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The White Lotus er produceret under coronakrisens højdepunkt, da Trump så ud til at fortsætte de næste fire år. Serien er blevet hypet i diverse medier som tidens mest aktuelle og rammende satire. Sjældent har kritikken af de riges paradis været så ond. Spørgsmålet er, om satiren holder, eller om den knækker.

Wie entstehen Subjekte in einem durch koloniale Machtverhältnisse geprägten Raum? Wie werden (Im-)Mobilitätshandlungen instrumentalisiert, um Subjektivierungsprozesse in die gewünschte Richtung zu lenken? Werke aus drei Perioden grönländisch-dänischer Geschichte Historien om Katrine (1982) von Mâliâraq Vebæk, Tine Brylds I den bedste mening (2010) [1998], Den grønlandske kateket Hansêraks dagbog: om Den danske konebådsekspedition til Ammassalik i Østgrønland 1884-85 (1933) von Johannes “Hansêraq“ Hansen und ausgewählte Artikel aus den Fachzeitschriften Meddelelser om Grønland und Geografisk Tidsskrift werden analysiert. Mit Bezugnahme auf ausgewählte Begriffe aus der Theorie Michel Foucaults wird in der vorliegenden Untersuchung erstens anschaulich gemacht, wie die nationale und internationale Mobilität vom Kolonialstaat Dänemark instrumentalisiert wurde, um gehorchende grönländische Subjekte hervorzubringen. Zweitens wird gezeigt, dass die Mobilitätshandlungen als die Normalisierungsziele untergrabende Widerstände funktionierten, mithilfe derer sich die Subjekte gegen die Macht wenden konnten, die sie hervorbrachte. Die Ergebnisse der Auseinandersetzung mit der oben erwähnten Literatur illustrieren, auf welche Art die Subjekte entstanden und tragen zum differenzierteren Verständnis von kolonialen Praktiken in Dänemark und Grönland in einer Zeitspanne von 100 Jahren bei., How do subjects emerge in a space shaped by colonial power relations? How are acts of (im-)mobility instrumentalized to steer subjectification processes in the desired direction? Texts from three periods of Greenlandic-Danish history are analysed: Historien om Katrine (1982) from Mâliâraq Vebæk, Tine Bryld's I den bedste mening (2010) [1998], Den grøn-landske kateket Hansêraks dagbog: om Den danske konebådsekspedition til Ammassalik i Østgrønland 1884-85 (1933) from Johannes “Hansêraq“ Hansen and selected arcticles from the journals Meddelelser om Grønland and Geografisk Tidsskrift. With the aid of selected con-cepts from Michel Foucault, this thesis firstly illustrates, how national and transnational mobilities were instrumentalized by the colonial regime to produce obeying Greenlandic subjects. Secondly, it is shown, that the acts of mobility functioned as expressions of resistance undermining the goals of normalization, by means of which subjects could turn against the power that produced them. By examining the texts mentioned above, the ways are illuminated, in which subjects emerged and contributions to a more nuanced understanding of colonial practices in Denmark and Greenland over a span of 100 years can be made.

Fra og med Kommuneplanen av 2006 har Bergen gjennomført en dreining i sin arealpolitikk, fra byspredning mot knutepunktfortetting. Den nylig inngåtte Byvekstavtalen mellom Bergen kommune og staten bekrefter at stat og kommune har sammenfallende og gjensidig forpliktende visjoner når det gjelder arealbruk og strategiske offentlige investeringer. Prosjektet «Fra plan til realisering» har som formål å finne ut om virkemidlene til gjennomføring er gode og tilstrekkelige. Prosjektet er finansiert av KMD og gjennomføres i regi av Bergen kommune. Bergen kommune har engasjert flere forskningsmiljøer for å bidra med underlagsnotater. Notatet om Paradis tar et dypdykk inn i ett fortettingsområde. Notatets ambisjon er å få fram de mange utfordringer som fortetting i praksis byr på for aktørene i området - det vil si grunneiere, næringsdrivende og andre brukere.

I denne masteroppgaven diskuterer jeg hvordan og i hvilket omfang shareholder value som ideal for selskapsstyringen (Corporate Governance) har fått innpass i Norsk Hydro. Shareholder value referer til ideen om at bedrifter bare har én legitim interessent; sine aksjonærer. Formålet med bedrifter er, ene og alene, å maksimere aksjonærverdier og dette skal reflekteres i selskapsstyringen. Dernest diskuterer jeg hvilke konsekvenser fremveksten av den nye styringsformen synes å få for partssamarbeidet. I første del av oppgaven diskuteres Hydros vei fra industrikonglomerat, med engasjement i aluminium, magnesium, olje og gass, gjødsel, plast, fisk, farmasi og sjokolade, til å bli et fokusert kjernevirksomhetsselskap i aluminiumsindustrien. Og videre, fremveksten av nye lederpremieringsregimer, endringer i Hydros vektlegging av interessenter og introduksjonen av tilbakekjøp av aksjer som en måte å belønne sine aksjonærer. Samlet sett argumenterer jeg for at dette har betydd at shareholder value har fått innpass i Norsk Hydro. I hvilket omfang dette har skjedd, problematiseres siden Hydro i sin vei mot kjernevirksomhet synes å ta samfunnsansvar gjennom sluttpakker og omstillingsmidler til berørte arbeidstakere og lokalsamfunn. Opsjonsordningene som ble introdusert rundt årtusenskiftet avvikles også i 2007, og utbyttepolitikken har vært relativt stabil om man ser bort fra tilbakekjøp av aksjer. Andre del av oppgaven diskuterer hvilke konsekvenser introduksjonen av shareholder value får for partssamarbeidet. Forventingen er at det tradisjonelt nære og omfattende samarbeidet mellom Hydros ledelse og tillitsvalgte, svekkes i møte med selskapsstyringsprinsipper som sier at aksjonærene skal trumfe andre interesser. Jeg viser hvordan denne forventingen inntreffer på begynnelsen av 2000-tallet, der det følger en periode der forholdet mellom ledere og tillitsvalgte er dårlig. Noe overraksende viser det seg imidlertid at partssamarbeidet får en renessanse fra midten av dette tiåret. Oppgaven avsluttes med en analyse av mulige grunner til denne siste utviklingen.

Genetically determined leukoencephalopathies comprise a group of rare inherited white matter disorders. The majority are progressive diseases resulting in early death. We performed a cross-sectional pilot study including 55 parents from 36 families to assess the level of stress experienced by parents of patients with genetically determined leukoencephalopathies, aged 1 month to 12 years. Thirty-four mothers and 21 fathers completed the Parenting Stress Index–4th Edition. One demographic questionnaire was completed per family. Detailed clinical data was gathered on all patients. Statistical analysis was performed with total stress percentile score as the primary outcome. Mothers and fathers had significantly higher stress levels compared with the normative sample; 20% of parents had high levels of stress whereas 11% had clinically significant levels of stress. Mothers and fathers had comparable total stress percentile scores. We identified pediatric behavioral difficulties and gross motor function to be factors influencing stress in mothers. Our study is the first to examine parental stress in this population and highlights the need for parental support early in the disease course. In this pilot study, we demonstrated that using the Parenting Stress Index–4th Edition to assess stress levels in parents of patients with genetically determined leukoencephalopathies is feasible, leads to valuable and actionable results, and should be used in larger, prospective studies.

Førstelinje: Da Adam fra først kom til Paradis., Innhold: 5 vers., Melodi: Mens Nordhavet bruser, Inngår i trykk: Seksten nye gemytlige Viser [2]

Internal combustion engines generate exhaust gases at extremely high temperatures and pressures. As these heated gases exit through the exhaust valve, the valve and valve seat insert achieve comparable temperatures. To avoid damage, heat is transferred from the exhaust valve to the valve seat insert as they come into contact with each other during the opening and closing cycle. Modern engine management systems regulate the thermal process through coolant and/or airflow rates, fuel injection, and ignition timing, and exhaust gas recirculation contributions to achieve satisfactory tradeoffs between power, emissions, and efficiency for various engine speeds and loads. One of the primary functions of the engine control unit is the prevention and detection of abnormal combustion to prevent severe engine damage. The online estimation of cylinder component temperatures offers an opportunity for greater engine control measures. A nonlinear dynamic thermal model is presented to describe the transient and steady-state phenomena in the engine's cylinder using a lumped parameter resistance-capacitance network. The model prediction of the engine's thermal behavior establishes a foundation to explore thermal periodic contact issues. Representative experimental and numerical results will be presented and discussed.

C'est en 1980 qu'a débuté le projet Mezcala. Le directeur du Consejo de Arqueologia d'alors, le professeur J. L. Lorenzo, avait promis la médaille de l'Aigle Aztèque au directeur du projet, si elle parvenait à découvrir en contexte et à dater le style Mezcala dans l'État du Guerrero. Dix ans plus tard, en 1990, le projet Mezcala peut espérer recevoir sa médaille : sept figurines de pierre de style Mezcala ont été trouvées au site Ahuinahuac. Nous présentons et discutons ici ces trouvailles, en insistant sur le fait qu'il s'agit de résultats préliminaires et encore incomplets., Paradis Louise I., Bélanger Сhristian, Raby D., Ross B. Le style Mezcala découvert en contexte au guerrero (Mexique) . In: Journal de la Société des Américanistes. Tome 76, 1990. pp. 199-212.

The introduction of cyclosporine has resulted in significant improvement in the survival of cardiac allograft recipients due to decreased mortality from infection and rejection. The original oil-based cyclosporine formulation exhibits variable and unpredictable bioavailability that correlates with an increased incidence of acute and chronic rejection in those patients in whom this is most pronounced. The primary objectives of this prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study in cardiac transplant patients were: to compare the efficacy of cyclosporine microemulsion (CsA-NL) with oil-based cyclosporine (CsA-SM) as measured by cardiac allograft and recipient survival and the incidence and severity of acute rejection episodes; and to assess the safety and tolerability of CsA-NL compared with CsA-SM in this population. This report represents the analysis of results 6 months after transplantation.A total of 380 patients undergoing their first cardiac transplant at 24 centers in the United States, Canada, and Europe were enrolled in this double-blind, randomized trial examining the safety and efficacy of CsA-NL versus CsA-SM. Rejection was diagnosed using endomyocardial biopsy and were graded according to standardized criteria of the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Clinical parameters were monitored during the study. Survival and freedom from were used for analysis as was Fisher's exact test for comparisons between groups.At 6 months after transplantation, allograft and patient survival were the same for both groups. The frequency of ISHLT grade 3A or greater episodes in the two groups was identical. Fewer CsA-NL patients (5.9%) required antilymphocyte antibody (ATG or OKT-3) therapy for rejection compared with the CsA-SM-treated patients (14.1%, P=0.01). Females with ISHLT rejection gradeor = 3A treated with CsA-NL had a 46% lower incidence of rejection compared with the CsA-SM-treated group (31.3% vs. 57.6%, P=0.032). Fewer infections were seen in the CsA-NL. With the exception of baseline and 1 week posttransplant creatinines which were higher in the CsA-NL group, the overall creatinine was not significantly different between the two groups.This multicenter, randomized study of cardiac transplant recipients documented less severe rejection (in particular those requiring antibody therapy) and a lower incidence of infection in CsA-NL-treated patients. Results from the female subgroup analysis suggest that the improved bioavailability of CsA-NL might reduce the frequency of rejection episodes in female patients. The use of CsA-NL was not associated with an increased risk of adverse events.

The social rehabilitation of lung transplant recipients becomes increasingly important as the results of lung transplantation improve. Although return-to-work (RTW) rates have been published for recipients of other organ transplants, no such data are available after lung transplantation. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors influence RTW after lung transplantation. Of 99 lung transplant recipients (43 single, 56 bilateral) surveyed from Denver, Colorado, (n = 49) and Toronto, Ontario, Canada (n = 50), 22% (n = 22) were employed, 38% (n = 38) were unemployed but medically able to work, 29% (n = 29) were medically disabled, and 10% (n = 10) had retired. The RTW rate for those medically able to work was 37% (22/60), and it was identical at each center (n = 11). Only Canadian lung transplant recipients (36%, 4/11) secured new jobs, whereas all Colorado lung transplant recipients returned to their previous employment (100%, 11/11). A stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that (1) pretransplantation employment, (2) a diagnosis of emphysema, cystic fibrosis, or primary pulmonary hypertension, (3) a self-report of being physically able to work, (4) greater functional improvement as measured by post-lung transplantation percent predicted forced vital capacity, and (5) post-lung transplantation 6-minute walk550 m positively influenced RTW. This analysis accurately profiled 82% of the employed and 76% of the unemployed recipients for an overall effectiveness of 79%. The findings of this study are that (1) a 37% employment rate for those physically able was comparable to other types of organ transplant recipients, (2) employment was not determined by the type of lung transplantation procedure (single or bilateral), and (3) social factors remain employment barriers for some recipients, but their absence did not guarantee a better employment rate.

Our purpose was to evaluate monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the peripheral blood of women with and without endometriosis.Fifty-seven patients with endometriosis at laparoscopy done for infertility and pelvic pain were compared with 44 fertile women with no evidence of endometriosis at tubal ligation by laparoscopy. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 concentration in the plasma was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its biologic activity was evaluated by measuring monocyte chemotaxis with use of a human histiocytic cell line (U937).Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 concentrations (median and range of values) found in the plasma were higher in patients with endometriosis (163, 0 to 788 pg/ml) than in normal controls (0, 0 to 355 pg/ml). This elevation was significant only in the minimal stage of endometriosis (revised American Fertility Society stage I). However, increased chemotactic activity (mean number of migrating cells/mm2 +/- SEM) was found in the stages I (1240 +/- 141), II (519 +/- 30), and III-IV (523 +/- 23) of the disease compared with normal controls (205 +/- 20). A total of 35% to 44% of this activity was inhibited in the presence of an antibody specific to monocyte chemotactic protein-1.Endometriosis is associated with increased level and activity of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the peripheral blood. The elevation and activation of this cytokine could play a relevant role in the immunoinflammatory process associated with the disease.

Endometriosis is generally associated with an immunoinflammatory process that takes place in the peritoneal cavity of patients. Interleukin (IL)-6, a multifunctional cytokine involved in numerous immunological and proliferative processes, has been found at high concentrations in the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of endometriotic cells to produce IL-y and to assess the regulation of its secretion by proinflammatory cytokines and sex steroids. Cultures of human endometriotic cells were exposed to different concentrations of cytokines and sex steroid hormones for varying periods of time. IL-6 secretion was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Endometriotic cells spontaneously released IL-6 in culture. IL-1 beta and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (0.1-100.0 ng/ ml) potentiated IL-y secretion in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Interferon-gamma (0.4-400 ng/ml) induced a dose-related increase in IL-6 secretion and showed a synergistic effect on that secretion in combination with TNF-alpha (10 ng/ ml). Either spontaneous or cytokine-induced IL-6 secretion was inhibited by progesterone (10(-8)-10(-5) M) and danazol (10(-6) M), whereas oestradiol (10(-8)-10(-5) M) had a limited inhibitory effect. The antiprogestin RU486 (10(-8)-10(-4) M) antagonized the inhibitory effects of progesterone and danazol, but showed agonist action when used alone. These findings indicate that endometriotic tissue may actively contribute to the biological changes observed in the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients. They also provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of progesterone and those of danazol and RU486 used in the treatment of endometriosis.

Local immunological injury caused by acute lung rejection leads to fibroblast proliferation. Hyaluronate is a product of activated fibroblasts and possibly an indicator of fibroblast proliferation. One hundred thirty-six bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma hyaluronate assays were performed in 57 lung transplant recipients. Pulmonary endothelial cell function was assessed by measuring bronchoalveolar lavage levels of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Presence of acute cellular rejection was monitored by transbronchial biopsy histologic evaluation and was classified as minimal to mild (acute rejection I, II) and moderate to severe (acute rejection III, IV). Infection was confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage culture and antibiotic sensitivity. Bronchoalveolar lavage hyaluronate levels in clinically stable recipients were 33.5 +/- 4.69 micrograms/L and were significantly higher than with clinically stable recipients (p = 0.0001), infection (p = 0.008), or mild rejection (p = 0.001). Levels were highest in recipients with diffuse alveolar damage (392.4 +/- 60.6 micrograms/L). Diffuse alveolar damage also resulted in significant elevations of plasma HA as compared with stable recipients (p = 0.001) and mild rejection. We conclude that clinically significant injury to the allograft from rejection or diffuse alveolar damage can be assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage hyaluronate assays and suggest that the source of hyaluronate in these instances are activated fibroblasts.

Bronchiolitis obliterans, defined histologically or clinically, is the most significant long-term cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. It shares many pathogenetic features with chronic allograft dysfunction that can occur in bone marrow, liver, heart, and kidney recipients. Lessons learned in the prevention and management of this disorder in lung recipients therefore should have application to the analogous process that develops in other organ allograft recipients. Because the lung is exposed to the external environment, it can be sampled repeatedly by techniques like bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy with little or no long-term adverse consequence to the allograft. Excellent pulmonary function tests also are available with which to assess the functional capacity of the allograft and to correlate with the results from immunologic testing. For these reasons, this disorder in lung recipients could serve as a model to determine the pathogenesis and treatment of the analogous disorder that may develop in other major organ recipients. Because this disorder most likely is immunologic in origin, advances in transplant immunology that create tolerance between the donor and recipient as well as efforts to prevent CMV infection and airway ischemic injury likely will be effective preventive measures. Although augmented immunosuppression appears to be of some benefit in treating bronchiolitis obliterans, it is far from optimal and new or better use of current immunosuppressive medications is warranted. Because the number of recipients at any one center is too few to critically assess the efficacy and safety of different immunosuppressive regimens, it is likely that collaboration between transplant centers will be necessary for success to be achieved.

A clinically applicable, standardized method for assessing functional results after lung transplantation is required to evaluate factors that may affect long-term outcome, to permit comparison of results from different centers, and to evaluate results of clinical trials. An ad hoc working group was established under the auspices of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation for the purpose of developing such a clinically applicable system. Chronic allograft dysfunction is often associated with pathologic findings of obliterative bronchiolitis, the cause of which has not been defined. Physiologically, such dysfunction is associated with obstructive airways disease. The group concluded that the forced expiratory volume in 1 second was the most reliable and consistent indicator of graft dysfunction, excluding other identifiable causes. The term bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome was adopted to describe such dysfunction, recognizing that there may or may not be pathologic evidence of bronchiolitis obliterans present. Four stages of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome were defined, each with two subcategories to indicate whether pathologic evidence of obliterative bronchiolitis had been identified. This working formulation will require reappraisal in the future to reassess its practical application and to make such adjustments as may seem appropriate.

Internal combustion spark ignition and diesel engines are used worldwide to meet society's need for transportation and mobile power generation. The cooling system is responsible for thermal management of the engine block, under-hood components, and passenger compartment. The majority of production vehicles use a thermostatic valve and belt-driven water pump whose operation is fixed with respect to the coolant temperature and the engine speed, respectively. However, transient engine operation, environmental changes, and product life-cycle events should be accommodated by the cooling system to enhance thermal efficiency while maintaining engine performance and vehicle driveability. In this paper, a mechatronic thermostatic valve is presented for a continual on-line motor and CVT-based mechanical water pumps are discussed in terms of adjustable fluid flow rates. The operation of current thermostat valves are introduced followed by the design of an ECU controlled solenoid or dc servo-motor thermostat actuator. A multi-node resistor-capacitor nonlinear thermal model is presented to estimate the thermal behaviour of cylinder components. The proposed control algorithm manages the coolant flow rate to regulate engine temperature while offsetting possible abnormal combustion effects, oil lubrication issues, and anticipatory driving demands. Numerical results are presented and discussed to demonstrate the validity and functionality of the automotive mechatronic system for thermal regulation.

Cacao crop was cultivated in Meso-America at the pre-columbian period. Cacao beans were used not only for the preparation of a beverage, but also as a currency. In addition, cacao was ritually absorbed, or presented as an offering during various ceremonies., Paradis Louise. Le cacao précolombien : monnaie d'échange et breuvage des dieux. In: Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée, 26ᵉ année, bulletin n°3-4, Juillet-décembre 1979. Cacao, cacaoyer, chocolat. pp. 181-199.

A recently discovered stela in Guerrero represents the north-westernmost extension of monolithic sculpture in the Olmec style yet known in Mesoamerica. The stela depicts a standing human figure wearing a cloak and bird mask and holding a staff-like object. It is suggested that the theme is ceremonial or one of rank or rulership. The style of the carving and its association with Olmec style pottery confirms its colonial Olmec identity. The nature of the stela confirms our impression that Olmec presence in Guerrero and the central highlands represents more than a diffused art style. A tentative model for interpreting Olmec diffusion takes into account economic as well as socio-political factors, including possible motives bringing the Olmec into the highlands and the nature and pattern of relationships established with local culture groups. Trade and status borrowing are the basis of this model.