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Iron Gates Natural Park. Monograph An invitation to Iron Gates Natural Park: Maria Pătroescu, Laurențiu Rozylowicz, Marian C. Jiplea Iron Gates Natural Park. Administrative and legal aspects: Mihai R. Niță, Marian C. Jiplea, Diana A. Onose, Maria Pătroescu The Geography of Iron Gates Natural Park: Steluța Manolache, Iulian M. Niculae, Simona R. Grădinaru, Andreea Niță, Vasile Bagrinovschi Introduction to the Geology of Iron Gates Natural Park: Mihai Emilian Popa Iron Gates Natural Park landscape: Iulian M. Niculae, Catălin V. Toboiu, Maria Pătroescu, Cristian I. Iojă, Mihai R. Niță, Cristiana M. Ciocănea Iron Gates Natural Park biodiversity: Steluța Manolache, Laurențiu Rozylowicz, Maria Pătroescu, Amalia R. Dumbravă Tourism to Iron Gates Natural Park: Andreea Niță, Athanasios A. Gavrilidis, Cătălin V. Toboiu, Gabriel O. Vânău, Marius L. Matache, Simona R. Grădinaru, Felix Baratky References, Romanian version Rozylowicz L., Pătroescu M., Jiplea M.C., Bagrinovschi V., Baratki F., Dumbravă A.R., Ciocănea,C.M., Gavrilidis A.A., Grădinaru S.R., Iojă I.C., Manolache S., Matache M.L., Niculae I.M., Niță A., Niță M.R., Onose D.A., Popa E.M., Toboiu C.V., Vânău G.O. (2021) Parcul Natural Porţile de Fier: monografie. Culturae Hereditatem, Bucuresti. ISBN 978-606-95324-1-6, {"references": ["ABAB. 2015. Planul de management bazinal actualizat al spa\u021biului hidrografic Banat. Administra\u021bia Na\u021bional\u0103 Apele Rom\u00e2ne. Administra\u021bia Bazinal\u0103 de Ap\u0103 Banat, Timi\u0219oara.", "APNPF. 2013. Planul de management al Parcului Natural Por\u021bile de Fier. Administra\u021bia Parcului Natural Por\u021bile de Fier, Or\u0219ova.", "APNPF. 2020. 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Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) receive cost-based reimbursement for services provided to Medicare patients, while the prospective payment system (PPS) pays non-CAH rural hospitals a fixed price p...

Two sets of compound woven fabrics containing three layers of simple woven fabrics were manufactured (five samples made of cotton yarns and five samples with one-third hybrid cotton/silver yarns). The thermal resistance and water vapor permeability of all the fabrics were measured and compared. It should be noted that the small dissimilarity in the thickness of the manufactured fabrics was due to the movement of the yarns through the thickness in the relaxing state of the fabrics. However, they were designed in a way to have the same thickness on the weaving loom. The results stated that the thermal resistance of asymmetric fabrics for both sets of fabrics (with and without silver) was different regarding which exterior face (face or back) was in contact with the hot plate (20°C). It should be noted that the fabric is not symmetric through its thickness due to the dissimilarity of weave pattern of the layers or the orientation of silver yarns. It affirms that the internal voids of each ply (which is correlated to the wave pattern) play a significant role in thermal resistance of the manufactured compound woven fabrics. As a result, the asymmetry of a compound woven fabric throughout the thickness makes it a potential fabric to be applied as double-face fabric for different climate conditions as the order of the layers changed the thermal resistance of the compound fabric due to the porosity of each ply. Furthermore, a reduction was observed in thermal resistance for the fabrics with silver presence (~40%) while the other parameters remained unchanged (e.g. yarn density, fabric structure, and fabric porosity). The reason is correlated to the high conductivity of silver as conductive materials improve the heat transfer of the fabrics. Moreover, the influence of silver presence on water vapor permeability was not significant although the water vapor permeability was slightly increased for the fabrics having silver in their structures.

The Critical Access Hospital (CAH) program has been created to protect small, financially vulnerable rural hospitals in the U.S. by granting them Medicare cost-based reimbursement. However, there have been concerns that this type of reimbursement might have a negative impact on the cost efficiency of hospitals that converted to CAH status. This study examines the impact of Medicare cost-based reimbursement, length of participation in the CAH program and other environmental variables on the cost efficiency of CAHs using a two-stage approach. In the first stage, data envelopment analysis is used to estimate cost efficiency of CAHs. In the second stage, cost efficiency is regressed on environmental variables using a parametric bootstrap of a truncated regression. The estimated results suggest that Medicare cost-based reimbursement may increase the cost inefficiency of CAHs and that longer participation in the CAH program increases hospital cost inefficiency but the extent of this inefficiency increase is lower than what previous literature showed.

Textiles have been highly applied for electromagnetic shielding purposes due to the increasing concern about health issues caused by human exposure to radiation. Properties of conductive yarn, fabric structure, and garment design have extreme effects on the electromagnetic behaviour and comfort of the final product. Lots of electromagnetic shielding textiles are made of metallic yarns regarding their high electrical conductivity. Therefore, some researchers have worked on electromagnetic shielding textiles made of metals. For example; the shielding effectiveness of woven fabrics made of hybrid yarns containing stainless steel wire was investigated. As discussed earlier, the fabric structure has significant effects on electromagnetic protection. Consequently, woven samples were produced using two different commercial electroconductive yarns (PA12 coated with Ag and Inox) to investigate the effects of the fabric structure. The main purpose was to define the best pattern among three basic woven patterns leads to the highest electromagnetic shielding. Moreover, the different weft yarn densities were applied to examine the effects of yarn density on the level of electromagnetic shielding. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of all the 2-layer samples was evaluated in the frequency range from 0.8 to10 GHz in an anechoic chamber. The woven sample with higher yarn density of PA12 coated with Ag yarns shows higher protection against radiation. To conclude, the results show that the yarn properties play the main role in shielding as well as yarn density and fabric pattern.

Movement disorders could be a neurological complication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and may be sometimes represent the initial manifestation of HIV infection. We present the case of a 16 years old male admitted in our department with dystonia – as presenting symptom of HIV encephalitis. In this case, we didn’t disclose any opportunistic infections, but basal ganglia lesions and their connections damage are revealed by cerebral imaging.

This paper examined cost efficiency differences between rural hospitals participating in the Critical Access Hospital (CAH) Program and a group of non-converting, prospectively paid rural hospitals using both a two-stage semi-parametric approach as well as stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). CAHs receive Medicare cost-based reimbursement, in contrast with the rest of the hospitals reimbursed under Medicare prospective payment system (PPS). However, cost-based reimbursement has been associated with inefficiency in hospital operations and, consequently, concerns have been raised about the efficiency of CAHs. Results showed a positive and significant effect of CAH status on cost inefficiency under both model specifications suggesting that CAHs were less cost efficient than non-converting rural hospitals.

This study examined differences in technical efficiency between two groups of rural hospitals operating under different Medicare reimbursement systems: cost-based reimbursed Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) and non-converting, prospectively paid (PPS) rural hospitals. To control for hospital size, two different groups of PPS rural hospitals were specified based on bed size. We use a two-stage approach, where data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used in the first stage to estimate technical efficiency. In the second stage, we estimate the effects of environmental variables (CAH status, ownership, Medicare and Medicaid) on hospital efficiency using a truncated regression with bootstrap. Density analysis of efficiency scores suggests that CAHs are more technically efficient than both groups of non-converting, PPS rural hospitals. Similarly, the results of bootstrapped truncated regression showed a positive and significant marginal effect of CAH status suggesting that CAHs are more technically efficient than non-converting, PPS rural hospitals.

This study examines technical efficiency of Critical Access Hospitals (CAH) using a two-stage approach and bootstrap procedures for making valid inference about the impact of environmental variables on CAH efficiency. In the first stage, a data envelopment analysis (DEA) efficiency estimator is used to estimate technical efficiency of each hospital in the sample. In the second stage, efficiency scores are regressed on environmental variables using a truncated regression with bootstrap. Alternatively, a double bootstrap procedure is used, where bias-corrected DEA efficiency scores, obtained by means of bootstrap in the first stage, are used in the second stage bootstrapped truncated regression. While both procedures provide valid inference in the second stage analysis, the double bootstrap procedure has also been shown to improve statistical efficiency in the second stage truncated regression. Our results indicate that, while the two procedures yield in general similar and consistent results, only the double bootstrap procedure unveiled the direct association between Medicare cost-based reimbursement and CAH inefficiency.

This study examines, post-conversion, cost inefficiency of Critical Access Hospitals (CAH) using a two-stage approach. While the results suggest that Medicare cost-based reimbursement and longer participation in the CAH program may increase the cost inefficiency of CAHs, the extent of this inefficiency increase is lower than what previous literature showed.

This study used a stochastic frontier cost model to analyze whether the policy changes that created Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) caused an increase in the cost inefficiency of these hospitals or their cost inefficiency was brought about by other factors that were similar to all rural hospitals. The estimated mean cost inefficiency of CAH was 25 percent while that of non-CAH rural hospitals was 17.6 percent. However, the estimated results did not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that Medicare cost-based reimbursement was the main cause of higher cost inefficiency of CAHs. There might be other causes that can explain the higher cost inefficiency of CAHs such as the larger number of Medicaid and uninsured patients and the higher levels of uncompensated care that CAHs provide.

This study analyzes difference in efficiency among the U.S. rural hospitals using a two-stage, semi-parametric approach. Data Envelopment Analysis is used in the first stage to calculate cost, technical and allocative efficiencies of Critical Access Hospitals (CAH) and non-CAH rural hospitals. Following Simar and Wilson (2007), bootstrapped truncated regressions are used in the second stage to infer on relationship between the cost, technical and allocative inefficiencies of hospitals and some environmental variables. The estimated results show that CAHs are less cost, technical and allocative efficient than non-CAH rural hospitals. The results also show that Medicare cost-based reimbursement for CAHs has a negative effect on the efficiency of these hospitals while Medicare prospective payment system for non-CAH rural hospitals has a positive effect on hospital efficiency.

Este estudio fue encargado por el directorio de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría con los auspicios de UMCEF. Revisa los beneficios médicos de la lactancia materna y la evidencia internacional de legislación durante la maternidad en diferentes países del mundo para entregar las principales conclusiones de este análisis. De igual manera se revisa la situación en Chile sobre normas y propuestas, aspectos de la protección, estudios realizados e identificación de alternativas de política para promover la lactancia materna. Se hace una evaluación de beneficios y costos de promover la lactancia materna con énfasis en el ahorro por menor consumo de leche de fórmula, el ahorro por menor morbilidad de los niños, las alternativas para promover la lactancia materna en las mujeres que trabajan, el ahorro por concepto de sala cuna y los costos asociados al beneficio. Con estos antecedentes se entregan principales recomendaciones que surgen de esta evaluación con claros beneficios en la prolongación del permiso postnatal

Este estudio fue encargado por el directorio de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría con los auspicios de UMCEF. Revisa los beneficios médicos de la lactancia materna y la evidencia internacional de legislación durante la maternidad en diferentes países del mundo para entregar las principales conclusiones de este análisis. De igual manera se revisa la situación en Chile sobre normas y propuestas, aspectos de la protección, estudios realizados e identificación de alternativas de política para promover la lactancia materna. Se hace una evaluación de beneficios y costos de promover la lactancia materna con énfasis en el ahorro por menor consumo de leche de fórmula, el ahorro por menor morbilidad de los niños, las alternativas para promover la lactancia materna en las mujeres que trabajan, el ahorro por concepto de sala cuna y los costos asociados al beneficio. Con estos antecedentes se entregan principales recomendaciones que surgen de esta evaluación con claros beneficios en la prolongación del permiso postnatal This study was ordered by the Board of Directors from the Chilean Paediatrics Society and sponsored by UMCEF. It reviews the medical benefits of breast feeding and the evidence of international maternity legislation in different countries, in order to expose the principal conclusions of this analysis. Besides, it reviews the Chilean situation in terms of rules, protection and political alternatives for promoting breast feeding. An evaluation of costs and benefits is performed for breast feeding, with special attention on savings in less artificial milk consumption, less infant morbidity and decrease in nursery school attendance. With this information, many recommendations promoting the benefits of a longer postnatal license are delivered

Logging activities require consideration of a large number of resource combinations, and there is a need to use the money invested in them effectively. For this reason, computational tools, principally optimization models, are used in their design. This paper shows a practical application of this technique for planning horizons of variable length (three months ideally), divided into five periods. The model is designed to guide the operative harvest decisions, such as choosing harvest areas, logging equipment and labor considerations. This application proves the feasibility and advantages of its utilization for minor companies., La gran cantidad de combinaciones posibles en el diseño de faenas de producción forestal y la necesidad de un máximo aprovechamiento de la alta inversión que éstas significan han llevado a las empresas a apoyar su planificación con diversas herramientas computacionales, en su mayoría modelos de optimización. El presente trabajo muestra la aplicación de esta técnica a un problema práctico, mediante un modelo diseñado para guiar las decisiones operativas de cosecha que permite seleccionar las unidades a cosechar y determinar los equipos y el personal requeridos en cada uno de ellos, para un horizonte de planificación de longitud variable (idealmente tres meses) dividido en cinco períodos. Se demuestra con esto la conveniencia y factibilidad de uso de dicha técnica en empresas de tamaño mediano.