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Electron collision cross section data for the water molecule are compiled from the literature. Cross sections are collected and reviewed for total scattering, elastic scattering, momentum transfer, excitations of rotational and vibrational states, electronic excitation, dissociation, ionization, and dissociative attachment. For each of these processes, the recommended values of the cross sections are presented. The literature has been surveyed up to the end of 2019.

Highlights • Identification of neutralizing mAbs using MERS-CoV spike-pseudotyped virus. • Transmembrane domain-deleted spike subunit protein induced neutralizing antibodies. • Neutralizing antibodies could bind to RBD of MERS-CoV spike, but not vice versa. • Mutation in residue 506–509 or 529 of S elicits neutralization escape of MERS-CoV. • Our mAbs can be utilized for identification of specific mutation of MERS-CoV., Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe pulmonary infection, with ∼35 % mortality. Spike glycoprotein (S) of MERS-CoV is a key target for vaccines and therapeutics because S mediates viral entry and membrane-fusion to host cells. Here, four different S subunit proteins, receptor-binding domain (RBD; 358–606 aa), S1 (1–751 aa), S2 (752–1296 aa), and SΔTM (1–1296 aa), were generated using the baculoviral system and immunized in mice to develop neutralizing antibodies. We developed 77 hybridomas and selected five neutralizing mAbs by immunization with SΔTM against MERS-CoV EMC/2012 strain S-pseudotyped lentivirus. However, all five monoclonal antibodies (mAb) did not neutralize the pseudotyped V534A mutation. Additionally, one mAb RBD-14F8 did not show neutralizing activity against pseudoviruses with amino acid substitution of L506 F or D509 G (England1 strain, EMC/2012 L506 F, and EMC/2012 D509 G), and RBD-43E4 mAb could not neutralize the pseudotyped I529 T mutation, while three other neutralizing mAbs showed broad neutralizing activity. This implies that the mutation in residue 506–509, 529, and 534 of S is critical to generate neutralization escape variants of MERS-CoV. Interestingly, all five neutralizing mAbs have binding affinity to RBD, although most mAbs generated by RBD did not have neutralizing activity. Additionally, chimeric antibodies of RBD-14F8 and RBD-43E4 with human Fc and light chain showed neutralizing effect against wild type MERS-CoV KOR/KNIH/002, similar to the original mouse mAbs. Thus, our mAbs can be utilized for the identification of specific mutations of MERS-CoV.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic drug that is used to treat many cancers, but its use is limited by cardiotoxic side effect. Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) is an NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase that reduces DOX to doxorubicinol (DOXOL), a less potent derivative that is responsible for DOX cardiotoxicity. Thus, we aimed to demonstrate that inhibition of CBR1 enhances the chemotherapeutic efficacy of DOX and attenuates cardiotoxicity.Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of CBR1 improved the anticancer effects of DOX in preclinical models of breast cancer. RNA interference or chemical inhibition of CBR1 improved the anticancer effect of DOX in breast cancer. Moreover, CBR1 overexpression enabled breast cancer cells to obtain chemotherapeutic resistance to DOX treatment. Intriguingly, inhibition of CBR1 decreased DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in animal model. Innovation and Conclusions: Inhibition of CBR1 increases chemotherapeutic efficacy of DOX and reduces cardiotoxicity by blocking DOX reduction to DOXOL. Therefore, we offer preclinical proof-of-concept for a combination strategy to safely leverage the efficacy of doxorubicin by blunting its cardiotoxic effects that limit use of this cytotoxic agent used widely in the oncology clinic. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 70-83.

Structural analysis for a large-scale fault in Maegok-dong, Ulsan, was carried out based on filed-works to investigate the geometric and kinematic characteristics of the fault as well as its Quaternary slip. As results, a series of repeated stratigraphy, minor faults, fracture zones, and deformation band clusters are observed over a distance of about 100 m in the first studied site consisting of sedimentary rocks, which may indicate the damage zone of a large-scale fault in this site. In the second site, mainly composed of granitic clastic rocks, a large-scale thrust fault is expected based on low-angle dipping faults showing branched and/or merged patterns. Age of the last slip on this fault was restrained as after 33,275 ± 355 yr BP based on radiocarbon dating for organic material included in the gouge zone. Dimension of fault damage zone, dominant sense of slip, and age of the slip event associated with the fault suggest that these structures have a close relationship with the Ulsan Fault and/or Yeonil Tectonic Line, which are well-known large-scale neotectonic structural features around the study area. Therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the faults in detail based on structural geology and paleoseismology in order to ensure seismic and geologic stability of the buildings under construction, and to prevent geologic hazards in this area.

Eosinophils are bone-marrow–derived granulocytes present in peripheral blood and tissue that are primarily involved as effector cells in various conditions, including inflammatory diseases, allergic diseases, and parasitic infections [1,2]. Researchers have long thought that the main role of eosinophils was to act as effector cells in allergic reactions and helminth infections, but their role as antitumor effectors has recently been revealed [3-6]. Eosinophils function as antitumor effector cells in neoplastic lesions through a variety of eosinophil-derived mediators, including tumor necrosis factor alpha and granzyme-A [3,7]. Changes in the number of tissue eosinophils have been reported in several types of cancer and premalignant lesions from a wide range of organs, including the head and neck and the gastrointestinal tract [5,8-12]. Some studies have shown that the degree of tissue eosinophilia correlates with cancer prognosis because of its significant association with response to chemoradiation therapy, operability, and even lymph node metastasis [5,11,13-16]. These findings suggest that the degree of eosinophilia could be used as a prognostic marker. Among the studies on eosinophils and neoplastic conditions, both increasing and decreasing trends in the number of eosinophils in colorectal neoplasms have been reported with regards to tumor progression. A histopathological study on tissue eosinophilia in colorectal neoplasms has revealed that the degree of eosinophilia differs according to the malignant potential of the lesion; the number of tissue-infiltrating eosinophils increases in low-grade dysplasia, decreases in high-grade lesions, and decreases even more in cancer cases, showing significant and rapid change compared to the surrounding normal tissues [17-19]. As mentioned earlier, more prominent eosinophilia in colorectal cancer is associated with a better prognosis, including significant improvement in the 5-year survival rate. As the association between the infiltration of eosinophils and neoplasms is better understood, interest in how chemokines affect the differentiation and migration of eosinophils is increasing. Many kinds of chemokines are involved in the production, differentiation, and migration of eosinophils. Among the interleukins, interleukin (IL)-3 and IL-5 play major roles in the production and differentiation of eosinophils, and IL-4, IL-6, IL-11, and IL-12 are involved in their differentiation. A variety of C-C chemokines (named after the cysteine terminus residue near the C-terminus in the amino acid sequence), including C-C chemokine ligands-5 (CCL5, RANTES), CCL11 (eotaxin-1), CCL24 (eotaxin-2), and CCL26 (eotaxin-3), are involved in the differentiation and, in particular, the migration of eosinophils from the bone marrow to tissue stroma through enhancement and regulation of tethering, rolling, and endothelial adhesion of the eosinophils [1,2]. Expression of CCL11 and CCL24 in the human gastrointestinal tract is higher than in other tissues in the normal state, and increases during inflammatory disease, allergic reaction, and helminth infections, in which eosinophils function as effector cells [1,20-22]. The concentration of CCL24 is shown to be elevated in tumor tissue, and is also elevated in the stromal cells of colorectal tumors [23]. As mentioned earlier, a decrease in tissue eosinophils was observed in colorectal adenocarcinoma, but tissue levels of CCL11 were found to be elevated. Therefore, there is a discrepancy between decreased tissue eosinophilia and the tissue levels of chemokines such as CCL11 and CCL24, which enhance the recruitment of eosinophils. Serum chemokine levels appear to be elevated in prostate and colorectal adenocarcinoma, and they have been proposed as serum tumor markers [24-28]. In this study, we aimed to (1) evaluate the number of tissue-infiltrating eosinophils in colorectal tubular adenoma with low-grade dysplasia, tubular adenoma with high-grade dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma, and (2) evaluate the expression of CCL11 and CCL24 in colorectal neoplastic lesions by immunohistochemical staining to determine the correlation between the expression of cytokines, eosinophilia, and progression of neoplastic lesions. Even though much is known about the correlation between the prognosis and progression of colorectal neoplasms and eosinophilia, little is known about local expression of the chemokines associated with eosinophils. This study may provide insight into the relationship between tumor eosinophilia and local expression of chemokines, and thus explain the observed discrepancy between chemokine levels and tissue eosinophilia.

We have employed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique to examine the combined effects of low-energy electron (LEE) irradiation and ion on DNA damage. pBR322 plasmid DNA extracted from E. coli ER2420 was used for preparing DNA- sample. The C1s XPS spectra were scanned for LEE-irradiated and LEE-unirradiated samples and then curve-fitted. For the samples with LEE irradiation only or with Fe ion only, no significant changes from pure DNA samples were observed - a single effect of either ion or LEE irradiation did not cause a significant damage. However, when these two components were combined, the DNA damage was increased quite significantly, compared to the sum of DNA damages caused by ion and by LEE irradiation independently. This observation is consistent with our previous results [Radiat. Res. 177, 775 (2012)] which was done using gel-electrophoresis technique. Partial interpretation of the observed spectrum peaks was also attempted.

Cross section data are compiled from the literature for electron collisions with nitrogen trifluoride (NF$_3$) molecules. Cross sections are collected and reviewed for total scattering, elastic scattering, momentum transfer, excitations of rotational and vibrational states, dissociation, ionization, and dissociative attachment. For each of these processes, the recommended values of the cross sections are presented. The literature has been surveyed up to the end of 2016., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, 12 tables

Cross section data are compiled from the literature for electron collisions with oxides of nitrogen (NxOy) molecules: the species nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are explicitly considered. Cross sections are collected and reviewed for total scattering, elastic scattering, momentum transfer, excitations of rotational, vibrational, and electronic states, dissociation, ionization, and dissociative attachment. For each of these processes, the recommended values of the cross sections are presented. The literature has been surveyed up to the end of 2017. These results are supplemented by a reanalysis of the swarm measurements for NO and newly calculated cross sections for rotational excitation of N2O and for rotational excitation and electronic excitation of NO2.

A new electron scattering apparatus is developed based on concepts from the positron system built by Surko et al (1988). In an electron version of the system, the electron beam is provided by a cathode and the rest of the system is correspondingly modified to a simpler system. The system was tested by measuring electron scattering from argon to verify its operation. N2O is important in the atmosphere and plasma processes, and in the intermediate energy region from 5 eV to 50 eV, there are two previous results for the electron scattering total cross-section which are in disagreement. We present here a new measurement for the total electron cross-section of N2O, helping to resolve this disagreement.

This study analyzed the energy demand, greenhouse gas emission and greenhouse gas reduction potential of Electronic·Electrical components company. The LEAP model targeting long term energy plan was used to establish the most efficient plan for the companies by examining the climate change policy of government and the countermeasures by companies. A scenario was created by having 11 greenhouse gases reduction plans to be introduced from 2011 as the basic plan. Regarding input data, energy consumption by business place and by use, number of employee from 2009 to 2012, land area and change in number of business places were utilized. The study result suggested that approximately 13,800 TJ of energy will be spent in 2020, which is more than 2 times of 2012 energy consumption. When the integrated scenario based on the reduction plan of companies would be enforced, approximately 3,000 TJ will be reduced in 2020. The emission of greenhouse gases until 2020 was forecasted as approximately 760,000 ton CO 2eq. When the integrated scenario would be enforced, the emission will be approximately 610,000 ton CO 2eq, which is decrease by approximately 150,000 ton CO 2eq. This study will help the efficient responding of eElectronic·Electrical components company in preparing detail report on objective management system and enforcement plan. It will also contribute in their image as environment-friendly companies by properly responding to the regulation reinforcement of government and greenhouse gases emission target based on environment policy.

Visible-light-responsive Cu/N-doped mesoporous TiO 2 photocatalysts were synthesized by a template-free homogenous coprecipitation method that was followed by an impregnation method. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) methods, and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. The Cu/N-doped TiO 2 photocatalysts had a well-defined mesoporous structure and large specific area and were responsive to visible light. On increasing the amount of Cu loaded, absorption in the visible-light range increased significantly, while the specific surface area and pore volume decreased. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated via the photodegradation of gaseous xylene under UV- and visible-light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of Cu/N-doped mesoporous TiO 2 was considerably greater than that of both the sample undoped with Cu as well as that of commercially available TiO 2 (Degussa P25), which has low Cu content. Doping with nitrogen and Cu resulted in highly effective mesoporous TiO 2 photocatalysts that were responsive to visible light.

s of Papers ; 231st American Chemical Society National Meeting, ACS: Washington, DC, 2006. 6. Ahn, H.; Choi, T. H.; De Castro, K.; Lee, K. C.; Kim, B.; Moon, B. S.; Hong, S. H.; Lee, J. C.; Chun, K. S.; Cheon, G. J.; Lim, S. M.; An, G. I.; Rhee, H. J. Med. Chem. 2007 , 50 , 6032. 7. Colacino, J. M. Antiviral Res. 1996 , 29 , 125. 8. Horn, D. M.; Neeb, L. A.; Colacino, J. M.; Richardson, F. C. Anti-viral Res. 1997 , 34 , 71. 9. Alauddin, M. M.; Conti, P. S.; Fissekis, J. D. J. Labelled Compd. Radiopharm. 2002 , 45 , 583.10. Alauddin, M. M.; Ghosh, P.; Gelovani, J. G. J. Labelled Compd. Radiopharm. 2006 , 49 , 1079.11. Samuelsson, L.; Langstrom, B. J. Labelled Compd. Radiopharm. 2003 , 46 , 263.12. Conti, P. S.; Alauddin, M. M.; Fissekis, J. D.; Watanabe, K. A. Nucl. Med. Biol. 1995 , 22 , 783.13. Sun, H.; Sloan. A.; Mangner, T. J.; Vaishampayan, U.; Muzik, O.; Collins, J. M.; Douglas, K.; Shields, A. F. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2005 , 32 , 15.14. Kim, E. J.; Hong, S. H.; Choi, T. H.; Lee, E. A.; Kim, K. M.; Lee, K. C.; An, G. I.; El-Gamal, M. I.; Cheon, G. J.; Choi, C. W.; Lim, S. M.

Synthesis of a new series of diarylureas and amides having pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine scaffold is described. Their in vitro antiproliferative activity against human melanoma cell line A375 and HS 27 human fibroblast cell line was tested and the effect of substituents on the pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine was investigated. The newly synthesized compounds, except meta-substituted derivatives (Ij-k and Iv-w), generally showed superior or similar activity against A375 to Sorafenib. Among all of these derivatives, compounds Ir and It having 5-benzylamide substituted 4'-amide moieties showed the most potent antiproliferative activity against A375.

Synthesis of a new series of diarylureas and amides having pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold is described. Their in vitro antiproliferative activities against A375 human melanoma cell line and HS 27 fibroblast cell line were tested and the effect of substituents on pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine was investigated. The newly synthesized compounds, except N-acetyl derivatives (Id, Ie, and Im), generally showed superior or similar activity against A375 to Sorafenib. Among all of these derivatives, compounds Iq and Ir having imidazole and morpholine moieties, respectively, showed the most potent antiproliferative activity against A375.

The synthesis of a new series of 1beta-methylcarbapenems having cyclic sulfonamide moieties is described. Their in-vitro antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested and the effect of a substituent on the pyrrolidine ring was investigated. One particular compound IIIe having a [1,2,5]thiadiazolidin 1,1-dioxide moiety showed the most potent antibacterial activity.

The synthesis of a new series of 1beta-methylcarbapenems having pyrrolidine and piperidine moieties is described. Their in-vitro antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested and the effect of substituents on the pyrrolidine ring was investigated. A particular compound III b having an oxime-pyrrolidine moiety showed the most potent antibacterial activity.

The synthesis of a new series of 1-methylcarbapenems having spiro[2,4]heptane moieties is described. Their in vitro antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested and the effect of substituents at the pyrrolidine ring was investigated. Most of the compounds were found to be more active compared to imipenem against Gram-negative bacteria. A particular compound (IIIc) having 7-oxo-5- azaspiro[2,4]heptane moiety showed the most potent antibacterial activity.

The objective of this study was to quantitatively estimate PM-10 source contribution in Gumi City, Korea. Ambient PM-10 samples were collected by a high volume air sampler, which operated for 84 different days with a 24-h sampling basis, from June 14,2001 though May 19, 2003. The filter samples were analyzed for determining 13 inorganic elements, 3 anions, and a total carbon. The study has intensively applied a receptor model, the PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) model. The results from PMF modeling indicated that a total of seven sources were independently identified and each source was contributed to the ambient Gumi City from secondary sulfate (34%), motor vehicle (26%), soil relation (5%), field burning (3%), industrial relation (3%), secondary nitrate (22%), and incinration (7%) in terms of PM-10 mass, respectively.

L-[ 18 F]FMAU ([ 18 F]1b) was prepared from the precursor 2-O-[(trifluoromethyl)-sulfonyl]-1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-α-L-ribofuranose, by coupling the radioactive fluoro-sugar with the corresponding silylated thymine in 4 steps. The final products, including the α and β anomers, were purified using reverse phase HPLC with an appropriate solvent (5% CH 3 CN/H 2 O) at a flow rate of 3.0 mL/min. The total elapsed time of synthesis was about 180-200 min from EOB. The α/βanomeric ratio of the compounds was about 1:9, and the radiochemical purity of the product (/?-form) was >98% with decay-corrected yields of 25-35%. All radioactive samples were confirmed using co-injection with pure non-radioactive analogues in every step. In the cellular uptake in vitro test of herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) gene expressed cells, the percent uptake of injected dose (%ID) of L- and D-FMAU was 37.28 and 65.86, respectively after 240 min incubation. However, the relative uptake (MCA-TK/MCA cellular uptake ratio) of L-FMAU was higher than that of D-FMAU (%ID of L-FMAU, 0.36 and D-FMAU, 0.93 after 240 min incubation in MCA cells). This means that L-FMAU will show better specific HSV1-TK gene expressed cell uptake for selective HSV1-TK gene imaging.

The synthesis of a new series of 1β-methylcarbapenems having cyclic sulfonamide moieties is described. Their in vitro antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested and the effect of substituent on the pyrrolidine ring was investigated. A particular compound (IIIi) having 2-methyl-[1,2,6]thiadiazinan-1,1-dioxide moiety showed the most potent antibacterial activity.

We obtained fline = (351, 721, 960, 559 39) kHz, kappa = 1, as the absolute frequency of F = 4 rarr F' = 5 transition of cesium D2 line by measuring the frequency of an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) locked to the center of the line with frequency modulation transfer technique. The frequency of ECDL was measured by an optical frequency synthesizer based on a 1-GHz femtosecond laser system linked to the hydrogen maser. To increase the S/N ratio of the beat note signal, a distributed Bragg reflector laser was injection locked to one of the optical comb components

The synthesis of a new series of 1β-methylcarbapenems having methoxyimine and substituted sulfonamide moieties is described. Their in vitro antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested and the effect of substituents on the pyrrolidine ring was investigated. A particular compound ( IIIc ) having methylaminosulfonamide moiety showed the most potent antibacterial activity.

We report on the development of 2015-nm single-frequency Thulium-doped fiber amplifiers. The average output power is 85 W, and the slope efficiency is 54%. The laser linewidth is 20 MHz.

There have been several studies on gallbladder carcinogenesis, and mutations of the KRAS, TP53, and CDKN2A genes have been reported in gallbladder carcinoma. The DBC1 gene (deleted in breast cancer 1) was initially cloned from region 8p21, which was homozygously deleted in breast cancer. DBC1 has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and death. The functional role of DBC1 in normal cells and the role of DBC1 loss in cancer are not entirely clear. And DBC1 expression and its clinical implications in gallbladder carcinoma have yet to be thoroughly elucidated. Therefore, we evaluated DBC1 expression in 104 gallbladder carcinoma tissues in relation to survival and other prognostic factors via immunohistochemical analysis. DBC1 expression was divided into two categories: high DBC1 expression was observed in 32/104 cases (30.8%) and low expression in 72/104 cases (69.2%). High DBC1 expression correlated significantly with favorable clinicopathologic variables. Furthermore, in survival analysis, the high-DBC1 expression group showed a better survival rate compared to the low-DBC1 expression group. In conclusion, high DBC1 expression is associated with several favorable clinicopathologic factors in gallbladder carcinoma. These findings suggest that loss of DBC1 expression plays a role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in gallbladder carcinoma.

To develop a potent form of NF-kB inhibitors, β-turn peptidomimetics with a new scaffold (1), as shown in Figure 1 were designed. Previously, we reported the synthesis and structureactivity relationships of new 1,6,8-trisubstituted tetrahydro2H-pyrazino[1,2-a] pyrimidin-4,7-dione derivatives to find the correlation between the polarity of the C-6 substituent and the inhibitory activity. However, we failed to introduce the carboxylic acid group at the C-6 position by solid phase method. In this study, to investigate the effect of the carboxylic acid moiety at C-6 position of the bicyclic ring, bicyclic β-turn mimetics 7a-g were synthesized using solution phase, and their NF-kB inhibitory activities are discussed.

We present experimental and theoretical differential cross sections for elastic electron scattering from xenon. Two independent measurements were carried out at (1) Chungnam National University for incident electron energies of 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 eV and scattering angles from 10° up to 180° and (2) the Institute of Physics in Belgrade for incident electron energies of 20, 30 and 50 eV and scattering angles from 10° up to 150°. While these latter measurements do not cover the full angular range up to 180°, they still extend somewhat higher in scattering angle than previous measurements. It would appear that the theoretical treatment of intermediate energy elastic scattering from xenon is sensitive to the inclusion of absorption effects, particularly at backward scattering angles. This observation plus the previous results for the case of krypton indicates that the role of absorption is generally quite important for the rare gases.

The synthesis of a new series of 1 -methylcarbapenems having 5-(1,2-disubstituted ethyl)pyrrolidine moiety are described. Their in vitro antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested and the effect of substituents on the pyrrolidine ring was investigated. Among them, compound (IIIc) having 1-methoxyimino-2-hydroxyethyl moiety showed the most potent antibacterial activity.

The synthesis of a new series of 1beta-methylcarbapenems having cyclic thiourea moieties is described. Their in vitro antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested and the effect of substituent on the pyrrolidine ring was investigated. A particular compound (IIId) having piperazine thiourea moiety showed the most potent antibacterial activity.

Accepted: 2006-04-21, 資料番号: SA1000493000