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Linked Open Data (LOD) refers to guidelines for publishing and connecting structured data on the internet. Utilizing web technologies like HTTP, RDF, and URIs, Linked Data establishes entities across diverse domains and links them through categorized connections, thus forming a web of data readable by machines rather than humans. The LOD, often dubbed the Web of Linked Data, is an ever-expanding realm of information. Beyond mere data accumulation, the LOD methodology involves establishing connections between datasets. LODs and ontologies offer a universal solution that facilitates system interoperability, allowing for the sharing and utilizing shared information. However, since not all LODs employ the same ontologies, the use of diverse vocabularies and ontologies by organizations and communities across different fields to formalize entities and their relationships poses challenges to interoperability between different sets of LODs. When integrating LODs from various ontologies into a single entity, missing links may arise, leading to what we refer to as missing link scenarios. This paper examines multiple missing link scenarios primarily stemming from scattered ontologies across LODs. Subsequently, we propose feature- and graph-based methods for identifying missing links between LODs, significantly leveraging diverse ontologies. This research aims to provide a comprehensive review and introduce missing link management in LODs, which can facilitate the discovery of more valuable data by establishing connections with other datasets and enabling its more effective utilization through inference and semantic queries and rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ASBU Law Journal is the property of Social Sciences University of Ankara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Akofena is the property of Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article suggests we need to observe how French municipal libraries re-appropriate Twitter to maintain their mission and the relationship with their publics, particularly during the COVID-19 health crisis. The aim is to highlight how their speech towards their users is organized and structured on this platform. The aim of this study is to analyse, through hyperlink use, the complex articulation of logics, semiosis, postures, and issues which accompanies the communicational and mediational process which libraries have implemented during this time.

Currently, we very often deal on the Internet with the publication of links, so-called hyperlinks, that direct to the protected content. Posting hyperlinks on websites creates a possibility of accessing works. This issue is of crucial importance to the operation of the Internet because hyperlinks can be used in a way infringing copyright. Internet users are frequently unaware of the fact that their acts can infringe copyright to a work. We should pay attention to the fact that posting hyperlinks to websites containing works protected by copyright evokes doubts as to the qualification thereof coming to the question if every posting of the hyperlink should be treated as using the work or is there any additional criteria that should be fulfilled. For this reason, national courts make requests to the Court of Justice of the European Union for a preliminary ruling about the content of copyright law. What is more, the member states’ national courts have to settle cases of complex factual circumstances concerning communication of digital content to the public. This caused the need for a closer look at the publication of a hyperlink guiding to the page containing the copyrighted work as communication to the public and verification of accordance to the law referring to communication to the public on the Internet with jurisprudence practice. The main target of the consideration is an attempt to answer the question whether the publication of a hyperlink on a website leading to a protected work constitutes communication to the public. To answer this question, the article analyzes the rulings of the Court of Justice of the European Union, national courts of the EU Member States and Polish courts as well as doctrine representatives’ opinions. On this foundation, the distinct elements concerning the publication of a hyperlink on a website within the context of communication to the public have been indicated.

The sudden shift of learning modality from faceto-face to blended learning has created academic stress among learners. This was because the Department of Education has decided to continue its efforts in providing education despite the current pandemic the world is facing. Deped Order No. 12 s. 2020 [1] also referred as "Adoption of the Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan for SY 2020-2021 in Light of Public Health Emergency" was implemented last October 2020. As a response towards BELCP of DepEd, the Schools Division Office-Mandaluyong declared a memorandum [2] that the division adopts the blended learning modality which is a combination of online distance learning and modular learning strategy. Under online distance learning modality are options to use google meet, zoom, Microsoft teams and messenger classroom in conducting synchronous classes. In connection to these modalities, research teachers have tried out most of the strategies given to have a depth discussion of research writing among students. Often the most heard reaction among students is the lack of collaboration among group members since they are not allowed to have face-to-face interaction due to the situation at hand. This study is aimed at determining the impacts of Hyperdocs (a compound word from hyperlink and google docs) on research writing skills among learners. Utilizing Hyperdocs, results of this study indicated significant improvement of research writing skills and fostered collaborative sessions among respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conflict between the search engine and the news media industries has become a fierce dispute. News media companies produce news content and receive advertising and subscription fees, however, search engines that select and place content that they did not create themselves do not pay copyright fees, depending on the situation. We focused on search engines that use two hyperlink methods (external links vs. internal links) to deliver news content to consumers and analyzed how the two hyperlink methods affect the technical efficiency of media companies. Still, there have been few empirical studies on the performance efficiency of news media companies depending on how search engines provide news content. Analyzing by meta-frontier production function, the result shows when news services are provided through internal links, media companies are strongly constrained under the influence of search engines regardless of the companies' size, financial status, and reputation. However, if a media company can provide a suitable user interface and high-quality content to consumers, the external link strategy can be competitive with the internal link strategy. The result of this study can be a starting point for resolving conflicts between search engines and the media industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Umm Al-Qura University Journal for Languages & Literature is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Why hasn’t democracy been promoted by nor ICT been controlled by democratic governance? To answer this question, this research begins its investigation by comparing knowledge acquisition systems throughout history: orality, literacy, hyperlink, and hyperlead. “Hyperlead” is a newly coined concept to emphasize the passivity of people when achieving knowledge and information via algorithmic recommendation technologies. Subsequently, the four systems are compared in terms of their epistemological characteristics and political implications. It is argued that, while literacy and hyperlink contributed to the furthering of democracy, hyperlead poses a fundamental challenge to it, undermining human autonomy to make decisions and aggravating vertical and lateral polarizations. In addition, the similarity between orality and hyperlead is addressed. Finally, suggestions to improve or to advert the current trend are provided. What happened during the transition period from orality to literacy and subsequently to hyperlink could be a reference for an alternative to hyperlead. Some technical adjustments and appropriate regulations requiring more transparency in algorithmic recommendation systems would help us to overcome hyperlead and preserve human autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the vast field of conspiracy theories by focusing on the example of conspiracy theories related to vaccine hesitancy. Conspiracy theories have been with us for a long time, and as any other type of semantic content they spread by travelling through media. Therefore, if one wants to understand how conspiracy theories proliferate, it is relevant to investigate the media roads by which they travel and that each offer different opportunities for establishing connections. It is obvious that within the last three decades the advent of digital media has opened up new road systems to support conspiracy theories' getting around. This article focuses on one such road system, the World Wide Web, and how the hyperlink networks on the Danish web related to conspiracy theories and vaccine hesitancy have developed from 2006 to 2015. The article aims at (1) contributing to the development of methods that enables such a study, and (2) providing results about how these hyperlink networks have developed. The network analysis reveals that the potential exchange of ideas about vaccination between experts and non-experts is not facilitated by the media material structures in either of the years, since almost no links exist between the two actor types, at least not on the physical performative level of hyperlinks. Experts are connected, but non-experts as a whole tend to function as an archipelago of isolated islands—isolated from the experts, and by and large isolated from each other. This tendency has remained almost the same throughout the investigated period. News media that one could expect to function as brokers connecting experts and non-experts are not particularly well-connected in the network and apparently do not mediate between actor types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents some insights on the special hypertext: in-text advertising. The author draws from her research on electronic hypertext. The way they dealt with the construction of nodal sites, resources, and text coherence nonlinear terms of the perception of a homogeneous non-linear style of the text. Intext is characterized as a conglomerate of texts with quite different target. Coherence of and cohesion of the original text is disturbed by highlighting the trigger words. Text ads can be easily activated - just zoom cursor. The address is then exposed to Information unrelated to the text that a Web page opened. Information technology is not so advanced as to avoid absurd connections with shape homonymy, polysemy wrong, ethical textual errors. It is noted that the idea of hypertext as non-linear arrangement of information, which goes toward divergent thinking is exploited by intext advertising.

Copyright of ESSACHESS is the property of ESSACHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the issues of decreasing spatial resolution and feature loss caused by pooling operation in depth CNN-based hyperspectral image classification algorithm,a bilateral fusion block network （DFBN）composed of bilateral fusion blocks was designed.The upper structure of bilateral fusion block was constituted by 1×1 convolution and hyperlink,which was used to transfer local spatial characteristics.The lower structure was constituted by pooling layer,convolutional layer,deconvolution layer and upsampling to enhance the characteristics of efficient discrimination.Experimental results on three benchmark hyperspectral image data sets illustrate that the model is superior to other similar classification models.

The article is devoted to the referential relations between the author’s text and Internet resources in modern hypertext poetry. The relevance of the research is related to the general interest of philology in intermediate phenomena, the increasing role of Internet communication in poetic discourse, and the introduction of elements of digital culture into the poetic language. The novelty is seen in the appeal to currently little-studied non-utilitarian hypertext works. Aspects of research of referential relations between a verbal text and network resources in relation to a literary text are defined. The research material was poems, cycles of poems, books of modern poets that contain links that the reader can use to make the transition to the continuation / addition of the text on the Internet. The following aspects of the analysis are highlighted: the location and form of the hyperlink, the range of the hypertext “jump,” the type and genre of the media “target,” the state of the resource to which the link leads, the degree of immersion of the recipient in the hypertext structure. Examples of implementation of hypertext transitions are analyzed, conclusions are drawn about the expressive possibilities of hyperlink organization of works of poetic discourse.

The conflict between the search engine and the news media industries has become a fierce dispute. News media companies produce news content and receive advertising and subscription fees, however, search engines that select and place content that they did not create themselves do not pay copyright fees, depending on the situation. We focused on search engines that use two hyperlink methods (external links vs. internal links) to deliver news content to consumers and analyzed how the two hyperlink methods affect the technical efficiency of media companies. Still, there have been few empirical studies on the performance efficiency of news media companies depending on how search engines provide news content. Analyzing by meta-frontier production function, the result shows when news services are provided through internal links, media companies are strongly constrained under the influence of search engines regardless of the companies’ size, financial status, and reputation. However, if a media company can provide a suitable user interface and high-quality content to consumers, the external link strategy can be competitive with the internal link strategy. The result of this study can be a starting point for resolving conflicts between search engines and the media industry.

The subject of my paper is the analysis of the exclusive right of communication to the public—from the point of view of the CJEU jurisprudence. Therefore, I touch upon problems related to the most significant elements of public communication abstracted from the judgments of the CJEU. In my considerations, I analyse such issues as the concept of "the act of communication to the public," the so‐called "new public," issues of a profit‐making nature of communication to the public, the mental aspect of public communication and, finally, the question of the hyperlink. My study is critical and is not only intended to present the position of the CJEU. It aims to demonstrate that legislative changes are necessary in the EU directives on copyright and related rights. Otherwise, the CJEU itself will become such a legislator, which may eventually even destabilize the copyright system. CJEU judgments are only random decisions in specific cases, and not comprehensive solutions necessary to introduce new regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the study of the features of the news microblog as a special type of a hypertext and its speech impact on the recipient. Such phenomena as speech influence and speech manipulation in mass media communication are considered. The article examines hypertextuality as a distinctive characteristic feature of online publications. The non-linear (the text has a mosaic structure) and linear (the text has a clear sequential structure) character of information presentation is emphasized. A hyperlink is considered as the main element of the structure of a hypertext, a connecting link between its fragments. It is concluded that the information presented in the form of hyperlinks may be the subjective point of view of the author and may have a manipulative nature.

The article deals with the intertextual theory in the mass media. It provides an hyperlink definition, analyses hyperlinked intertexts in the Portuguese media written news internet discourse, gives its basic pragmatic functions.

Attempts to map the global sport for development and peace field have revealed only some aspects of its complex organisational structure, failing to depict the web of relations in which diverse stakeholders are embedded. Based on the principles of complex systems, this study applies a communication network perspective and the analytical instruments of hyperlink network analysis to advance mapping sport for development and peace complexity and to reveal the significance of the stakeholders' structure for power relations, cohesion and leadership processes in the sport for development and peace field. The research extends the current mapping by depicting an international network of 520 organisations and 2279 links. The stakeholders differ according to the level of involvement in sport for development and peace practice, the field of main activities, and origins (the global North and South). The density of the network is extremely sparse, which means that less than 1% of all possible ties are realised. Furthermore, it ratifies the leading role of the global North in sport for development and peace efforts. Findings also disclose difficulties in establishing relations between delivery organisations that can be attributed to competitive context and shortage of resources. The study provides clarification of existing power relations and helps to find development strategies and a more inclusive and equitable policy formulation aimed to create equal opportunities for leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Laboratorio is the property of Universidad Diego Portales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research evaluates the effectiveness of using electronic textbooks in educational process compared to printed publications. The advantages and disadvantages of introducing e-textbooks in higher education institutions are determined. The problems that students face while working with e-textbooks are outlined. Based on the literature analysis, the authors claim that e-textbooks are more convenient and are being increasingly used in the educational process. A standardised questionnaire including 17 questions was developed by authors to determine students’ and teachers’ perceptions of using e- textbooks in educational process. Data analysis tools comprise the methods of mathematical and descriptive statistics. According to the survey, users want to get cheap but high-quality e-textbooks, with a high level of production, without errors, and with completeness of information. The price and the quality play a crucial role in decision making. Also, the criterion of e-textbooks friendliness is of great importance, including ease of search, the ability to navigate by hyperlinks, and adaptive layout for different devices. The problem of standardisation of e-textbooks may be the subject of further research and practical development.

E-learning represents an educational system which provides information in electronic format. Nowadays, doctors and medical students can easily access scientific information by using new e-learning methods, as there are multiple multimedia formats that facilitate their development. From handbooks to the most recent research results, e-learning incorporates the whole content of medical information. The content can be visualized on a computer screen and other electronic devices such as laptops, tablets or mobile phones. Another advantage of the electronic learning method is the fact that hyperlinks can be provided. These connections enable the user to access another site where expressions and medical concepts are defined. With the development of technology, handbooks can be improved by attaching a hyperlink to a video of a patient with a specific pathology (such as flapping tremor), an x-ray that shows a fracture when hovering the mouse over it or a movie of the gastrointestinal absorption. Additionally, the virtual patient appeared as an educational method in medicine, which presents clinical cases through movies of medical consultations, doctor-patient conversations or written notes with images that show characteristic aspects of a case. Moreover, medical students and young doctors often lack rare pathologies in their practice. Thus, e-learning methods play an important role in the studying process, especially when a particular disease cannot be observed during clinical practice. Many authors tried to show the benefits of electronic learning in parallel with conventional methods. However, even if e-learning in medical education grants effectiveness, this method does not surpass conventional learning, which is characterized by doctor-patient interaction as in integral part of developing clinical judgement. The aim of this paper was to summarize the literature data on the development of e-learning methods used in medicine by students and medical doctors.

Copyright of Journal on Communication / Tongxin Xuebao is the property of Journal on Communications Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

E-learning represents an educational system which provides information in electronic format. Nowadays, doctors and medical students can easily access scientific information by using new e-learning methods, as there are multiple multimedia formats that facilitate their development. From handbooks to the most recent research results, e-learning incorporates the whole content of medical information. The content can be visualized on a computer screen and other electronic devices such as laptops, tablets or mobile phones. Another advantage of the electronic learning method is the fact that hyperlinks can be provided. These connections enable the user to access another site where expressions and medical concepts are defined. With the development of technology, handbooks can be improved by attaching a hyperlink to a video of a patient with a specific pathology (such as flapping tremor), an x-ray that shows a fracture when hovering the mouse over it or a movie of the gastrointestinal absorption. Additionally, the virtual patient appeared as an educational method in medicine, which presents clinical cases through movies of medical consultations, doctor-patient conversations or written notes with images that show characteristic aspects of a case. Moreover, medical students and young doctors often lack rare pathologies in their practice. Thus, e-learning methods play an important role in the studying process, especially when a particular disease cannot be observed during clinical practice. Many authors tried to show the benefits of electronic learning in parallel with conventional methods. However, even if e-learning in medical education grants effectiveness, this method does not surpass conventional learning, which is characterized by doctor-patient interaction as in integral part of developing clinical judgement. The aim of this paper was to summarize the literature data on the development of e-learning methods used in medicine by students and medical doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study looks at the implementation of a GIS - Based Property Tax Information Management System to solve the problem of low internally generated revenue. It also considers the appropriateness of high-resolution satellite image in generating property information in the absence of land registry record. Building characteristics needed for property valuation that could not be derived from high resolution satellite were collected from property owners using structured questionnaire. GPS coordinate points of sampled properties, property documents and property owners’ photographs were hyperlink. The field-generated data, satellite derived data and Valuation model were combined in a GIS environment to automate property tax assessment procedure. Result indicates that Computer Assisted Mass Appraiser (CAMA) method used in property tax determination is efficient and effective and can greatly improve service delivery in property tax administration.

This paper presents a novel approach that can detect phishing attack by analysing the hyperlinks found in the HTML source code of the website. The proposed approach incorporates various new outstanding hyperlink specific features to detect phishing attack. The proposed approach has divided the hyperlink specific features into 12 different categories and used these features to train the machine learning algorithms. We have evaluated the performance of our proposed phishing detection approach on various classification algorithms using the phishing and non-phishing websites dataset. The proposed approach is an entirely client-side solution, and does not require any services from the third party. Moreover, the proposed approach is language independent and it can detect the website written in any textual language. Compared to other methods, the proposed approach has relatively high accuracy in detection of phishing websites as it achieved more than 98.4% accuracy on logistic regression classifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the film "Syriana," directed by Stephen Gaghan. Topics mentioned include the depiction of Islamophobia, the concept of orientalism, the comparison of the diversity of the Arab and Muslim characters, the definition of the Hollywood stereotype on the Middle East films, and the psychological effect of the film's engagement with top-down politics.

Communication based on hypertext will be successful if the communicative intention of the author is effectively implemented on a web page and thus perceived by the reader. Communication failure is characterized by some failure in the interaction between an author and a reader of hypertext, which does not allow a website author to achieve their strategic goal. The ergonomic principle of linguistic units' selection in the hypertext composition involves the allocation of a gipotext (minimum block or cut text that contains a complete thought, logically complete idea, saying, etc.), network communications and navigation systems. The multidimensional concept of hypertext expands it to media text and emphasizes its polycode, creolization and multimedia components. The rete principle is based on user participation in the process of computer-mediated communication to make some pragmatic steps on the website. Pedagogical principles of effective representation of hypertext educational material explore the characteristics of the educational information, tailored especially the perception of its trainees, as well as the types of thinking learners. The studied technology and design principles of creating an effective website based on the optimization of its structure, particularly hypertext. Structural, associative and additional hyperlinks form a communicative component of the website and set the relations between texts (interetextuality, transtextuality, paratextuality or hypertrextuality). The traditional hierarchy of participants in computer-mediated communication (writing – reading, individual – collective authorship) is changing. These changes are most evident in the projects of the collective accumulation of knowledge (encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books). Professional SEOcopywriting successfully solves the communication problem by optimizing the hypertext content of the website on the stages of its development and subsequent editing.

The article deals with methodical issues of development of the training materials automated base for conducting classes using a specialized simulator.

The web graph is the most common mathematical model of a website. Constructing a web graph of a real site requires data about the structure of that site: html-pages and/or documents in the site (in particular, data about URLs of web resources) and hyperlinks linking them. Web servers often use pseudonyms and redirections. They also generate the same pages dynamically via different URL requests. This raises a problem in which there are various URLs but with the same content. Thus, we can get a web graph in which some of its vertices correspond to pages of a site with the same content. The paper describes a crawler called RCCrawler that collects information about websites to build the web graphs of these sites. This crawler largely addresses the above problem as confirmed by a series of experiments conducted.