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Background: In the investigation of sexual assault cases, a standard practice involves examining female genitalia to identify injuries. The majority of research was done to examine findings in the child age group, but very little research was done on the adult age group. There is a need for guidelines to follow for the interpretation of adult female findings as they hold the same significance as in children. The Dammam Forensic Medicine Center conducted a retrospective chart review study in the period from 2014 to 2021 to examine adult female genital findings utilizing photographic documentation. Results: One hundred sixty-three cases involving adults between the ages of 18 and 52 were examined. Cases were divided into two groups to focus on hymenal findings that fell in the class of no expert consensus. The first group included self-defined virgins, who denied having ever experienced vaginal penetration in their entire lives, including the reported incidence, which represented 38 cases. The rest of the cases had at least a single incident of vaginal penetration. The normal genitourinary findings were found comparable to those in the child age group. All of the participants who showed notches or clefts, below the 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock location, which extends nearly to the base of the hymen, but is not a complete transection belonged to the group with a history of vaginal penetration. The three participants who showed a notch or a cleft in the hymen rim at 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock which extends nearly to the base of the hymen, but is not a complete transection belonged to the same group. Conclusions: Findings that lack expert consensus in the child age group are likely the result of injury in the study participants. This result gives valuable information on genital findings in self-identified virgin adult females, which can be utilized in conjunction with other studies to establish standards for the assessment of cases of alleged sexual assault in adult females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background In the investigation of sexual assault cases, a standard practice involves examining female genitalia to identify injuries. The majority of research was done to examine findings in the child age group, but very little research was done on the adult age group. There is a need for guidelines to follow for the interpretation of adult female findings as they hold the same significance as in children. The Dammam Forensic Medicine Center conducted a retrospective chart review study in the period from 2014 to 2021 to examine adult female genital findings utilizing photographic documentation. Results One hundred sixty-three cases involving adults between the ages of 18 and 52 were examined. Cases were divided into two groups to focus on hymenal findings that fell in the class of no expert consensus. The first group included self-defined virgins, who denied having ever experienced vaginal penetration in their entire lives, including the reported incidence, which represented 38 cases. The rest of the cases had at least a single incident of vaginal penetration. The normal genitourinary findings were found comparable to those in the child age group. All of the participants who showed notches or clefts, below the 3 o’clock or 9 o’clock location, which extends nearly to the base of the hymen, but is not a complete transection belonged to the group with a history of vaginal penetration. The three participants who showed a notch or a cleft in the hymen rim at 3 o’clock or 9 o’clock which extends nearly to the base of the hymen, but is not a complete transection belonged to the same group. Conclusions Findings that lack expert consensus in the child age group are likely the result of injury in the study participants. This result gives valuable information on genital findings in self-identified virgin adult females, which can be utilized in conjunction with other studies to establish standards for the assessment of cases of alleged sexual assault in adult females.

Virginity in Judaism is a matter of both legal and community concern. But the determination of virginity and the conclusive understanding of its signs is often elusive. This is in part because female subjectivity and testimony are discounted as methods of determining women's sexual history. This article examines a passage in the Babylonian Talmud (B. Niddah 64b–65b) in which the difficulties surrounding defining virginity come to the forefront. It considers the epistemological and legal implications of a system which depends upon the ability to determine female virginity, but is confronted with the difficulty, and sometimes impossibility, of doing so with certainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although virginity is not a medical term and is instead socially constructed, it remains unknown what medical providers believe about the biological basis of virginity. This study explored providers' and medical students' beliefs about virginity and the potential impact of such beliefs on healthcare. This was a concurrent mixed-method survey study of 124 medical students and 216 healthcare providers (Registered Nurse, Physician Assistant, Nurse Practitioner, and Doctor of Medicine) at Penn State Health and The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine. Participants rated their level of agreement with common misconceptions about virginity on a six-point Likert scale. Open-ended questions gave respondents the opportunity to define virginity and to describe terms like virgin and virginal in the context of sexual experience and the medical lexicon. We identified common themes in the qualitative data using thematic analysis. Frequencies of misconceptions and statistically significant demographic associations were identified in the quantitative data. Definitions of virginity were varied and vague, most with negative connotations. A majority of respondents said that virginity has no biological basis. Many participants identified downsides to use of terms like virgin, virginity, and virginal in medicine. The most prevalent misconceptions about virginity were related to the hymen. Seventeen percent of students and 26% of providers at least somewhat agreed that it was possible to determine whether a person has engaged in vaginal intercourse through a gynecological exam. Misconceptions about virginity persist in medicine and bias, even if unintended, may impact the quality-of-care people with vaginas receive. Language around sexual health should be specific, inclusive, clinically relevant, and free from judgment. Medical education must continue to work to eliminate the concept of a biological basis to virginity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:It was aimed to reveal the limitations of different structural features of hymen in determining whether there is a sexual intercourse or vaginal sexualassault/abuse and the importance of the other physical examination findings of the genital region, general physical examination and psychological examination findings on creating idea about whether the incident has happened or not, while evaluating this issue.Methods:Between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018, 121 cases of sexual abuse and sexual assaul twhich were genitally examined in the Forensic Medicine Department of Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine were analyzed retrospectively. For statistical analysis, the SPSS version 22.0 program was used.Results:In the first examination, the rate of detecting physical findings in the genital area, physical findings other than genital areas were determined as 8.3%, 28.9%, respectively, and also a psychiatric finding was observed in 47.1% of thecases. In regressional analysis; the risk of developing psychiatric symptoms is 3.8 times higher in the group with the claim compared to the group without penetration claim, and according to the results of the genital examination, it was found 8.2 times higher in the group with acute rupture (p

Abstract Background Obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) is concerned with both fetal and maternal wellbeing with doubled professional responsibilities. Also, OB/GYN specialists are engaged in management of medicolegal cases (MLC). This study had an in-depth look at handling of MLC by obstetricians and gynecologists in Egypt. Also, influence of religious and cultural norms on OB/GYN practice was investigated. Methods A questionnaire was formulated in compliance with literature and modulated according to religious and cultural background. Results Responses were received from practitioners in 19 governorates. 28% of respondents were accused of malpractice. 87.3% of participants denoted increasing rate of litigations over last years. The commonest mentioned error is intra-operative problems (60%), whereas the commonest harm is neonatal deaths (46.7%). The mean participants' awareness score regarding elements of malpractice was 1.49 ± 0.76 (maximum possible score is 4). 18.7% of respondents managed cases of sexual assaults and premarital sexual relations. Hymen repair is not justified by 53.3% of participants. Termination of pregnancy before 16 weeks without medical indication is unaccepted by 96.7% of participants. The mean participants' awareness score regarding precautions of therapeutic abortion was 3.34 ± 1.63 (maximum possible score is 5). Conclusions OB/GYN specialists are at high risk of accusation with inadequate measures to guard against malpractice claims in Egypt. High controversy among respondents regarding management of cases with premarital sexual acts and termination of pregnancy was elucidated.

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The virginity test in the wedding bed is a widespread custom in many cultures and Sri Lanka is no exception. Wedding night virginity testing among Muslim community is camouflaged and masked but prevails. As a result, this study was created to investigate the significance, explanations, relevance, and reasoning for the Muslim marital virginity test as a marriage custom. This study is wholly qualitative. In order to gather data, nine cases were studied in-depth using the snowball sampling technique. One focus group discussion and five key informant interviews were done. The study has shown that the entire virginity test for the bridal bed is a pointless, damaging, humiliating, and unfair practice. The concept of hymenoplasty is barely understood by respondents. Several terms are used to describe virginity tests, such as potti odakkiya (cracking box), pon kulippaattal (bride bathing), etc. The celebration of the virginity test is marked with a breakfast feast, gifts such as gold jewelry, etc. The wedding bed virginity test has been viewed as a harmful habit, encouraging feelings of inferiority and decreasing self-worthiness. Despite gender inequalities, it was proposed that the community at large be educated about the unreliability of wedding bed virginity tests. This study fills a research gap and contributes much-needed empirical data to the academic world by providing an explanatory review on the wedding bed virginity test among Sri Lankan Muslims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) is concerned with both fetal and maternal wellbeing with doubled professional responsibilities. Also, OB/GYN specialists are engaged in management of medicolegal cases (MLC). This study had an in-depth look at handling of MLC by obstetricians and gynecologists in Egypt. Also, influence of religious and cultural norms on OB/GYN practice was investigated. Methods: A questionnaire was formulated in compliance with literature and modulated according to religious and cultural background. Results: Responses were received from practitioners in 19 governorates. 28% of respondents were accused of malpractice. 87.3% of participants denoted increasing rate of litigations over last years. The commonest mentioned error is intra-operative problems (60%), whereas the commonest harm is neonatal deaths (46.7%). The mean participants' awareness score regarding elements of malpractice was 1.49 ± 0.76 (maximum possible score is 4). 18.7% of respondents managed cases of sexual assaults and premarital sexual relations. Hymen repair is not justified by 53.3% of participants. Termination of pregnancy before 16 weeks without medical indication is unaccepted by 96.7% of participants. The mean participants' awareness score regarding precautions of therapeutic abortion was 3.34 ± 1.63 (maximum possible score is 5). Conclusions: OB/GYN specialists are at high risk of accusation with inadequate measures to guard against malpractice claims in Egypt. High controversy among respondents regarding management of cases with premarital sexual acts and termination of pregnancy was elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Himen varyasyonları değişik şekil ve boyutlarda olup kadınlar tarafından genellikle ergenliğe giriş ile fark edilirler. Bu olguda septat himen’e sahip olduğu daha önceden fark edilmemesi sebebiyle cinsel ilişkiye girememe şikâyeti ile başvuran 23 yaşındaki kadın hasta anlatılacaktır. Bu olgu sunumunun amacı nadir görülen bu himen varyasyonuna ve cinsel disfonksiyon şikâyeti ile gelen yetişkin kadın hastaların ayırıcı tanısının yapılmasına dikkat çekmektir.

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In Terminologia Anatomica the term hymen is identified with the number 3530. It is a small membranous tissue that normally occupies a part of the external vaginal opening in women. The relevance of the term hymen has been scarcely addressed in the literature of the anatomical terminology field. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze this term, verify its etymology and functionality, and determine how it has been considered in certain cultural clinical and legal aspects. The term hymen comes from the Latin hymen, borrowed from the Greek hymḗn ὑμήν, which means membrane. With the general value of any membrane, it was used in Greece from the 5th century BC, however, through a phenomenon of Latin specialization, from the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, the term was used applying its current meaning. Its origin comes from the name of the Greek god of marriage called Hymenaeus, which links the term to an eponym and a myth at the same time. Despite the above, we believe that its conservation in Terminologia Anatomica could be due to its long history, even though there may be better options to name this structure. The hymen does not have a known biological function, however, it has been highly valued at a cultural, clinical and legal level, in which the physical examination has determined conclusions about the sexual history of women and girls even when the evidence shows that it is not an accurate or reliable proof of sexual activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fenerbahce University Journal of Health Sciences (FBU-JOSH) / Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Fenerbahce University Journal of Health Sciences (FBU-JOSH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: The aims of the study were to evaluate the knowledge and practice of hymenoplasty among gynaecologists in Egypt.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2020, in which a self-administered questionnaire was completed by 120 gynaecologists at private clinics and hospitals in Ismailia, Egypt. The questionnaire consisted of 19 items relating to participants' sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and practice of hymenoplasty.Results: Eighty-eight (73.3%) participants were not able to give an accurate definition of the hymen; furthermore, 65 (54.2%) were not aware of the different types of hymen. Forty-nine (40.8%) participants were able to define hymenoplasty and 39 (32.5%) knew the different hymenoplasty procedures. Hymenoplasty had been performed by 35 (29.2%) participants. Of these, 26 (74.3%) had carried out the procedure in a private clinic; the median annual number of procedures performed was four. Only two (5.7%) participants reported the occurrence of complications during the procedure. There were no sociodemographic differences between gynaecologists who had and had not performed hymenoplasty.Conclusion: There is a lack of sufficient knowledge about hymenoplasty among Egyptian gynaecologists; nevertheless, it continues to be practised in private clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virginity is the nullity of sexual experience in females. However, the use of virginity testing as proof of previous involvement in sexual relations is dependent on having an intact hymen, which refers to a hymen with no signs of previous penetrating injury. Although the quality of this evidence in questioned virginity is extremely poor and considered a violation of human rights, it still constitutes a major facet in medicolegal investigations of sexual assaults. This work evaluates virginity testing as currently practiced in many countries, including Egypt, in terms of medical and legal considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Justificación: la bibliografía sobre delitos sexuales en el periodo de dominación hispánica en América (1492-1821) es escasa, existiendo importantes vacíos historiográficos que dificultan la reconstrucción de un panorama general del proceso penal conducido en esa época, por lo que, investigar el peritaje conducido en los casos de violación es un primer paso para rastrear la evolución del tratamiento de esos casos en las instituciones judiciales. Objetivo: describir cómo se ejecutaba el peritaje forense en los casos de violación sucedidos en la Honduras previo a su independencia política de España. Metodología: se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo con un diseño exploratorio, utilizándose fuentes primarias que fueron seleccionadas mediante muestreo no probabilístico. Resultados: se logró identificar dos casos en los cuales se hizo recurso de peritos para confirmar una violación. En ambos las expertas tenían el oficio de partera, brindando declaraciones que reflejan una falta de preparación profesional y un conocimiento basado en la experiencia. Las declaraciones fueron transcritas conservándose la ortografía de la época y comentadas para ubicarlas en su contexto. Conclusión: en la Honduras de los años previos a la independencia se realizaba un peritaje forense en casos de violación basado en la experiencia laboral de los peritos y no en información científica o preparación académica, esto condujo a que los juicios de los expertos se vieran afectados por sus sesgos culturales.

Abstract Background Hidradenoma papilliferum is a rare benign neoplasm arising from apocrine glands. It occurs commonly on the anogenital region of middle-aged women. It usually presents as a slow growing, solitary asymptomatic, skin colored or red nodule less than 1 cm in diameter. Case presentation The case is a 38-year-old, white woman who presented with a painful nodule occurring within a month in the himenal region of the posterior vaginal introitus. The nodule was excisied and the histology revealed a hidradenoma papilliferum. The diagnosis and treatment of hidradenoma papilliferum is possible with surgical removal and histopathological evaluation of nodules. Conclusion When an adult woman presents with a noduler lesion in the anogenital area, sexually transmitted diseases and other benign and malignant vulvar lesions, as well as malignant transformation is very rare but,should be kept in mind; however because it has been reported and long-term clinical follow-up is suggested

Abstract: Female genital tract anomalies have important effects on reproductive function, and usually recognized after puberty. The membrane canalization process end to various hymenal forms. Microperforate hymen appears as a partial obstruction depending on its size. Most often, patient will present with menstrual disorders, dyspareunia, and infertility. The aim of this research was to report a case of spontaneous pregnancy in postoperative microperforated hymen in form of case report. A 27-year-old woman, P0A0, complained of pain during intercouse. Patient had been married for 1,5 years, had reguler menstrual cycles without any contraceptive method, but not conceived yet. Inspection showed an obstructed vaginal introitus with a small opening laterally at 3 o’clock, consistent witn microperforate hymen. During surgery, short vaginal introitus was observed and no vaginal canal was seen. A sound was inserted through a small opening of 1 mm in diameter laterally at 3 o'clock, followed by sufficient incision and excision of the distal vaginal tissue. Interrupted suture of the proximal and distal mucosa was performed. The vaginal portion as well as uterus appeared normal. Postoperative tissue healing was good. A spontaneous pregnancy occurred 56 days after the surgery and a healthy term baby was born by caesarean section. In the case of microperforated hymen, menstrual flow can be normal. The patient complained of dyspareunia or impaired sexual penetration leading to infertility, although the presence of a small opening may allow passage of sperm and spontaneous pregnancy may occur before the surgery. Surgery can reduce psychological stress and improve reproductive function, allowing pregnancy to occur. Keywords: Abstract: Female genital tract anomalies have important effects on reproductive function, and usually recognized after puberty. The membrane canalization process end to various hymenal forms. Microperforate hymen appears as a partial obstruction depending on its size. Most often, patient will present with menstrual disorders, dyspareunia, and infertility. The aim of this research was to report a case of spontaneous pregnancy in postoperative microperforated hymen in form of case report. A 27-year-old woman, P0A0, complained of pain during intercouse. Patient had been married for 1,5 years, had reguler menstrual cycles without any contraceptive method, but not conceived yet. Inspection showed an obstructed vaginal introitus with a small opening laterally at 3 o’clock, consistent witn microperforate hymen. During surgery, short vaginal introitus was observed and no vaginal canal was seen. A sound was inserted through a small opening of 1 mm in diameter laterally at 3 o'clock, followed by sufficient incision and excision of the distal vaginal tissue. Interrupted suture of the proximal and distal mucosa was performed. The vaginal portion as well as uterus appeared normal. Postoperative tissue healing was good. A spontaneous pregnancy occurred 56 days after the surgery and a healthy term baby was born by caesarean section. In the case of microperforated hymen, menstrual flow can be normal. The patient complained of dyspareunia or impaired sexual penetration leading to infertility, although the presence of a small opening may allow passage of sperm and spontaneous pregnancy may occur before the surgery. Surgery can reduce psychological stress and improve reproductive function, allowing pregnancy to occur. Keywords: hymen, microperforate, infertility, spontaneous pregnancy

Paediatricians may face the notion of 'virginity' in various situations while caring for children and adolescents, but are often poorly prepared to address this sensitive topic. Virginity is a social construct. Despite medical evidence that there is no scientifically reliable way to determine virginity, misconceptions about the hymen and its supposed association with sexual history persist and lead to unethical practices like virginity testing, certificate of virginity or hymenoplasty, which can be detrimental to the health and well‐being of females of all ages. The paediatrician has a crucial role in providing evidence‐based information and promoting positive sexual education to children, adolescents and parents. Improving knowledge can help counter misconceptions and reduce harms to girls and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to define and describe female genital anatomy, the changes that occur in the genitalia during growth and puberty, and during sexual response and intercourse. It elaborates the reasons for normal genital examination findings in most female children who have been sexually abused and explains why the absence of findings of genital trauma should not be used to challenge the credibility of the child's history of sexual abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Hymen imperforation is uncommon. Symptoms include primary amenorrhea, cyclical lower abdominal pain, and rarely a pelvic mass syndrome. Delayed discovery may lead to endometriosis and infertility. Pelvic ultrasound and nuclear magnetic resonance detect associated genito‐urinary malformations. Hymenectomy is the standard surgical treatment.

"Blood stained bed sheets" is considered as an index of virginity for the brides in most areas of Iran. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bleeding at the first intercourse in brides who claimed to be virgin in Kerman city, Kerman province, Iran. Practices of the grooms encountering lack of bleeding were investigated. Totally, 52.5% of the brides reported bleeding at the first penile-vaginal intercourse. Among the grooms who encountered no bleeding at the first intercourse, half of them had a violent reaction. Findings of the study revealed that valuing bleeding as a virginity index will damage the couple's relationship and sexual life of young brides, highlighting the need for more attention and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El himen es la membrana que cubre el introito vaginal, de tamaño y forma variable. Por su forma se clasifica en: anular, semilunar, labiado, tabicado, cribiforme e imperforado. Sin función biológica conocida, en la práctica de la Medicina Legal se utiliza como herramienta para determinar agresión sexual, aunque su valor tanto predictivo como indicativo, es controversial . Las fotografías A y B muestran himen septado vertical encontrado en dos pacientes evaluadas por agresión sexual en la clínica forense de la Paz, Honduras. El himen septado constituye una variante anatómica poco frecuente 1,2,4,5 y pese a que son escasas, las investigaciones realizadas en recién nacidas y en cadáveres de fetos para determinar las variantes anatómicas del himen, se encontró que la frecuencia del himen septado fue de 0.06% y 2% respectivamente. Pese a que la variante anatómica del himen no tiene implicaciones relevantes vinculadas a la evaluación forense, se requiere realizar más estudios para conocer la frecuencia de estas variantes, especialmente porque en nuestro país, la valoración de la integridad del himen, como indicativo de agresión sexual, aún es una herramienta válida en la rutina forense.

Imperforate hymen, though a congenital anomaly, usually presents late in puberty as lower abdominal pain, primary amenorrhea, and cyclical pain. Blood collects in vagina and uterus, proximal to imperforate hymen leading to their distention. Its presentation at infancy is a rare entity. We report such a rare case of symptomatic imperforate hymen in infancy, who presented with acute retention of urine, chills and rigor. Abdominal examination revealed an intra-abdominal mass in the lower abdomen and pelvis with the absence of vaginal opening on perineal examination. Contrast enhanced computed tomography abdomen showed large abdominopelvic cystic lesion posterior to the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum consistent with a highly distended vagina. She was managed by the incision of the imperforate hymen and drainage of the pus. A high index of suspicion is necessary whenever a female infant presents with abdomino-pelvic mass with symptoms of fever or urinary retention.

Examination of the female external genitalia to assess for sexual abuse is performed in living individuals, and the interpretation of the findings is based on evidence‐based studies. However, in the deceased, no such studies are available, and postmortem changes could present as suspicious findings that can be mistaken for trauma. Patches of discoloration in the hymen were reported previously in one case as hypostasis (i.e., livor and lividity), and based on this finding, it was listed as a finding that is not associated with trauma. This was a retrospective study that was conducted in the Center of Forensic and Legal Medicine in Dammam, Saudi Arabia over a 4‐year period. The study included 30 deceased women in whom photographic documentation of their external genitalia was assessed for postmortem changes. The postmortem interval ranged from less than 24 h to more than 100 days, and the ages of these deceased women were in the 20–40 year‐old age group. In cases where the hymen, vagina, and/or fossa navicularis were clearly visible, none of these areas showed any hypostatic discoloration. A comparison between antemortem and postmortem appearance of the hymen in one case clearly showed the absence of hypostatic changes in the hymen. In conclusion, any discoloration of the external genitalia that is detected in a female decedent requires serious consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrocolpos is a rare condition, clinically obvious at birth, or within the first few weeks of life and it appears as an abdominal mass associated with the absence or abnormality of the vaginal opening. A premature 25 days old female new-born was diagnosed with hematohydrohysterocolpos, imperforate hymen. After the surgery, the evolution is positive and the patient is released from the hospital in a good general state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:-Sexual assaults are inhuman crimes against individual as well as the whole society. This study was thus initiated to obtain statistical pattern of sexual assaults pertaining to analyze various aspects including socio-demography and victim assailant relation, other relevant factors. Materials and Method:- Inclusion Criteria :-all the victims/sexual offence survivors examined at SMS Medical College, Jaipur during 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018 Exclusion Criteria:- all the alleged cases of sexual offence whom consent could not be obtained. Results:- total 60 cases were studied. The mean age of the victims in present study was 20.98 years. 73.33% victims were from urban regions. 50% victims were educated. 70% victims in the present study were married. Most common place of commission of the crime was the victim's own home (46.67%). 43.34% victims reported within one week time period from the incidence. 88.33% victims were assaulted by a single person. 76.67% victims were assaulted by familiar persons. In 51.67% cases, the victim had been assaulted multiple times. In 85% cases, there was peno-vaginal intercourse. 71.67% cases had no injury in the present study. 3.33% victims got pregnant after the sexual assault. Conclusion:- Females of reproductive age group were the most common victims in the present study. Familiar persons committed the crime in most cases and victim's home was the most common site of occurrence. There was delayed reporting of the crime in most cases which was the main reason for loss of vital trace evidences. Suggestions:- Strict adherence to protocols for medical examination of victims of sexual assaults should be mandatory. Sex education should be provided to school students of teenage to increase awareness regarding medical and legal issues related to such events to increase the reporting of this crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To review presentations, diagnostic processes and time to diagnosis of presentations of imperforate hymen at one tertiary paediatric hospital over a 10-year period. The aim was to improve knowledge, enable targeted education and reduce unnecessary tests and diagnostic delay for this congenital obstructive disorder of the female reproductive tract.Methods: A pragmatic, retrospective, observational study was conducted of all female patients, aged younger than or equal to 18 years of age, presenting to the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, over an 18-year period. Presenting symptom(s), time to diagnosis, investigations ordered and number of health-care professionals consulted prior to diagnosis were recorded.Results: A total of 27 patients met eligibility criteria, and 85% presented with pain (23/27). Pain was frequently associated with other symptoms (15/23). Over three quarters of patients consulted more than one health-care professional prior to diagnosis (22/27). Of the 27 patients, 19 had imaging undertaken prior to diagnosis.Conclusions: Paediatric and adolescent females managed at our tertiary paediatric hospital are experiencing diagnostic uncertainty and the unnecessary ordering of imaging prior to a diagnosis of imperforate hymen. Targeted education is recommended to health professionals managing female paediatric and adolescent patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term "Virginity" has been defined in two senses: being 'chaste'1, that is, not having had sexual intercourse; and the other definition pertaining to the presence of hymen- a piece of tissue surrounding the vagina. For a thin, (barely 1mm thick)1 piece of tissue, a lot of faith is vested in the hymen. While there is a plethora of known methods currently in practice to test the virginity of a woman, there might be more, existing in remote communities that we are yet unaware of. This article deals with the credibility of virginity testing and the impact it has on the examinee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into consideration the use of "chinese" artificial hymens and the surgical practices of hymen repair (hymenorraphy and hymenoplasty), this article examines the interstitial spaces that allow to negotiate the social imperative of prenuptial virginity. It also investigates how the various actors involved (young women, medical personnel, religious authorities) construct specific discourses entailing a moral logic that justifies the reconstruction of the hymen through the mobilization of the principles of repentance, protection and the common good, as well as the notion of physical and psychic purification. Finally, it analyses how intimate surgeries place medical techniques at the intersection of cultural norms and individual, social and religious arrangements, that are both a form of expertise and a trick of concealment.

Abstract Background So-called virginity testing, also referred to as hymen, two-finger, or per vaginal examination, is the inspection of the female genitalia to assess if the examinee has had or has been habituated to sexual intercourse. This paper is the first systematic review of available evidence on the medical utility of virginity testing by hymen examination and its potential impacts on the examinee. Methods Ten electronic databases and other sources for articles published in English were systematically searched from database inception until January 2017. Studies reporting on the medical utility or impact on the examinee of virginity testing were included. Evidence was summarized and assessed via a predesigned data abstraction form. Meta-analysis was not possible. Main Results Seventeen of 1269 identified studies were included. Summary measures could not be computed due to study heterogeneity. Included studies found that hymen examination does not accurately or reliably predict virginity status. In addition, included studies reported that virginity testing could cause physical, psychological, and social harms to the examinee. Conclusions Despite the lack of evidence of medical utility and the potential harms, health professionals in multiple settings continue to practice virginity testing, including when assessing for sexual assault. Health professionals must be better informed and medical and other textbooks updated to reflect current medical knowledge. Countries should review their policies and move towards a banning of virginity testing.

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Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vaginoscopy using a 10-mm, 30° forward viewing rigid endoscope was used to evaluate the caudal reproductive tract of four subadult southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). A vertical vaginal septum was documented in all four animals, including a primiparous cow that gave birth to a stillborn calf 14 months before vaginoscopy. Vaginoscopy using a 57-cm-long, 10-mm, 30° forward viewing endoscope provides adequate visualization of the caudal reproductive track in the southern white rhinoceros, and a detailed description of the vertical vaginal septum is presented. Additionally, the presence of a vertical vaginal septum in a primiparous southern white rhinoceros suggests the presence of this anatomic structure cannot be used as a proxy of nulliparity for captive southern white rhinoceros. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]