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The geographic distributions of Hylonycteris underwoodi and Thyroptera tricolor in Honduras have been established with specimens collected more than 50 years ago. Here, we describe the occurrence o...

73. Underwood’s Long-tongued Bat Hylonycteris underwoodi French: Hylonyctére d’Underwood / German: Underwood-Blattnase / Spanish: Hilonicterio de Underwood Taxonomy. Hylonycteris underwood: Thomas, 1903, “Rancho Redondo [San José], Costa Rica.” "Two subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. H. uw. underwoodi Thomas, 1903 — disjunct from 8S Mexico (Veracruz) to E Guatemala, S Belize, and N & W Honduras, and from SE Nicaragua to W Panama. H. u. minor C. J. Phillips &J. K.Jones, 1971 — Pacific slope in Mexico, from Nayarit and Jalisco to S Oaxaca. A.p. discontinuous distribution with gap in Nicaragua might just reflect lack of data because Underwood's Long-tongued bat always occursat rather low densities and is therefore not very often captured. Descriptive notes. Head-body 48-60 mm, tail 3-10 mm, ear 9-13 mm, hindfoot 7-11 mm, forearm 31-5-36 mm; weight 6-5-8-5 g (adult, non-reproductive). Females are notably larger than males. Underwood’s Long-tongued Batis very small and delicate. Dorsal hairs are dark brown or blackish, faintly three-banded with bases dark gray, middles pale gray, and tips dark. Muzzle is greatly elongated and tapering, and lower jaw extends well beyond upper jaw. Noseleaf is short (3-4 mm) and narrow. Tail is present and shorter than naked uropatagium. Wing membranes attach to ankles. Underwood’s Long-tongued Batis characterized by absence of lower incisors and elongated snout that encloses long tongue. Dental formula is I 2 /0, C 1/1, P 2/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 30. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 16 and FN = 24. Habitat. Almost exclusively in vicinity of primary and older secondary forests, ranging from lowland rainforests at sea level up to cloud forests and higher to elevations of 2640 m. In Mexico, Underwood’s Long-tongued Bats were captured in pine forests while visiting large flowers of a thistle (Cirsium sp., Asteraceae). Food and Feeding. Underwood's Long-tongued Batis a nectar specialist and uses its long tongue to harvest nectar from a wide variety of flowers. It depends on year-round flower supply and visits flowers that occur in rather low densities scattered throughout forests. All individuals captured in north-eastern Costa Rica throughoutthe year carried pollen and more than 80% of pollen from the hemi-epiphyte Merinthopodium neuranthum (Solanaceae) and ¢.70% from canopy liana (Marcgravia, Macgraviaceae); both flower over rather long periods. Underwood’s Long-tongued Bat very rarely feeds on small and particularly soft fruits, such as those of Conostegia xalapensis (Melastomataceae) or Coussapoa oligocephala (Urticaceae). Breeding. In north-eastern Costa Rica, Underwood’s Long-tongued batis bimodally polyestrous, with pregnant females found in January-April and August—-October. A female in Guatemala had an enlarged uterus from a recent pregnancy in early March. Activity patterns. Underwood’s Long-tongued Batis nocturnal. It often roosts under rotting fallen logs or among buttresses of fallen trees that offer more than one exit. It also roosts in caves or anthropogenic tunnels or culverts. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Underwood’s Long-tongued Bat never occurs at high densities. It roosts alone or in very small groups of 1-4 individuals. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Underwood’s Long-tongued Bat probably depends on forests that provide year-round sufficient supplies of flowers for nectar, so habitat loss could become a conservation concern. Bibliography. Castro-Luna & Sosa (2009), Jones & Homan (1974), McCarthy et al. (1993), Reid (2009), Simmons (2005), Tschapka (1998, 2004), Turcios-Casco & Medina-Fitoria (2019)., Published as part of Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Phyllostomidae, pp. 444-583 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 522, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6458594

This is a preliminary species list for the mammals of Nombre de Dios National Park (PNND) based on 5 visits to 8 sampling sites in the following systems: a) low montane wet forest, b) Sub tropical wet forest, c) within the limits of these forests, and d) in Mangrove Forests of two coastal lakes. We recorded 43 species belonging to 6 orders: Marsupialia, Xenarthra, Chiroptera, Primates, Perissodactyla, and Rodentia. The order with more families was Rodentia (6 = 35%), followed by Chiroptera with (5 = 29%). Nine species are in CITES, three in Appendix I, two in Appendix II and three in Appendix III. We recorded the bat Hylonycteris underwoodi for the first time for Honduras and an endemic species from Central America Rhogeessa menchaue inhabits the park. There are 24 new records for Atlantis. Este es un listado preliminar de la mastofauna del Parque Nacional Nombre de Dios (PNND). Se basa en 5 giras a 8 sitios de muestreo en los siguientes sistemas: a) Bosque Muy húmedo Montano bajo, b) Bosque Muy Húmedo Sub Tropical, c) entre los límites de estos Bosques, y d) en los Bosques de Mangle de dos lagunas Costeras. Se registraron 43 especies, pertenecientes a 6 ordenes: Marsupialia, Xenarthra, Chiroptera, Primates, Perissodactyla, y Rodentia. El orden con más familias, fue Rodentia (6 = 35%), seguido por Chiroptera con (5 = 29%). Nueve especies se encuentran en CITES, tres apéndice I, dos apéndice II, y tres apéndice III. Se registró el murciélago Hylonycteris underwoodi para Honduras. Una especie endémica de Centro América Rhogeessa menchaue habita el Parque. Hay 24 nuevos registros para Atlántida, esto es un indicador del poco desarrollo de investigaciones sobre mamíferos en esta región de Honduras. El PNND juega un papel importante en la preservación y distribución de las especies de mamíferos a nivel local y regional.

Mountain environments, characterized by high levels of endemism, are at risk of experiencing significant biodiversity loss due to current trends in global warming. While many acknowledge their importance and vulnerability, these ecosystems still remain poorly studied, particularly for taxa that are difficult to sample such as bats. Aiming to estimate the amount of cryptic diversity among bats of a Neotropical montane cloud forest in Talamanca Range—south-east Central America—, we performed a 15-night sampling campaign, which resulted in 90 captured bats belonging to 8 species. We sequenced their mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and screened their inter- and intraspecific genetic variation. Phylogenetic relations with conspecifics and closely related species from other geographic regions were established using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference methods, as well as median-joining haplotype networks. Mitochondrial lineages highly divergent from hitherto characterized populations (> 9% COI dissimilarity) were found in Myotis oxyotus and Hylonycteris underwoodi. Sturnira burtonlimi and M. keaysi also showed distinct mitochondrial structure with sibling species and/or populations. These results suggest that mountains in the region hold a high degree of endemicity potential that has previously been ignored in bats. They also warn of the high extinction risk montane bats may be facing due to climatic change, particularly in isolated mountain systems like Talamanca Range. Los entornos de montaña, caracterizados por altos niveles de endemismo, corren el riesgo de experimentar una pérdida significativa de biodiversidad debido a las tendencias actuales en el calentamiento global. Si bien muchos reconocen su importancia y vulnerabilidad, estos ecosistemas siguen siendo poco estudiados, particularmente para los taxones que son difíciles de muestrear, como los murciélagos. Con el objetivo de estimar la cantidad de diversidad críptica entre los murciélagos de un bosque nublado neotropical montano en la Cordillera de Talamanca, en el sudeste de América Central, realizamos una campaña de muestreo de 15 noches, que resultó en 90 murciélagos capturados pertenecientes a 8 especies. Secuenciamos su subunidad mitocondrial citocromo c oxidasa I (COI) y seleccionamos su variación genética inter e intraespecífica. Las relaciones filogenéticas con especies específicas y estrechamente relacionadas de otras regiones geográficas se establecieron utilizando métodos de máxima verosimilitud y de inferencia bayesiana, así como redes de haplotipos de unión media. Se encontraron linajes mitocondriales altamente divergentes de las poblaciones caracterizadas hasta ahora (> 9% de disimilitud de COI) en Myotis oxyotus y Hylonycteris underwoodi. Sturnira burtonlimi y M. keaysi también mostraron una estructura mitocondrial distinta con especies y / o poblaciones hermanas. Estos resultados sugieren que las montañas en la región tienen un alto grado de potencial de endemicidad que previamente se había ignorado en los murciélagos. También advierten sobre el alto riesgo de extinción que los murciélagos montanos pueden enfrentar debido al cambio climático, particularmente en sistemas montañosos aislados como la Cordillera de Talamanca. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas

El presente trabajo es el primer listado de murciélagos cavernícolas que se realiza en el Complejo Volcánico de Colima, incluye registros bibliográficos y muestreos en campo. Se listan 25 especies, seis son nuevos registros para el área ( Glossophaga morenoi , Hylonycteris underwoodi , Artibeus hirsutus , A. intermedius , Chiroderma salvini y Myotis velifer ). Se registran y describen los disturbios antrópicos de los refugios subterráneos del área habitados por murciélagos. Los refugios examinados fueron siete y cinco especies son las que los habitan. Los principales disturbios encontrados fueron el de la demolición y el turismo local. Los refugios con mayor disturbio son tres cuevas del Apastepetl y la cueva Argúm. También se incluye un estudio de categorías de riesgo basado en la abundancia y distribución en dos tipos de de bosque representativos del área. Se encontraron 17 especies de murciélagos en bosque mesófilo y bosque de Abies. Se obtuvo a siete especies dentro de las dos principales categorías de riesgo local. De las cuales Hylonycteris underwoodi y Artibeus hirsutus se incluyen en la categoría de localmente raras y restringidas.

We report bat visits to the inflorescences of Marcgravia pittieri. The animals were videotaped visiting the nectaries of the inflorescences in short hovering flight. Nectarivorous bats caught in front of the inflorescences were Anoura cultrata and Hylonycteris underwoodi (both Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae). Furthermore, we provide a short overview on inflorescence architecture within the genus Marcgravia with a special focus on functional morphology in chiropterophilous species.

Neotropical rainforests support guilds of nectar feeding bats (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae) with up to six coexisting species. To analyse guild structure and mechanisms of coexistence in a Costa Rican tropical lowland rainforest, the resource use and morphology of bats were compared to the energetic characteristics of preferred nectar resources and their spatio-temporal distribution. The relative abundance of nectar-feeding bats was determined from mistnet captures over 26 months. Food items were identified by analysis of pollen loads and faecal samples. Phenology, flower density and nectar sugar content of resource plants permitted quantitative estimations of resource availability expressed as energy density (kJ ha −1 day −1 ) throughout the annual cycle. Four glossophagine bat species co-occurred at La Selva: two permanent residents ( Glossophaga commissarisi , Hylonycteris underwoodi ) and two seasonal species ( Lichonycteris obscura , Lonchophylla robusta ) that were found in small numbers during a period of high nectar availability. The two resident species differed in their abundance and in their temporal feeding strategies. After the main flowering peak, the common G. commissarisi shifted to a more frugivorous diet, while the rarer H. underwoodi fed on the few remaining bat-flowers. Resource plant species differed in their energy density by up to two orders of magnitude. Hylonycteris underwoodi visited more often plant species with a low energy yield than G. commissarisi . Because of its smaller body size and a wing morphology that promotes fast flight, H. underwoodi appears to be better adapted to low and scattered nectar resource levels. The two seasonal species differed greatly in body mass, which suggests different strategies for high-quality resource tracking. Large body mass in Lonchophylla robusta provides an energy buffer that permits daily commuting flights between a permanent roost and profitable foraging areas, while the small Lichonycteris obscura seems to track resources nomadically. It is proposed that energy density may be a major niche dimension that restricts access of species to certain habitats and that may profoundly influence the structure of nectar-feeding bat guilds.

We report the dispersal of Conostegia xalapensis (Melastomataceae) and Coussapoa oligocephala (Urticaceae) seeds by Underwood's long-tongued bat, a species considered to be a specialized nectar and pollen consumer. Informamos la dispersion de semillas de Conostegia xalapensis (Melastomataceae) y Coussapoa oligocephala (Urticaceae) por el murcielago de lengua larga de Underwood, una especie considerada como consumidora especializada en nectar y polen.

We studied the pollination of the epiphytic cactus Weberocereus tunilla (Weber) Britton and Rose at the La Selva Biological Station in the Atlantic lowland rain forest of Costa Rica. The large, night-blooming, unpleasantly-smelling flowers were suspended on elongated main stems that hang down as much as 2 m below canopy tree branches, resulting in a unique form of flagelliflory. The only visitors to flowers were three species of glossophagine bats: Glossophaga commissarisi, Hylonycteris underwoodi and Lichonycteris obscura. Patterns of nectar secretion and concentration were found to be typical for bat-pollinated flowers. Flowering phenology and the occurrence of pollen on bats were recorded during a 1-yr period. Preliminary observations suggest that at least two other Costa Rican species of Weberocereus, W. biolleyi and W. trichophorus and possibly other species of the tribe Hylocereeae, are also pollinated by glossophagine bats.

Objective: To complete the available information on biodiversity of the department of Choco. Methods: We analyzed museological records of Chocoan specimens deposited in the three main collections of the United States: American Museum of Natural History de Nueva York (AMNH, 39 spp/127 records); Field Museum of Natural History de Chicago (FMNH, 53 spp/374 records); y el United State National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution de Washington DC (USNM, 19 spp/65 records). To evaluate the importance of of the analyzed material we contrasted the recovered records with Chocoan records deposited at the collection of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (ICN, 52 spp/721 registros). Results: As product of our analyses we generated a database of 566 records representing a total of 82 Chocoan mammalian species deposited in scientific collections of the United States. The analyzed records require an urgent revision of their taxonomic status, in order to make them a useful source of information for local decision makers. We highlight the presence of the Colombian endemic primate Saguinus oedipus, for department of Choco, supported by material deposited at the AMNH. In the same manner we report the presence of the emballonurid bat Cormura brevirostris, and the slot Choloepus didactylus, that if taxonomically confirmed will represent significant distribution extensions and first confirmed records in collections of these taxa for the department. We also highlight the records of the nectarivorous bat Hylonycteris underwoodi and the coati Nasua narica candace, both species known from Central America and potentially present in the department. Finally, called our attention the presence of a mandible of the manatee (Trichechus manatus) from the municipio of Unguia deposited at the FMNH; this represents the only museum voucher material of the species from this portion of the Colombian territory.

Hylonycteris underwoodi Thomas, 1903. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 11:287. TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica, San Jose, Rancho Redondo. DISTRIBUTION: W Panama to Nayarit and Veracruz (Mexico). SYNONYMS: minor. COMMENTS: Includes minor, but see Alvarez and Alvarez-Castaneda (1991). See Jones and Homan (1974, Mammalian Species, 32)., Published as part of Karl F. Koopman, 1993, Order Chiroptera, pp. 137-241 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 185, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353060, {"references":["Alvarez, T., and T. Alvarez-Castaneda. 1991. Notas sobre el estado taxonomico de Pteronotus davyi en Chiapas y de Hylonycteris en Mexico (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias, 34: 223 - 229.","Jones, J. K., Jr., and J. A. Homan. 1974. Hylonycteris underwoodi. Mammalian Species, 32: 1 - 2."]}

Resumen: Se examinaron 568 ejemplares de mamíferos nativos de 49 especies, procedentes de 49 localidades de la Meseta Tarasca o Sierra Purépecha del Estado de Michoacán, México. Las especies encontradas en esta región del Eje Volcánico Transversal incluyen 1 marsupial, 2 insectívoros, 17 quirópteros, 2 carnívoros, 24 roedores y 1 lagomorfo. Para calcular la diversidad de especies en los cuatro hábitats muestreados, se utilizaron las 2 especies de insectívoros y 21 de roedores. De mayor a menor diversidad, en el bosque de pino-encino se recolectaron 201 individuos de 15 especies (H’ = 2.49), en el bosque tropical caducifolio 142 de 15 especies (H’ = 2.43), en el bosque de oyamel 92 individuos de 10 especies (H’ = 2.01) y en las áreas de ecotono 52 individuos de cuatro especies (H’ = 1.15). El registro de Hylonycteris underwoodi es el primero para las partes altas del Estado de Michoacán. Abstract: We examined 568 specimens of native mammals belonging to 47 species from 49 localities of the Tarascan Plateau or Sierra Purépecha mountain range in the State of Michoacán, México. Species composition of this enclave in the Transvolcanic Belt is 1 marsupial, 2 insectivores, 17 bats, 2 carnivores, 24 rodents, and 1 lagomorph. To calculate the species diversity according to the four sampled habitats, only the 2 insectivore and 21 rodent species were included. From higher to lower diversity values, we found 201 specimens from 15 species in pine-oak forest (H’ = 2.49), 142 from 15 species in tropical deciduous forest (H’ = 2.43), 92 specimens belonging to 10 species fir forest (H’ = 2.01), and 52 from four species in an ecotonal area (H’ =1.15). Hylonycteris underwoodi is the first record for the highlands from the State of Michoacan. Key words: Mammals, distribution, diversity, Tarascan Plateau, Michoacán.

A new subspecies of the previously monotypic Hylonycteris underwoodi is described from Mexico. As currently understood, the new race is distributed from Jalisco to southern Oaxaca, whereas the nominate subspecies occurs from Veracruz and northern Oaxaca southeastward to western Panama.

Hylonycteris underwoodi Thomas, 1903. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 11:287. TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica, San Jose, Rancho Redondo. DISTRIBUTION: W. Panama to Oaxaca to Jalisco and C. Veracruz (Mexico). COMMENT: Reviewed by Jones and Homan, 1974, Mamm. Species, 32:1-2. ISIS NUMBER: 5301405008034001001., Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Chiroptera, pp. 111-215 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 157, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352990, {"references":["Jones, J. K., Jr., and J. A. Homan. 1974. Hylonycteris underwoodi. Mammalian Species, 32: 1 - 2."]}