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Background: Posterior decentering is not an uncommon finding on rotator cuff tear patients’ shoulder magnetic resonance imaging. No previous study has reported on the relationship between posterior decentering and rotator cuff tear.Methods: We assessed patients’ rotator cuff tear humeral head positions based on humeral?scapular alignment (HSA). Subjects were classified into centering and decentering groups based on a 2 mm HSA value, respectively. Differences in rotator cuff tear size, degree of tear, and fatty degeneration between the two groups were evaluated.Results: One hundred seventy-five patients (80 males, 95 females; mean age: 59.7 ± 6.5 years old) were selected as subjects (casecontrol study; level of evidence: 3). Tear size, degree of subscapularis tendon tear, and fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis muscles were significantly different between the two groups (ppp

Background The purpose of this study was to measure the distance of the clavicle in 3 dimensions (3D) and each direction (anterior to posterior, medial to lateral, and superior to inferior) and to analyze the correlation of the angular orientation of the scapula according to each directional distance of the clavicle. Methods Sixty-seven patients with Robinson 2B1 and 2B2 clavicle midshaft fracture (46.0 ± 17.4 years, men = 50, women = 17) were selected as final subjects. Patients’ computed tomography was reconstructed using an image processing program (3D Slicer 4.3 software). Anteroposterior (AP) distance, medial-to-lateral distance, superior-to-inferior distance, and 3D distance of both clavicles were measured. The plane connecting the 3 points (superior pole, inferior pole, and center of glenoid) of the scapula was used to calculate differences in the angular orientation between both scapulae. Results Among each directional distance of the clavicle, only the AP distance showed negative correlation with scapular angular orientation with anterior tilting, internal rotation, and upward rotation of the scapula (Pearson’s correlation coefficient: −0.68, −0.24, and −0.28; P Conclusion The shortening of the AP distance of the clavicle was related to the angular orientation of the scapula in acute clavicle fracture. AP shortening should be considered when determining the treatment of clavicle fracture.

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is extremely rare. It can cause fatal complication such as permanent neurologic deficit. Even though the exact cause of epidural hematoma is not known in most cases, anticoagulation treatment is associated in some cases. In this situation, prompt reversal of anticoagulation and immediate decompression surgery is required. Seventy-year-old woman presesnted with sudden hemiplegia. She had history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and had taken antihypertensive agent, statin, and warfarin. She did not have any history of trauma and her international normalized ratio was within therapeutic range during follow-up and at the time of event. Physical examination revealed decreased right extremities’ motor and sensory function but cognitive function was normal. Detailed neurologic examination and spinal magnetic resonance imaging identified extensive, spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. After the reversal of anticoagulation with vitamin K injection, the patient underwent emergent hematoma removal surgery and recovered completely. Our case suggests epidural hematoma should be considered in sudden hemiplegia patients with anticoagulation therapy. Immediate reversal of anticoagulation and decompression surgery can avoid neurologic deficit.

Toxocariasis is a common helminth infection and the most common cause of peripheral blood eosinophilia. The clinical presentation of liver toxocariasis is often confused with primary or metastatic hepatic tumors. Here, we report on a 52-year-old man admitted with cecal cancer and eosinophilia. Computerized tomography (CT) scans revealed multiple lesions with peripheral enhancement in the liver, and T1- and T2-weighted images revealed isointensity. The patient underwent right hemicolectomy and an exploratory laparotomy with a liver biopsy. Resection of the cecal specimen revealed an adenocarcinoma, while the liver biopsy revealed an eosinophilic abscess with no evidence of malignancy. A serologic test showed a marked increase in specific immunoglobulin G antibody concentrations against Toxocara canis and daily antiparasitic treatment with albendazole (800 mg per day for 7 days) was initiated. Follow-up CT scans indicated that all liver masses and eosinophilia were resolved. (Korean J Med 2015;89:714-718)

Background Minimal rotation of the scapula may affect the measurement of critical shoulder angle (CSA). We investigated the difference in the CSA measured in minimal rotation between the patients with rotator cuff tear and those without non-rotator cuff tear and the CSA measurement error by comparing with computed tomography (CT). Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tear and whose X-ray views correspond to Suter-Henninger classification type A1 and C1. The CSA values between the normal control group (without rotator cuff tear) and the rotator cuff tear group were compared according to A1 type and C1 type. In the rotator cuff tear group, we compared the CSA values measured by using X-ray and CT. Results A total of 238 patients (rotator cuff tear group, 139 patients; normal cuff group, 99 patients) were included in this study. The mean CSA of the rotator cuff tear group was 33.4° ± 3.5°, and that of the normal cuff group was 32.6° ± 3.9° (p = 0.085). On comparison of the CSA according to the Suter-Henninger classification type, the CSA values on the A1 type view and C1 type view were 32.7° ± 3.5° and 33.7° ± 3.5°, respectively, in the rotator cuff tear group and 30.5° ± 3.1° and 33.1 ± 3.9°, respectively, in the normal cuff group (p = 0.024 and p = 0.216, respectively). The mean CSA was 32.5° ± 3.1° in CT and 33.3° ± 3.2° in X-ray (p = 0.184). On comparison of the CSA according to the Suter-Henninger classification type, the CSA values on the A1 type view and C1 type view were 32.6° ± 3.6° and 32.5° ± 2.4°, respectively, in CT and 32.5° ± 3.5° and 34.2° ± 2.6°, respectively, in X-ray (p = 0.905 and p = 0.017, respectively). Conclusions The X-ray view corresponding to Suter-Henninger classification type A1 or CT-reconstructed image can be used to reduce the measurement error and obtain reliable CSA values. The CSA measured on the X-ray view corresponding to Suter-Henninger classification type A1 may be related with rotator cuff tear.

Purpose To evaluate the effects of the femoral tunnel location in the femoral footprint of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) on postoperative knee stability and clinical outcomes after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) using the outside-in technique. Methods From December 2012 to August 2014, ACLR was performed using the outside-in technique in 137 patients. Among these patients, those who had a follow-up period of over 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 102 patients met the inclusion criteria. The relative location of the femoral tunnel in the lateral condyle was evaluated as a percentage using the standardized grid system on a 3-dimensional computed tomography image. Each patient was then classified into the anterior group, center group (anteroposterior plane, 29.3% ± 3.5%), or posterior group depending on the location of the femoral tunnel. Knee laxity was evaluated using a GNRB knee arthrometer, stress radiography, and the pivot-shift test. From a clinical perspective, patient-reported outcomes (International Knee Documentation Committee subjective form and Lysholm knee score) were then evaluated. Results Of 102 patients, 31 (30.4%) were assigned to the anterior group, 46 (45.1%) were assigned to the center group, and 25 (24.5%) were assigned to the posterior group. Postoperative side-to-side differences, which were measured using stress radiographs and the GNRB arthrometer, were significantly smaller in the posterior group (1.7 ± 0.6 mm and 1.5 ± 0.5 mm, respectively) than in the center group (2.3 ± 0.9 mm and 2.2 ± 2.8 mm, respectively) and anterior group (2.4 ± 0.7 mm and 2.4 ± 1.3 mm, respectively) (P = .002 for stress radiography and P = .002 for GNRB arthrometer). No significant between-group differences were observed in the pivot-shift test results and patient-reported outcomes among the 3 groups. Conclusions The location of the femoral tunnel in the anatomic ACL footprint did not affect postoperative stability and clinical outcomes in the case of ACLR using the outside-in technique. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.

Constructing a bilingual multi-word lexicon is confronted with many difficulties such as an absence of a commonly accepted gold-standard dataset. Besides, in fact, there is no everybody’s definition of what a multi-word unit is. In considering these problems, this paper evaluates and analyzes the context vector approach which is one of a novel alignment method of constructing bilingual lexicons from parallel corpora, by comparing with one of general methods. The approach builds context vectors for both source and target single-word units from two parallel corpora. To adapt the approach to multi-word units, we identify all multi-word candidates (namely noun phrases in this work) first, and then concatenate them into single-word units. As a result, therefore, we can use the context vector approach to satisfy our need for multi-word units. In our experimental results, the context vector approach has shown stronger performance over the other approach. The contribution of the paper is analyzing the various types of errors for the experimental results. For the future works, we will study the similarity measure that not only covers a multi-word unit itself but also covers its constituents.

To the Editor, A 54-year-old man presented with frequent episodes of sudden palpitation. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram demonstrated narrow QRS complex tachycardia at a rate of 150/min. The initial part of the ST segment occasionally became deeper and sharper during the tachycardia (arrow, Fig. 1). A cardiac electrophysiological study was performed and the narrow QRS complex tachycardia was reproducibly induced by a single atrial extra-stimulus. The tachycardia intermittently changed at the initial part of the ST segment (arrow, Fig. 2A). Atrial activity at the high right atrium (HRA) always preceded those of the His bundle and coronary sinus (CS) during the first induced supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with an atrial cycle length of 344 ms, but the retrograde atrial activation sequence in the CS electrogram changed occasionally. Simultaneous activation of the right anterolateral and left lateral accessory pathways (APs) deepened and sharpened the initial point of the ST segment compared to right anterolateral AP activation alone. Radiofrequency catheter ablation abolished conduction over the right side AP. A single ventricular extra-stimulus induced a second tachycardia (388 ms) with the earliest, consistent retrograde atrial activity at the distal CS (Fig. 2B). The earlier retrograde atrial activation at HRA and ST segment change were not present after radiofrequency catheter ablation of the right anterolateral AP. The exact locations of both APs are described in Fig. 3A and ​and3B.3B. We ablated the second AP at the left lateral wall using a transaortic approach. Ventriculoatrial conduction occurred through the atrioventricular node after catheter ablation of the two APs. Figure 1. Twelve-lead surface electrocardiogram (25 mm/sec, 10 mm/mV) during a spontaneous episode of paroxysmal tachycardia and four magnified beats of tachycardia (A, B). The initial part of the ST segment of the first and fourth beats (arrows) during tachycardia ... Figure 2. (A) Surface electrocardiogram (ECG) and intracardiac electrograms from the high right atrium (HRA), His bundle region (His), right ventricular apex (RVa), and coronary sinus (Cs) during the first induced supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with a cycle ... Figure 3. (A, B) Proposed locations of the two accessory pathways (AP) and (C, D) their contribution to tachycardia. (C) The clinical SVT used the right anterolateral AP as a re-entry circuit and intermittently used the left lateral AP as a bystander but conduction ... Electrocardiographic or electrophysiologic findings that demonstrate the presence of multiple AP include (1) changing antegrade delta waves; (2) evidence of multiple retrograde atrial activation routes; and (3) orthodromic SVT with intermittent antegrade fusion complexes [1]. Concealed conduction through another pathway may not be apparent until the dominant pathway is ablated [2]. Detecting multiple APs requires detailed atrial mapping during programmed stimulation, and elimination of an apparent AP [3]. If the V-A interval or P-wave morphology changes during orthodromic tachycardia, the presence of additional AP should be suspected [4,5]. Although a single, fixed retrograde atrial activation pattern is observed in the presence of two or more AP, the presence of different retrograde atrial activation patterns documents the presence of multiple AP [1]. In our case, an additional AP was recognized by the appearance of more than one atrial breakthrough point during the first induced tachycardia. Intermittent changes in the retrograde atrial activation sequence occurred in the CS (from distal-to-proximal to proximal-to-distal), whereas retrograde atrial activation in the HRA was the earliest. The consistent earliest activation in the HRA suggests that clinical SVT uses the right anterolateral AP as a re-entry circuit and intermittently the left lateral AP as a bystander. Atrial fusion due to intermittent, simultaneous activation of the two AP changed the initial point of the ST segment on the surface electrocardiogram (Fig. 3C and ​and3D).3D). Careful attention to the ST segment during tachycardia could help identify multiple AP before an electrophysiologic study.

This paper describes the extended pivot-based approach for bilingual lexicon extraction. The basic features of the approach can be described as follows: First, the approach builds context vectors between a source (or target) language and a pivot language like English, respectively. This is the same as the standard pivot-based approach which is useful for extracting bilingual lexicons between low-resource languages such as Korean-French. Second, unlike the standard pivot-based approach, the approach looks for similar context vec- tors in a source language. This is helpful to extract translation candidates for polysemous words as well as lets the translations be more confident. Third, the approach extracts translation candidates from target context vectors through the similarity between source and target context vectors. Based on these features, this paper describes the extended pivot-based approach and does various experiments in a language pair, Korean-French (KR-FR). We have observed that the approach is useful for extracting the most proper translation candidate as well as for a low-resource language pair.

This paper presents a new method for constructing bilingual lexicons through a pivot language. The proposed method is adapted from the context-based approach, called the standard approach, which is well-known for building bilingual lexicons using comparable corpora. The main difference between the standard approach and the proposed method is how to represent context vectors. The former is to represent context vectors in a target language, while the latter in a pivot language. The proposed method is very simplified from the standard approach thereby. Furthermore, the proposed method is more accurate than the standard approach because it uses parallel corpora instead of comparable corpora. The experiments are conducted on a language pair, Korean and Spanish. Our experimental results have shown that the proposed method is quite attractive where a parallel corpus directly between source and target languages are unavailable, but both source-pivot and pivot-target parallel corpora are available.

Background Since the introduction of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) of mediastinal lymph nodes, the incidence of histopathologically-confirmed sarcoidosis has increased. Methods The electronic medical records of Chonnam National University (CNU) Hospital and CNU Hwasun Hospital (CNUHH) were searched for confirmed cases of sarcoidosis diagnosed between 1996 and 2014. Cases were selected using a combination of clinical, radiological, and pathological evidence. Of 115 cases with the relevant disease codes, 16 cases were excluded, as they had not been confirmed pathologically or had no definitive clinical features of sarcoidosis. Results Among 99 cases of confirmed sarcoidosis, only nine patients were diagnosed with sarcoidosis before 2008; the rest were diagnosed from 2008 onward, after the introduction of EBUS-TBNA. EBUS-TBNA was used in 75.8% of patients, open surgical biopsy in 13.2%, and mediastinoscopic biopsy in 5.1%. At the time of diagnosis, 42.4% of sarcoidosis cases were at stage I, 55.6% at stage II, and 2% at stage III. Spontaneous remission of sarcoidosis was observed in 33.3% of cases, and stable disease in 37.4%; systemic steroid treatment was initiated in 23.2% of cases. Of the patients treated with systemic steroids, 69.6% showed improvement. The median duration of steroid treatment was 5 months. Conclusion Following the introduction of EBUS-TBNA, the number of newly diagnosed sarcoidosis patients has increased. Clinical features of sarcoidosis were similar to those previously reported. Spontaneous remission occurred in about one-third of patients, while one-fourth of patients required systemic steroid treatment.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are well known predictive marker of targeted therapy. We compared the sensitivity of EGFR mutation detection techniques between matched achival lung cancer tissue and peripheral blood sample. Methods: We collected the paired samples from plasma and paraffin-embedded tumor tissue obtained before EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). DNA extraction was performed using the QIAamp MinElute virus spin kit and EGFR mutation analysis was done by two detection methods. The current standard test is the PNAClampTM (Clamp) which is the PNA-based PCR clamping that selectively amplifies only the mutated target DNA sequence. The new technique is the PANAMutyperTM EGFR test (Mutyper), which use PNA clamping-assisted fluorescence melting curve analysis. Results: A total of 295 (188 male and 107 female) patients were analyzed in this study. The histologic types were composed of 258 adenocarcinoma, 22 squamous cell carcinoma and 15 others. Most were clinical stage IV (137, 46.4%) and the EGFR mutation rate of tissue sample by standard Clamp test was 25.7%. Plasma sensitivity was significantly higher in Mutyper than Clamp (71.2% vs. 30.0%, p Conclusions: Mutyper was useful liquid biopsy technique with better sensitivity than standard Clamp test. Citation Format: In-Jae Oh, Hyeong-Won Seo, Hyun-Ju Cho, Ha-Young Park, Bo-Gun Kho, Jin-Sun Chang, Tae-Ok Kim, Hong-Jun Shin, Cheol Kyu Park, Jung-Hwan Lim, Yong-Soo Kwon, Yu-Il Kim, Sung-Chul Lim, Young-Chul Kim, Yoo-Duk Choi. Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations from circulating tumor DNA versus archival tissue of lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5589.

Clinical impacts of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein reduction for secondary prevention in Asian patients with one-year survivor after acute myocardial infarction☆ Hyun Kuk Kim , Myung Ho Jeong ⁎, HyeongWon Seo , Joon Ho Ahn , Kyung Hoon Cho , Young Joon Hong , Ju Han Kim , Youngkeun Ahn , Jeong Gwan Cho , Jong Chun Park , Kyung Woo Park , Hyo-Soo Kim , Sang Rok Lee , Jei Keon Chae , Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Investigators

A pivot-based approach for bilingual lexicon extraction is based on the similarity of context vectors represented by words in a pivot language like English. In this paper, in order to show validity and usability of the pivot-based approach, we evaluate the approach in company with two different methods for estimating context vectors: one estimates them from two parallel corpora based on word association between source words (resp., target words) and pivot words and the other estimates them from two parallel corpora based on word alignment tools for statistical machine translation. Empirical results on two language pairs (e.g., Korean-Spanish and Korean-French) have shown that the pivot-based approach is very promising for resource-poor languages and this approach observes its validity and usability. Furthermore, for words with low frequency, our method is also well performed.

This paper aims to present a novel method of extracting bilingual lexica from comparable corpora using one of the artificial neural network algorithms, self-organizing maps (SOMs). The proposed method is very useful when a seed dictionary for translating source words into target words is insufficient. Our experiments have shown stunning results when contrasted with one of the other approaches. For future work, we need to fine-tune various parameters to achieve stronger performances. Also we should investigate how to construct good synonym vectors.

We propose a neural network algorithm for extracting bilingual lexica, which is based on the well-known Perceptron algorithm. In this paper, we modify the Perceptron algorithm in order to learn with unlabeled training data for bilingual lexicon extraction. To show the feasibility of the algorithm, we also present a novel approach on bilingual lexicon extraction with the proposed neural network algorithm. The empirical results have shown that our proposed method is significantly improving the performances of our model obtained with the modified Perceptron algorithm.

This paper presents a method for constructing bilingual multiword lexicons for a resource-poor language pair such as Korean-French. For this, at first, we identify multiword candidates from parallel corpora, and then use the pivot context approach (1) to align those candidates. Our empirical study shows encouraging results (e.g., accuracy), even though this study is ongoing.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of living alone for in-hospital and one-year clinical outcome after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Korean patients. Methods: A total of 1,700 patients who admitted at the Chonnam National University Hospital were analyzed. We divided the patients into two groups by the existence of a spouse or family member that lived together with the patient at the first time of hospital visit due to AMI. The primary endpoint was composed of in-hospital death and cardiac death during one-year clinical follow-up. Secondary end point was other major adverse cardio-cerebral events (MACCE) including non-fatal MI, repeat revascularization, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke during one-year clinical follow-up. Result: Living alone patient group had higher proportion of Killip class II-IV (34.3% vs. 26.6%, p=0.006) and higher value of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (2.2±4.0 vs. 1.5±3.4 ng/mL, p=0.019) than not living alone group. In-hospital death (8.9 % vs. 5.1%, p=0.010) and one-year cardiac death (7.7% vs. 4.6%, p=0.031) developed more in living alone groups. However, living alone was not an independent prognostic factor for in-hospital death (HR 1.51, 95% CI 0.91-2.52, p=0.113) and one-year cardiac death (HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.59-2.34, p=0.64) after multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Living alone was not an independent prognostic factor for in-hospital and one-year clinical outcome after AMI.

This paper investigates the effects of wafer burn-in on the degradation of DRAM data retention time characteristics. The problem was characterized using a substrate electron injection method described in this paper. As a result, it could be experimentally demonstrated that the data retention time degradation was attributed to the enhanced GIDL (gate induced drain leakage) due to the increased electric field caused by electron trapping in the gate oxide during wafer burn-in stress.