Search

South Korea has experienced a rapid increase in the emergence of social enterprises that aim to address various social problems. However, little is known about the conditions that can affect the emergence of social enterprises at the regional level. This study examined the regional factors that influence the establishment of social enterprises using a panel dataset of observations on 17 metropolitan cities and provinces in South Korea from 2012 to 2019. The appearance of social enterprises in regional entrepreneurial ecosystems was found to be associated with the market, government, networks, financial resources, and human capital. We also found that the determinants of their emergence within South Korea’s social enterprise ecosystem vary based on their level of development and purpose. Based on the results, we suggested several policy implications and suggestions.

This study analyzed emotional labor in the hotel and resort industry through semantic network analysis and convergence of iteration correlation (CONCOR) analysis. The scope of the study was limited to academic papers on the hotel and resort industry published by the Korea Citation Index (KCI) between 2006 and 2022. This included papers from the journals Tourism & Leisure Research (26), Korean Journal of Hospitality & Tourism (23), Korean Journal of Tourism Research (19), International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research (18), Tourism Research (14), and other journals (74). Having identified the major research trends, visualization was carried out to confirm the topics closely related to emotional labor, which identified the subjects of emotional labor, “employees,” job factors such as “job stress,” and negative psychological variables such as “emotional exhaustion” with high frequency and centrality. The CONCOR analysis revealed four main clusters: “job impact factors,” “service impact factors,” “supervisor impact factors,” and “psychological impact factors.” The results offer suggestions for future research directions on emotional labor in hotels and resorts, as well as implications for academic and practical applications.

Muscle contraction during physical activity improves glucose metabolism and glycemic control by facilitating muscle glucose uptake and utilization. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is an involuntary alternative mode of muscle contraction and is widely applicable and suitable for individuals with sedentary lifestyle including people with physical functional limitations and other mobility impairments. Use of NMES has the potential to improve metabolic health analogous to voluntary exercise. Purpose: To determine the acute effect of 30 mins of NMES on energy metabolism and fasting blood glucose level. Methods: Fifteen participants without diabetes participated in the study (Males: 6; Females: 9; Age: 33.80 ± 12.99 years; BMI: 32.59 ± 9.17 kg/m2). Each participant underwent 30 mins of cyclical NMES on the quadricep muscles of both legs while lying supine on a bed. NMES was applied at a frequency of 50Hz with a pulse width of 300μs up to maximum tolerable intensity. Blood glucose and lactate levels were determined at baseline and at 5 mins intervals during the stimulation. Energy expenditure and substrate utilization were measured at baseline and monitored continuously during the NMES via indirect calorimetry. The experimental procedure was performed in a fasting condition and was directly preceded by a day of dietary control. Results: A decreasing blood glucose effect of NMES was observed between baseline glucose level (95.94 ± 7.81 mg/dL) and after 25 mins (92.85 ± 8.82 mg/dL) and 30 mins (91.79 ± 9.00 mg/dL) of NMES (p Supported by NIH Grant R01 DK132430 This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Pavilions are flexible, open architectural structures, usually erected in parks and gardens. And they played a significant role in the political and cultural propaganda through international exhibitions in the 19th century, as well as in the presentations of new technologies and materials. By focusing on the concept of temporality, this study takes a novel approach and examines the role of the pavilion from the perspective of nomadic, wandering cultures through a case of Serpentine Pavilion Project. This study is based on the interpretive and critical approach which relies on gathering cases and references about the phenomenon or literature in hand. We provide a history overview and trace the changes in the concept of place at the dawn of the modern era, investigating how the Serpentine Pavilion reflects a modern understanding of placeness. Essentially, it argues that the pavilion, as a special temporary architectural form, can be used as the foundation of modern discourse on placeness. As a material and spatial alternative to such placeness, the pavilion constitutes an important architectural type.

PurposeTraditional Korean buildings do not differ significantly in form or structural style according to era or building type. The authors interpret this from a generative rather than a typological perspective. The generation perspective considers factors forming the buildings and is connected to the prevailing thoughts of the era.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzes the generation method of seowon facilities in the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1897), focusing on the Dosan Seowon. Based on Koreans' long-term thinking, the authors applied the extracted architectural space generation layers for analysis, and present an integrated method of generation layers when the Dosan Seowon was built.FindingsThe immanent, physical and body perceptual layers presented for seowon formation analysis are represented by thought, form and territory. Specific aspects of these layers in the Dosan Seowon are analyzed, including the architectural arrangement that connects the land conditions with neo-Confucian courtesy and order, the collective architectural form considering the energy of yin and yang, and the elements of objects that affect the human body perception. This form of architecture was closely linked with and strongly influenced by monistic philosophy.Social implicationsAfter the Korean War, architects judged traditional buildings only by shapes, and quickly accepted Western architecture's forms. Presenting a generative perspective of traditional Korean architecture expands the theoretical research direction of modern succession.Originality/valueThis is the first attempt to examine the generation method based on the Dosan Seowon's generation layers.

Given the fierce competition and changes in the market environment, the integrated resort industry must devote more efforts to understanding tourists’ behavioral characteristics to develop appropriate marketing strategies. Thus, this study established an integrated model to examine the impacts of experiential marketing factors on brand trust, brand attachment, and behavioral intention to promote the sustainable development of the integrated resort business. An online survey on Korean tourists with integrated resort experience was conducted, and a total of 526 valid responses were obtained. The proposed model was investigated with SmartPLS 3.3.9 software. Results show that sense, feel, think, and relate affected brand trust, whereas only sense, think, and relate affected brand attachment. Moreover, behavioral intention was found to be influenced by both brand trust and brand attachment. The research findings hold practical and theoretical contributions for the integrated resort context.

This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-6 (K6) with a nationally representative clinical sample with various mental health disorders. The cross-sectional, nationally representative, and publicly available data were extracted from the 2014 Health Center Patient Survey (HCPS), which was sponsored by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). After excluding certain individuals for the purpose of this study, we had a total of 1,863 participants. The highest and lowest psychological distress weighted scores were reported by individuals with bipolar disorder ( M = 17.16) and individuals with schizophrenia ( M = 16.09), respectively, although psychological distress interference was highest in individuals with schizophrenia ( M = 2.44). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results yielded a unidimensional factor solution for K6 scale in all subgroups. The K6 is a brief, reliable, and valid measure of psychological distress in adults with panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.

Various studies have proposed social enterprise as a potential policy intervention and a policy alternative to deal with the complex problem of wellbeing enhancement. However, the relationship between social enterprise and wellbeing has not been fully expounded, particularly its impact on the local community. This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between social enterprise and the wellbeing of individuals in the local community, utilizing a multilevel framework. It further explores whether social capital, measured as trust, network, and participation, plays a moderating role in the relationship between local social enterprise and the wellbeing of individuals in the community. The results indicate that social enterprise has a positive effect on the wellbeing of individuals in the community, and that social capital, particularly network and participation rather than trust, plays a moderating role in the relationship between local social enterprise and individual wellbeing. The results help explain how social enterprise improves the wellbeing of community residents as a whole, suggesting practical implications for policymakers and practitioners from governments and social enterprises.

People in subsidized housing are likely to suffer from mental health issues. However, little is known about subsidized housing employees’ readiness to address the residents’ mental health needs. This qualitative study explores the perspectives of housing employees on their readiness to assist subsidized housing residents’ mental health needs. A total of 32 subsidized housing employees participated in five focus groups. Thematic analysis revealed four key themes: prevalence of mental health issues, unexpected role as housing employees, multi-level barriers in assisting residents with mental health needs, and the need for mental health support in subsidized housing. Findings highlight the need for integrated care, including social work services in subsidized housing. Social workers may have various potential roles to serve the mental health needs of subsidized housing residents. Also identified was the need for mental health education and training among subsidized housing employees.

Previous studies have shown that social enterprises can improve the health conditions of socially disadvantaged people through qualitative approaches. As income-related health inequality has grown, the role of social enterprises in addressing this issue has become more significant. This study examined whether social enterprises could positively affect the self-rated health of South Korean low-income residents using multilevel models. The results showed that government-certified social enterprises were associated with positive self-rated health among low-income residents. On the other hand, preliminary social enterprises with insufficient profitability and weak corporate governance showed mixed results. Based on the empirical results, this study suggests relevant policy implications.

Expanded polystyrene (EPS), which is difficult to decompose, is usually buried or incinerated, causing the natural environment to be contaminated with microplastics and environmental hormones. Digestion of EPS by mealworms has been identified as a possible biological solution to the problem of pollution, but the complete degradation mechanism of EPS is not yet known. Intestinal microorganisms play a significant role in the degradation of EPS by mealworms, and relatively few other EPS degradation microorganisms are currently known. This study observed significant differences in the intestinal microbiota of mealworms according to the dietary results of metagenomics analysis and biodiversity indices. We have proposed two new candidates of EPS-degrading bacteria, Cronobacter sakazakii and Lactococcus garvieae, which increased significantly in the EPS feeding group population. The population change and the new two bacteria will help us understand the biological mechanism of EPS degradation and develop practical EPS degradation methods.

토지 지하에 폐기물이 불법 매립된 경우 육안으로 이를 확인할 수 없어 외부에서는 이를 잘 알 수 없기 때문에 그 매립 사실을 알지 못하고 토지를 매수하거나, 토지를 소유하고 있는 동안 폐기물이 불법 매립되었음에도 그 사실을 알지 못한 채 토지를 이용하는 경우가 있을 수 있다. 토지 소유자가 폐기물 불법 매립 사실을 알지 못한 채 토지를 사용·수익하다가 어떤 계기로 폐기물 매립 사실을 알게 된 후에 폐기물 매립자를 상대로 권리행사를 하게 되는 경우, ‘폐기물 매립행위가 종료된 시점’과 ‘토지 소유자가 폐기물 매립 사실을 알고 원인제공자에 대하여 권리 행사를 하는 시점’ 사이에 상당한 시간적 간격이 있을 수밖에 없다. 문제는 이러한 시간적 간격이 토지 소유자의 권리구제 여부를 결정하는 핵심 변수가 될 수 있다는 점이다. 토지 소유자가 불법 매립 행위자에 대하여 책임을 물을 수 있는 방법으로 일응 소유권에 기한 방해배제청구(민법 제214조 제1문)로 폐기물 제거를 구하는 방안과 불법행위로 인한 손해배상청구로 폐기물 제거 비용 상당의 금전을 구하는 방안을 생각해 볼 수 있다. 이 글에서는 ‘폐기물 불법 매립 시점’과 ‘폐기물이 매립된 토지를 매수한 토지 소유자가 그 사실을 알고 권리행사를 하는 시점’ 사이의 시간적 간격에 초점을 두고 대법원 2019. 7. 10. 선고 2016다205540 판결을 선례인 대법원 2003. 3. 28. 선고 2003다5917 판결과 비교하는 방법으로 대법원 판단의 타당성을 검토하였다. 판례의 태도에 따르면, 폐기물이 불법 매립된 토지에서 폐기물이 토사와 분리하기 어려울 정도가 되었다면 토지 소유자는 폐기물 매립자에 대하여 소유권에 기한 방해배제청구가 아니라 폐기물 제거 비용 상당 금액을 불법행위에 기한 손해배상청구로 구하여야 한다. 소유권에 기한 방해배제청구를 할 수 없다는 결론은 ‘방해’와 ‘손해’의 구별에 기한 ‘방해의 현존’ 뿐 아니라 방해제거청구의 상대방인 ‘방해 사정를 지배하는 자’인가 하는 점을 고려한 것으로 타당하다. 더불어 불법행위로 인한 손해배상청구에 있어서 손해배상채권의 소멸시효 기산점이 되는 ‘불법행위를 한 날’은 토지를 매수한 토지 소유자에게 현실적으로 손해의 결과가 발생한 날이 된다는 결론도 마찬가지이다.

Atomically dispersed nickel sites complexed on nitrogen-doped carbon (Ni–N/C) have demonstrated considerable activity for the selective electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) to ...

Low mental health service utilization among vulnerable groups with mental health needs has been an ongoing public health concern. Guided by the Gateway Provider Model, this study focuses on public housing employees, a unique gateway provider group, who are within close proximity with public housing residents, a vulnerable group who may experience more psychological distress and mental illness. The present study examined the relationships of mental health literacy, stigma, attitude toward mental health treatment, exposure to mental health treatment, and training to confidence among public housing employees (N = 193) in helping someone with mental illness. Findings show that confidence is associated with mental health literacy and training, yet no relationship between confidence and stigma, and confidence and previous exposure to mental health treatment were found. The findings emphasize the importance of mental health literacy and training of gateway providers as a possible way to promote mental health in the community.

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the relationships between a diagnosis of depression and anxiety disorder (DAD) and using online social media for healthcare. Online social media functions as a vital method of seeking health and disease information, providing low search costs and convenience for users. Because of these benefits, online social media can provide higher accessibility to people with mental health problems. Methods: We used propensity score matching to adjust for baseline differences and reduce confounding effects between DAD and non-DAD groups. Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between a diagnosis of DAD and the use of online social media. Conclusions: Patients with DAD are regarded as active and empowered decision-makers; social media functions as a vital method of seeking health and disease information, providing low search costs and convenience for users.

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction, stroke and death in hypertensive patients taking anti-hypertensives. Methods Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service—National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) database, this study identified 59,370 patients taking anti-hypertensives who had been diagnosed with hypertension between 2003 and 2006. They were divided into acupuncture and non-acupuncture groups. The follow-up period ended with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, stroke or death. After propensity score matching (PSM), there were 18,011 patients each in the non-acupuncture and acupuncture groups. We calculated the incidence rate, hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for MACE, myocardial infarction, stroke and death in patients with hypertension using a stratified Cox proportional hazard model. In addition, secondary outcome analyses for stroke and cardiovascular mortality were performed. Results After PSM, the HRs for MACE (0.83, 95% CI 0.80–0.86), all-cause mortality (0.73, 95% CI 0.70–0.76) and myocardial infarction (0.85, 95% CI 0.79–0.92) were significantly lower in the acupuncture group than in the non-acupuncture group. Moreover, the HRs for stroke-related mortality, hemorrhage stroke–related mortality, ischemic stroke–related mortality, ischemic heart disease–related mortality and circulatory system disease–related mortality were significantly lower in the acupuncture group than in the non-acupuncture group. Conclusion This observational study with long-term follow-up extends the evidence base in support of the effectiveness of acupuncture for the management of hypertension and potentially reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.

Cu catalysts prepared by modifying bulk Cu foils have achieved high performance for value-added C2+ compounds from electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) but the transformation of active sites can be affected by the bulk substrate, which make it complex to design the catalyst. Herein, we newly introduce a simple electrospray pyrolysis method to take advantage of a facile wet-chemical synthesis applicable on non-copper substrates, such as a porous carbon paper, and demonstrate highly enhanced selectivity for C2H4 production from CO2RR. The electrosprayed copper oxide on the carbon paper showed uniquely improved C2 selectivity compared with that on the copper substrate. The improved performance is proposed to be related to the presence of Cu mixed state and retention of morphology of the electrosprayed catalyst on the carbon paper, showing the importance of the substrate. In addition, the C2 product selectivity can be tuned by the electrospray synthesis time as it affects the size of the surface nanostructure as well as the porosity of the catalyst, which can provide an effective way to regulate the C2/C1 ratio.

The differentiation and activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts are tightly regulated to maintain the homeostasis of healthy bones. In this study, the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) during osteoclastogenesis was studied in myeloid-specific Ptpn1-deficient (cKO) mice. The mRNA and protein expression of PTP1B increased during the formation of mature osteoclasts from mouse bone macrophages on stimulation with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL). The Ptpn1 cKO mice exhibited increased femoral trabecular bone volume with a decreased number and activity of osteoclasts compared with control mice. The in vitro culture of osteoclast precursors corroborated the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in cKO cells compared with control, with concomitantly decreased RANKL-dependent proliferation, lower osteoclast marker gene expression, reduced nuclear expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), diminished intracellular Ca2+ oscillations, and increased phosphorylation of Src on inhibitory tyrosine residue. In a ligature-induced periodontitis model, Ptpn1 cKO mice exhibited attenuated osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone loss following the induction of inflammation. The Ptpn1-deficient mice were similarly protected from ovariectomy-induced bone loss compared with control mice. These results provide a novel regulatory role of PTP1B in osteoclastogenesis and suggest a potential as a therapeutic target for bone-lytic diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Metal–oxide interfaces provide a new opportunity to improve catalytic activity based on electronic and chemical interactions at the interface. Constructing a high density of interfaces is essential...

In this study, we demonstrate that the initial morphology of nanoparticles can be transformed into small fragmented nanoparticles, which were densely contacted to each other, during electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Cu-based nanoparticles were directly grown on a carbon support by using cysteamine immobilization agent, and the synthesized nanoparticle catalyst showed increasing activity during initial CO2RR, doubling Faradaic efficiency of C2H4 production from 27% to 57.3%. The increased C2H4 production activity was related to the morphological transformation over reaction time. Twenty nm cubic Cu2O crystalline particles gradually experienced in situ electrochemical fragmentation into 2-4 nm small particles under the negative potential, and the fragmentation was found to be initiated from the surface of the nanocrystal. Compared to Cu@CuO nanoparticle/C or bulk Cu foil, the fragmented Cu-based NP/C catalyst achieved enhanced C2+ production selectivity, accounting 87% of the total CO2RR products, and suppressed H2 production. In-situ X-ray absorption near edge structure studies showed metallic Cu0 state was observed under CO2RR, but the fragmented nanoparticles were more readily reoxidized at open circuit potential inside of the electrolyte, allowing labile Cu states. The unique morphology, small nanoparticles stacked upon on another, is proposed to promote C-C coupling reaction selectivity from CO2RR by suppressing HER.

Diabetes is considered as one of the comorbidities with COVID-19 infection and indicated to influence the severity and the rate of recovery in COVID-19 patients. However, it is not known whether the lack of diabetes management may magnify COVID-19 severity and the rate of recovery in patients with diabetes. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of diabetes management on the severity and length of hospitalization in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective study used medical records from patients admitted to the University Medical Center, El Paso, TX with COVID-19 (n=369; Age 60.0 ± 0.8 years; BMI 30.3 ± 0.4 Kg/m2). Glycemia was assessed by glycated hemoglobin (A1c) level at the time of hospitalization. The severity of the COVID-19 outcome was assessed by quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) and length of hospitalization was determined by the number of days spent in the hospital. Patients were categorized into normoglycemic (N: A1c Results: There was no significant difference among groups in severity of COVID-19 infection (qSOFA: N 0.24 ± 0.08, Pre 0.38 ± 0.07, D 0.28 ± 0.03; p>0.05) and length of hospitalization (N 5.6 ± 0.8, Pre 9.3 ± 1.0, DM 8.9 ± 0.6 days; p>0.05). However, patients with unmanaged diabetes (no medication) showed significantly greater severity (qSOFA: 0.44 ± 0.08 vs. 0.22 ± 0.03; p Conclusion: Unmanaged diabetes shows worsened severity and the rate of recovery in COVID-19 patients. Diabetes management should be considered in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Disclosure A. Mossayebi: None. S. Bajpeyi: None. H. Kreit: None. S. V. Cherukuri: None. R. A. Mandania: None. J. B. Concha: None. H. Jung: None. A. E. Wagler: None. A. A. Gupte: None. A. Deoker: None.

Chronic stress can lead to many systemic complications and low-grade systemic inflammation including increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP is a marker of systemic inflammation and is associated with depression and perceived stress. Elevations can result in weakened immune responses, thereby increasing the risk of complications and mortality from infections. Recent evidence suggests that uncontrolled inflammatory responses associated with COVID-19 are a major determinant of disease severity. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of chronic stress, measured by CRP, on the severity and the length of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective study used medical records from patients admitted to the University Medical Center, El Paso, TX with COVID-19 (n=436 (272M/164F); age 57.3 ± 0.8 years; BMI 29.42 ± 0.3 Kg/m2). Chronic stress was measured by blood CRP level. Severity of COVID-19 infection was determined by the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) measured during the time of hospitalization. Length of hospitalization was determined by the number of days spent in the hospital. Patients were categorized into low CRP (< 3mg/L) vs. high CRP (> 3mg/L) groups and were compared using unpaired t-test. Results: Patients with high CRP level had greater COVID-19 severity, measured by SpO2 (Low CRP: 94.2% ± 0.4 vs. high CRP: 91.9% ± 0.4; p Conclusion: Higher levels of CRP are associated with worsened severity and increased length of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. CRP levels should be considered in laboratory workup for COVID-19 patients and treatment should focus on reducing inflammatory damage. Disclosure H. Kreit: None. S. Bajpeyi: None. S. V. Cherukuri: None. R. A. Mandania: None. A. Deoker: None. A. A. Gupte: None. A. Mossayebi: None. J. B. Concha: None. H. Jung: None. A. E. Wagler: None.

To evaluate recent changes in anthropogenic Pb pollution and its sources and origins in Antarctica, Pb and Ba concentrations and Pb isotopic compositions were determined in a continuous series of 40 snow samples from a 2-m deep snow pit, covering 4 full years from 2011/12 summer to 2015/16 summer, at the Hercules Névé plateau in Victoria Land, Antarctica. The results show that more than 90% of the atmospheric Pb deposited in Victoria Land was of noncrustal origin. This result implies the persistence of a significant human impact on the atmospheric cycle of Pb in the most remote places on Earth, despite a substantial reduction in anthropogenic Pb emissions in the Southern Hemisphere during recent years. The Pb isotopic fingerprints indicate that South America, particularly Brazil and Chile, has become a major source of anthropogenic Pb reaching Victoria Land. Our data highlight the need for both national and international measures to further reduce Pb emissions.