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The present study was conducted in order to provide basic data that increases preventive oral health management behaviors by researching and analyzing the effect of high school students' self-identity, stress and interpersonal relationships on subjective oral health, and, consequently, the results are as follows. First, oral health appeared better when the self-identity of students was higher. Second, the degree of practicing oral health was higher when interpersonal relationships were better. Third, food intake habits related to oral health were better when stress was lowers and smoking behaviors were better. Fourth, subjective oral health was higher when students had good interpersonal relationships and did not smoke. The results of the present study may help the development of data and programs concerned with factors influencing the subjective oral health of high school students, but is considered too limited to be generalized.

The present study investigated and analyzed how dietary habits, snack intake behavior, and stress affect the subjective oral health status of university students. Subject data involved oral health status and oral health awareness inquires via survey inquiries and the SPSS 20.0 statistics program. The results of the study are as follows. Snack intake increases when stress increases, and this affects oral health. Furthermore, nutrition labeling awareness increases when stress is lower and dietary habits are better, which affects oral health status. College is a transitional period between adolescence and adulthood, when adequate intake of nutrition and establishing proper dietary habits are important. University students may establish different dietary habits from adolescence due to the sudden change in environment, so by actively using nutrition labels, they can choose foods that fit their oral health status and needs, and the adequate education for filling in the lacking nutrients is important. The oral health awareness and behavior of university students appear to have difference in accordance with the general characteristics of subjects, and oral health education must consider such differences. Because awareness toward oral knowledge and oral education is low, education corresponding to this must be strengthened. The present study investigates the effect of dietary habits, snack intake behavior, and stress on subjective oral health status in order to provide basic data necessary in building programs for increasing preventive oral health management behaviors.

This study is aimed at comparing the oral health status of middle students who lives in water fluoridation areas and those that do not in Ulju . Out of the total of 627 research subjects, 234 are from water fluoridation areas, 444 are from non-fluoridation areas, 348 are male, and 330 are female. The examination of the oral status according to fluoridation revealed 0.16 dental caries for fluoridation areas and 0.09 for nonfluoridation areas.63.8% from fluoridation areas said that food got caught between their teeth, whereas 63.8% from non-fluoridation areas responded likewise(p=0.026). 32.5% from fluoridation areas responded that their teeth hurt when they ate cold or hot food, while 67.5%(p=0.026) from non-fluoridation areas responded in the same way. The study proves that the fluoridation project expects a great effect for the prevention of dental caries with a relatively small cost, making it necessary to actively educate citizens on the prevention, effect, and safety of the fluoridation projects toward dental caries.

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between body mass index(BMI) and periodontal disease in Korean adult from the data of the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES). Methods: The subjects were 3,309 adults from 25 ro 45 years old in the fifth KNHANES. The subjects were divided into three BMI categories: normal weight 1,549(BMI ≤22.9 kg/m²), overweight 792(BMI 23.0-25.0 kg/m²) and obesity 968(BMI≥25.0 kg/m²). Periodontal disease was assessed by community periodontal index(CPI) and periodontitis was defined as ≥ code 3. Results: Increased BMI adults had no significantly higher prevalence of periodontitis than those having normal body weight after adjusti ng for variables; the odds ratio(OR) was 1.06 in overweight and 1.23 in obesity. BMI and periodontitis had no significant relation to increased age, but the age increase tended to have high odds ratio. Women had a higher OR than men. Conclusions: Through this study, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between the obesity index and periodontitis in the further study.

This study analyzed the rate of unmet dental care service for the disabled who were judged to require the dentistry due to oral health-related problems and those reasons, and also examined the oral health status according to the unmet dentistry. 375 subjects, who were 19 years or older and completed oral health examination and a survey, among 444 responded positive of disability registration after participation in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES), were analyzed. Disability type was classified into 6 kinds(physical disability, brain lesions, sensory defect, developmental disability, mental disorder, endocrine disorder). Participants had 128 of their dental care needs unmet when it was required. 'Financial burden' was the main reason, with the subject of 49.2%, followed by 'lower on the priority scale' were 18.0%. The high frequency and progression permanent teeth caries experiencs and periodontal status of their dental disease were confirmed. In availability aspect of dentistry resources, it is required for using dentistry service smoothly through providing sufficient proper dental care service comparing with the number of the disabled.

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the degree of disparity in unmet dental care needs in Korean adults. Methods: Using data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 9,573 adults between 25-54 years old were selected. The reason for unmet dental care needs was analyzed by chi square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Those having unmet oral health care needs accounted for 41.3%. The majority of the reason (1,036 persons) was “busy with school or work” and the second reason was financial burden (1,028 persons). Those who were female individuals (OR: 1.14, CI: 1.02-1.27), having higher income (OR: 0.85, CI: 0.72-0.99), and perceiving poor oral health status (OR: 5.68, CI: 4.64-6.95). Conclusions: It is necessary to extend and implement the nationwide public assistance of dental care services among the second-to-the bottom and low income people.

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the cognition of dental caries prevention by the level of socioeconomic status based on Gallup survey in Korea. Methods: This study was done by Korean Gallup survey in October, 2010. A trained researcher carried out the computer aided telephone interview(CATI) using a structured questionnaire. This study was based on the latest population statistics of resident registration and whole country's phone data base. This survey included 869 selected Korean adults over 19 years old, and they were asked to answer a CATI. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects and socioeconomic factors including age, gender, education level, monthly income, and residential area. Cognition of dental caries prevention was measured by Likert 4 scale including ‘much’, ‘a little’, ‘rarely’, and ‘never’. The attitude toward dental caries prevention consisted of daily tooth brushing frequency, experience of oral health education, regular dental checkup, chewing gums(xylitol), regular scaling, and use of oral care devices. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 for frequency analysis, t-test, chi-square test, and one way ANOVA. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.462 in oral health concern and attitude. Results: Mean of the frequencies of daily tooth brushing in men was 2.54 times and 2.78 in women. By the comparison to age group, 35-44 years old group had 2.82 times, 19-37 years old group had 2.72 times, and 45-64 years old group had 2.51 times. The level of education and monthly income was proportional to the tooth brushing frequency. Highly educated and higher monthly income group received regular dental checkup within a year and used the auxiliary oral health care devices. Conclusions: This study suggested the relationship between dental caries prevention and socioeconomic status. It is important to provide the low socioeconomic group with the better oral health promotion services in the future.

Aim The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases even in adolescents. The evidence that MetS is associated with the periodontal diseases in adolescents has been understudied. Therefore, our aim was to assess the association between MetS parameters and gingivitis in adolescents. Material and methods A total of 941 participants (590 boys, 351 girls), aged 12-18 years was selected from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional and nationally representative survey, which had had information on waist circumference, blood pressure, serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and the fasting blood sugar and community periodontal Index (CPI). Results The number of positive parameters of MetS showed significant positive correlation with gingivitis; adjusted and crude ORs with one positive parameters of MetS were 1.92 (95% CI: 1.21-3.04) and 1.88(95% CI: 1.28-2.76), respectively. And adjusted OR with three or more positive parameters of MetS was 3.29 (95% CI: 1.24-8.71). Among five parameters of MetS, Low HDL-cholesterol showed significant association with gingivitis (crude OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.20-3.73; adjusted OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.24-3.12). Conclusions Having more positive parameters of MetS and low HDL-cholesterol parameter had an independent relationship with the prevalence of gingivitis, which may be determinants for the future periodontal diseases even in adolescents.

Dental clinic programs for elementary school children to live healthy life by promote healthy lives by oral health self-management skills. This study on schools with and without dental clinics compared and analyze teacher`s knowledge of and attitudes toward oral care and determines whether or not to recommend the school dental clinic program. The subjects of the study were 239 teachers in schools with dental clinics and 201 teachers in schools without dental clinics. In total, the study included 20 schools and 440 teachers. Teachers from schools with dental clinics had a higher recognition rate of the purpose of tooth brushing and the fluoride caries preventive effect than teachers from schools without dental clinics. However, there was no significant difference between schools with and without dental clinics when we compared the daily tooth brushing frequency and oral health attitude. There is also need of a school dental clinic program for teachers because if teachers lack knowledge and professionalism of oral health it will affect the student`s oral health attitudes.

Objectives : This research was conducted to investigate geriatric care workers` oral care, and the oral care conditions of residents of elder care facilities in relation to workers` knowledge of oral care. Methods : A survey was conducted from November 2011 to February 2012 with geriatric-care workers in elder care facilities located in Busan and other areas of Gyeongsangnam-do. Results : With regard to their oral self-care practices, 52.5% of the geriatric workers "brushed their teeth from top to bottom" and 58.1% brushed their teeth 3 times a day. Further, 52.0% did not use any oral care products, while 36.5% used Mouthrinese. The workers who brushed their teeth in their own ways or from top to bottom had significantly higher oral care knowledge scores than those who brushed from left to right (p

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the awareness and performance towards the dental radiation protection behaviors in dental institution s in Busan and Gyeongnam.Methods : Two hundred and one dental medical institutions in Busan and Gyeongnam participated in the survey from March 10 to April 4, 2014. The data were ana lyzed using SPSS 19.0 for χ 2 test, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Corresponding Author Min-Kyung LeeDepartment of Biomedicalhealth scienceDong-eui University176 Eomgwang-ro(Rd)Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-714, Korea.Tel : +82-51-890-4238Fax : +82-51-890-2623E-mail : lmk849@deu.ac.krResults : There were significant differences in the awareness and performance towards the radiation protection behaviors according to age, monthly income , and type of hospital(p

This study examined the relationship between the current chewing difficulty and the dental prosthesis needs of the elderly Koreans to improve their oral health status. A total of 1,177 subjects over 65 years who participated in the the Five Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were examined. An oral examination was conducted to determine the number of missing teeth and dental prosthesis required. A questionnaire was given to measure the sociodemographic characteristics, concerns about oral health, chewing ability and pronunciation ability. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS 19.0 program. The percentage of the current chewing difficulty in Korean elderly was 42.9%. After adjusting for confounder variables, the odds ratio of the fixed prosthodontics needs were 1.22 (95% CI; 0.74 to 2.02), the odds ratio of partial denture needs were 2.47 (95% CI; 1.71 to 3.56) and the odds ratio of the full denture needs were 2.06 (95% CI; 0.73 to 5.81). The dental prosthesis needs were associated with the current chewing difficulty. Therefore, dental prosthesis support policy and public oral health promotion for the elderly is necessary.

This study was performed to identify the oral health behaviors and dental clinics satisfaction of Chinese students' studying in Korea. This research was based on self questionnaire survey which 195 Chinese students in Korea. An interview questionnaire was used to collect information on general characteristics and oral health behaviors. Also, to compare between adults who participated to Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and dental health conditions. The statistical analysis was done by using the SPSS 19.0 program. Chinese students in Korea brushing teeth average appeared to be 2.14, and Korean adults teeth brushing average appeared to be 2.81. So Korean adults brushing teeth appeared to be more higher than Chinese student in Korea(p

The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of daily toothbrushing among Korean adolescents. The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey data were analysed. subject included 75,238 in 2008, 75,066 in 2009 and 73,238 in 2010, which included a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students. The frequency of daily toothbrushing was analysed according to socioeconomic status (gender, age, residential areas, type of school, parents` education and occupation). All survey data collected was processed using SPSS ver 19.0 for data analyses such as frequency analysis, t-test and Chi-square. The mean frequency of daily toothbrushing for 2008 was 3.92, 2009 was 3.96 and 2010 was 3.99. The appearance of toothbrushing after having lunch at school was indicated to be 34.5% in 2008, 38.0% in 2009 and 40.8% in 2010. This study has shown that need to systematic oral health promotion programmes for adolescent in Korea.

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the hand washing management and tooth brushing frequency. Methods : The subjects in this study were 7,285 adults who were selected from the third-year(2009) raw data of the fourth national health & nutrition survey. Results : The mean frequency of daily toothbrushing was 3.35. Increases the frequency of both toothbrushing and hand washing with higher grade class. The higher the tooth brushing frequency, the intention of hand washing management at school and home was more increased. Conclusions : This study can contribute to the general health and oral health promotion.

This study was to compare the dental caries status of deciduous and permanent teeth of middle school students, who has water fluoridation program and non-fluoridated in Ulju-gunn, Korea, the DMF rate of 12-year-olds was 59.3% in the water fluoridation group and 59.5% in non-fluoridated group; there was no difference in two groups. The DMFT index was 1.69 in the water fluoridation group and 2.02 in non-fluoridated group, the DMFT index in the water fluoridation group was lower than non-fluoridated groups. The community water fluoridation program has reduced dental caries incidence rate in deciduous and permanent teeth sufficiently to be worth of extension to other communities.

This aim of this study is to assess the association of between glucose level and periodontal diseases in Korea adults. The data for analysis were obtained from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009. A total of 7,062 subjects who aged 19 years and above, underwent a medical and dental checkups. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes group was 27%, and the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose(IFG) group was 41.2%, diabetes group was 43.6% with periodontitis. IFG and diabetes had significantly higher prevalence of periodotontits compared to those having normal after adjusting confounding variables; the odds ratios were 1.35 (95% confidence interval: 1.17 to 1.55) and 1.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.02 to 1.58), respectively. This study has suggested that diabetes increases the risk of periodontal disease. Proactive, preventative dental and diabetes self care, as well as regular dental and diabetes assessment, are important management strategies for impaied fasting glucose and periodotnal health.

A liquid crystal (LC) device switchable between the reflective and transmissive modes without sub-pixel division is proposed. By using dye-doped nematic LCs for the top LC layer, transflective displays with high reflectance were realized. It is expected that the proposed device can be applied to high-reflectance transflective devices for outdoor applications.

The purpose of this study was to examine current status of the types of dental filling materials and preventive materials among Korean children in mixed dentition. Seven elementary schools were randomly selected from four metropolitan regions in South Korea. The total of 711 children aged 9-10 years old were examined with their parents’ informed consents. Oral examination was conducted by one trained dentist. The mean number of dfs was 7.9±8.0 (ds=1.3±2.5, fs=6.6±7.6) and DMFS was 1.4±2.2 (DS=0.2±0.8, FS=1.1±2.1). The average of filled surfaces using amalgam, composites, sealants, and others were 2.8±3.9, 1.6±2.8, 2.9±3.2, and 4.5±7.0, respectively. The use of dental filling material according to region, the amalgam was the highest in Daegu and the resin was the highest in Pusan. In permanent teeth, about 70% of total filling surfaces had sealant and about 20% was resin fillings, and the proportion of amalgam filling surfaces was less than 10%. Key Words : children, dental filling materials, sealants

We propose a method to enhance the response time of a twisted nematic liquid crystal (TN-LC) cell using an anisotropic polymer. Polymer networks are formed by the phase separation between a LC and a UV-curable polymer. A TN-LC cell is exposed to UV light after the mixture of LC and anisotropic polymer is injected into the TN-LC cell. As a result, turn-off time of a TN-LC cell can be decreased remarkably without any loss of the transmittance. The turn-off time of a TN-LC cell with pure LC was 16 ms, but those of polymer networked TN-LC cells were 12, 11, and 9 ms when the concentration of the polymer was 3, 5, and 10 wt%, respectively. Moreover, by virtue of the polymer network, the backflow effect and the delay time generated during the turn-off process disappeared.

Unmet dental need for health care is a critical indicator of access problems. This study was to examine the possible reasons of unmet dental need, considering the relationship between the socioeconomic and oral health status in Korea elderly. Analysis included 1,174 subjects over 65 years old who participated in the 5 Korea National Health and Nutrition was used to assess the periodontal status. The percentage of unmet dental care needs among older people accounted for 37.5%. Compared with men (35.1%), women (64.9%) showed higher unmet dental care needs. Female, low-level income and low-level educated, chewing difficulty and non-worker demonstrated higher unmet dental care needs, also have their financial problems as the main reason. A combined public policy that addresses financial and nonfinancial barriers to care is required to reduce unmet dental need for oral care.

This study was performed to identify the oral health knowledge and perception of Chinese students' studying in Korea who received the oral health education program. This research was based on selfquestionnaire survey which 94 Chinese students in Korea. An interview questionnaire was used to collect information on general characteristics and oral health knowledge and behaviors. Data were statistically analyzed by x2-test, t-test, one-way ANOVA by using SPSS WIN Ver. 20.0. Proper tooth brushing method has the highest score of 4.40 out of 5 in dental caries preventive behavior, 4.53 out of 5 in periodontitis preventive behavior. It is necessary to investigate motivation factors and influential factors changing the oral health behaviors, knowledge and attitude related to oral health in Chinese Students' Studying in Korea.

We propose a three-terminal dye-doped LC device that is switchable between reflective and transmissive modes without image inversion. An additional LC panel or optical components are not needed for the proposed device, differently from conventional mode-switchable LCDs. Compared to the previous dual panel structure consisting of two vertically-aligned LC layers, an enhancement of the transmittance by more than 4% was obtained because there is no increase in the light absorption by an additional LC panel.

We present a polarization-switching device with dual-frequency liquid crystal material for a stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) display. This device shows good properties, such as low 3D cross talk and high brightness, due to a fast dynamic response time. Without optical compensation, however, this device has an asymmetric contrast ratio on the left- and right-hand sides of 3D glasses, because the viewing principles on both sides are different from each other. To solve this problem, we design an optical structure with two half-wave plate films using the Jones matrix method. As the results of simulation and experiment show, excellent dark states and high brightness are realized over the entire range of visible wavelengths on both sides.

Hye-Jung Jin, Beak-Il Kim, Deok-Young Park, Seong-Hwa Jeong, Kwang-Hak Bae, Jin-Bom Kim, Seung-Hwa Jeong, Hye-Rin Lee, Gyeong-Ji Woo, Youn-Hee Choi Department of Dental Hygiene, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Helath, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Department of of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University & Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung, Faculty of Health Science, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Department of Preventive & Public Health Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu, Korea

Department of Dental Hygiene, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Department of Preventive & Public Health Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Department of of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University & Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung, Faculty of Health Science, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Helath, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu, Korea

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between periodontal health and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a Korean population. Methods: The Community Periodontal Index (CPI) data of 7,264 subjects, aged over 25 years, who participated in the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to assess the periodontal status of the population. Severity of COPD in the subjects was classified according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) definition. Results: Subjects with more severe COPD were more likely to have severe periodontal disease. After adjustment for gender, age, monthly income, education, economic activity, and occupation, the odds ratio of COPD was 1.18 (95% Confidence interval (CI), 0.63-2.21) for severe periodontal disease in the study sample. When stratified by smoking status, the odds ratio of current smokers was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.41-2.05) and that of non-smokers was 1.29 (95% CI, 0.64-2.59). Conclusions: Periodontal health was not significantly related to the severity of the COPD, even though smoking was a common risk factor. This is the first study examining the relationship between periodon- tal health and COPD in a Korean population. Studies that further investigate the causal relationship be- tween the two are recommended.

Copyright © 2013 by Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objectives: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of dental amalgam, a restorative material, on children by measuring the mercury concentration in the urine as well as the number of teeth filled with dental amalgam. Methods: Twenty children enrolled in grades 1-4 of two elementary schools in Daegu participated in this study. One trained dentist performed oral examinations and removed amalgam restorations from the teeth with a high and low speed handpiece. In order to measure the urinary mercury concentrations, urine samples were collected from all participants at baseline and immediately and 24 hours after removal of the dental amalgam restorations. Results: The mean number of teeth from which the amalgam restorations was removed was 9.8 while the mean urinary mercury concentrations at baseline, immediately, and 24 hours after removal of dental amalgam restorations were 2.66, 2.76, and 2.76 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The mean urinary mercury concentration increased consistently after amalgam restoration removal. For those participants whose removed amalgamated surfaces were more than 11, the mean urinary mercury concentration immediately after amalgam restoration removal and 24 hours after removal increased consistently but showed no significant difference. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that dental amalgam restoration was related to urinary mercury concentration, and these findings present a possibility of mercury accumulation in the body. Therefore, we suggest future longitudinal studies to ensure the safety of children exposed to mercury by establishing criteria for amalgam removal.

We propose a single panel liquid crystal (LC) device that is switchable between reflective and transmissive modes. Operation in the reflective mode can be achieved by applying a vertical field to a dye-doped LC device, whereas the device can be in-plane switched for operation in the transmissive mode. Image inversion that was inevitable in a single panel device using a reflective polarizer is effectively eliminated through the absorption of ambient light by the dye-doped LCs. We believe that the proposed device can be applied to various display systems for outdoor mobile use.

We propose a liquid crystal (LC) alignment method that can align LC molecules homogeneously on ion-beam-exposed indium–tin-oxide (IB-ITO) surface without coating alignment layer. To achieve high quality alignment conditions, the ion beam exposure energy and time have been found to be in the range from 50 to 1500 eV and from 1 to 300 s, respectively. On the IB-ITO surface treated under these conditions, a groove pattern is formed to be parallel to the ion beam exposure direction and optical anisotropy is induced to be parallel to the groove pattern, which causes the LC molecules to align. Moreover, thermal stability is ensured by baking the IB-ITO surface, due to effects such as an increase in polar anchoring energy. According to this method, the coating process of alignment layer is eliminated as well as alignment material is saved, which reduce fabrication cost.

We propose liquid-crystal (LC) devices capable of switching between reflective and transmissive modes using the scattering and transparent states of long-pitch cholesteric LCs (CLCs). Two different device configurations can be realized by changing the location of a CLC layer. Low-power operation without the parallax problem can be achieved using the bistable switching of CLCs. We believe that the proposed devices are potential candidates for highly efficient transflective displays.

We propose an optical configuration for a nematic liquid crystal (LC) device that is switchable between the reflective and the transmissive modes. By placing a reflective polarizer between the two LC layers, we obtain higher reflectance and reduce the parallax effect in the reflective mode. We can eliminate the parallax effect by using a wire-grid polarizer or other in-cell reflective polarizers. We expect that the proposed device can be used in various outdoor applications.

We propose a switchable achromatic reflector using a long-pitch cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) whose Bragg reflection wavelength is chosen to be infrared by controlling the pitch of the CLC so that the planar texture is transparent over the entire visible wavelength. By using the light scattering of the focal conic texture, achromatic reflection can be achieved. Both textures are stable at zero electric field and the operating voltage of the proposed CLC device is much lower than that of conventional CLC devices. The proposed switchable reflector, which can be operated at a low voltage with low power, can be applied to reflective displays and to light shutters. By coupling with a reflective polarizer the efficiency of light scattering at the focal conic texture can be enhanced.