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Purpose: This study aimed to assess exposure to traumatic events, knowledge and attitudes concerning post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the level of resilience among nurses and paramedics working in emergency departments. Methods: Data were collected from May 22 to June 12, 2022, using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The participants comprised 135 nurses and 80 paramedics working in emergency departments. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, a t-test, and an analysis of variance with Scheffé’s test. Results: Compared with emergency room nurses, paramedics were more positive about the government’s spending on job opportunities for people with PTSD. There were no significant differences in attitude regarding government strategies and people with PTSD between nurses and paramedics. Paramedics had higher scores on the effective treatment for PTSD, while emergency room nurses showed higher scores on effective psychotherapy. General knowledge of PTSD differed according to sex (t=-2.33, p=.021) and education level (F=3.21, p=.042). Resilience scores differed significantly according to sex (t=2.02, p=.045), education level (F=4.10, p=.018), self-reported economic state (F=10.34, pp

Purpose:This study tested the effectiveness of brochure- and video-based education on managing surgical site infections by operating room health personnel.Methods: From April 20 to May 4, 2021, 34 operating room health personnel were subjected to training on surgical site infection management using brochures and educational videos. A survey was then conducted on knowledge, perception, and adherence regarding surgical site infection management.Results: After receiving training on surgical site infection management, the knowledge score increased significantly (15.15±2.09 vs.19.70±1.96, p

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and share experiences of male nurses who have been rejected during their nursing practice by their patients. Methods: The participants were 12 male nurses who have worked in several hospitals. Data were collected through personalized in-depth interviews. Collected data were analyzed with the content analysis method. Results: The results can be categorized into three main themes. 1. Rejection based on gender stereotypes of nurses' roles. 2. Nurses' reactions when nursing was rejected 3. Reestablishing the role as a nurse. The results of this study showed that male nurses were struggling to maintain their own positions as professional nurses. They were refused by their patients and they experienced a lack of skill and knowledge in nursing practice. They were harmed physically and psychologically from being turned down, and sometimes they had serious conflicts with female nurses. Meanwhile, the male nurses tried to be faithful to their role as professional nurses. Conclusion: The results of this study show the following findings. 1. The male nurses' experiences where mostly ones of understanding and cooperation with patients' caregivers. 2. The need for public relations advertising and systematic support from the media. 3. The need for improving gender equality for nurses. 4. Strengthening male nursing students' endeavors for sound nursing professionalism.

Purpose: This study is aimed at grasping the benefit/effect of program promoting intention to exercise performance based theory of planned behavior in the elderly who live in the rural areas with degenerative joint diseases (DJDs). Methods: There were 2 groups; 32 people in the experimental group and 24 in the control group, all above the age of 60. Program promoting intention to exercise performance was applied to the experimental group for 12 weeks. Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed a significant the increase of attitude towards exercise, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, exercising intention, and exercise performance. Also, pain as a physical function, joint stiffness, ADLs, body flexibility, parallel, perceived health state as a psychological function, and life satisfaction were significantly improved. Conclusion: We expect that program promoting intention to exercise performance is used in nursing practice for the elderly with DJDs are needed to manage lifestyle.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors affecting on depression among female middle school students. Methods: A survey was conducted on 217 first and second grade female middle school students in C city. Participants' general characteristics, home environment, level of depression, paternal, maternal, peer attachment, school adjustment were measured by self-reporting questionnaire. With SPSS 18.0 program, measured variables were analyzed and compared using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe post hoc test, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: The level of depression among female middle school students were higher among students with lower economic status, second in birth order, and second grade in school. The level of depression was negatively associated with the level of paternal attachment (r=-.522), maternal attachment (r=-.487), peer attachment (r=-.376), relationship with teachers in school adjustment (r=-.274), relationship with friends in school adjustment (r=-.378), classroom behavior (r=-.450), school regulation (r=-.267). About 42% of depression among female middle school students were explained by paternal attachment, relationship with friends in school adjustment, and classroom behavior. Conclusion: Paternal attachment was identified as the most influencing factor on depression among female middle school students. Encouraging paternal involvement in the process of school adjustment might be a useful intervention to decrease depression among middle school girls.

전염병 예방을 위해 중요한 감염통제의 가장 기초적인 방법은 손 씻기라고 할 수 있는데, 대부분의 감염성 질환은 세균이 묻은 손을 눈이나 코, 입 등을 만져 감염이 되는 경우가 많기 때문이다. 손 씻기란 손의 표면을 강하고 간단하게 문질러 흐르는 물에 헹구어 내는 행위로, 손 씻기만 하여도 손의 미생물 52.8%가 감소되는 결과가 나타났으며(Jeong, Choi, Lee, & Kim, 2003), 매년 학교에서 발생하는 식중독 사고 역시 손 씻기만 잘해도 70% 이상을 예방할 수 있는 것(Jang, 2007)으로 보고되었다.우리나라는 2005년 7월 ‘범국민 손 씻기 운동본부’ 발족 후 2005

건강심사평가원에 따르면, 2007년에 비해 2011년에 20세 미만에서 6.6%, 20-29세에서 4.6%로 골다공증이 증가하였으며(Health In-surance Review & Assessment Service [HIRA], 2012), 2009년도부터 국민건강 영양조사에 골관절염 검사 항목을 추가하였고 골밀도 검사 항목 대상자를 만 10세 이상으로 하향 조정(Ministry of Health & Welfare [MOHW], Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention [KCDC], 2010)하는 등 최근 골다공증의 중요성이 부각되고 있다.골다공증은 골량의 감소, 골조직의 퇴화, 미세구조의 이상으로 뼈의 강도가 약해져 골절이 일어날 가능성이 높은 질환이다(Kore-an Society for Bone and Mineral Research [KSBMR], 2008). 골밀도는무기질이 침착되어 있는 골량을 나타내는 지표로서 골다공증은 낮

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to closely examine the effects on bone mineral density and health promotion behaviors following the intervention of a 20-week Thera band exercise program targeting elderly women. Methods: This study is a pseudo-experimental research with a pre-and-post design in a single group that examined the effects after the intervention of Thera Band Exercise for 20 weeks targeting 31 elderly women over 60 years of age who visit a Senior Welfare Center located in K city. It analyzed subjects` general characteristics using error and percentage, health promotion behavior, and a bone density aspect using the mean and standard deviation, as well as a change in the health promotion behavior and bone density, before and after exercise with Paired t-test by using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The effect of the Thera band exercise program on bone mineral density was reduced (t

This study was carried out by practical method in a subjectivity study accessible in-depth, in sloughing off old habit of functional quantity analysis about a subjectivity of fire-public servant in nation. The perception pattern come out in this study were divided into four types in Q-methodology. The result is as follows ; it is divided into 1[(N=26) : Occupational Type], 2[(N=11) : Experience Type], 3[(N=1) : Human Type], 4[(N=2) : Justice Type]. There are four types of fire fighter images. In conclusion, this study is to ascertain acceptance behavior about Reception Type on a subjectivity of fire-public servant in nation ; to offer a developmental suggestion about it. Key Words : Fire fighter, Q-Methodology, Subjectivity study * 교신저자 : 이제영(jylee1231@empas.com)접수일 11년 08월 26일 수정일 11년 09월 22일 게재확정일 11년 10월 06일 1. 서론 화재를 예방하고 불이 났을 때 불을 꺼주며 , 소방시설을 관리하고 긴급한 사태에 대비해 119구조 운영과 관리를 주로 하는 소방공무원(消防公務員)은 국민의 생명, 신체, 재산을 보호하는 것을 직무로 하고 있다[1]. 특히, 이러한 소방관들은 화재를 예방·경계하거나 진압하고 화재, 재난 ·재해 그 밖의 위급한 상황에서의 구조 구급활동 등을 통하여 국민의 생명·신체 및 재산을 보호함으로써 공공의 안녕질서 유지와 복리증진에 이바지함을 목적으로

This study was done to identify awareness of human rights in nursing students, and to evaluate the factors affecting human rights for nursing students. A cross-sectional design was used, with a convenience sample of 440 nursing students from two university in Incheon and Kangwon province. The score for right consciousness was much higher than duty consciousness inherent in human rights. The predicting factor for human rights was mother`s rearing attitude in terms of autonomy and this factor explained 7.6% of human rights for nursing students. There was a significant difference on human rights for nursing students according to age and awareness of human rights were related to perceived parents` rearing attitude, self-esteem, psychological home environment.

Summary Purpose This study was conducted to assess predictor variables of husbands in multicultural families and examine the relationship among variables after setting up a hypothetical model including influencing factors, so as to provide a framework necessary for developing nursing interventions of domestic violence. Methods The participants were 260 husbands in multicultural families in four cities in Korea. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 20.0. Results Self-control, social support, family of origin violence experience and stress on cultural adaptation directly affected to dysfunctional communication, and the explanatory power of the variables was 64.7%. Family of origin violence experience in domestic stress on cultural adaptation, and dysfunctional communication were directly related to domestic violence in multicultural families, and the explanatory power of the variables was 64.6%. We found out that all variables in the model had mediation effects to domestic violence through dysfunctional communication. In other words, self-control and social support had complete mediation effects, and family of origin violence experience in domestic violence and stress on cultural adaptation had partial mediation effects. Conclusions The variables explained in this study should be considered as predictive factors of domestic violence in multicultural families, and used to provide preventive nursing intervention. Our resutls can be taken into account for developing and implementing programs on alleviating dysfunctional communication in multicultural families in Korea.

Successful reconstruction of large-diameter blood vessel in humans has been demonstrated using the tissue engineering technique, but improvement in patency of small-diameter bioartificial vascular graft remains a great challenge. This study reports that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can enhance in vivo endothelialization of tissue-engineered vascular grafts, which could be used to improve patency of small-diameter vascular graft. Vascular grafts were tissue engineered with decellularized canine abdominal aortas and canine autologous bone marrow-derived cells. Prior to cell seeding onto decellularized graft matrices, bone marrow-derived cells were induced to differentiate into endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The cell-seeded vascular grafts were implanted into the abdominal aortas of bone marrow donor dogs. Before and after graft implantation, G-CSF was administered subcutaneously to the dogs (n = 3). The grafts implanted into the dogs not receiving G-CSF were used as controls (n = 3). Eight weeks after implantation, grafts in both groups showed regeneration of vascular tissues including endothelium and smooth muscle. Importantly, endothelium formation was more extensive in the G-CSF-treated grafts than in the control grafts, as assessed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, intimal hyperplasia was significantly reduced in the G-CSF-treated grafts compared to the control grafts. This study suggests that G-CSF administration could be applied to improve patency of small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts.

현대사회의급속한의료기술발달과생활수준향상에도불 구하고각종정신질환은증가추세에있고 그중에서도우울 , 증이 가장크게증가하고있는데 우울증상은 두려움 불안 , , , 슬픔 분노 놀라움 즐거움등의정서상태가비정상적이고부 , , , 적응상태일때나타난다 또한우울은자신에대한부정적 [1]. 인식의결과로나타나며 근심 침울 실패감 상실감 무기력 , , , , , 및무가치감등을보이고 정신 , ‧신체적활동의일반적인저하 가수반된저항할수없는정서적태도로부적절한감정과절 망감이일상적인우울로부터병적인상태에이르기까지의다 양한정서장애이다[2,3]. 특히우울증은남자보다여자에게 배정도많이발생하는 2 데 여자는평생동안 가 남자는평생동안 가 , 10~25% , 5~12% 적어도한번은우울증에걸린다 여성우울증발생빈도가 [1]. 높은 이유는 성에 따른 생물학적차이 뿐만 아니라 여성만이 국내여성우울중재연구에관한분석 통합적고찰 최은영 이은희 · 2 현혜진 · 3 변미경 · 4

방문간호 서비스는 노인장기요양보험 제도 하에 시행되고 있는 재가장기 요양보호서비스 중 하나로 의학적인 처치가 필요한 노인성 질환자의 가정에 직접 방문하여 기본적인 간호, 검사, 상담, 교육, 의뢰 등 전반적인 서비스를 간호사가 제공하는 간호 서비스이다. 본 연구자는 방문간호 서비스 질의 향상과 방문간호 사업의 활성화를 위해 방문간호 서비스를 이용하고 있는 대상자가 지각하는 방문간호 서비스의 중요도와 성과도를 측정하여 분석하였다. 대상자가 지각하는 방문간호 서비스의 중요도는 총 5점 만점에 4.0점으로 입원 환자를 대상으로 한 연구(Lee, 2003)보다는 높은 결과로 나타났다. 이는 대상자 대부분 노인성 질환이 있는 상태로서 방문간호를 통해 전문적인 처치를 제공받는다면 건강 및 기능 상태에 도움을 받을 수 있는(Lee, Han, & Kang, 2011) 서비스로 생각하기 때문에 나타난 결과라고 여겨진다. 방문간호 서비스에 대한 중요도에서 영역별 분석 결과 공감성이 가장 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 입원 환자를 대상으로 한 연구(Joo, 2002; Sung, Kwon, & Kim, 2006)와 유사한 결과로 간호 서비스 제공 시 대상자의 개별적인 배려와 세심한 관심을 두고 접근해야 한다는 의미로 받아들일 수 있다. 반면, 방문간호 서비스의 중요도 영역별에서 유형성은 다른 영역에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타나 입원 환자를 대상으로 한 연구(Sung et al., 2006)와 일치하는 결과로 나타났다. 이는 외형적인 시설이나 장비, 용모보다는 대상자의 건강문제에 대한 심각성이 더욱 중요하다고 여기기 때문에 나타난 결과라고 볼 수 있다. 방문간호 서비스의 성과도는 총 5점 만점에 3.9점으로 나타나 입원 환자를 대상으로 한 연구(Lee, 2003)보다는 높게 나타났다. 이는 병원에 방문하지 않아도 된다는 점과 익숙지 않은 병원 환경보다는 친숙하고 편안한 환경인 자신의 집에서 건강문제와 관련된 포괄적인 간호 서비스를 제공받는다는 점, 입원 환자보다는 간호사와의 밀접한 상호작용이 되므로 건강문제 파악이 잘 되어 요구에 맞는 간호 서비스가 제공된 결과라 생각된다. 방문간호 서비스에 대한 성과도의 영역별에서 가장 높게 나타난 공감성은 입원 환자를 대상으로 한 연구(Sung et al., 2006)와 일치하는 결과이다. 이는 대다수가 고령이고 심리적으로 위축되어 자존감이 저하된 대상자들에게 건강문제를 돕기 위해 신체적 간호뿐 아니라 정서적인 지지가 되는 간호가 제공되었음을 보여주는 긍정적인 결과라고 할 수 있겠다. 방문간호 서비스에 대한 성과도의 영역별에서 유형성은 총 5점 만점에 3.7점으로 비교적 높은 점수이지만 다른 영역 요인에 비교했을 때 낮게 나타난 것으로 여겨진다. 이는 간호 서비스 질에 관한 선행연구(Kim & Ha, 2009; Sung et al., 2006)와 일치하는 결과이나, Joo (2002)의 연구결과와 상반되는 결과로 간호사의 용모나 시설, 장비에 대한 외적인 환경 보다는 실질적으로 제공받는 간호 서비스를 더 중요시 생각하고 그에 대한 성과를 높이 평가했기 때문에 나타난 결과라고 생각한다. 그러나 간호서비스의 유형성 부분을 간과할 수 없으므로 유형성의 성과 수준을 올리는 방안을 모색하여 관리가 될 수 있는 전략을 세워야 할 것이다. 대상자의 일반적 특성 및 서비스 관련 특성에 따른 방문간호 서비스 중요도를 보면 종교(F=2.98, p =.034)와 등급(F=5.31, p =.005), 서비스 받는 이유(F=2.74, p =.043)에 있어서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 사후 분석 결과 종교에 따른 방문간호 서비스 중요도는 종교 유무에 따라 유의한 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 종교기관은 종교적 의식 뿐 아니라 자원봉사, 건강증진, 및 홍보 등과 같은 교육기능, 사회복지서비스 기능 등 사회관계망 형성 등의 역할도 담당한다. 노인들은 종교 활동을 통해 넓은 사회적 연결망을 형성하고 그 안의 사람들과의 상호작용의 기회를 통해(Kim, 2006) 방문간호서비스의 도입목적을 인지한 결과 중요도가 높게 나타난 것이라고 여겨진다. 그러나 노인의 종교 활동이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향에 관한 경로분석을 한 연구(Kim, 2006)에서는 종교 유무에 따른 삶의 만족도는 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나 종교를 가지고 있느냐 없느냐 보다는 종교생활의 질이나 양에 따라 노인의 삶에 미치는 영향이 달라질 수 있다고 하였다. 따라서 종교 활동에 따른 방문 간호서비스 중요도를 비교분석하는 추후 연구가 필요하다 하겠다. 등급에서는 3등급 대상자보다 1등급 대상자가 방문간호 서비스를 더 중요하다고 생각하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 전적으로 도움이 필요한 대상자는 간호 서비스에 대한 요구도가 높다는 결과를 보고한 장기재원 환자를 대상으로 한 연구(Lee, 2005)와 관련해서 해석해 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서 1등급 대상자의 상태는 질병의 중증에 해당하는 경우로 질병 악화 방지나 질병 회복을 위해서는 방문간호 서비스를 필요한 요소로 생각하기 때문에 나타난 결과라 여겨진다. 또한, 서비스 받는 이유에 있어서는 튜브 관리를 받아야 하는 대상자가 건강 체크를 받는 대상자보다 방문간호 서비스의 중요성이 높다고 하였다. 이는 튜브 관리는 반드시 전문적인 간호사에 의해서 제공되는 의료 서비스이기 때문에 나타난 결과라고 볼 수 있다. 대상자의 일반적 특성 및 서비스 관련 특성에 따른 방문간호 서비스 성과도를 보면, 질환(F=3.78, p =.005), 등급(F=7.01, p

This research is to understand the effects of senior simulation on employees of elderly care facilities and utilize it in their job training. Methods: This research is a nonequivalence control group pre-to-post quasi-experiment research. 18 employees who have experienced senior simulation are set as test group and 18 other employees who have not experienced senior simulation are set as control group. Results: The hypothesis that ``the test group which has experienced senior simulation will show a positive change in their attitude on elderly care, compared to the control group`` and ``the test group which has experienced senior simulation will show a positive change in understanding of elders, compared to the control group`` was supported. The hypothesis that ``the test group which has experienced senior simulation will show a positive change in job satisfaction and performance of duties, compared to the control group`` was dismissed. Conclusion: The senior simulation seems to contribute to elderly care facilities employees` change in their viewpoints of elders and broaden their understanding of them. The senior simulation was meaningful to provide basic help with implementing job training programs.

Background Hair dryers are commonly used and can cause hair damage such as roughness, dryness and loss of hair color. It is important to understand the best way to dry hair without causing damage. Objective The study assessed changes in the ultra-structure, morphology, moisture content, and color of hair after repeated shampooing and drying with a hair dryer at a range of temperatures. Methods A standardized drying time was used to completely dry each hair tress, and each tress was treated a total of 30 times. Air flow was set on the hair dryer. The tresses were divided into the following five test groups: (a) no treatment, (b) drying without using a hair dryer (room temperature, 20℃), (c) drying with a hair dryer for 60 seconds at a distance of 15 cm (47℃), (d) drying with a hair dryer for 30 seconds at a distance of 10 cm (61℃), (e) drying with a hair dryer for 15 seconds at a distance of 5 cm (95℃). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and lipid TEM were performed. Water content was analyzed by a halogen moisture analyzer and hair color was measured with a spectrophotometer. Results Hair surfaces tended to become more damaged as the temperature increased. No cortex damage was ever noted, suggesting that the surface of hair might play a role as a barrier to prevent cortex damage. Cell membrane complex was damaged only in the naturally dried group without hair dryer. Moisture content decreased in all treated groups compared to the untreated control group. However, the differences in moisture content among the groups were not statistically significant. Drying under the ambient and 95℃ conditions appeared to change hair color, especially into lightness, after just 10 treatments. Conclusion Although using a hair dryer causes more surface damage than natural drying, using a hair dryer at a distance of 15 cm with continuous motion causes less damage than drying hair naturally.