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743 results on '"Hydroxycorticosteroids"'

1. Study Results from Auburn University Provide New Insights into Progesterone Congeners (Pregnenolone 16-Alpha Carbonitrile, an Agonist of Rodent Pregnane X Receptor, Regulates Testosterone Biosynthesis in Rodent Leydig Cells).

Abstract

A study conducted by researchers at Auburn University in Alabama has found that certain xenobiotics, including drugs, supplements, and environmental chemicals, can disrupt testosterone homeostasis by regulating testosterone biosynthesis in rodent Leydig cells. The researchers discovered that the pregnane X receptor (PXR), a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor, is expressed in rodent Leydig cells and that activation of PXR by pregnenolone 16-alpha carbonitrile (PCN) leads to a decrease in testosterone secretion. This decrease is associated with a decrease in the expression of key steroidogenic enzymes involved in testosterone synthesis. These findings provide a potential mechanism for the disruption of testosterone homeostasis by xenobiotics. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

2. Researcher at Fudan University Releases New Study Findings on Corpus Luteum Hormones (Effects of progesterone administered to maternal rats during the teratogenesis-sensitive period through different routes on neurobehavior and gut microbiota...).

Subjects
PROGESTERONE, ORAL drug administration, INTRAMUSCULAR injections, GUT microbiome, NEWSPAPER editors
Abstract

A recent study conducted at Fudan University in Shanghai, China, examined the effects of progesterone (P4) administration through different routes on offspring growth and development in pregnant rats. The study compared the effects of P4 administered via intragastric gavage, intramuscular injection, and vaginal administration. The researchers found that there were no significant differences in fertility outcomes among the three administration routes. However, offspring in the intragastric gavage group exhibited increased swimming time and decreased non-social behaviors compared to the control group. Additionally, the composition of the gut microbiota in the offspring differed among the three P4 treatment groups. The study suggests that oral administration of P4 during the teratogenesis-sensitive period can enhance motor endurance and alter gut microbiota composition in offspring. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

3. Study Findings from KTH Royal Institute of Technology Broaden Understanding of Hormone Replacement Therapy (Divergent mechanisms of steroid inhibition in the human r1 GABAA receptor).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology has shed light on the mechanisms of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The study focused on the r1 GABAA receptor, which is a potential target for the treatment of visual, sleep, and cognitive disorders. The researchers used cryo-EM structures, electrophysiology, and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the inhibitory mechanisms of two neuroactive steroids, b-estradiol and pregnenolone sulfate, on the r1 GABAA receptor. The findings revealed contrasting mechanisms of inhibition by these steroids, which could have implications for subtype-specific gating and the design of pharmacological treatments. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

4. Research on Adrenocortical Carcinoma Reported by a Researcher at Sichuan University (Serum steroid profiling in the diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma: a prospective cohort study).

Subjects
ADRENAL diseases, PROGESTERONE, ADRENAL cortex, ENDOCRINE glands, ENDOCRINE diseases, ADRENAL tumors
Abstract

A recent report from Sichuan University in China discusses the use of serum steroid profiling in the diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). The study aimed to determine the accuracy of clinically available serum markers in diagnosing ACC. The researchers found that measurements of 11-deoxycortisol, 17OH-progesterone, and 17OH-pregnenolone could be valuable in diagnosing ACC. The study suggests that serum steroid profiling could be integrated into clinical practice after appropriate validation. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

5. Patent Application Titled "A Biomarker for Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Estrogen in Exosomes and a Breast Cancer Diagnosis Kit Using the Biomarker" Published Online (USPTO 20240219389).

Abstract

A patent application titled "A Biomarker for Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Estrogen in Exosomes and a Breast Cancer Diagnosis Kit Using the Biomarker" has been published online. The inventors aim to provide a biomarker composition for breast cancer diagnosis that includes estrogen in blood-derived exosomes. They also propose a breast cancer diagnosis kit that detects the expression level of a steroid hormone, and an information providing method for breast cancer diagnosis that involves collecting samples, confirming the steroid hormone level, and comparing it to a normal control group. The patent application highlights the importance of identifying the role of exosomes as carriers of steroid hormones and their potential application in disease diagnosis and treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

6. Department of Developmental Neurobiology Details Findings in Pain and Central Nervous System (Sometimes Steroids Get a Bad Rap).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by the Department of Developmental Neurobiology in Staten Island, New York, explored the effects of trilostane, a steroid inhibitor, on the progression of epilepsy in rats. The researchers found that trilostane significantly increased the levels of various neurosteroids in the brain, which resulted in a decrease in seizure occurrence. This suggests that the increased availability of neurosteroids may have a disease-modifying effect on epilepsy. The study has been peer-reviewed and provides valuable insights into potential treatments for epilepsy. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

7. Research from Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy Yields New Findings on Schizophrenia (Advancements in Non-Dopaminergic Treatments for Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Pipeline Developments).

Subjects
UNIVERSITY faculty, SCHIZOPHRENIA, PHARMACY, CLINICAL trials, SPECIALTY pharmacies, ARIPIPRAZOLE, MENTAL illness, AMISULPRIDE
Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers at Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy in Tokyo, Japan, has identified several non-dopaminergic compounds that show promise in the treatment of schizophrenia. The study found that conventional antipsychotic drugs, which target dopaminergic neural transmission, are ineffective in about one-third of patients with schizophrenia. The researchers conducted a systematic review of completed phase II and III trials and identified 16 compounds that demonstrated significant efficacy compared to placebo. These compounds offer novel symptom-specific therapeutic strategies for patients with schizophrenia, providing hope for improved treatment options in the future. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

8. Study Findings from Aljouf University Provide New Insights into Sulfur Group Transferases (The role of genetic polymorphisms in the sulfation of pregnenolone by human cytosolic sulfotransferase SULT2B1a).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers at Aljouf University explored the role of genetic polymorphisms in the sulfation of pregnenolone by human cytosolic sulfotransferase SULT2B1a. Pregnenolone is an important intermediate in the production of steroid hormones and neuroprotective steroids. The researchers generated and analyzed 13 different allozymes of SULT2B1a, which are variants of the enzyme, and found that 11 of them showed reduced activity towards pregnenolone compared to the wild-type enzyme. This study suggests that genetic polymorphisms can impact the sulfation of pregnenolone in individuals with different SULT2B1 genotypes. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

9. New York University Abu Dhabi Researchers Publish Findings in Hydroxycorticosteroids (Pregnenolone sulfate induces transcriptional and immunoregulatory effects on T cells).

Abstract

Researchers from New York University Abu Dhabi have published a study on the effects of pregnenolone sulfate, a steroid metabolite, on T cells. The study found that pregnenolone sulfate induces T cell death and reduces proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. RNA sequencing analysis revealed the downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes and the upregulation of the steroid nuclear receptor superfamily, NR4A, as early-response genes. These findings contribute to our understanding of the transcriptional regulation driving the immunoregulatory effects of pregnenolone sulfate on T cells. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

10. Studies Conducted at University of Southern California (USC) on Progesterone Congeners Recently Reported (Mitochondrial Cytochrome P450 1b1 Is Involved In Pregnenolone Synthesis In Human Brain Cells).

Abstract

A recent study conducted at the University of Southern California (USC) has explored the role of progesterone congeners in the synthesis of pregnenolone in human brain cells. Pregnenolone, a neurosteroid and major steroid precursor, has potential therapeutic applications in various diseases. The researchers identified three enzyme candidates responsible for pregnenolone production in the human brain: CYP27A1, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1. Further experiments showed that only knockdown of CYP1B1 significantly decreased pregnenolone production. This research provides valuable insights into the synthesis of neurosteroids and their potential therapeutic applications. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

11. Targeting Allopregnanolone to Probe Behavioral and Neurobiological Mechanisms That Underlie Depression in Women Across the Menopause Transition.

Abstract

A clinical trial, NCT06238700, has been launched to investigate the effects of enhanced allopregnanolone activity on behavior and neurobiology related to perimenopausal depression in women. The trial aims to amplify the contrast between lower endogenous allopregnanolone levels in perimenopausal women and higher levels induced by pregnenolone, an over-the-counter dietary supplement. The study will use a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design and will measure changes in depressive symptoms using the Ruminative Responses Scale. The trial is not yet recruiting participants and is expected to be completed by August 31, 2027. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

12. Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Researchers Advance Knowledge in Antiarrhythmic Agents (Pregnenolone 16a-carbonitrile negatively regulates hippocampal cytochrome P450 enzymes and ameliorates phenytoin-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity).

Abstract

Researchers from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in China have made advancements in understanding antiarrhythmic agents. They found that the drug pregnenolone 16a-carbonitrile (PCN) can regulate the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) in the liver and hippocampus. The study showed that PCN treatment protected mice from the neurotoxic effects of the antiepileptic drug phenytoin (PHT) by inhibiting CYP expression in the hippocampus. The researchers suggest that glucocorticoids may be a potential therapeutic strategy for managing the neuronal side effects of PHT. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

13. Research on Geriatrics and Gerontology Detailed by a Researcher at Boston University (Serum Metabolomics Signatures of Extreme Old Age And Longevity).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers at Boston University explored the metabolomics signatures of extreme old age and longevity in geriatrics and gerontology. The study analyzed serum samples from 213 subjects, including centenarians, offspring, and controls, and identified metabolites that change with age and are differentially abundant between centenarians and controls. The findings confirmed previous studies on aging and identified metabolites associated with longevity. Further research is ongoing to validate these results, which could potentially contribute to the development of new therapeutics for healthy aging. The full article can be accessed for free through the provided link. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

14. Second People's Hospital Researchers Discuss Research in Progesterone Congeners (The hypothalamic steroidogenic pathway mediates susceptibility to inflammation-evoked depression in female mice).

Abstract

A recent report from the Second People's Hospital discusses research on progesterone congeners and their role in depression. The study focuses on the hypothalamus, a sexually dimorphic area of the brain, and its involvement in depression. The researchers used a mouse model of depression to investigate metabolic changes in the hypothalamus and found sex-specific differences in the metabolic alterations associated with depression. They identified the steroidogenic pathway as a potential sex-specific pathway in female mice with depressive-like behaviors and found that exogenous pregnenolone infusion reversed depressive-like behaviors in female mice. The study highlights the marked sexual dimorphism in depression at the metabolic level and provides insights into potential sex-specific pathways for further research. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

15. Islamic Azad University Researchers Publish Findings in Biomarkers (The Ability of Pregnenolone in Proliferation of Mouse Neural Stem Cells and Reduction of Inflammatory and Oxidant Markers after Induction of Inflammation with...).

Abstract

A study conducted by researchers at Islamic Azad University in Marvdasht, Iran, explored the effects of pregnenolone on neural stem cells in the presence of inflammation. Pregnenolone, a precursor to other steroid hormones, has been found to have anti-inflammatory properties. The study found that pregnenolone increased the proliferation of neural stem cells in the presence of inflammation and also reduced inflammatory and oxidant markers. These findings suggest that pregnenolone may have potential therapeutic applications in neuroprotection and nerve regeneration. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

16. Lymphocytoma cutis on the inguinal region: report of a rare case of benign lymphoproliferative disorder

Author

Wildson Santos Craveiro Rosa, Régio José Santiago Girão, Iluska Maria Soares de Carvalho, and Lana Mayara Meneses Lustosa Vargas

Subjects
Corticosteroids, Hydroxycorticosteroids, Hyperplasia, Pseudolymphoma, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

Abstract Lymphocytoma cutis, or benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, is an inflammatory skin lesion that mimics clinically and histologically malignant lymphoma. Most cases are idiopathic, but they may also be triggered by multiple factors, such as insect bites, tattoos, injections and herpes zoster. Clinically, the lesions are erythematous, soft papules, plaques or nodules, usually located on the upper limbs and face. The diagnosis is mainly based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Corticosteroid injections, cryosurgery, PUVA therapy, radiotherapy and surgery can be therapeutic options in cases requiring immediate treatment. To demonstrate an atypical presentation of this tumor, a case lymphocytoma skin on the groin will be reported, describing its diagnosis and treatment.

Published
2017
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17. Ashoka University Researchers Publish New Studies and Findings in the Area of Progesterone Congeners (CLICK-chemoproteomics and molecular dynamics simulation reveals pregnenolone targets and their binding conformations in Th2 cells).

Abstract

Researchers from Ashoka University in Haryana, India have published a new study on progesterone congeners, specifically focusing on pregnenolone (P5) and its role in immune cells. The researchers used a CLICK-enabled probe and high-throughput quantitative proteomics to identify the P5 interactome in CD4+ Th2 cells. They also employed advanced computational algorithms and molecular simulations to understand the molecular interactions between P5 and key proteins. The study revealed the importance of ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and water channels in P5's mode of action, which could potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

18. Findings from Texas Technical University Update Understanding of Alzheimer Disease (Protective Function of Star In Amyloid-beta Accumulated Hippocampal Neurotoxicity and Neurosteroidogenesis: Mechanistic Insights Into Alzheimer's Disease).

Abstract

While mAPP-waned assorted anomalies correlate to AD pathology, deterioration of APP/A beta laden StAR expression and neurosteroid biosyn-thesis was enhanced by retinoid signaling. Moreover, retinoid signaling was found to augment cholesterol content for facilitating neurosteroid biosynthesis in an AD mimetic condition." Keywords: Lubbock; State:Texas; United States; North and Central America; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid; Brain Diseases and Conditions; Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Cholesterol; Dementia; Health and Medicine; Hydroxycorticosteroids; Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions; Peptides and Proteins; Pregnenolone; Proteins; Risk and Prevention; Tauopathies EN Lubbock State:Texas United States North and Central America Alzheimer Disease Amyloid Brain Diseases and Conditions Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Cholesterol Dementia Health and Medicine Hydroxycorticosteroids Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions Peptides and Proteins Pregnenolone Proteins Risk and Prevention Tauopathies 430 430 1 10/03/23 20231006 NES 231006 2023 OCT 6 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Genomics & Genetics Weekly -- New research on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions - Alzheimer Disease is the subject of a report. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

19. Is initial C-reactive protein level associated with corticosteroid use in lupus erythematosus patients during a bacterial infection episode?

Author

Wang, Kuo-Cheng, Liu, Peng-Huei, Yu, Kuang-Hui, Weng, Yi-Ming, Ng, Chip-Jin, Chiu, Te-Fa, and Chen, Shou-Yen

Subjects
*C-reactive protein, *CORTICOSTEROIDS, *LUPUS erythematosus, *BACTERIAL diseases, *INFLAMMATION, *PATIENTS
Abstract

Objective C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker for inflammation, indicates bacterial infection in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) when markedly elevated. Our study investigated the association of regular corticosteroid or immunosuppressant use with initial CRP level in febrile SLE patients with bacterial infection. Methods This retrospective cohort study included adult SLE patients (18 years of age or older) who presented with fever at the emergency department from January 2008 to December 2012. Data were retrieved from our institutional database. Results CRP levels in the total 193 patient database were significantly increased in the bacterial infection group compared to the no infection and non-bacterial infection groups. Seventy-eight (86.7%) of the 90 patients in the bacterial infection group took regular corticosteroids (mean equivalent dose of prednisolone 0.33 ± 0.26 mg/kg/day) and 55 (61.1%) used immunosuppressants. Mean CRP level in the bacterial infection group was 97.8 mg/L. CRP level was lower in patients using corticosteroids, but the difference between users and nonusers of corticosteroids was not statistically significant (p = 0.367). The difference in CRP level between immunosuppressant and non-immunosuppressant users was also not significant (p = 0.599). The Spearman test found no correlation between corticosteroid dosage and CRP level (p = 0.911). Conclusion Initial CRP level was not significantly associated with regular corticosteroid or immunosuppressant use in SLEs patients during a bacterial infection episode, and CRP level was not dose-dependently related to daily corticosteroid use. An elevated CRP level might be an appropriate marker for bacterial infection at the emergency department for febrile SLE patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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20. Effects of methylprednisolone on inflammatory activity and oxidative stress in the lungs of brain-dead rats

Author

Eduardo Sperb Pilla, Raôni Bins Pereira, Luiz Alberto Forgiarini Junior, Luiz Felipe Forgiarini, Artur de Oliveira Paludo, Jane Maria Ulbrich Kulczynski, Paulo Francisco Guerreiro Cardoso, and Cristiano Feijó Andrade

Subjects
Rats, Brain death, Oxidative stress, Lung, Hydroxycorticosteroids, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects that early and late systemic administration of methylprednisolone have on lungs in a rat model of brain death. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were anesthetized and randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 per group): sham-operated (sham); brain death only (BD); brain death plus methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg i.v.) after 5 min (MP5); and brain death plus methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg i.v.) after 60 min (MP60). In the BD, MP5, and MP60 group rats, we induced brain death by inflating a balloon catheter in the extradural space. All of the animals were observed and ventilated for 120 min. We determined hemodynamic and arterial blood gas variables; wet/dry weight ratio; histological score; levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; and catalase activity. In BAL fluid, we determined differential white cell counts, total protein, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation, and TNF-α levels were assessed in lung tissue. RESULTS: No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of hemodynamics, arterial blood gases, wet/dry weight ratio, BAL fluid analysis, or histological score-nor in terms of SOD, myeloperoxidase, and catalase activity. The levels of TBARS were significantly higher in the MP5 and MP60 groups than in the sham and BD groups (p < 0.001). The levels of TNF-α were significantly lower in the MP5 and MP60 groups than in the BD group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this model of brain death, the early and late administration of methylprednisolone had similar effects on inflammatory activity and lipid peroxidation in lung tissue.

Published
2013
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21. Efeitos da metilprednisolona na atividade inflamatória e estresse oxidativo nos pulmões de ratos com morte cerebral Effects of methylprednisolone on inflammatory activity and oxidative stress in the lungs of brain-dead rats

Author

Eduardo Sperb Pilla, Raôni Bins Pereira, Luiz Alberto Forgiarini Junior, Luiz Felipe Forgiarini, Artur de Oliveira Paludo, Jane Maria Ulbrich Kulczynski, Paulo Francisco Guerreiro Cardoso, and Cristiano Feijó Andrade

Subjects
Ratos, Morte encefálica, Estresse oxidativo, Pulmão, Hidroxicorticosteroides, Rats, Brain death, Oxidative stress, Lung, Hydroxycorticosteroids, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da administração sistêmica precoce e tardia de metilprednisolona nos pulmões em um modelo de morte encefálica em ratos. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro ratos Wistar machos foram anestesiados e randomizados em quatro grupos (n = 6 por grupo): sham, somente morte encefálica (ME), metilprednisolona i.v. (30 mg/kg) administrada 5 min após a morte encefálica (MP5) e 60 min após a morte encefálica (MP60). Os grupos ME, MP5 e MP60 foram submetidos à morte encefálica por insuflação de um balão no espaço extradural. Todos os animais foram observados e ventilados durante 120 min. Foram determinadas variáveis hemodinâmicas e gasométricas, relação peso úmido/seco, escore histológico, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico), atividade de superóxido dismutase (SOD) e de catalase, assim como contagem diferencial de células brancas, proteína total e nível de desidrogenase lática no LBA. A atividade da mieloperoxidase, peroxidação lipídica e níveis de TNF-α foram avaliados no tecido pulmonar. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas variáveis hemodinâmicas e gasométricas, relação peso úmido/seco, análises do LBA, escore histológico, SOD, mieloperoxidase e catalase entre os grupos. Os níveis de TBARS foram significativamente maiores nos grupos MP5 e MP60 do que nos grupos sham e ME (p < 0,001). Os níveis de TNF-α foram significativamente menores nos grupos MP5 e MP60 do que no grupo ME (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Neste modelo de morte cerebral, a administração precoce e tardia de metilprednisolona apresentou efeitos semelhantes sobre a inflamação e a peroxidação lipídica no tecido pulmonar.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects that early and late systemic administration of methylprednisolone have on lungs in a rat model of brain death. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were anesthetized and randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 per group): sham-operated (sham); brain death only (BD); brain death plus methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg i.v.) after 5 min (MP5); and brain death plus methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg i.v.) after 60 min (MP60). In the BD, MP5, and MP60 group rats, we induced brain death by inflating a balloon catheter in the extradural space. All of the animals were observed and ventilated for 120 min. We determined hemodynamic and arterial blood gas variables; wet/dry weight ratio; histological score; levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; and catalase activity. In BAL fluid, we determined differential white cell counts, total protein, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation, and TNF-α levels were assessed in lung tissue. RESULTS: No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of hemodynamics, arterial blood gases, wet/dry weight ratio, BAL fluid analysis, or histological score-nor in terms of SOD, myeloperoxidase, and catalase activity. The levels of TBARS were significantly higher in the MP5 and MP60 groups than in the sham and BD groups (p < 0.001). The levels of TNF-α were significantly lower in the MP5 and MP60 groups than in the BD group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this model of brain death, the early and late administration of methylprednisolone had similar effects on inflammatory activity and lipid peroxidation in lung tissue.

Published
2013

23. Researchers Submit Patent Application, "Novel Use", for Approval (USPTO 20230220037).

Subjects
CLUSTER headache, PATENT applications, PATENT offices, PITUITARY adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide
Abstract

Interestingly, treatment with sumatriptan decreased PACAP-38 levels suggesting that sumatriptan may mediate its effects on migraine via PACAP In addition to its role in migraine pathogenesis, PACAP has been implicated in spontaneous headache conditions. "In yet another aspect, the invention provides an inhibitor of human TRPM3 for use in the treatment or prevention of migraine in a human subject whose migraines are responsive to therapy with a triptan. Four monoclonal antibody antagonists of CGRP function and two small molecule CGRP receptor antagonists have been approved by the FDA for migraine prevention in addition to an oral CGRP receptor antagonist approved for symptomatic treatment of migraine. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

24. Findings from Texas Technical University in the Area of Alzheimer Disease Reported (Regulation of Retinoid Mediated Star Transcription and Steroidogenesis In Hippocampal Neuronal Cells: Implications for Star In Protecting Alzheimer's Disease).

Abstract

Deletion and mutational analyses of the 5 & PRIME;-flanking regions of the StAR gene revealed the importance of a retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR)-liver X receptor (LXR) heterodimeric motif at -200/-185 bp region in retinoid responsiveness. Keywords: Lubbock; State:Texas; United States; North and Central America; Alzheimer Disease; Biological Factors; Brain Diseases and Conditions; Carotenoids; Cells; Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Receptors; Dementia; Health and Medicine; Hydroxycorticosteroids; Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions; Neurons; Pregnenolone; Proteins; Retinoic Acid Receptors; Retinoids; Tauopathies EN Lubbock State:Texas United States North and Central America Alzheimer Disease Biological Factors Brain Diseases and Conditions Carotenoids Cells Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Receptors Dementia Health and Medicine Hydroxycorticosteroids Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions Neurons Pregnenolone Proteins Retinoic Acid Receptors Retinoids Tauopathies 373 373 1 07/24/23 20230728 NES 230728 2023 JUL 28 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Genomics & Genetics Weekly -- New research on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions - Alzheimer Disease is the subject of a report. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

25. Reports Summarize Green Technology Findings from QILU University of Technology (Computational Study and Experimental Validation On the Solubility of Drugs In Supercritical Solvent for Assessment of Nanomedicine Production Via Green Technology...).

Abstract

Keywords for this news article include: Shandong, People's Republic of China, Asia, Desoxycorticosterone, Drugs and Therapies, Ecology, Emerging Technologies, Green Technology, Hydroxycorticosteroids, Nanomedicine, Nanotechnology, QILU University of Technology. Keywords: Shandong; People's Republic of China; Asia; Desoxycorticosterone; Drugs and Therapies; Ecology; Emerging Technologies; Green Technology; Hydroxycorticosteroids; Nanomedicine; Nanotechnology EN Shandong People's Republic of China Asia Desoxycorticosterone Drugs and Therapies Ecology Emerging Technologies Green Technology Hydroxycorticosteroids Nanomedicine Nanotechnology 4769 4769 1 07/17/23 20230721 NES 230721 2023 JUL 21 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Current study results on Ecology - Green Technology have been published. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

26. Studies from University of Cagliari Reveal New Findings on Parkinson's Disease (Pregnenolone for the Treatment of L-dopa-induced Dyskinesia In Parkinson's Disease).

Abstract

Keywords: Cagliari; Italy; Europe; Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions; Brain Diseases and Conditions; Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Drugs and Therapies; Dyskinesias; Gonadal Hormones; Health and Medicine; Hydroxycorticosteroids; Movement Disorders; Musculoskeletal Diseases and Conditions; Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions; Neurologic Manifestations; Neurology; Parkinson's Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; Pregnenolone; Progesterone Congeners EN Cagliari Italy Europe Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions Brain Diseases and Conditions Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Drugs and Therapies Dyskinesias Gonadal Hormones Health and Medicine Hydroxycorticosteroids Movement Disorders Musculoskeletal Diseases and Conditions Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions Neurologic Manifestations Neurology Parkinson's Disease Parkinsonian Disorders Pregnenolone Progesterone Congeners 2413 2413 1 07/17/23 20230721 NES 230721 2023 JUL 21 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Drug Week -- A new study on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions - Parkinson's Disease is now available. According to news originating from Cagliari, Italy, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "Growing preclinical and clinical evidence highlights neurosteroid pathway imbalances in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). Cagliari, Italy, Europe, Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions, Brain Diseases and Conditions, Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions, Drugs and Therapies, Dyskinesias, Gonadal Hormones, Health and Medicine, Movement Disorders, Musculoskeletal Diseases and Conditions, Nervous System Diseases and Conditions, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions, Neurologic Manifestations, Neurology, Parkinson's Disease, Parkinsonian Disorders, Pregnenolone, Progesterone Congeners, Hydroxycorticosteroids. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

27. Research in the Area of Apoptosis Reported from King Faisal University (Pregnenolone Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis-Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and NADPH Oxidase 1).

Abstract

For more information on this research see: Pregnenolone Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis-Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and NADPH Oxidase 1. Keywords: Apoptosis; Cardiology; Cardioprotection; Cellular Physiology; Collagenases; Drugs and Therapies; Endopeptidases; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Flavoproteins; Gelatinases; Health and Medicine; Hydroxycorticosteroids; Inflammation; Matrix Metalloproteinase; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Metalloendopeptidases; Metalloproteases; Metalloproteinases; Metalloproteins; NADPH Oxidase; NADPH Oxidoreductases NADH; Oxidase; Peptide Hydrolases; Peptides and Proteins; Pregnenolone; Proteins; Proteomics; Risk and Prevention; Secreted Matrix Metalloproteinases EN Apoptosis Cardiology Cardioprotection Cellular Physiology Collagenases Drugs and Therapies Endopeptidases Enzymes and Coenzymes Flavoproteins Gelatinases Health and Medicine Hydroxycorticosteroids Inflammation Matrix Metalloproteinase Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Matrix Metalloproteinases Metalloendopeptidases Metalloproteases Metalloproteinases Metalloproteins NADPH Oxidase NADPH Oxidoreductases NADH Oxidase Peptide Hydrolases Peptides and Proteins Pregnenolone Proteins Proteomics Risk and Prevention Secreted Matrix Metalloproteinases 980 980 1 06/12/23 20230616 NES 230616 2023 JUN 12 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Drug Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in apoptosis. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

29. Temperatura do ar exalado, um novo biomarcador no controle da asma: um estudo piloto Exhaled breath temperature, a new biomarker in asthma control: a pilot study

Author

Raul Emrich Melo, Todor A Popov, and Dirceu Solé

Subjects
Asma, Biomarcadores farmacológicos, Hidroxicorticosteroides, Asthma, Biomarkers, pharmacological, Hydroxycorticosteroids, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a temperatura do ar exalado (TAE), medida por um método não invasivo, é efetiva no monitoramento de pacientes com asma não controlada. MÉTODOS: Estudo piloto com nove pacientes (sete mulheres e dois homens; média de idade: 39 anos) com diagnóstico de asma por pelo menos um ano e sem uso de tratamento de manutenção por pelo menos três meses antes do início do estudo. Na primeira visita, os pacientes foram submetidos à espirometria e à medida da TAE. Todos os pacientes foram orientados a iniciar tratamento com budesonida/formoterol (200/6 µg) inalatório a cada 12 h por seis semanas. Além disso, os pacientes com asma grave (VEF1 < 60% do previsto) foram orientados a utilizar prednisolona oral (40 mg/dia) por cinco dias. Após seis semanas, os pacientes foram submetidos aos mesmos testes. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes relataram melhora dos sintomas de asma; confirmada por um aumento significativo de VEF1 da primeira para a segunda visita (média de VEF1: 56,1% vs. 88,7% do previsto; p < 0,05). Cinco pacientes utilizaram prednisolona oral, mas somente nos cinco dias iniciais do tratamento. Seis pacientes utilizaram doses extras da medicação inalatória (média de tempo de uso de medicação adicional = 2,5 semanas). Houve uma diminuição significativa da TAE entre os momentos de avaliação (média de TAE: 35,1ºC vs. 34,1ºC; p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A asma não controlada, sobretudo durante exacerbações, é acompanhada pela elevação da TAE, que se reduz após o controle adequado da asma, demonstrado pela melhora do VEF1 e dos sintomas referidos. Esses resultados preliminares apontam para o monitoramento da TAE como um parâmetro possível na avaliação do controle da asma.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the exhaled breath temperature (EBT), measured by a noninvasive method, is an effective means of monitoring patients with uncontrolled asthma. METHODS: A pilot study comprising nine patients (seven women and two men; mean age: 39 years) diagnosed with asthma at least one year prior to the beginning of the study and not having been under maintenance therapy for the last three months. In the first visit, the patients underwent spirometry and measurement of EBT. The patients were then instructed to use inhaled budesonide/formoterol (200/6 µg) every 12 h for six weeks. In addition, the patients with severe asthma (FEV1 < 60% of predicted) were instructed to use oral prednisolone (40 mg/day) for five days. After six weeks, the patients underwent the same tests. RESULTS: All of the patients reported an improvement in the symptoms of asthma, as confirmed by a statistically significant increase in FEV1 from the first to the second visit (mean, 56.1% vs. 88.7% of predicted; p < 0.05). Five patients used oral prednisolone for the first five days of the treatment period. Six patients used additional doses of inhaled budesonide/formoterol (mean duration, 2.5 weeks). The EBT decreased significantly from the first to the second visit (mean EBT: 35.1ºC vs. 34.1ºC; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Uncontrolled asthma, especially during exacerbations, is followed by an increase in EBT, which decreases after appropriate asthma control, as demonstrated by an increase in FEV1 and an improvement of the reported symptoms. These preliminary results suggest that EBT can be used as a parameter for the assessment of asthma control.

Published
2010
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30. Research from Army Medical University Has Provided New Study Findings on Cell Proliferation (1-nitropyrene induces ovarian granulosa cell dysfunction through mitochondrial damage).

Abstract

In addition, the contents of estradiol and pregnenolone in the supernatant of KGN cells were remarkably diminished after 1-NP treatment (P < 0.05), and the expression levels of sex hormone synthesis-related proteins CYP19 and CYP11A1 were inhibited as well (P < 0.05). Keywords: Cell Proliferation; Endocrine Cells; Endocrine Glands; Endocrine System; Estradiol Congeners; Gonadal Hormones; Gonads; Granulosa Cells; Gynecology; Health and Medicine; Hydroxycorticosteroids; Intracellular Membranes; Mitochondrial Membranes; Ovarian Follicle; Pregnenolone; Women's Health EN Cell Proliferation Endocrine Cells Endocrine Glands Endocrine System Estradiol Congeners Gonadal Hormones Gonads Granulosa Cells Gynecology Health and Medicine Hydroxycorticosteroids Intracellular Membranes Mitochondrial Membranes Ovarian Follicle Pregnenolone Women's Health 1631 1631 1 05/29/23 20230529 NES 230529 2023 JUN 2 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Researchers detail new data in cell proliferation. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

33. Data from Delta State University Update Knowledge in Antidiabetic Agents (Antihypertensive and antihyperglycemic effects of combinations of losartan with metformin and/or glibenclamide in desoxycorticosterone acetate and streptozotocin-induced...).

Abstract

Angiotensin II Inhibitors, Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist, Antiarrhythmic Agents, Antidiabetic Agents, Antihypertensives, Biguanides, Biphenyl Compounds, Cardiovascular Agents, Desoxycorticosterone Acetate Therapy, Drugs and Therapies, Health and Medicine, Hydrocarbons, Hydroxycorticosteroids, Desoxycorticosterone, Hypoglycemic Agents, Losartan, Losartan Therapy, Metformin, Metformin Therapy, Non-Sulfonylureas, Pharmaceuticals Keywords for this news article include: Delta State University, Antiarrhythmic Agents, Antidiabetic Agents, Antihypertensives, Pharmaceuticals, Biguanides, Hydrocarbons, Losartan Therapy, Metformin Therapy, Non-Sulfonylureas, Biphenyl Compounds, Drugs and Therapies, Health and Medicine, Hypoglycemic Agents, Cardiovascular Agents, Hydroxycorticosteroids, Angiotensin II Inhibitors. Keywords: Angiotensin II Inhibitors; Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist; Antiarrhythmic Agents; Antidiabetic Agents; Antihypertensives; Biguanides; Biphenyl Compounds; Cardiovascular Agents; Desoxycorticosterone; Desoxycorticosterone Acetate Therapy; Drugs and Therapies; Health and Medicine; Hydrocarbons; Hydroxycorticosteroids; Hypoglycemic Agents; Losartan; Losartan Therapy; Metformin; Metformin Therapy; Non-Sulfonylureas; Pharmaceuticals EN Angiotensin II Inhibitors Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Antiarrhythmic Agents Antidiabetic Agents Antihypertensives Biguanides Biphenyl Compounds Cardiovascular Agents Desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone Acetate Therapy Drugs and Therapies Health and Medicine Hydrocarbons Hydroxycorticosteroids Hypoglycemic Agents Losartan Losartan Therapy Metformin Metformin Therapy Non-Sulfonylureas Pharmaceuticals 30 30 1 05/02/23 20230501 NES 230501 2023 MAY 1 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Diabetes Week -- New research on antidiabetic agents is the subject of a new report. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

34. University of Zurich Reports Findings in Veterinary Medicine (Clinical features and long-term management of cats with primary hypoadrenocorticism using desoxycorticosterone pivalate and prednisolone).

Subjects
VETERINARY medicine, PREDNISOLONE, CATS, DRUG dosage, CAT diseases, ADRENAL glands
Abstract

Both high-dose cats and 4 low-dose cats needed a dose increase. Keywords: Zurich; Switzerland; Europe; Desoxycorticosterone; Hydroxycorticosteroids; Veterinary Medicine EN Zurich Switzerland Europe Desoxycorticosterone Hydroxycorticosteroids Veterinary Medicine 2023 MAR 6 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Veterinary Week -- New research on Veterinary Medicine is the subject of a report. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

35. Effects of methylprednisolone on inflammatory activity and oxidative stress in the lungs of brain-dead rats.

Author

Pilla, Eduardo Sperb, Pereira, Raôni Bins, Forgiarini Junior, Luiz Alberto, Forgiarini, Luiz Felipe, de Oliveira Paludo, Artur, Ulbrich Kulczynski, Jane Maria, Guerreiro Cardoso, Paulo Francisco, and Andrade, Cristiano Feijó

Subjects
METHYLPREDNISOLONE, INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE stress, BRAIN death, ADRENOCORTICAL hormones, LIPID peroxidation (Biology), LABORATORY rats
Abstract

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Pulmonology / Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2013
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36. Efeitos da metilprednisolona na atividade inflamatória e estresse oxidativo nos pulmões de ratos com morte cerebral.

Author

Pilla, Eduardo Sperb, Pereira, Raôni Bins, Forgiarini Junior, Luiz Alberto, Forgiarini, Luiz Felipe, de Oliveira Paludo, Artur, Ulbrich Kulczynski, Jane Maria, Guerreiro Cardoso, Paulo Francisco, and Andrade, Cristiano Feijó

Subjects
METHYLPREDNISOLONE, INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE stress, BRAIN death, ADRENOCORTICAL hormones, LIPID peroxidation (Biology), LABORATORY rats
Abstract

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Pulmonology / Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2013

37. Exhaled breath temperature, a new biomarker in asthma control: A pilot study.

Author

Melo, Raul Emrich, Popov, Todor A., and Solé, Dirceu

Subjects
RESPIRATION, BIOMARKERS, ASTHMA prevention, PREVENTIVE medicine, BODY temperature, ADRENOCORTICAL hormones, FORMOTEROL
Abstract

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Pulmonology / Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2010

38. Inflammatory Cell Findings in the Female Rabbit Heart and Stress-associated Exacerbation with Handling and Procedures Used in Nonclinical Studies

Author

William J. Reagan, David W. Clarke, George Hu, Richard Perry, Ingrid D. Pardo, K Nasir Khan, Jennifer Colangelo, Rani S. Sellers, Victoria Markiewicz, and Cynthia M. Rohde

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Urinalysis, Exacerbation, 040301 veterinary sciences, Hydroxycorticosteroids, medicine.medical_treatment, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Cardiomyopathy, Physiology, Sodium Chloride, Toxicology, Injections, Intramuscular, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Catecholamines, 0302 clinical medicine, Species Specificity, Internal medicine, Toxicity Tests, medicine, Animals, Myocytes, Cardiac, Interventricular septum, Molecular Biology, Saline, Hematology, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, business.industry, Macrophages, Myocardium, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Epinephrine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, biology.protein, Female, Creatine kinase, Rabbits, business, Biomarkers, Stress, Psychological, medicine.drug
Abstract

Despite the use of rabbits in biomedical research, including regulatory toxicology and cardiovascular studies, little data exist on heart findings in this species. This study was designed to document myocardial findings in female rabbits and the impact of study-related procedures typical for vaccine toxicology studies. One hundred and forty 6- to 8-month-old female New Zealand White rabbits were divided equally into 2 groups, high and low study procedure groups (group 1 and group 2, respectively). All animals received intramuscular (IM) injections of sterile saline every 2 weeks for 5 times and were necropsied 2 days after the final IM injection. Clinical chemistry, hematology, and urinalysis were evaluated. Blood for stress biomarkers (norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, and corticosterone), C-reactive protein, cardiac troponin I, and creatine kinase were collected at time 0 (just before dose administration) and then at 4, 24, and 48 hr after dose administration in group 1 only. Hearts were assessed histologically. Focal to multifocal minimal inflammatory cell infiltrates were common (∼80%), particularly in the left ventricle and interventricular septum, and were similar to the types of infiltrates identified in other laboratory animal species. Additionally, study-related procedures elevated serum stress biomarkers and exacerbated the frequency and severity of myocardial inflammatory cell infiltrates.

Published
2017

39. Corticosteroids

Author

Michelle Kapugi and Kathleen Cunningham

Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Hydroxycorticosteroids, Hypertension, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Weight Gain
Abstract

Corticosteroids are commonly prescribed for a variety of indications due to the wide range of effects on the human body. Although they exhibit many therapeutic uses, corticosteroids are unfortunately known for their many dose- and duration-dependent toxicities. The purpose of this review is to explore indications for corticosteroid use, differences among formulations, and adverse effects and their management.

Published
2019

40. Effect of ranitidine on the steady state pharmacokinetics of diazepam.

Author

Klotz, U., Reimann, I., and Ohnhaus, E.

Abstract

In 6 healthy volunteers the steady state pharmacokinetics of diazepam (5 mg p.o. once daily) was investigated in a randomized cross-over study with and without concomitant doses of ranitidine (150 mg bid). Following the last dose of diazepam on Day 10 of each part of the study, the plasma concentrations of diazepam were monitored for one dosing interval plus the subsequent 2 days. In addition, urinary excretion of 6-β-hydroxycortisol and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids were measured, their ratio being taken as an indicator of hepatic enzyme activity. Coadministration of ranitidine significantly reduced ( p<0.03) the trough and steady state concentrations (mean ± SD) of diazepam (114±36 Vs 104±30 ng/ml and 170±55 Vs 125±36 ng/ml, respectively). Plasma protein binding of diazepam (98.5±0.3%) was not affected by ranitidine. The half-life of elimination of diazepam (42.5±13.5 h) did not change significantly but its apparent oral clearance (assuming complete absorption) was significantly increased ( p<0.005) by ranitidine, from 22.6±9.2 to 30.0±9.1 ml/min. Urinary excretion of 6β-OH-cortisol ( p=0.029) and 17-OH-corticosteroids ( p=0.041) were significantly elevated by ranitidine, but their ratio did not change. In addition, in 4 additional subjects the disposition of diazepam following a single intravenous dose of 0.1 mg/kg was not significantly altered by ranitidine. Thus, the lowered steady state concentration of diazepam is most likely due to diminished absorption caused by the concurrent administration of ranitidine. However, it may be more important clinically that, unlike cimetidine, ranitidine did not impair the hepatic elimination of diazepam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1983
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41. Pharmacological profile of encounter-induced hyperactivity in isolation-reared mice

Author

Kazuhiro Takuma, Yukio Ago, Saki Nishiyama, Satoshi Oka, Toshio Matsuda, Hitoshi Hashimoto, and Shigeru Hasebe

Subjects
Male, Agonist, Indoles, Pyridines, medicine.drug_class, Hydroxycorticosteroids, Fluvoxamine, Ritanserin, Motor Activity, Neuropsychological Tests, Pharmacology, Duloxetine Hydrochloride, Piperazines, Mice, Idazoxan, Desipramine, Oxazines, Animals, Outbred Strains, medicine, Animals, Social Behavior, Psychotropic Drugs, Sulfonamides, business.industry, Venlafaxine Hydrochloride, Antagonist, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic, Risperidone, Receptor antagonist, Paroxetine, Psychiatry and Mental health, Social Isolation, Antidepressant, Benzimidazoles, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

We have recently found that isolation-reared mice show hyperactivity during an encounter with an intruder. However, it is not known whether encounter-induced hyperactivity may model some aspects of psychiatric disorders. The present study examined the pharmacological profile of encounter-induced hyperactivity in isolation-reared mice. Encounter-induced hyperactivity was reduced by acute administration of various antidepressants including the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine (10 mg/kg), the selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors fluvoxamine (10 mg/kg) and paroxetine (10 mg/kg), the 5-HT/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors venlafaxine (10 mg/kg) and duloxetine (10 mg/kg), the antipsychotic drug risperidone (0.01 mg/kg), the 5-HT2 antagonist ritanserin (1 mg/kg), and the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-43044 (30 mg/kg). The α2 adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (0.03 mg/kg) and the 5-HT4 receptor agonist BIMU8 (30 mg/kg) also reduced encounter-induced hyperactivity. The effect of desipramine was blocked by the α2 adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan (0.3 mg/kg). The effect of fluvoxamine was blocked by the 5-HT4 receptor antagonist GR125487 (3 mg/kg), but not the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY100635 (1 mg/kg), the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist azasetron (3 mg/kg), or the 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB399885 (3 mg/kg). The effect of venlafaxine was blocked by the simultaneous administration of idazoxan (0.3 mg/kg) and GR125487 (3 mg/kg), but not by either compound alone. These findings suggest that encounter-induced hyperactivity in isolation-reared mice is a robust model for testing the pharmacological profile of antidepressants, although the range of antidepressants tested is limited and some non-antidepressants are also effective. The present study also shows a key role of α2 and 5-HT4 receptors in the antidepressant effect in this model.

Published
2015

42. Carbonyl reductase 1 catalyzes 20β-reduction of glucocorticoids, modulating receptor activation and metabolic complications of obesity

Author

Andreas Stomby, Johan Björkegren, Ruth Andrew, Brian R. Walker, Roland H Stimson, Ariella Cohain, Rita Upreti, Patrick W. F. Hadoke, Natalie Z.M. Homer, Tom Michoel, Eric E. Schadt, Arno Ruusalepp, Katharina Beck, Anna Anderson, René Houtman, Tommy Olsson, Mark Nixon, Christopher J. Kenyon, John Keen, Alex Odermatt, Onno C. Meijer, Diana Melchers, Ruth Morgan, and Andrew A Crawford

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Models, Molecular, Carbonyl Reductase, Hydrocortisone, Hydroxycorticosteroids, Molecular Conformation, Adipose tissue, lcsh:Medicine, Gene Expression, Pharmacology, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Glucocorticoid receptor, Medicine, Carbonyl Reductase (NADPH), lcsh:Science, chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, Farmakologi och toxikologi, 3. Good health, Phenotype, Liver, Female, Endogenous agonist, Protein Binding, medicine.medical_specialty, CBR1, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Structure-Activity Relationship, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Internal medicine, Journal Article, Animals, Humans, Horses, Obesity, Glucocorticoids, Genetic Association Studies, business.industry, lcsh:R, Genetic Variation, Metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Enzyme, Endocrinology, chemistry, lcsh:Q, business, Energy Metabolism, Drug metabolism
Abstract

Carbonyl Reductase 1 (CBR1) is a ubiquitously expressed cytosolic enzyme important in exogenous drug metabolism but the physiological function of which is unknown. Here, we describe a role for CBR1 in metabolism of glucocorticoids. CBR1 catalyzes the NADPH- dependent production of 20β-dihydrocortisol (20β-DHF) from cortisol. CBR1 provides the major route of cortisol metabolism in horses and is up-regulated in adipose tissue in obesity in horses, humans and mice. We demonstrate that 20β-DHF is a weak endogenous agonist of the human glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Pharmacological inhibition of CBR1 in diet-induced obesity in mice results in more marked glucose intolerance with evidence for enhanced hepatic GR signaling. These findings suggest that CBR1 generating 20β-dihydrocortisol is a novel pathway modulating GR activation and providing enzymatic protection against excessive GR activation in obesity.

Published
2017

43. Lymphocytoma cutis on the inguinal region: report of a rare case of benign lymphoproliferative disorder

Author

Rosa, Wildson Santos Craveiro, Girão, Régio José Santiago, Carvalho, Iluska Maria Soares de, and Vargas, Lana Mayara Meneses Lustosa

Subjects
Hyperplasia, Pseudolymphoma, Hydroxycorticosteroids, Corticosteroids
Abstract

Lymphocytoma cutis, or benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, is an inflammatory skin lesion that mimics clinically and histologically malignant lymphoma. Most cases are idiopathic, but they may also be triggered by multiple factors, such as insect bites, tattoos, injections and herpes zoster. Clinically, the lesions are erythematous, soft papules, plaques or nodules, usually located on the upper limbs and face. The diagnosis is mainly based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Corticosteroid injections, cryosurgery, PUVA therapy, radiotherapy and surgery can be therapeutic options in cases requiring immediate treatment. To demonstrate an atypical presentation of this tumor, a case lymphocytoma skin on the groin will be reported, describing its diagnosis and treatment.

Published
2017

44. Cancer-related fatigue and chemotherapy-associated adverse effects: correlation with TNF-α, IL-1 and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids

Author

De Zeng, Zongtai Li, Yuhui Peng, Shuyao Zhang, Hao Zhang, Yuxian Yang, Lei Chen, Miaojun Wang, and Xiaowen Zhuang

Subjects
Adult, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cancer Fatigue, medicine.medical_treatment, Antineoplastic Agents, Gastroenterology, Young Adult, Neoplasms, Internal medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Humans, Young adult, Adverse effect, Cancer-related fatigue, Fatigue, Aged, 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids, Aged, 80 and over, Chemotherapy, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, business.industry, Cancer, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Hydroxycorticosteroids, medicine.disease, Oncology, Immunology, Female, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, medicine.symptom, business, Interleukin-1
Abstract

ABSTRACT: Aim: We sought to determine the relationship between cancer-related fatigue, chemotherapy-associated adverse effects in patients with advanced stages of cancer, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-HCS). Patients & methods: Two hundred cancer patients were recruited. They were given a Cancer Fatigue Scale survey to assess their general state of health before and after chemotherapy. Their plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-1 and urine levels of 17-HCS were also measured. Results: Increased levels of TNF-α and IL-1 are common in cancer patients. Thirty-five (17.5%) patients suffered from chemotherapy-associated adverse effects, but their plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-1 were not significantly elevated after chemotherapy. However, the urinary levels of 17-HCS levels were significantly elevated in 23 patients after chemotherapy. Conclusion: Patients who had elevated urinary levels of 17-HCS before chemotherapy are accompanied by chemotherapy-associated adverse effects. Thus, elevated 17-HCS in urine could be a possible predictor for chemotherapy-associated adverse effects.

Published
2014

45. The neurologist’s dilemma: A comprehensive clinical review of Bell’s palsy, with emphasis on current management trends

Author

Shane R. Tubbs, Stephen Osiro, Petru Matusz, Ryan Hudson, Anthony Zandian, Marios Loukas, and Irfan M. Ali

Subjects
Male, Herpesvirus 3, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Hydroxycorticosteroids, Herpesvirus 1, Human, Bell's palsy, Bell Palsy, medicine, Humans, Disease management (health), Review Articles, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Palsy, business.industry, Disease Management, Herpes Simplex Virus Protein Vmw65, General Medicine, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Dilemma, stomatognathic diseases, Current management, Family medicine, Immunology, Female, business
Abstract

Background Recent advances in Bell’s palsy (BP) were reviewed to assess the current trends in its management and prognosis. Material/Methods We retrieved the literature on BP using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Key words and phrases used during the search included ‘Bell’s palsy’, ‘Bell’s phenomenon’, ‘facial palsy’, and ‘idiopathic facial paralysis’. Emphasis was placed on articles and randomized controlled trails (RCTs) published within the last 5 years. Results BP is currently considered the leading disorder affecting the facial nerve. The literature is replete with theories of its etiology, but the reactivation of herpes simplex virus isoform 1 (HSV-1) and/or herpes zoster virus (HZV) from the geniculate ganglia is now the most strongly suspected cause. Despite the advancements in neuroimaging techniques, the diagnosis of BP remains one of exclusion. In addition, most patients with BP recover spontaneously within 3 weeks. Conclusions Corticosteroids are currently the drug of choice when medical therapy is needed. Antivirals, in contrast, are not superior to placebo according to most reliable studies. At the time of publication, there is no consensus as to the benefit of acupuncture or surgical decompression of the facial nerve. Long-term therapeutic agents and adjuvant medications for BP are necessary due to recurrence and intractable cases. In the future, large RCTs will be required to determine whether BP is associated with an increased risk of stroke.

Published
2014

46. Adrenal Gland Hormones in Primary School Children

Author

M. V. Shaikhelismanova, F. G. Sitdikov, N. B. Dikopol’skaya, and G. A. Bilalova

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Epinephrine, Hydroxycorticosteroids, education, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Excretion, Norepinephrine, Internal medicine, Adrenal Glands, medicine, Humans, Sympathoadrenal system, Child, Schools, Adrenal gland, business.industry, Adrenal cortex, General Medicine, humanities, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Adrenal Cortex, Female, business, Glucocorticoid, medicine.drug, Hormone
Abstract

It was found that in 8-9-year-old children, the hormonal part of the sympathoadrenal system more rapidly develops in boys, while the transmitter part develops more rapidly in girls. The androgenic and glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex matures earlier in girls. To the end of the school year, excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine decreased, which attests to the development of fatigue.

Published
2015

47. Is initial C-reactive protein level associated with corticosteroid use in lupus erythematosus patients during a bacterial infection episode?

Author

Chip Jin Ng, Yi Ming Weng, Shou Yen Chen, Peng Huei Liu, Kuo Cheng Wang, Te Fa Chiu, and Kuang Hui Yu

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Immunology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Sepsis, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Retrospective Studies, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Lupus erythematosus, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Bacterial Infections, Hydroxycorticosteroids, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, C-Reactive Protein, Prednisolone, Corticosteroid, Female, business, Glucocorticoid, Biomarkers, Immunosuppressive Agents, Anti-SSA/Ro autoantibodies, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objective C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker for inflammation, indicates bacterial infection in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) when markedly elevated. Our study investigated the association of regular corticosteroid or immunosuppressant use with initial CRP level in febrile SLE patients with bacterial infection. Methods This retrospective cohort study included adult SLE patients (18 years of age or older) who presented with fever at the emergency department from January 2008 to December 2012. Data were retrieved from our institutional database. Results CRP levels in the total 193 patient database were significantly increased in the bacterial infection group compared to the no infection and non-bacterial infection groups. Seventy-eight (86.7%) of the 90 patients in the bacterial infection group took regular corticosteroids (mean equivalent dose of prednisolone 0.33 ± 0.26 mg/kg/day) and 55 (61.1%) used immunosuppressants. Mean CRP level in the bacterial infection group was 97.8 mg/L. CRP level was lower in patients using corticosteroids, but the difference between users and nonusers of corticosteroids was not statistically significant (p = 0.367). The difference in CRP level between immunosuppressant and non-immunosuppressant users was also not significant (p = 0.599). The Spearman test found no correlation between corticosteroid dosage and CRP level (p = 0.911). Conclusion Initial CRP level was not significantly associated with regular corticosteroid or immunosuppressant use in SLEs patients during a bacterial infection episode, and CRP level was not dose-dependently related to daily corticosteroid use. An elevated CRP level might be an appropriate marker for bacterial infection at the emergency department for febrile SLE patients.

Published
2016

48. Glucocorticoid Analogues: Potential Therapeutic Alternatives for Treating Inflammatory Muscle Diseases

Author

Sree Rayavarapu, Kanneboyina Nagaraju, Erica K.M. Reeves, and Jesse M. Damsker

Subjects
Hydroxycorticosteroids, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Pharmacology, Benzylidene Compounds, Transactivation, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Glucocorticoid receptor, medicine, Desoximetasone, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Benzopyrans, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Adverse effect, Glucocorticoids, Transcription factor, Benzofurans, Transrepression, Myositis, business.industry, Skeletal muscle, medicine.disease, Benzoxazines, medicine.anatomical_structure, Quinolines, business, Glucocorticoid, medicine.drug
Abstract

Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been prescribed to treat a variety of diseases, including inflammatory myopathies and Duchenne muscular dystrophy for over 50 years. However, their prescription remains controversial due to the significant side effects associated with the chronic treatment. It is a common belief that the clinical efficacy of GCs is due to their transrepression of pro-inflammatory genes through inhibition of inflammatory transcription factors (i.e. NF-κB, AP-1) whereas the adverse side effects are attributed to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated transcription of target genes (transactivation). The past decade has seen an increased interest in the development of GR modulators that maintain the effective anti-inflammatory properties but lack the GR-dependent transcriptional response as a safe alternative to traditional GCs. Many of these analogues or "dissociative" compounds show potential promise in in vitro studies but fail to reach human clinical trials. In this review, we discuss molecular effects of currently prescribed GCs on skeletal muscle and also discuss the current state of development of GC analogues as alternative therapeutics for inflammatory muscle diseases.

Published
2012

50. Antidepressant-like effects of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-43044 are associated with changes in prefrontal dopamine in mouse models of depression

Author

Koji Yano, Michikazu Abe, Shinsuke Arikawa, Toshio Matsuda, Yukio Ago, Kazuhiro Takuma, and Miyuki Yata

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Dopamine, Hydroxycorticosteroids, Microdialysis, Prefrontal Cortex, Motor Activity, Dexamethasone, Drug Administration Schedule, Mice, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Glucocorticoid receptor, Corticosterone, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Prefrontal cortex, Glucocorticoids, Swimming, Pharmacology, Analysis of Variance, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Depression, Antiglucocorticoid, Immobility Response, Tonic, Antidepressive Agents, Disease Models, Animal, Endocrinology, Hindlimb Suspension, chemistry, Rotarod Performance Test, Antidepressant, Glucocorticoid, medicine.drug, Behavioural despair test
Abstract

Chronic corticosterone and isolation rearing paradigms may provide reliable mouse models of depression. Using these models, the present study examined if the specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, RU-43044, has an antidepressant-like effect, and studied the possible role of prefrontal neurotransmission on the behavioral effects. Chronic administration of corticosterone and isolation rearing increased the immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests. Subchronic treatment with RU-43044 decreased the immobility time in the forced swim test in chronic corticosterone-treated and isolation-reared mice, but not the control mice. Chronic corticosterone decreased the levels of cortical glucocorticoid receptors and stress-induced increases in plasma corticosterone levels, and blocked the response of plasma corticosterone to dexamethasone, while isolation rearing did not cause any changes in the glucocorticoid receptor system. Both chronic corticosterone and isolation rearing markedly increased high K+ -induced dopamine release, but not serotonin release, in the prefrontal cortex. Subchronic RU-43044 reversed the enhanced release of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex of chronic corticosterone-treated and isolation-reared mice. These results suggest that chronic corticosterone and isolation rearing increase the depressive-like behavior in glucocorticoid receptor-dependent and independent manners, respectively, and that RU-43044 shows an antidepressant-like effect, probably via an inhibition of enhanced prefrontal dopaminergic neurotransmission in these mouse models.

Published
2008

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