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Bioretention systems are globally the most accepted Low Impact Development (LID) practices. In this study, we simulated bioretention performances for four locations in the city of Novi Sad, with RECARGA modelling software. The primary objective of the research was to evaluate potential of bioretention systems for runoff reduction. The second research objective was to suggest RECARGA model as a support for future decision-making processes. Analysis of the sensitivity of bioretention design parameters on bioretention performances, involved variations related to different sizes of bioretention systems, application of an underdrain, the difference in soil texture and changes in the depth of each individual bioretention layer. The total average volume of retained runoff by bioretention systems ranged from 43.33 to 93.84%, while some single simulation results were 100%. Among all tested design parameters, bioretention size and the native soil hydraulic conductivity have shown the greatest influence on the runoff reduction rate. This study provides information about the developing a site-specific bioretention solutions needed to prevent urban flooding in the area of research where this systems are still not sufficiently applied in practice. The obtained methodology can be applied for other locations and also it can be extended to other cities with similar urban flooding problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a permeable pavement with an on-site subsurface micro-detention pond was developed. Common permeable pavements are typically composed of fine layered particles attributed with low porosity. The permeable pavement with micro-scale detention storage (PPDS) developed in this study is a modified type of interlocking block permeable pavement consisting of a hollow cylinder with a hexagonal cover at the top and bottom of the PPDS. The PPDS was designed with a void volume of 70% and a water storage capacity of 0.19 m3/m2. A rainfall simulator was used to perform the tests on the profile of the hydrological pavement such as the storage capacity, detention period, permeability rates and infiltration performance over various storm events. The PPDS showed its ability to detain first flushes of rainfall within a 15-minutes period for a 100 year return period. Meanwhile, the permeability rate of the PPDS was subjected to the infiltration capacity of the subgrade soil following a linear relationship between the flow depths over time. The testing performances indicated that the PPDS has met the basic hydrological design considerations, as those in the typical permeable pavement, from the perspective of permeability rates, infiltration capacity, storage and detention capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the frequent urban flood problems, China has put forward a novel city strategy-Sponge City. It is a kind of water resource management strategy and method, which can adapt to the changes of rainwater like a sponge, so as to reduce the occurrence of flood problems. This paper reviewed the initiative and development of sponge city. It analyzed the problems faced by sponge city construction and possible solutions. In addition, pavement material was an important part of sponge city construction. This paper also reviewed the application and development of pavement materials in sponge city. Firstly, the commonly used permeable pavement materials were introduced including permeable asphalt concrete, permeable cement concrete, permeable brick, and novel pavement materials. To meet the requirements of "infiltration, retention, purification, evaporation, and drainage", the pavement materials were designed to be porous. The pore characteristics were studied, including but not limited to porosity and pore size, etc. In addition, environmental assessment and economic analysis were conducted. It was found that the permeable pavements were not necessarily more environmentally friendly than traditional pavement, but they did have some obvious benefits such as water purification, traffic noise reduction, Urban Heat Island (UHI) mitigation, and waste materials recycling. There was a controversy about whether permeable pavements were more economical than traditional pavements. Finally, this paper looked forward to the future development of pavement materials in sponge city, which called for better hydrological performance and wider application range. • The sponge city strategy has good application value and development prospect. • Sponge city uses permeable asphalt concrete, permeable cement concrete, permeable brick, and novel permeable materials. • Pore characteristics have a significant impact on mechanical and hydrological properties of permeable pavements. • Permeable pavement has obvious environmental benefits, including the purification of water and air, noise reduction etc. • The future studies of pavement materials in sponge city are recommended to focus on better hydrological performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]