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Máster en Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos

WOS: 000411636300014, Determining the hydroelectric power potential of ungauged or poorly gauged basins gains importance parallel with the increasing electricity consumption. This study presents some simple methods to predict flow to determine the hydroelectric power potential of poorly gauged basins, such as the precipitation-elevation, average precipitation, and average basin elevation methods. Results of these methods are compared with the available flow measurements. The poorly gauged Solakli Basin, which is located in Trabzon, in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey, is selected as the pilot area. The hydroelectric power potential of the planned small hydroelectric power plants in this area is estimated using different flow prediction methods., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [106M043], This study is a part of a research Project of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with Project number106M043.

South Asian countries, facing challenges in efficiently meeting growing electricity demand, can benefit from increased cross-border electricity cooperation and trade by harnessing complementarities in electricity demand patterns, diversity in resource endowments for power generation, and gains from larger market access. The region has witnessed slow progress in expanding regional electricity cooperation and trade, and undertaking needed domestic sector reforms. Although bilateral electricity sector cooperation in the region is increasing, broader regional cooperation and trade initiatives have lagged in the face of regional barriers and domestic sector inefficiencies. Deeper electricity market reforms are not a necessity for further development of cross-border electricity trade, but limited progress in overcoming regional and domestic barriers will limit the scope of the regional market and the benefits it can provide.

Infrastructure has contributed significantly to the growth of West African economies during the past decade. In Sierra Leone, infrastructure added only around 0.51 percentage points to the per capita growth rate over 2003-07. Similarly to other countries in the region and the rest of the continent, the boost to historic growth came predominately from the ICT (Information and Telecommunications Technology) revolution while power-sector deficiencies and poor roads held back growth. After nine years of peace, economic activity is flourishing at every level in Sierra Leone. Political stability, high government accountability, good governance standards, and streamlined tax reform helped Sierra Leone to become a bright success story, turning the country into the easiest and quickest place to start business in West Africa. Sierra Leone's image in the eyes of investors is strengthened as the country ranked as one of the top five countries in Africa for investor protection. Looking ahead, the country faces a number of critical infrastructure challenges. Perhaps the most daunting of these challenges lies in the power sector, the poor state of which retards development of other sectors. Access to power is very low, at around 1 to 5 percent in urban areas, and is nonexistent in the countryside. The country's installed power-generation capacity is around 13 megawatts per million people, which is lower than what other low-income and fragile states have installed. The entire existing power infrastructure is concentrated in the western part of the country, and even with the functioning of the Bumbuna power plant, only half the suppressed demand for Freetown, let alone that for the rest of the country, is being met. Regardless of recent reduction in tariffs, Sierra Leoneans still pay some of the highest tariffs in Africa. In 2010, Sierra Leoneans paid three times as much for power as did residents of African countries that relied on hydropower. Making investments in more cost-effective power generation options is therefore an important strategic objective for Sierra Leone, without which further electrification will simply be unaffordable for the wider population.

This report synthesizes the findings for the energy sector of a broader study, the Brazil low carbon study, which was undertaken by the World Bank in its initiative to support Brazil's integrated effort towards reducing national and global emissions of greenhouse gases while promoting long term development. The main aim of the study is to examine the potential for abating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in Brazil in the energy area and to assess the relative costs of doing so for the time frame 2010-2030. Basically the study seeks to demonstrate by how much, by when and at what cost Brazil could reduce its GHG energy sector emissions. Given its special features, the fuel use and emissions of greenhouse gases in the transportation sector are dealt with in another report of this project. In addition the study aims to provide information for the Brazilian government to enable it to develop a long-term strategy (2030) for reducing carbon in the energy area (except the transport sector) and, more specifically, to provide the technical input needed for evaluating the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions produced by the key economic sectors. In short, the study seeks to identify the different options and opportunities that could justify possible international resources being allocated to Brazil. The teams involved in the study needed first to focus on the proposed mitigation and carbon sequestering options and then, after identifying these proposals, to focus on existing barriers to the successful deployment of these options and suggest a set of public policies which could be mobilized to overcome them. The study also provides estimates of the scale of investments and operating costs likely to be involved, as well as a mitigation cost curve.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2008, Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2008, Hidroloji ve su kaynakları araştırma ve çalışmalarında son yıllarda Uzaktan Algılama (UA) yöntemleri ile sağlanan uydu görüntüleri ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) kullanılmaktadır. Uydu teknolojilerinin gelişimi ile yersel ölçümlere göre hızlı ve ekonomik çözümler ve bilgiler elde edilebilmektedir. Projede çalışılacak olan Trabzon – Solaklı havzası gibi özellikle ulaşımın çok zor veya imkansız olduğu dağlık alanlarda uzaktan algılama yöntemlerinden yararlanarak Hidroelektrik Santral (HES) ve baraj yapımı için uygun bölgelerin seçilmesi ve tanımlanmasında uydu verilerinden yararlanılmaktadır. Akım ölçümleri olmayan ya da yetersiz olan, küçük havzalarda hidroelektrik potansiyelin belirlenmesinde, oluşturulacak Sayısal Yükseklik Modeli (SYM) ile arazinin yükseklik, eğim, bakı verilerinin elde edilebilmekte ve bu veriler yardımı ile havza sınırları ve drenaj ağları, minimum maksimum ve ortalama yükseklik ve eğim gibi veriler oluşturulabilmektedir. Ayrıca yine uydu verilerinin sınıflandırılması ile arazi kullanım durumu güncel olarak tespit edilebilmektedir. Bu verilerin CBS ortamında modellenmesi, yağış, sıcaklık verilerinin de entegrasyonu ile potansiyel hesaplanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Solaklı Havzası için arazi kullanımının belirlenmesi amacıyla 5.8 m geometrik çözünürlüklü IRS P6 multispektral uydu verisi, SYM’nin oluşturulması amacı ile de stereo çekim yapan 2.5 m geometrik çözünürlü IRS P5 uydu verisi kullanılmıştır., Nowadays, Remotely Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are being used for the hydrology and water resource studies and researches. With the developments over satellite technologies, it becomes possible to asses rapid and economic solutions and information from the remotely sensed data considered to terrestrial observations. Remotely sensed data is occasionally used in determination of the area to build a hydroelectric plant, especially in the mountainous basins such as the Trabzon- Solaklı basin which will be studied in this project. When determining the hydroelectric potential in small ungauged basins, height, slope, aspect information of the basin can be derived from the Digital Elevation Model. Also, basin boundary, perimeter and area, minimum maximum and mean elevation and slope values can be calculated from this model. In addition, current land use information can be determined from remotely sensed data with image classification. All the data stated above can be modeled in GIS environment and integrated with rainfall and temperature information to calculate the potential. In this project, IRS P6 multispectral satellite data with 5.8 m spatial resolution will be used for land use classification and IRS P5 stereo satellite data with 2.5 m spatial resolution will be used for deriving the Digital Elevation Model., Yüksek Lisans, M.Sc.

Orientadores: Ana Ines Borri Genovez, Abel Maia Genovez Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo Resumo: A construção de barragens tem sido uma opção importante que foi utilizada por muitos paises para atingir o desenvolvimento. Com o decorrer dos anos se constatou que as barragens produzem muitos benefícios e também impactos, pelo que se deve saber equilibrar na escolha e determinação dos novos projetos em função das necessidades existentes e sempre com o objetivo de atingir a sustentabilidade. Procurando um desenvolvimento sustentável futuro para Bolívia definiu-se como objetivo deste trabalho estimar o potencial hidrelétrico remanescente das diferentes bacias hidrográficas analisando e destacando os efeitos sobre o meio ambiente. Desta maneira, foi feito um estudo de regionalização para se determinarem as vazões e as curvas de permanência das vazões médias diárias, para avaliar o potencial hidrelétrico dos rios principais de cada bacia hidrográfica. O potencial hidrelétrico remanescente calculado da Bolívia foi de 68 GW, os quais estão concentrados na vertente leste da Cordilheira Oriental dos Andes, onde se identificaram quatro bacias com potencial individualizado de 21 GW. Os rios de planície demonstraram ter aptidão para aproveitamentos a "fio de água". Este trabalho constitui um avanço na identificação e determinação de futuros aproveitamentos hidroelétricos sustentáveis, nele se podem encontrar as ferramentas para determinar o potencial hidrelétrico remanescente e a curva de permanência de qualquer bacia hidrográfica dentro da região de estudo na Bolívia. Também se definem os conceitos e as recomendações para a sua sustentabilidade. Abstract: The construction of dams has been one important option that was used by many countries in order to reach the development. With elapsing of the years the dams has evidence that produce many benefits but also impacts, that's why must be a balance in the choice and determination of the new projects in function of the needs and always with the goal of reach the sustainability. Looking a sustainable development for Bolivia was defined as objective of this work esteem the remaining hydroelectric potential of the different basins analyzing and detaching the effect on the environment. In this way, a regionalization study was made to determine the outflows of the flow duration curves of the daily average outflows, in order to evaluate the hydroelectric potential of the main rivers of each basin. The calculated remaining hydroelectric potential of Bolivia was of 68 GW which is concentrating in the flowing east of the eastern Mountain range of Andes, has been identified four basins with individualized potential of 21 GW. The plain rivers had demonstrated to have aptitude for run-of river plants. This work constitute and advance in the identification and determination of future sustainable hydroelectric projects, inside could be find the tools to determine the remaining hydroelectric potential and the flow duration curve for any basin in the area of the study in Bolivia. Also were defined the concepts and the recommendations for made that projects sustainable. Mestrado Recursos Hídricos, Energéticos e Ambientais Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2008, Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2008, Bu çalışmada pilot bölge olarak seçilen Trabzon ili dahilinde ki Solaklı havzasına ait hidroelektrik potansiyel, uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Hidroelektrik potansiyeli belirlemek için gerekli iki parametre; suyun akım değeri (debi) ve suyun düşüm yüksekliğidir. Bu değerleri elde edebilmek yani hidroelektrik potansiyeli hesaplayabilmek için havzaya ait stereo çekim yapabilen Cartosat-1 uydu verileri kullanılmak suretiyle 3 boyutlu sayısal yükseklik modeli elde edilmiştir. Üretilen sayısal yükseklik modeli ArcGis coğrafi bilgi sistemi yazılımına yüklenmiş ve havzaya ait alan, çevre, eğim, ortalama yükseklik gibi topoğrafik parametreler elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca sayısal yükseklik modeli ve ArcGis yazılımı kullanılarak havzaya ait sentetik drenaj ağı, alt havzalar ve olası santral noktalarının belirlenmiştir. Havzaya ait alansal yağış haritası havza içersindeki yağış gözlem istasyonlarının verileri kullanılarak Kriging yöntemi ile bulunmuştur. Böylece her bir alt havzaya ait alansal yağış hesaplanmıştır. Çoklu regresyon denklemleri yardımıyla akım denklemi geliştirilmiş ve ArcGis yazılımı kullanılarak oluşturulan sentetik drenaj ağı üzerinde suyun akım miktarı bu denklem kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın son bölümünde sonuçlar tartışılmış ve yeni öneriler getirilmiştir., In this study, hydroelectric potential of Solaklı Basin, Trabzon which is considered as a pilot region was determined using remote sensing and geographic information system. Determination of hydroelectric potential requires flow value (discharge) and height of waterfall as input parameters. In order to obtain these parameters, 3-dimension digital elevation model was derived using satellite stereo data of Cartosat-1. Topographical parameters such as basin area, perimeter, slope, average elevation were derived by means of digital elevation model in geographic information system software, ArcGis. Synthetic drainage network, sub basins and potential station points were also determined using digital elevation model and ArcGis. Areal precipitation map of Solaklı basin was generated with the help of Kriging method using data of rain gauge stations that are available in the basin. Thus areal precipitation of each sub basin was computed from the map. Flow equation was derived using multiple-linear regression. Flow values on the synthetic drainage network were evaluated from the flow equation using ArcGis. In the final chapter of this study, results were discussed and new suggestions were offered, Yüksek Lisans, M.Sc.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2006, Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2006, Bu çalışmada, hidroelektrik santrallar sınıflandırılmış, hidroelektrik potansiyel belirleme metotları açıklanmış ve bunların uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Hidroelektrik potansiyelin belirlenmesinde yaygın olarak iki metot kullanılır: Debi süreklilik eğrisi metodu ve ardışık akım öteleme metodu. Çoruh havzasında seçilen 8 akım gözlem istasyonuna debi süreklilik eğrisi metodu uygulanmıştır. İstasyonlar için 20 yıllık aylık ortalama akım verileri kullanılarak çizilen debi süreklilik eğrilerinden zamanın %95’inde var olan debilere göre hesap yapılmış ve böylece güvenilir hidroelektrik potansiyeller hesaplanmıştır. Oymapınar barajına ait son 5 yıllık aylık verilere ise ardışık akım öteleme metodu uygulanmıştır. Baraj için aylık bir hesap tablosu yapılmış ve aylık üretilebilecek enerji, toplam enerji ve ortalama enerji miktarları bulunmuştur. Daha sonra bulunan bu değerler mevcut değerlerle karşılaştırılmıştır., In this study hydroelectric power plants are classified, methods for estimating hydroelectric potential are explained and their applications are made. Two methods have been widely used for estimation of hydroelectric potential: Flow-duration curve method and sequential streamflow routing method. Flow-duration curve method applied to the eight chosen flow gauging stations in Çoruh basin. Flow-duration curves are drawn for each station by using 20 years monthly average flows. Using these curves with discharges exceeded in 95% of time calculations are made to estimate firm hydroelectric potential. Sequential streamflow routing method is applied to the last 5 years monthly average data of Oymapınar dam. A monthly table is made for dam and monthly energy generation, total energy generation and average energy generation are calculated. Calculated values and present values are compared., Yüksek Lisans, M.Sc.