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One of the best procedures for preventing the spread of the coronavirus is a lockdown, if it is implemented correctly. In order to assess how well lockdowns prevent the virus's propagation, this paper presents a fractional-order mathematical model constructed by the proportional-Caputo operator. This model consists of five nonlinear fractional-order differential equations. The solution's existence and uniqueness are investigated using the Schauder and Banach fixed-point theorems. Also, this study produces a stability analysis utilizing Ulam–Hyers and modified Ulam–Hyers criteria. Furthermore, the Adams–Bashforth–Moulton approach is used to implement numerical simulations that show how the model behaves with different parameter combinations and to validate the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, novel Ostrowski-type inequalities for dissimilar function classes and generalized fractional integrals (FITs) are presented. We provide a useful identity for differentiable functions under FITs, which results in special expressions for functions whose derivatives have convex absolute values. A new condition for bounded variation functions is examined, as well as expansions to bounded and Lipschitzian derivatives. Our comprehension is improved by comparison with current findings, and recommendations for future study areas are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article's objective is to introduce a new double inequality based on the Jensen–Mercer (JM) inequality, known as the Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer inequality. We use the (JM) inequality to build a number of generalized trapezoid‐type inequalities. Moreover, in addition to the (JM) inequality, we also use the Hölder inequality and the power mean inequality. Finally, a few examples are given to highlight the main points of our outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a specific identity was derived for functions that possess two continuous derivatives. Through the utilization of this identity and Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals, several fractional Milne-type inequalities were established for functions whose second derivatives inside the absolute value are convex. Additionally, an example and a graphical representation are included to clarify the core findings of our research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper investigated weighted Milne-type inequalities utilizing Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals across diverse function classes. A key contribution lies in the establishment of a fundamental integral equality, facilitated by the use of a nonnegative weighted function, which is pivotal for deriving the main results. The paper systematically proved weighted Milne-type inequalities for various function classes, including differentiable convex functions, bounded functions, Lipschitzian functions, and functions of bounded variation. The obtained results not only contribute to the understanding of Milne-type inequalities but also offer insights that pave the way for potential future research in the considered topics. Furthermore, it is evident that the results obtained encompass numerous findings that were previously presented in various studies as special cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies distributed optimal control for non-cooperative systems involving time-fractional hyperbolic operators. Through the application of the Lax–Milgram theorem, we confirm the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions. Central to our approach is the utilization of the linear quadratic cost functional, which is meticulously crafted to encapsulate the interplay between the system's state and control variables. This functional serves as a pivotal tool in imposing constraints on the dynamic system under consideration, facilitating a nuanced understanding of its controllability. Using the Euler–Lagrange first-order optimality conditions with an adjoint problem defined by means of the right-time fractional derivative in the Caputo sense, we obtain an optimality system for the optimal control. Finally, some examples are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on deriving Milne-type inequalities using expanded fractional integral operators. We began by establishing a key equality associated with these operators. Using this equality, we explored Milne-type inequalities for functions with convex derivatives, supported by an illustrative example for clarity. Additionally, we investigated Milne-type inequalities for bounded and Lipschitzian functions utilizing fractional expanded integrals. Finally, we extended our exploration to Milne-type inequalities involving functions of bounded variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel treatment of fractional-time derivative using the incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method is introduced to simulate the bioconvection flow of nano-enhanced phase change materials (NEPCM) in a porous hexagonal cavity. The fractional-time derivative is based on the Caputo style, which reflects the fractional order behavior in complex systems. In this work, the circular rotation of the embedded four-pointed star and the motion of oxytactic microorganisms in a hexagonal cavity are conducted. Due to the significance of fractional derivatives in handling real physical problems with more flexibility than conventional derivatives, the present scheme of the ISPH method is developed to solve the fractional-time derivative of the bioconvection flow in a porous hexagonal cavity. This study implicates the variations of a fractional-time derivative, a parametric of an inner four-pointed star, and the pertinent physical parameters on the behavior of a bioconvection flow of a nanofluid in a hexagonal-cavity containing oxytactic microorganisms. The presence of microorganisms has a significant role in many biological, engineering, and medical phenomena. From the present numerical investigation, it is well mentioned that the computational time of the transient processes can be reduced by applying a fractional-time derivative. The variable sizes of an inner fourpointed star enhance the bioconvection flow in a hexagonal cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research article, we present novel extensions of Milne type inequalities to the realm of Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. Our approach involves exploring significant functional classes, including convex functions, bounded functions, Lipschitzian functions and functions of bounded variation. To accomplish our objective, we begin by establishing a crucial identity for differentiable functions. Leveraging this identity, we subsequently derive new variations of fractional Milne inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest iterations of Simpson-type inequalities (STIs) are the topic of this paper. These inequalities were generated via convex functions and tempered fractional integral operators (TFIOs). To get these sorts of inequalities, we employ the well-known Hölder inequality and the inequality of exponent mean. The subsequent STIS are a generalization of several works on this topic that use the fractional integrals of Riemann-Liouville (FIsRL). Moreover, distinctive outcomes can be achieved through unique selections of the parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractional Langevin equations play an important role in describing a wide range of physical processes. For instance, they have been used to describe single-file predominance and the behavior of unshackled particles propelled by internal sounds. This article investigates fractional Langevin equations incorporating recent extensive fractional operators of different orders. Nonperiodic and nonlocal integral boundary conditions are assumed for the model. The Hyres-Ulam stability, existence, and uniqueness of the solution are defined and analyzed for the suggested equations. Also, we utilize Banach contraction principle and Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem to accomplish our results. Moreover, it will be apparent that the findings of this study include various previously obtained results as exceptional cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the Wick‐type stochastic and extended Korteweg‐de Vries (EKdV) equation under conformable differential operators. Novel wave solutions with soliton and periodic types are produced to the deterministic EKdV under conformable differential operators. Abundant stochastic wave solutions are explored for the Wick‐type stochastic EKdV equation by using conformable differential operators and the inverse Hermite transform. The stochastic soliton and periodic solutions are denoted as functional solutions with Brownian motion environment. For the acquired solutions, comparisons and graphical representations with three‐dimensional graphs are shown for peculiar values of the existing parameters. According to the existing literature, utilization of the conformable differential operators is a novel contribution for solving the stochastic EKDV and other stochastic nonlinear problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]