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Primary pancreatic hydatid cyst is a rare form of echinococcosis, even in endemic areas. The present study reports the case of a 67-year-old male patient with a primary pancreatic hydatid cyst who presented with severe epigastric pain, vomiting and fever for a period >2 weeks. An endoscopic ultrasound revealed a cystic lesion in the pancreatic head with a solid component. A computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the ultrasound finding. Under general anesthesia, the patient underwent total pancreatectomy and splenectomy. A histopathological examination confirmed a primary pancreatic hydatid cyst. Hydatid cysts rarely occur primarily in the pancreas. They may spread to the pancreas through the hematogenous route. Various procedures can be performed for cyst removal, depending on the size and location of the cysts. Open surgery, laparoscopy and hybrid options are available; however, to date, the gold standard is open surgery to prevent spillage and reduce the chance of recurrence. Although rare, primary pancreatic hydatid cysts can occur, with surgery being the main treatment modality due to the vague preoperative diagnosis based on imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hydatid disease, also known as echinococcosis, is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by the larvae of the Echinococcus tapeworm. It is endemic in various regions worldwide, particularly in rural areas of countries in southern South America, Central Asia, China, parts of Africa, the Mediterranean, and parts of the Middle East. The disease primarily affects the liver (60–70% of cases) and the lungs (10–25% of cases), but it can involve any organ, including the brain, bones, and rarely the pelvic region, as seen in our case report. Hydatid disease typically follows an asymptomatic course in the early stages of the primary infection and may remain so potentially for years or even permanently. If symptoms occur, they depend on various factors, such as the number, size, and location among other factors. Typically, hydatid disease presents with nonspecific symptoms. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, as well as anaphylaxis in case of cyst rupture. Extrahepatic intra-abdominal isolated hydatic cyst is a rare finding (6–11%). Case presentation: In our case, a 70 year-old Asian white male presented with right thigh pain radiating to the lower leg, which is an atypical presentation for an extrahepatic intraabdominal hydatid cyst. Primary intraabdominal hydatid cysts involving the pelvic region are relatively rare, and such cases pose diagnostic and management challenges. Conclusion: This case report underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing extrahepatic intraabdominal hydatid cysts, particularly in atypical presentations. A combination of clinical evaluation, serological studies, and imaging techniques facilitates accurate diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary cardiac tumors are uncommon, with approximately 70–80% classified as benign. Myxomas constitute roughly half of all benign cardiac tumors, while cardiac hydatid cysts are exceptionally rare. Shortness of breath is a prominent symptom associated with these conditions. Echocardiography serves as the primary diagnostic tool, enabling early detection. The preferred course of action involves the surgical excision of the mass. Case presentation: Our first case, a 51-year-old female presented to the cardiology outpatient clinic with complaints of shortness of breath and palpitations persisting for 3 months. Physical examination and tests were within normal limits. Echocardiography revealed a right atrial myxoma measuring 65 * 35 mm. Despite not affecting valve and ventricular functions, the mass was surgically resected. Our second case, a 55-year-old male admitted to the cardiology clinic with recurrent fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Physical examination and tests were normal. Echocardiography revealed an echogenic mass with a septate appearance adhering to the free wall of the right atrium. The patient, diagnosed with a hydatid cyst, underwent surgical resection. Conclusions: We came across two different cases of RA masses which happened to be myxoma and hydatid cysts, and we managed accordingly. The right atrial myxomas typically present with nonspecific shortness of breath unless they cause valve obstruction. In cases where clinical findings suggest infection in the right atrial masses, it is essential to consider hydatid cyst as a potential diagnosis alongside the initial consideration of vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hydatid disease of the male breast has not been documented in literature to date. Case report: We present a case of a 46-year old male patient who presented with a painful breast lump for 1 year. On imaging, it was suspicious for hydatid disease of the breast and was successfully diagnosed preoperatively on fine-needle aspiration cytology and histopathology as hydatid disease of the breast. Discussion: Incidence of hydatid disease of the breast contributes to a minute number of total cases of hydatid disease. Male breast hydatid disease was unknown prior to this report. We did find similarities in the imaging features of our case and the ones described for female breasts. On ultrasonography, we found it analogous to the 'water-lily' sign which has been described in hepatic hydatic cysts. Conclusion: Keeping hydatid disease as a differential in the setting of a suspicious breast mass even in a male patient proved to be rewarding as it negated the need for further cross-sectional imaging and a definitive diagnosis could be sought based on the fine-needle aspiration cytology and histopathological findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are ten genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus with different intermediate and final hosts affecting the parasite's life cycle and its transmission to humans. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the genotype of isolated hydatid cysts using the simple and fast high-resolution melting point analysis (HRM) method. Methods: The paraffin tissue samples of patients who underwent surgery were obtained from the pathology sample bank of Vasei and Emdad Hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran during 2010-2020. The DNA content of the samples was extracted after collecting and determining the characteristics using the DNA extraction kit. PCR was performed on the samples and the presence of the hydatid cyst genome was confirmed using the special Master Kit. Mix PCR of Solis Biodyne Company and Real-Time device (Bio-Rad) were used, and the genetic identity of hydatid cysts were determined. Results: Out of 33 paraffin samples, 21 samples contained hydatid cyst DNA, two of which were from the brain and 19 from the liver tissues; 12 samples did not contain hydatid cyst DNAs. All liver samples were from sheep species (G1), and the brain samples were from buffalo species (G3). Therefore, 9.53% of the Echinococcus species collected were buffalo (G3), and 90.47% were sheep (G1) strain. Conclusion: Based on previous patterns, HRM methods can be used for easy and quick identification of Echinococcus strains. The G1 strain was the dominant strain causing hydatid cyst in different human organs, including the liver and brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hepatic hydatidosis is an endemic zoonosis in Chile; Aysén region have the highest incidence. Management of cystic liver disease is based on the WHO Classification, which determines the surgical indication. Materials and Method: Case series study of patients operated on for hepatic hydatid cyst by laparoscopic partial cystectomy, between 2005 and 2022, at the Coyhaique Regional Hospital, using a standardized surgical technique. Results: 133 patients, with a total of 165 operated cysts. 70% were WHO type 1 and 2 lesions, with an average diameter of 9.5cm. Average operating time 92 minutes. The intraoperative complication rate was 3.7% and conversion to open surgery was 11%. Global morbidity was 35%, highlighting the presence of biliary fistula with 21%. 83% of the complications were Clavien I, II and IIIb. There was no mortality in the series. Conclusion: Laparoscopic partial cystectomy is an adequate and safe technique for the treatment of hepatic hydatid cyst, especially in General Surgery centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: In cystic lesions of the pancreas, hydatid cyst should be considered in the differential diagnoses and its presence should be ruled out before any invasive interventions. Serological tests along with imaging studies related to hydatid cyst diagnostic indicators should be performed in people who live in Echinococcus granulosus endemic areas and suffer from cystic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Primary pancreatic hydatid cysts, caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, represent a rare occurrence often challenging to diagnose due to their similarity to other pancreatic conditions. This case report outlines a 67‐year‐old male presenting with jaundice and cholestasis but lacking typical symptoms associated with pancreatic hydatid cysts. Laboratory findings revealed elevated bilirubin levels, liver enzyme abnormalities, and tumor markers, prompting imaging studies that indicated a cystic mass near the pancreatic head. Misdiagnosed initially as a mucinous cystic neoplasm, the patient underwent Whipple surgery, unveiling a large cystic lesion upon examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Sağlik Bilimleri Tip Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Production-limiting diseases, such as helminth infections, are a major concern in temperate regions. They can lead to decreased meat and milk production and quality in livestock. This investigation aimed to assess the prevalence of Fasciola spp., Dicrocoelium spp., and Cystic echinococcosis in different livestock species (cattle, sheep, and goats) at the Khorramabad slaughterhouse between March 21, 2012, and March 20, 2022.ANOVA was employed to assess how disease prevalence varies across different periods and among various livestock species, aiming to comprehend the interplay of these independent variables on disease prevalence. The highest prevalence of Fasciola spp. was related to cattle, with a seasonal pattern showing a higher prevalence in autumn and winter. Hydatid cysts have increased over the past decade, with D. dendriticum being prevalent from 2017 to 2020. The investigation conducted has provided evidence that diseases caused by parasitic infestations in ruminants continue to persist even after treatment. This highlights the need for more effective and targeted sanitary and preventive measures that consider the type of parasite and its prevalence during different seasons. It is hence important to design and implement measures tailored to the specific needs of each parasite species, and aligned with the seasonal fluctuations in its population. This will help minimize the risk of disease transmission, thus reducing the impact on animal health and productivity, ultimately benefitting the livestock industry as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydatid cyst of the liver is a zoonosis caused by parasite Echinococcus granulosus, which remains highly prevalent in Morocco. Current medical imaging modalities, particularly ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT), facilitate rapid and accurate diagnosis, enable effective treatment possibilities and allow for easy follow-up. Complications are typically dominated by infection and rupture, especially in the bile ducts, peritoneal cavity, and chest. Dissemination and development within vascular structures, especially the portal vein, are much less common. This underscores the significance of our case, which illustrates this rare complication of hydatid cyst of the liver.

Abstract Background Hydatid disease, also known as echinococcosis, is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by the larvae of the Echinococcus tapeworm. It is endemic in various regions worldwide, particularly in rural areas of countries in southern South America, Central Asia, China, parts of Africa, the Mediterranean, and parts of the Middle East. The disease primarily affects the liver (60–70% of cases) and the lungs (10–25% of cases), but it can involve any organ, including the brain, bones, and rarely the pelvic region, as seen in our case report. Hydatid disease typically follows an asymptomatic course in the early stages of the primary infection and may remain so potentially for years or even permanently. If symptoms occur, they depend on various factors, such as the number, size, and location among other factors. Typically, hydatid disease presents with nonspecific symptoms. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, as well as anaphylaxis in case of cyst rupture. Extrahepatic intra-abdominal isolated hydatic cyst is a rare finding (6–11%). Case presentation In our case, a 70 year-old Asian white male presented with right thigh pain radiating to the lower leg, which is an atypical presentation for an extrahepatic intraabdominal hydatid cyst. Primary intraabdominal hydatid cysts involving the pelvic region are relatively rare, and such cases pose diagnostic and management challenges. Conclusion This case report underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing extrahepatic intraabdominal hydatid cysts, particularly in atypical presentations. A combination of clinical evaluation, serological studies, and imaging techniques facilitates accurate diagnosis.

Abstract Background Primary cardiac tumors are uncommon, with approximately 70–80% classified as benign. Myxomas constitute roughly half of all benign cardiac tumors, while cardiac hydatid cysts are exceptionally rare. Shortness of breath is a prominent symptom associated with these conditions. Echocardiography serves as the primary diagnostic tool, enabling early detection. The preferred course of action involves the surgical excision of the mass. Case presentation Our first case, a 51-year-old female presented to the cardiology outpatient clinic with complaints of shortness of breath and palpitations persisting for 3 months. Physical examination and tests were within normal limits. Echocardiography revealed a right atrial myxoma measuring 65 * 35 mm. Despite not affecting valve and ventricular functions, the mass was surgically resected. Our second case, a 55-year-old male admitted to the cardiology clinic with recurrent fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Physical examination and tests were normal. Echocardiography revealed an echogenic mass with a septate appearance adhering to the free wall of the right atrium. The patient, diagnosed with a hydatid cyst, underwent surgical resection. Conclusions We came across two different cases of RA masses which happened to be myxoma and hydatid cysts, and we managed accordingly. The right atrial myxomas typically present with nonspecific shortness of breath unless they cause valve obstruction. In cases where clinical findings suggest infection in the right atrial masses, it is essential to consider hydatid cyst as a potential diagnosis alongside the initial consideration of vegetation.

Echinococcosis, alternatively referred to as hydatid disease, is caused by the larvae of the tapeworm Echinococcus. The primary agents of human infections are Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. The present case report pertains to an individual who relocated from an endemic region to the United Arab Emirates and subsequently manifested symptoms of hydropneumothorax. The 44-year-old male patient presented with a 4-day fever and right-sided chest pain, accompanied by cough and breathlessness for 2 weeks. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed right hydropneumothorax and a ruptured hydatid cyst with consolidation. The patient was diagnosed with a ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst based on a strongly positive hydatid serology and the presence of hydatid tissue on histopathological examination. The patient underwent surgical decortication with cyst removal and received medical treatment with ceftriaxone and albendazole. He was discharged in good condition after a 10-day hospitalisation period. Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease that most often affects the liver and lungs. Although more than half of the patients do not show any symptoms, the main symptoms observed during presentation include dry cough, haemoptysis, and chest pain. Plain radiographs or chest CT scans are used for diagnosis. Surgery is considered the primary treatment for pulmonary hydatid cysts and medical treatment with benzimidazoles (albendazole and mebendazole) is recommended. Complicated pulmonary hydatid disease can manifest in various ways, including hydropneumothorax, as observed in the present case. Early diagnosis, surgical intervention combined with medical treatment, and multidisciplinary teamwork can significantly improve patient outcomes.

Background and Objective: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common in women. The use of parasites or parasite antigens is one of the newest therapeutic approaches for cancer, although it has not yet been used or approved in human trials. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic effects of purified carbohydrates from the hyaline layer, fluid, and protoscolices of hydatid cysts on the human colorectal cancer cell line (LS174T). Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on two sheep and two cow livers infected with hydatid cysts, and the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (LS174T) purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran during 2022. Cyst fluid, protoscolices, and the hyaline layer were isolated from the hydatid cyst-infected livers, and glycoproteins and glycolipids from different parts of the cyst were extracted using the chloroform-methanol method. Carbohydrates were purified using the beta-elimination method and their presence was confirmed using the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The cytotoxicity of purified carbohydrates on the LS174T cell line was evaluated using the methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay for 24 hours. Results: Concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 of purified carbohydrates from glycoproteins and glycolipids of hydatid cysts significantly inhibited the growth of LS174T cells (P

Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus. Echinococcus Granulosus is the most common cause of hydatid disease in humans. Bone involvement is rare, accounting for only 0.9% to 2.5% of all cases. We report the case of an 8-year-old child admitted with right arm pain, revealing a hydatid cyst on the humerus. Lesion assessment revealed a hydatid cyst of the humerus with extension to the adjacent soft tissues. The surgical procedure involved the excision of the cyst along with drainage. In this case report, we review the epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical aspects of the disease, as well as the treatment modalities. Bone hydatid disease is infiltrative, diffuse, slow, and progressive, making diagnosis late, and compromising the quality of treatment.

Background and Objective: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common in women. The use of parasites or parasite antigens is one of the newest therapeutic approaches for cancer, although it has not yet been used or approved in human trials. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic effects of purified carbohydrates from the hyaline layer, fluid, and protoscolices of hydatid cysts on the human colorectal cancer cell line (LS174T). Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on two sheep and two cow livers infected with hydatid cysts, and the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (LS174T) purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran during 2022. Cyst fluid, protoscolices, and the hyaline layer were isolated from the hydatid cyst-infected livers, and glycoproteins and glycolipids from different parts of the cyst were extracted using the chloroform-methanol method. Carbohydrates were purified using the beta-elimination method and their presence was confirmed using the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The cytotoxicity of purified carbohydrates on the LS174T cell line was evaluated using the methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay for 24 hours. Results: Concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 of purified carbohydrates from glycoproteins and glycolipids of hydatid cysts significantly inhibited the growth of LS174T cells (P<0.05). Initial cytotoxicity evaluation showed that purified carbohydrates from glycoproteins of sheep cyst fluid (38.60±1.33%), glycoproteins of cow cyst hyaline layer (36.61±1.76%), glycolipids of cow cyst hyaline layer (38.94±2.99%), glycoproteins of cow cyst protoscolices (40.27±3.66%), and glycolipids of sheep cyst protoscolices (37.94±1.99%) had significantly more pronounced inhibitory effects (P<0.05). Subsequent screening with the MTT assay revealed that purified carbohydrates from glycoproteins isolated from sheep hydatid cyst fluid (52.35±10.24%), glycolipids isolated from cow hydatid cyst hyaline layer (53.40±7.88%), and glycolipids isolated from sheep hydatid cyst protoscolices (53.05±5.06%) had significantly more pronounced inhibitory effects on the growth of LS174T cancer cells (P<0.05). Conclusion: Carbohydrates isolated from glycoproteins and glycolipids of the hyaline layer, fluid, and protoscolices of hydatid cysts have significant anticancer effects on the LS174T colorectal cancer cell line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Echinococcosis, commonly known as hydatid disease, is a zoonotic infection resulting from the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The occurrence of hydatid cysts in the orbital region is uncommon, representing less than 1% of all reported hydatid cases. This report details a unique case of an intramuscular hydatid cyst in the orbital region that led to compressive optic neuropathy. Case Presentation A 22-year-old male from Kabul, Afghanistan presented with a five-month history of progressive proptosis in his left eye, associated with a gradual decrease in vision over the past three weeks. The left eye exhibited upward globe dystopia, ocular motility limitation, mild conjunctival injection, and chemosis. Diagnosis was achieved through imaging and histopathological examination. Treatment involves surgical removal of the cyst and prolonged albendazole therapy. The postoperative course showed significant improvement in the patient’s condition and restoration of his vision. Conclusions Despite its rarity, this case underscores the importance of awareness and knowledge of hydatid disease among physicians, especially those working in endemic areas. It emphasizes the importance of including hydatid disease in the differential diagnosis of orbital masses, particularly in endemic regions.

Abstract Background Hydatid cysts, a parasite caused by infestation with Echinococcosis granulose, are rarely found in isolation in the retroperitoneum. Diagnosis is based on clinical and paraclinical criteria, and the symptoms are often aspecific. In large, symptomatic forms, surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. However, a multidisciplinary approach, including infectious diseases specialists, can improve results and reduce the risk of recurrence. Case presentation We report the case of a 38-year-old woman presenting with a large primary retroperitoneal hydatid cyst. After 13 years of asymptomatic evolution, she developed lumbar pain and a sensation of heaviness. The diagnosis was confirmed by a battery of biological and radiological tests. Due to the size of the cyst, open surgery was performed. Follow-up revealed no clinical complaints or recurrences. Conclusion Considered a rare condition, hydatid cyst requires special attention when evaluating lumbar masses or cystic masses, particularly in endemic areas. In addition to surgery, it is essential to take into account the risk of contamination of other sites during surgery. Collaboration with specialists in infectious diseases is therefore essential.

Objectives. Hydatid disease is a potentially lethal parasitic condition caused by the larvae of Echinococcus Granulosus; it is found in humans and more commonly in domestic and wild animals in endemic areas. This pathology is frequently encountered in the liver, the hydatid cyst with retroperitoneal location representing a rarely encountered form of evolution. Materials and Methods. In the present paper, we present a study carried out on 6 patients hospitalized in the Surgery Department of the Craiova County Emergency Clinical Hospital. These patients were diagnosed between 2002-2022 with retroperitoneal hydatid cyst or with multiple cysts (including retroperitoneal), being operated and monitored postoperatively at a distance. Results. The diagnosis was generally established by clinical examination, laboratory investigations and CT imaging, while the MRI evaluation was performed only in two of the cases, in order to provide additional data necessary for the surgeon. Conclusions. The difficulty of surgical interventions was determined by the size and local/multilocular extension of the disease; in the case of one patient, a double approach, abdominal and thigh, was necessary.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of adult patients followed up for hydatid cysts disease. Method: Patients over the age of 18 years who were diagnosed with hydatid disease, between January 2015 and September 2021 were included in the study. The clinical, laboratory and radiologic characteristics of the patients were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The study included 66 patients. 59.1% of the patients were female and the mean age was 40.9±15.60 years. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain (42.4%). The most common sites of involvement were the liver (78.8%) and lung (18.2%). The majority of patients had solitary cysts (84.8%). The most common finding in laboratory tests was elevated total IgE (74.1%). The indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test was positive in 77.4% of the patients tested. Conclusion: In our study, it was concluded that hydatid cysts are most commonly seen in the liver, often with single organ involvement, and that elevated total IgE in laboratory diagnosis may be helpful in the diagnosis of hydatid cyst disease, although it does not make a definitive diagnosis.

Background: Echinococcosis, commonly known as hydatid disease, is a zoonotic infection resulting from the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The occurrence of hydatid cysts in the orbital region is uncommon, representing less than 1% of all reported hydatid cases. This report details a unique case of an intramuscular hydatid cyst in the orbital region that led to compressive optic neuropathy. Case Presentation: A 22-year-old male from Kabul, Afghanistan presented with a five-month history of progressive proptosis in his left eye, associated with a gradual decrease in vision over the past three weeks. The left eye exhibited upward globe dystopia, ocular motility limitation, mild conjunctival injection, and chemosis. Diagnosis was achieved through imaging and histopathological examination. Treatment involves surgical removal of the cyst and prolonged albendazole therapy. The postoperative course showed significant improvement in the patient's condition and restoration of his vision. Conclusions: Despite its rarity, this case underscores the importance of awareness and knowledge of hydatid disease among physicians, especially those working in endemic areas. It emphasizes the importance of including hydatid disease in the differential diagnosis of orbital masses, particularly in endemic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Hydatid cyst is a sly disease that can manifest with a spectrum of symptoms in almost every part of the human body, so it is crucial to be familiar with different scenarios that a patient may present. The echinococcus granulosus parasite causes hydatid disease and is common in areas with animal husbandry and agriculture. Here, we report a middle age woman who presented with abdominal pain that further investigation revealed a cyst in subdiaphragmatic area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus. Clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and serologic findings should be evaluated together for the diagnosis of CE. The sensitivity and specificity oalf serologic tests may vary depending on the method used. In this study, we aimed to detect IgG antibodies specific to E. granulosus using indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect fluorescent antibodies (IFA) and western blot (WB) tests. Methods: In our study, the serum samples of 74 patients sent to our laboratory with suspicion of CE were studied using two different commercial IHA tests, ELISA, IFA and WB test. The test results were evaluated along with radiological findings and histopathological examinations, the latter being the gold standard. Results: Of all the patients, 51 (69%) were female and 23 (31%) were male. There was a statistically significant difference between males and females (χ2 = 9.7, p = 0.002). Out of 74 patients, positivity rates for Siemens IHA, Fumouze IHA, ELISA, IFA and WB test were positive as 33 (44.6%), 35 (47.3%), 43 (58.1%), 42 (56.7%) and 38 (51.3%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were as follows: 66.67 and 2.31% for Siemens IHA; 70.83% and 96.15% for Fumouze IHA; 85.42%, and 88.46% for ELISA; 83.33% and 88.46% for IFA; 72.92% and 88.46% for WB test. Conclusion: There were statistically significant differences in between all five methods (p < 0,001). While the tests with the highest specificity was Fumouze IHA, the test with the highest sensitivity was the ELISA test. It was concluded that IHA and ELISA tests were more practical in practice because of their greater applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Despite its importance to global health, hydatid disease remains difficult to diagnose and control without accurate and accessible diagnostic tools. A One Health approach is necessary for cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals. Antibodies detection of Echinococcus granulosus by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting can confirm CE diagnosis, particularly in cases where other techniques may fail. A correct and early diagnosis is fundamental to determining the treatment outcome of the CE patient. Nanotechnologies and nanobiosensors have advanced diagnostic capabilities in recent years. The development of nanobiosensors has the potential to bridge the gap between human and veterinary diagnostics, enabling more integrated surveillance and control strategies. Nanobiosensors present a significant step forward in CE detection in resource-constrained settings when integrated into field-based surveillance systems. Due to their portability and ease of use, these sensors can be used as point-of-care diagnostic devices, enabling timely, decentralized diagnosis. Ensuring access to advanced laboratory tools in regions with limited access is crucial. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals. Despite a lack of clarity about many details of parasite–intermediate host interactions, the nature of the immune responses triggered by hydatid infection has revealed new perspectives. This study discusses the latest advances in elucidating the immunologic mechanism of echinococcosis and its detection and potential approaches to enhance serodiagnosis accuracy. Moreover, nanobiosensors have been evaluated according to their potential to improve treatment efficiency and aid in an early diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis. The serum of an intermediate host can diagnose CE by analyzing antibodies induced by Echinococcus granulosus. Among the most notable features of this method are its noninvasive ability and high sensitivity, both of which make it an excellent tool for clinical diagnosis. Several serological tests, including ELISAs and immunoblotting, can detect these antibodies to assess the disease's state and determine the treatment outcome. A thorough understanding of what cross-reactivity means and the stage of the disease are crucial to interpreting serological results. Nanobiosensors have also proven better than conventional biosensors in detecting hydatid cysts. Additionally, they are highly sensitive and versatile when detecting specific biomarkers, improving diagnostic accuracy. These immunomodulatory molecules, induced by E. granulosus, are a good candidate for diagnosing cystic echinococcosis because they alter intermediate host immune responses. Hydatid cyst detection is also enhanced through nanobiosensors, which provide better accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of adult patients followed up for hydatid cysts disease. Method: Patients over the age of 18 years who were diagnosed with hydatid disease, between January 2015 and September 2021 were included in the study. The clinical, laboratory and radiologic characteristics of the patients were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The study included 66 patients. Of the patients 59.1% were female and the mean age was 40.9±15.60 years. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain (42.4%). The most common sites of involvement were the liver (78.8%) and lung (18.2%). The majority of patients had solitary cysts (84.8%). The most common finding in laboratory tests was elevated total IgE (74.1%). The indirect hemagglutination test was positive in 77.4% of the patients tested. Conclusion: In our study, it was concluded that hydatid cysts are most commonly seen in the liver, often with single organ involvement, and that elevated total IgE in laboratory diagnosis may be helpful in the diagnosis of hydatid cyst disease although it does not make a definitive diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Wound healing has evolved in recent years, resulting in diverse therapeutic options. Objective: This study evaluated the effects of the somatic antigen of the hydatid cyst protoscolex on wound healing in mice with full‐thickness skin wounds. Methods: Fifty‐four adult mice, weighing 25 ± 5 g and approximately 60 days old, were divided into three groups (A, B, and C), each further divided into three subgroups. Subgroups A1, A2, and A3 were assigned negative controls. B1, B2, and B3 received hydatid cyst somatic antigen tests at 10 µg/SC, whereas C1, C2, and C3 received somatic antigen tests at 20 µg/SC. Under general anesthesia, a wound biopsy puncture of 9.8 mm in diameter was performed on the mice's back and spine. In the experimental group, antigen and alum adjuvant were administered subcutaneously around the wound, while the control group received Phosphate‐Buffered Saline (PBS). Using digital images, a geometric assessment was conducted on days 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 post‐wounding. The obtained images were analyzed by Image J software and after analyzing the data by SPSS software. Results: A significant difference in terms of epithelization was observed in the antigen treatment group with a dose of 20 µg on days 3 and 6 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the 20 µg antigen group was significantly higher than the 10 µg antigen group in terms of this factor on day 3 (P < 0.05). Skin samples were taken from all wounds on days 3, 10 and 21 for microscopic evaluation. Regarding epithelization, on day 10, a significant difference was observed in the treatment group with a concentration of 10 µg with the control group and the treatment group with a concentration of 20 µg (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that somatic antigens of protoscolex hydatid cyst are dose‐dependent and antigens with a dose of 20 µg by subcutaneous injection accelerate wound healing and epithelialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydatid disease is endemic in some regions of the world. Even in endemic regions, splenic hydatid cysts are rare, especially in pregnancy. The most serious presentation is intra peritoneal rupture, which is a surgical emergency. Exploration with splenectomy is the favoured management. We present a case of splenic hydatid cyst, detected late in pregnancy, with intraperitoneal rupture in the postpartum period. Cystic lesions located anywhere in the body in endemic regions could be hydatid cysts. Prompt treatment should be planned immediately on detection in order to prevent potentially serious complications like rupture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: There are ten genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus with different intermediate and final hosts affecting the parasite's life cycle and its transmission to humans. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the genotype of isolated hydatid cysts using the simple and fast high-resolution melting point analysis (HRM) method. Methods: The paraffin tissue samples of patients who underwent surgery were obtained from the pathology sample bank of Vasei and Emdad Hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran during 2010-2020. The DNA content of the samples was extracted after collecting and determining the characteristics using the DNA extraction kit. PCR was performed on the samples and the presence of the hydatid cyst genome was confirmed using the special Master Kit. Mix PCR of Solis Biodyne Company and Real-Time device (Bio-Rad) were used, and the genetic identity of hydatid cysts were determined. Results: Out of 33 paraffin samples, 21 samples contained hydatid cyst DNA, two of which were from the brain and 19 from the liver tissues; 12 samples did not contain hydatid cyst DNAs. All liver samples were from sheep species (G1), and the brain samples were from buffalo species (G3). Therefore, 9.53% of the Echinococcus species collected were buffalo (G3), and 90.47% were sheep (G1) strain. Conclusion: Based on previous patterns, HRM methods can be used for easy and quick identification of Echinococcus strains. The G1 strain was the dominant strain causing hydatid cyst in different human organs, including the liver and brain.

Wild boars can directly or indirectly transmit numerous zoonotic helminths to humans in rural communities as they serve as reservoir hosts. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and molecular characterisation of cystic metacestode forms of helminth parasites in wild boar and to identify haplotypes. To this end, 23 wild boar carcasses shot by hunters during the 2023 hunting season were necropsied and all internal organs were examined. Cysticercus tenuicollis (n = 07) and hydatid cyst (n = 10) isolates were obtained from the examined boars. Species identification of Cysticercus and hydatid cyst isolates was performed by amplification of partial fragments of the cox1 gene. According to BLAST search, all sequences of C. tenuicollis isolates were identified as Taenia hydatigena. Out of the hydatid cyst isolates, seven were classified as Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1/G3) and one sample was identified as Echinococcus canadensis (G6/G7). All isolates of E. granulosus s.s. (G1/G3) were re-amplified with the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5) in order to distinguish between G1 and G3 genotypes. Based on the sequence analysis, it was found that five of the E. granulosus s.s. isolates were classified as G1, while two were classified as G3. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the G1 genotype is the most prevalent genetic variant among wild boar populations in Bingol province, Türkiye. In this study, a total of five novel haplotypes were identified. A previously unidentified haplotype was revealed through the haplotype analysis of E. canadensis (G6/G7). All isolates in the haplotype network of T. hydatigena were shown to exhibit distinct and geographically specific haplotypes. According to the findings of the study, wild boars include a substantial amount of genetic variety in E. granulosus s.s. And T. hydatigena.

Muscular echinococcosis is a rare parasitic disease caused by the tapeworms Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. Clinical symptoms are non-specific and appear late, usually when the hydatid cyst is of significant size. The combination of diagnostic imaging studies and serological tests is the key to making a correct diagnosis. The treatment of muscular echinococcosis is mainly surgical, in the form of complete resection of the hydatid cyst. Adjuvant anthelmintic therapy is also administered to reduce the risk of hydatid cyst recurrence. We present a clinical case of a 17-year-old girl with muscular echinococcosis, diagnosed and treated in our clinic.

Key Clinical Message In cystic lesions of the pancreas, hydatid cyst should be considered in the differential diagnoses and its presence should be ruled out before any invasive interventions. Serological tests along with imaging studies related to hydatid cyst diagnostic indicators should be performed in people who live in Echinococcus granulosus endemic areas and suffer from cystic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Abstract Primary pancreatic hydatid cysts, caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, represent a rare occurrence often challenging to diagnose due to their similarity to other pancreatic conditions. This case report outlines a 67‐year‐old male presenting with jaundice and cholestasis but lacking typical symptoms associated with pancreatic hydatid cysts. Laboratory findings revealed elevated bilirubin levels, liver enzyme abnormalities, and tumor markers, prompting imaging studies that indicated a cystic mass near the pancreatic head. Misdiagnosed initially as a mucinous cystic neoplasm, the patient underwent Whipple surgery, unveiling a large cystic lesion upon examination.

Hydatid cysts of the spleen are rare. Our report details a case wherein an 8-year-old boy with a ruptured splenic hydatid cyst suffered ongoing abdominal pain and shock. Computed Tomography (CT) imaging showed an irregular cyst at the spleen's lower edge with a “floating membranes” sign. Emergency surgery was performed to remove the hydatid cyst and repair the ruptured spleen. During follow-up, the patient was treated with Albendazole orally for 12 months.

Isolated primary diaphragmatic hydatid disease (HD) occurs in approximately 1% of adult cases. However, this unique presentation of a pediatric diaphragmatic cystic mass has not been previously described in the literature. This study reports a rare case of a 12-year-old girl who was diagnosed with a diaphragmatic hydatid cyst. Surgical exploration via subcostal incision revealed an isolated cyst, free from the thoracic and abdominal viscera. Cystotomy, removal of daughter cysts, and excision of the pericyst cavity were performed, followed by diaphragmatic repair. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient completed an 8-week mebendazole regimen with no recurrence at 3 months' follow-up. This paper recommends including HD in the differential diagnosis for pediatric patients presenting with diaphragmatic lesions, particularly in regions endemic for echinococcosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydatidosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the cystic stage of Echinococcus species. Intrathoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cysts causing eventration are very rare. Here, we report a case of a 62-year-old female who presented with chest pain, intermittent coughing, general weakness, and fever. On auscultation, there were diminished respiratory sounds at the base of the left lung. A computed tomography scan showed a cystic formation with an ambiguous location involving the left lower thorax and the left hypochondrium. Complete surgical resection is the standard treatment for intrathoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cysts. Due to the direct bordering of the cyst with the pericardium in the left cadiophrenic angle, a cystotomy and evacuation of the cystic cavity were performed, followed by washing it with povidone and hyperosmolar saline. The location of the hydatid cyst has an important role in determining the surgical approach, as the unusual location could affect the possibility of radically removing the cyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Endemic domestic dog-ruminant cycles and human cystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus have been sporadically reported in the United States. However, there is a paucity of molecular data describing the genotypes and haplotypes of this important cestode in domestic ruminant hosts. Methods Ninety-four cysts from the lungs and/or livers of slaughtered beef cattle (76 samples), dairy cows (five samples) and sheep (13 samples) were collected from abattoirs in four states of the USA. Samples were genotyped at two mitochondrial loci, cox1 and nad5. Sequences were used to determine species, genotypes and haplotypes using median joining networks and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Cyst fertility was assessed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Additionally, previously reported autochthonous E. granulosus infections in the USA in various hosts were mapped. Results Based on cox1 sequences obtained from 94 cysts, 89 (94.7%) were identified as E. granulosus G1/G3, while five (5.3%) were Taenia hydatigena. Taenia hydatigena were only isolated from sheep. Based on nad5 sequences obtained from 89 hydatid cysts, 96.6% and 3.4% belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 respectively. Two haplotypes were found among E. granulosus cox1 sequences, neither of which was geographically unique. Six haplotypes were found among nad5 sequences in genotype G1, of which five were novel, while one haplotype was found in genotype G3. In the concatenated cox1-nad5 dataset, seven haplotypes were identified, of which six were geographically unique. All cysts from cattle were non-fertile. Four cysts from sheep were fertile. Conclusions All genotyped samples belonged to E. granulosus s.s. This is the first study to our knowledge to confirm the presence of genotypes G1 and G3 in domestic cattle and sheep intermediate hosts in the USA and provide data for future diagnostic and epidemiological studies. Sequences have been deposited in GenBank (cox1 sequences: OR398494-OR398496, nad5 sequences: OR400695-OR400702). Graphical Abstract

Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease and is an important health problem, especially in developing countries. Hydatic cysts are typically observed in the liver and lungs. Cardiac and brain involvement are rare manifestations. Cardiac hydatic cysts are usually located in the left ventricle. Brain involvement is frequently seen as a primary cerebral cyst and is almost always solitary. However, secondary intracerebral cysts are also seen as a result of cardiac cysts rupturing into the left ventricle spontaneously or iatrogenically, and these are usually multiple. Herein, we report a case that has two rare clinical manifestations of hydatid cysts.

Abstract Introduction Intermuscular hydatid cyst is one of the rarest types of hydatid cyst, and as far as we know, only nine cases were reported in the literature before this study. Case presentation We present a 10-year-old Iranian child with an intermuscular cystic mass in the medial-distal thigh. Despite the typical imaging findings, the patient's serological and hematological tests were negative for hydatid cyst. The cyst underwent wide excision accompanied by neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy with Albendazole. No evidence of recurrence was detected during the one-year follow-up. Conclusion Hydatid cysts should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue cystic masses in endemic areas, and aspiration or drainage should be avoided as much as possible, even when serological tests are negative and imaging is non-diagnostic. In cases where the diagnosis of a hydatid cyst has been confirmed before the surgery, it is recommended to approach the cyst, like a tumor with chemotherapy using Albendazole both before and after wide cyst excision.

Hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease frequently encountered in the liver and lungs, caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus. Occasionally, hydatid cysts can be seen in the spleen, kidney, heart, bone, ovaries and peritoneal cavity. We presented a case of extrahepatic intra-abdominal hydatid cyst, which we have detected incidentally in an eight-year-old girl who was investigated for post-traumatic abdominal pain. Radiologic examination of the patient showed a midline cystic mas including septations superior to the bladder, and mesenteric cyst, ovarian mass and hydatid cyst were considered for differential diagnosis. The indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test result of the patient was negative (

Asrat Sime Debela,1 Kibruyisfaw Weldeab Abore,1 Alemayehu Bedane Worke,2 Selamawit Tadesse Wendimagegn3 1Department of Ophthalmology, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2Department of Radiology, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3Department of Pathology, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Kibruyisfaw Weldeab Abore, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Email kibruyisfaww@gmail.comBackground: Hydatid disease is a tapeworm parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus that commonly affects the liver and lungs during its life cycle in the human body. Orbital involvement is a very rare occurrence and isolated orbital Echinococcosis is extremely rare.Case Presentation: A 60-year-old female Eritrean woman presented with 3-month history of painless protrusion of the left eye. Physical examination showed significantly decreased visual acuity of the left eye, left eye proptosis, and papilledema. Laboratory investigations were normal and orbital CT scan examination was suggestive of orbital hydatid cyst. After giving two weeks course of oral Albendazole, anterior orbitotomy and cyst excision was done. Post-op biopsy was conclusive of orbital hydatid cyst. She had mild lid swelling and adduction deficit on her post-operative follow-up. Subsequent longer duration of follow-up of the patient was not possible since the patient relocated back to Eritrea.Conclusion: Orbital hydatid cyst is an extremely rare presentation of human Echinococcus granulosus infection. However, it should be considered one of the differential diagnoses among patients living in an endemic area and presenting with proptosis of the eye. A preoperative course of anthelmintic followed by surgical excision of the cyst is the definitive management.Keywords: hydatid cyst, hydatid disease, orbit, Echinococcosis, Ethiopia

Hydatid disease is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Humans are aberrant intermediate hosts and following the infection, the parasite may infest any organ of the body, with the liver and lungs being the most involved organs. Portal vein involvement by hydatid cyst disease is extremely rare with only seven cases published to our knowledge. We present a 62-year-old Persian male with an incidental liver cyst. His laboratory tests were in normal ranges. The ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings show hydatid disease of the liver with distal portal vein involvement and collateral venous formations. The patient is being followed and has not gone under surgery yet. It possesses a propensity to invade multiple organ systems, notably the liver and lungs. Hydatid disease is imposing a significant burden on healthcare systems specifically in developing countries. Manifestations of the disease are often non-specific, while a subset of the infected population remains asymptomatic. Portal vein invasion and obstruction is a rare complication, and it is important to distinguish it from vein thrombosis, as the management of these entities requires different approaches.

Purpose: This study aims to underscore the rarity of intraorbital hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive exploration and documentation for effective management. Observations: Clinical presentations include proptosis, visual deterioration, ocular motility disruptions, and chemosis. A case study of an 8-year-old boy with a retroorbital hydatid cyst successfully resected through a right transcaruncular orbitotomy approach is presented, highlighting surgical complexities and the efficacy of pre and post-operative albendazole therapy. Conclusion and Importance: The successful excision and management of the intraorbital hydatid cyst underscore the significance of accurate diagnosis and precise surgical intervention. This case emphasizes the importance of expanding knowledge about this rare manifestation, contributing to enhanced diagnostic and treatment strategies for optimal outcomes in managing global health concerns.

Background: Endemic domestic dog-ruminant cycles and human cystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus have been sporadically reported in the United States. However, there is a paucity of molecular data describing the genotypes and haplotypes of this important cestode in domestic ruminant hosts. Methods: Ninety-four cysts from the lungs and/or livers of slaughtered beef cattle (76 samples), dairy cows (five samples) and sheep (13 samples) were collected from abattoirs in four states of the USA. Samples were genotyped at two mitochondrial loci, cox1 and nad5. Sequences were used to determine species, genotypes and haplotypes using median joining networks and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Cyst fertility was assessed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Additionally, previously reported autochthonous E. granulosus infections in the USA in various hosts were mapped. Results: Based on cox1 sequences obtained from 94 cysts, 89 (94.7%) were identified as E. granulosus G1/G3, while five (5.3%) were Taenia hydatigena. Taenia hydatigena were only isolated from sheep. Based on nad5 sequences obtained from 89 hydatid cysts, 96.6% and 3.4% belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 respectively. Two haplotypes were found among E. granulosus cox1 sequences, neither of which was geographically unique. Six haplotypes were found among nad5 sequences in genotype G1, of which five were novel, while one haplotype was found in genotype G3. In the concatenated cox1-nad5 dataset, seven haplotypes were identified, of which six were geographically unique. All cysts from cattle were non-fertile. Four cysts from sheep were fertile. Conclusions: All genotyped samples belonged to E. granulosus s.s. This is the first study to our knowledge to confirm the presence of genotypes G1 and G3 in domestic cattle and sheep intermediate hosts in the USA and provide data for future diagnostic and epidemiological studies. Sequences have been deposited in GenBank (cox1 sequences: OR398494-OR398496, nad5 sequences: OR400695-OR400702). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Intermuscular hydatid cyst is one of the rarest types of hydatid cyst, and as far as we know, only nine cases were reported in the literature before this study. Case presentation: We present a 10-year-old Iranian child with an intermuscular cystic mass in the medial-distal thigh. Despite the typical imaging findings, the patient's serological and hematological tests were negative for hydatid cyst. The cyst underwent wide excision accompanied by neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy with Albendazole. No evidence of recurrence was detected during the one-year follow-up. Conclusion: Hydatid cysts should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue cystic masses in endemic areas, and aspiration or drainage should be avoided as much as possible, even when serological tests are negative and imaging is non-diagnostic. In cases where the diagnosis of a hydatid cyst has been confirmed before the surgery, it is recommended to approach the cyst, like a tumor with chemotherapy using Albendazole both before and after wide cyst excision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: External biliary fistula, where the residual cyst is associated with the biliary tree, is one of the most common complications after liver hydatid cyst surgery. Surgical procedures become a consideration for patients in whom the biliary fistula persists despite all endoscopic procedures. However, reoperation for biliary fistula after hydatid cyst surgery leads to additional complications and increases morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study aims to treat persistent biliary fistulas that develop after liver hydatid cyst surgery using a simple noninvasive technique. Materials and Methods: External drainage surgery was performed on 295 patients with liver hydatid cysts. Endoscopic treatment methods were used in patients who developed biliary fistula after surgery. Despite all endoscopic treatment methods, 14 patients developed persistent biliary fistulas. These patients were subsequently treated using the drain clamping technique. Findings: All persistent fistulas occluded in 11.86 days (with a range of 8–20 days). No complications were observed in the one-year follow-up visits. Conclusion: Drain clamping, a novel approach to the treatment of persistent biliary fistulas developed despite all available endoscopic methods, can be safely used. This technique resulted in a complete recovery in patients without the need for surgical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac echinococcosis is a rare and severe manifestation of hydatid disease. It is caused by parasitic infestation by the Echinococcus species and can lead to life-threatening complications. Diagnosis is difficult due to nonspecific symptoms, but echocardiography is a highly sensitive diagnostic method. Albendazole treatment is effective in managing these cysts and can be an alternative to surgery. A patient with multiple cardiac hydatid cysts was successfully treated with albendazole, highlighting the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent life-threatening complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Literature regarding hydatid disease in children is sparse. Aims: To highlight the peculiarities in the clinical pattern of pediatric hydatid disease (PHD). Settings and Design/Materials and Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from all children aged <18 years who presented to our tertiary care institute from July 2021 to June 2023 with hydatid disease involving any organ. Statistical Analysis Used: Simple statistical analysis involving sums, means, averages, and percentages. Results: Four of the 10 cases (40%) involved the lung, while only 2 (20%) involved the liver. There were five females and four males with an age range of 2--17 years. Four of the cases had primary extrahepatic extrapulmonary hydatid disease (40%), two involving the pancreas, one in the rectouterine pouch, and one intracranial. Conclusions: The clinical pattern of PHD is different from that of adults. Pulmonary echinococcosis is more common than hepatic involvement. Primary extrahepatic extrapulmonary hydatid disease is also more common in children than previously thought. A cystic lesion anywhere in a child warrants a differential of hydatid disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans, caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus granulosus. The disease has significant health and economic impacts worldwide, particularly in endemic areas. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hydatid cysts in ruminants (cattle and sheep) (n = 2060) from the Setif Province of Algeria using microscopy. The results showed that hydatid cysts were detected in 9.6% (198/2060) of ruminants, with a higher prevalence in cattle (16.8%; 56/333) compared to sheep (8.2%; 142/1727). Molecular techniques were used to analyze a subset of animals consisting of 30 sheep and 4 cattle. Specifically, a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mt-CO1) gene was sequenced and compared to sequences from seven humans from the same region. The results indicated that all isolates were identified as E. granulosus sensu stricto. Haplotype analysis identified 19 E. granulosuss.s. haplotypes arranged like a star, with the dominant haplotype (Hap04) at the center. Hap04 has been assigned a total of 17 positives, including positives from sheep, cattle, and two humans. This study is noteworthy for being the first to use a molecular approach to human and ruminant echinococcosis in Setif, a significant breeding region in Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]