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Introduction. This paper presents the novel design and analysis of a hybrid renewable energy system that combines a wave energy converter (WEC) with a floating photovoltaic (FPV) system for offshore installation, with a specific focus on Oran as a case study. The purpose of integrating these two technologies is to harness both wave and solar energy, thereby maximizing energy output and enhancing the reliability of renewable energy sources in offshore environments. The goal of this study is to develop a hybrid system that leverages the complementary nature of WEC and FPV technologies to maximize energy output and improve reliability. By integrating these technologies, the system aims to overcome the limitations of standalone energy systems. The methodology includes selecting suitable WEC and FPV technologies, optimizing their configurations, and analyzing their combined performance under various environmental conditions. To assess the energy production potential, structural stability, and economic feasibility of the hybrid system, computational simulations and data analysis are employed. This comprehensive approach ensures rigorous testing and optimization for real-world applications. The results demonstrate substantial improvements in energy yield and system resilience compared to standalone WEC or FPV systems. The hybrid system shows enhanced performance, particularly in consistent energy output and structural robustness. These findings indicate that combining WEC and FPV technologies can lead to more reliable and efficient offshore renewable energy solutions. The practical values are significant, providing insights into efficient and sustainable offshore renewable energy solutions. By focusing on Oran, it offers a localized perspective that can be adapted to similar coastal areas globally, contributing to the advancement of renewable energy technologies. The hybrid system’s enhanced reliability and efficiency support the broader goal of sustainable energy development in marine environments, highlighting its potential for widespread application and impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing sustainable electricity access to remote areas is critical for economic development and environmental preservation. This study investigates the performance of single‐source and hybrid renewable energy systems for the town of Zahedan, Iran, which has significant solar and wind energy potential. Using TRNSYS software, eight configurations were simulated and analyzed, comprising two single‐source (photovoltaic [PV] and wind turbine [WT]) and six hybrid systems incorporating combinations of PV panels, WTs, alkaline fuel cells, and diesel generators. The analysis revealed that hybrid systems, particularly those combining PV and WT, outperformed single‐source configurations. For instance, a hybrid system with 800 kW of PV and a 50 kW WT reduced diesel consumption by 35% and CO2 emissions by 45% compared to a system relying solely on a diesel generator. Conversely, the configuration involving WTs, fuel cells, and diesel generators showed high energy dumping (1,821,776 kWh) and considerable diesel usage, underscoring the challenges of maintaining energy balance without solar integration. Overall, hybrid renewable systems generally provide enhanced reliability and environmental benefits, although their performance heavily depends on the specific energy source mix. This study offers insights into optimizing renewable energy systems for remote locations, highlighting the necessity of a balanced solar‐wind combination to achieve optimal sustainability and cost‐effectiveness. The findings are applicable to regions with similar climatic conditions and contribute to global sustainable energy solutions, providing crucial information for policymakers and investors focused on supporting sustainable energy projects in isolated areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a metaheuristic Particle Swarm Optimization based optimization tool has been designed to be used in the optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems, which eliminates the negative aspects of the most frequently used HOMER software in this field. In the comparison made in terms of processing speed, it was seen that the designed system reached the result faster by obtaining the result in 17 seconds, which the HOMER software obtained in 936 seconds in optimizing the same system. In the economic comparison, as a result of the optimization made by two different tools; There is a difference of 1.737% in Energy cost, 0.85% in Total Net Present Cost and 1.895% in Initial Capital, and there is no significant difference between the results. In the comparison of the electrical results, there is a difference of 0.031% for the fed loads and 1.071% for the unmet loads, and the reliability of the results in electrical terms has been demonstrated. The capacity shortage parameter was used for the first time in the optimization of renewable energy sources with the metaheuristic algorithm. Energy Cost is used as the objective function. In short, a unique and reliable optimization tool has been designed as an alternative to the HOMER program that can achieve much faster results and eliminates the sensitivity, cumbersomeness and difficult search space generation processes in the HOMER program. This tool will also facilitate the generation of a large amount of data by obtaining the necessary optimization outputs very quickly to train surrogate models, machine learning or deep learning based optimization systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reservoir computing (RC) possesses a simple architecture and high energy efficiency for time‐series data analysis through machine learning algorithms. To date, RC has evolved into several innovative variants. The next generation reservoir computing (NGRC) variant, founded on nonlinear vector autoregression (NVAR) distinguishes itself due to its fewer hyperparameters and independence from physical random connection matrices, while yielding comparable results. However, NGRC networks struggle with massive Kronecker product calculations and matrix‐vector multiplications within the read out layer, leading to substantial efficiency challenges for traditional von Neumann architectures. In this work, a hybrid digital‐analog hardware system tailored for NGRC is developed. The digital part is a Kronecker product calculation unit with data filtering, which realizes transformation of nonlinear vector of the input linear vector. For matrix‐vector multiplication, a computing‐in‐memory architecture based on resistive random access memory array offers an energy‐efficient hardware solution, which markedly reduces data transfer and greatly improve computational parallelism and energy efficiency. The predictive capabilities of this hybrid NGRC system are validated through the Lorenz63 model, achieving a normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 0.00098 and an energy efficiency of 19.42TOPS W−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy sources are essential for mitigating the greenhouse effect and supplying energy to resource-scarce regions. However, their intermittent nature necessitates efficient storage solutions to enhance system efficiency and manage energy costs. This paper investigates renewable and clean storage systems, specifically examining the storage of electricity generated from renewable sources using hydropower plants and hydrogen, both of which are highly efficient and promising for future energy production and storage. The study utilizes extensive literature data to analyze the impact of various parameters on the cost per kWh of electricity production in hybrid renewable systems incorporating hydropower and hydrogen storage plants. Results indicate that these hybrid systems can store electricity efficiently and cost-effectively, with production costs ranging from 0.126 to 0.3 $/kWh for renewable-hydropower systems and 0.118 to 0.42 $/kWh for renewable-hydrogen systems, with expected cost reductions over the next decade due to technological advancements and increased market adoption. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive comparison of hybrid renewable systems integrating hydropower and hydrogen storage, providing detailed cost analysis and future projections. It identifies key parameters influencing the cost and efficiency of these systems, offering insights into optimizing storage solutions for renewable energy. Moreover, this research underscores the potential of hybrid systems to reduce dependency on fossil fuels, particularly during peak demand periods, and emphasizes the importance of seasonal and geographic considerations in selecting energy sources. The study highlights the importance of policy support and investment in hybrid renewable systems and calls for further research into optimizing these systems for different seasonal and geographic conditions. Overall, the integration of renewable energy sources with hydropower and hydrogen storage offers a promising pathway to a sustainable, economical, and resilient energy future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of colon-targeted oral hybrid systems relies in the proper control over the release of the entrapped nanostructures at the colon. This work describes the design of hybrid systems for their colonic enzyme-triggered release. The hybrid systems were constituted by nanoemulsions, with adequate characteristics for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, included in a pectin hydrogel-like matrix. For that purpose, pectins with similar degrees of methylation (< 50%) and increasing degree of amidation, i.e. 0, 13 and 20%, were selected. Hybrid systems were formulated by a novel aggregation induced gelation method, using Ca2+, Ba2+ or Zn2+ as aggregating agents, as well as by a polyelectrolyte condensation approach, obtaining structures in the micrometric range (< 10 μm). Despite the resistance of pectins to the upper gastrointestinal tract stimuli, the analysis of the behaviour of the different prototypes showed that the non-covalent crosslinks that allow the formation of the hybrid structure may play a relevant role on the performance of the formulation. Our results indicated that the partial disassembling of the hybrid system's microstructure due to the intestinal conditions may facilitate the stimuli-triggered release of the nanoemulsions at the colon. More interestingly, the particle tracking experiments showed that the condensation process that occurs during the formation of the system may affect to the enzymatic degradation of pectin. In this sense, the effect of the high degree of amidation of pectin may be more prevalent as structural feature rather than as a promoter of the enzyme-triggered release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uniform stabilization of a coupled system arising in the active control of noise in a cavity with a flexible boundary (strings under thermal effects) is considered. Unlike most articles on this subject, which employ the scalar wave equation when analyzing the asymptotic behavior of structural acoustic models, in this paper, we consider classical equations in terms of flow velocity and pressure to describe the acoustic vibrations of the fluid which fills the cavity. This allows to consider, for example, more realistic boundary conditions to model the coupling on the interface between the acoustic chamber and the wall. The main result of this paper, concerning the exponential stability of the model, is established by means of the frequency domain method and the semigroup theory. This method can be adapted to other first‐order hyperbolic dissipative systems as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uniform exponential stabilities (UESs) of two hybrid control systems comprised of a wave equation and a second‐order ordinary differential equation are investigated in this study. Linear feedback law and local viscosity are considered, as are nonlinear feedback law and internal anti‐damping. The hybrid system is first reduced to a first‐order port‐Hamiltonian system with dynamical boundary conditions, and the resulting system is discretized using the average central‐difference scheme. Second, the UES of the discrete system is obtained without prior knowledge of the exponential stability of the continuous system. The frequency domain characterization of UES for a family of contractive semigroups and the discrete multiplier approach are used to validate the main conclusions. Finally, the Trotter–Kato theorem is used to perform a convergence study on the numerical approximation approach. Most notably, the exponential stability of the continuous system is derived by the convergence of energy and UES, which is a novel approach to studying the exponential stability of some complex systems. Numerical simulation is used to validate the effectiveness of the numerical approximating strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The AIMD algorithm, which underpins the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for transporting data packets in communication networks, is perhaps the most successful control algorithm ever deployed. Recently, its use has been extended beyond communication networks, and successful applications of the AIMD algorithm have been reported in transportation, energy, and mathematical biology. A very recent development in the use of AIMD is its application in solving large-scale optimisation and distributed control problems without the need for inter-agent communication. In this context, an interesting problem arises when multiple AIMD networks are coupled in some sense (usually through a nonlinearity). The purpose of this note is to prove that such systems in certain settings inherit the ergodic properties of individual AIMD networks. This result has important consequences for the convergence of the aforementioned optimisation algorithms. The arguments in the paper also correct conceptual and technical errors in Alam et al. (2020, The convergence of finite-averaging of AIMD for distributed heterogeneous resource allocations. arXiv:2001.08083 [math.OC].). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving fuel economy of gasoline-powered vehicles is of great importance for achieving carbon neutrality of the society. The present paper deals with a concept study of a series hybrid powertrain to reduce CO2 emissions as much as possible, considering both engine and vehicle key performances. The study utilized model-based research using 0D/1D/3D-CAE and DOE optimization techniques. The ICE simulation shows >47% break thermal efficiency under restrictions from combustion noise level and tail pipe emissions. In terms of series hybrid powertrain vehicle fuel economy, ICE power in generation for best fuel economy shall be optimized according to the given battery capacity. Also, short-term future driving power demands information may help reasonable ICE activation through the transient driving cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of different wood-modification technologies to obtain improved performance is increasingly receiving attention in research. In this study, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood was impregnated with furfuryl alcohol (FFA) in pure aqueous 20, 40, and 60% solution strength without adding any catalyst. In a second step, the FFA was polymerized while simultaneously performing thermal modification in a closed system at 130, 150, or 180 °C. After leaching and ageing tests, the nine different combinations were tested in use class 4 applications (in contact with or very close to the ground and frequently wet) according to CEN/TS 15083-2 (2005) decay laboratory test. It was noted that even the minimum-intensity combination of 20% FFA at 130 °C resulted in maximum durability class (DC) 1 performance. On the contrary, DC 4 was assigned to thermally modified control samples, even at the maximum intensity of thermal modification. Similarly, for FFA modifications, previous research has suggested that an uptake of 35% solution strength is required to obtain an adequate durability performance in use class 4 applications. High levels of resistance against termites were also noted by corresponding termite lab tests. Moisture studies showed the combined treatments resulted in improved stability and reduced moisture uptakes. Thus, the results obtained by this study revealed synergistic performance effects, which originate from the combined thermo-chemical modification approach, and which were higher than simple accumulation of the individual performance of purely thermally or chemically modified wood. Thus, the presented findings have provided positive implications for industrial applications of thermo-chemical modification techniques and offers an array of new research opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel hybrid structural control solution designed for distillation systems that utilize a solar source alongside an electrical grid. The power conversion architecture incorporates a reversible bridge rectifier and a quadratic boost converter. The hybrid photovoltaic grid configuration offers several benefits, including source complementarity, enhanced dependability, and energy availability aligned with power requirements. Leveraging a photovoltaic source operating at maximum power facilitates energy conservation. On the control front, an adaptive technique based on a reference model is proposed. Fuzzy logic governs the quadratic boost converter, simplifying the management of its complex nonlinear nature. The control strategy aims to maximize solar power utilization, minimize harmonic components in the grid current, synthesize an adaptive controller, and achieve a near-unit power factor on the grid. The simulation results for a steady distillation system demonstrate promising findings. Despite variations in irradiation, load power, and grid drops, the system maintains a minimal bus voltage ripple, remaining close to the intended value. Optimization of the panel-generated power leads to improved PV source utilization and enhanced system efficiency. Furthermore, the combination with an electrical grid achieves a low rate of grid current distortion and a unitary power factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While organic semiconductors hold significant promise for the development of flexible, lightweight electronic devices such as organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), photodetectors, and gas sensors, their widespread application is often limited by intrinsic challenges. In this article, we first review these challenges in organic electronics, including low charge carrier mobility, susceptibility to environmental degradation, difficulties in achieving uniform film morphology and crystallinity, as well as issues related to poor interface quality, scalability, and reproducibility that further hinder their commercial viability. Next, we focus on reviewing the hybrid system comprising an organic semiconductor and polystyrene (PS) to address these challenges. By examining the interactions of PS as a polymer additive with several benchmark semiconductors such as pentacene, rubrene, 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS pentacene), 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl) anthradithiophene (diF-TES-ADT), and 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT), we showcase the versatility of PS in enhancing the crystallization, thin film morphology, phase segregation, and electrical performance of organic semiconductor devices. This review aims to highlight the potential of an organic semiconductor/PS hybrid system to overcome key challenges in organic electronics, thereby paving the way for the broader adoption of organic semiconductors in next-generation electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract One of the most intriguing properties of magnonic systems is their reconfigurability, where an external magnetic field alters the static magnetic configuration to influence magnetization dynamics. In this paper, we present an alternative approach to tunable magnonic systems. We studied theoretically and numerically a magnonic crystal induced within a uniform magnetic layer by a periodic magnetic field pattern created by the sequence of superconducting strips. We showed that the spin-wave spectrum can be tuned by the inhomogeneous stray field of the superconductor in response to a small uniform external magnetic field. Additionally, we demonstrated that modifying the width of superconducting strips and separation between them leads to the changes in the internal field which are unprecedented in conventional magnonic structures. The paper presents the results of semi-analytical calculations for realistic structures, which are verified by finite-element method computations.

Introduction. This paper presents the novel design and analysis of a hybrid renewable energy system that combines a wave energy converter (WEC) with a floating photovoltaic (FPV) system for offshore installation, with a specific focus on Oran as a case study. The purpose of integrating these two technologies is to harness both wave and solar energy, thereby maximizing energy output and enhancing the reliability of renewable energy sources in offshore environments. The goal of this study is to develop a hybrid system that leverages the complementary nature of WEC and FPV technologies to maximize energy output and improve reliability. By integrating these technologies, the system aims to overcome the limitations of standalone energy systems. The methodology includes selecting suitable WEC and FPV technologies, optimizing their configurations, and analyzing their combined performance under various environmental conditions. To assess the energy production potential, structural stability, and economic feasibility of the hybrid system, computational simulations and data analysis are employed. This comprehensive approach ensures rigorous testing and optimization for real-world applications. The results demonstrate substantial improvements in energy yield and system resilience compared to standalone WEC or FPV systems. The hybrid system shows enhanced performance, particularly in consistent energy output and structural robustness. These findings indicate that combining WEC and FPV technologies can lead to more reliable and efficient offshore renewable energy solutions. The practical values are significant, providing insights into efficient and sustainable offshore renewable energy solutions. By focusing on Oran, it offers a localized perspective that can be adapted to similar coastal areas globally, contributing to the advancement of renewable energy technologies. The hybrid system’s enhanced reliability and efficiency support the broader goal of sustainable energy development in marine environments, highlighting its potential for widespread application and impact. References 23, tables 4, figures 17.

The combination of different wood-modification technologies to obtain improved performance is increasingly receiving attention in research. In this study, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood was impregnated with furfuryl alcohol (FFA) in pure aqueous 20, 40, and 60% solution strength without adding any catalyst. In a second step, the FFA was polymerized while simultaneously performing thermal modification in a closed system at 130, 150, or 180 °C. After leaching and ageing tests, the nine different combinations were tested in use class 4 applications (in contact with or very close to the ground and frequently wet) according to CEN/TS 15083-2 (2005) decay laboratory test. It was noted that even the minimum-intensity combination of 20% FFA at 130 °C resulted in maximum durability class (DC) 1 performance. On the contrary, DC 4 was assigned to thermally modified control samples, even at the maximum intensity of thermal modification. Similarly, for FFA modifications, previous research has suggested that an uptake of 35% solution strength is required to obtain an adequate durability performance in use class 4 applications. High levels of resistance against termites were also noted by corresponding termite lab tests. Moisture studies showed the combined treatments resulted in improved stability and reduced moisture uptakes. Thus, the results obtained by this study revealed synergistic performance effects, which originate from the combined thermo-chemical modification approach, and which were higher than simple accumulation of the individual performance of purely thermally or chemically modified wood. Thus, the presented findings have provided positive implications for industrial applications of thermo-chemical modification techniques and offers an array of new research opportunities.

Fuel cell UAVs have become a research hotspot in green aviation because of their high efficiency, pollution-free emissions and high energy density. Parameter matching of fuel cell hybrid system has an important impact on the economy, environmental protection and efficiency of UAVs. In this study, a vertical take-off and landing （VTOL）fixed-wing UAV is used as a hybrid system of fuel cell + lithium-ion battery. According to the technical indicators, the components of the UAV power system are selected. Firstly, the topology of fuel cell hybrid system is designed, and the parameters of fuel cell, lithium battery, brushless DC motor, propeller and unidirectional DC/DC converter in the hybrid system are matched. Then, the load power is created according to the task profile, and finally the MATLAB/Simulink simulation analysis of the hybrid system is carried out using the finite state machine energy management control strategy. The results show that the designed fuel cell hybrid system can meet the flight load requirements, meet the changes of working conditions during flight, and achieve zero-emission flight.

Abstract Background This case report documents the first worldwide use of the Hybrid System from Spectrum Medical in a heart transplant procedure, focusing on its safety and efficacy. Traditional cardiopulmonary bypass systems often use an open reservoir, which increases the blood’s exposure to air, thereby heightening the risk of an inflammatory response and gas embolism. In contrast, the Hybrid System is designed to improve surgical outcomes by significantly reducing the blood-air interface. This system utilizes a dual-chamber cardiotomy-venous reservoir with a collapsible soft bag, effectively minimizing blood contact with air and foreign materials. However, it is important to note that there is currently no evidence supporting the use of this methodology specifically in heart transplants. Case presentation A 41-year-old male managed with a left ventricular assist device because of dilated cardiomyopathy underwent a heart transplant using the Hybrid System. The perioperative and postoperative data provided evidence of the system’s effectiveness. The selection of this patient was due to the absence of significant comorbidities unrelated to his primary cardiac condition, making him an ideal candidate to evaluate the system’s performance. Conclusion The Hybrid System is safe and efficient. The successful implementation in this case highlights its advantages over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass systems, suggesting a promising future in cardiac surgery. Further studies with routine cardiac surgery patients are required to validate these findings.

Abstract This study investigates the viability of hybrid photovoltaic (PV), wind, and fuel cell (FC) systems for on‐grid and off‐grid operations for the Ashrayan‐3 housing project in Bangladesh, with an increased focus on sustainable energy solutions. Motivated by the issue of the delivery of proper and sustainable energy services to remote locations, we conducted an extensive analysis of load demand and found that an average daily demand of 46,176.65 kWh exists, with a peak load of 4852.8 kW. In this research, the HOMER software has been used to make a simulation of five different hybrid system configurations with differing mixes of renewable technologies. From the analyses, the systems based 100% on renewable resources suffer more initial capital costs, with a total net present cost increase of up to 20%, in comparison to conventional systems. On the other hand, the systems give much lower operational costs and cost of energies (COEs) of a minimum of $0.0253/kWh, reported from the on‐grid PV‐based system. On the other hand, the off‐grid PV–FC–wind turbine system showed a COE of $0.286/kWh, along with a decrease in CO2 emissions by about 15,000 kg/year, showing a 30% decrease, compared with on‐grid systems. The results form a basis for the conclusion that such hybrid renewable energy systems are both economically and environmentally feasible. They can reduce COEs by up to 70% in off‐grid systems. This proves that the quality of life and energy security in developing regions will be highly increased, supporting the goals of sustainable development.

Abstract Background Understanding the interactions and dynamics of microbiotas within biological wastewater treatment systems is essential for ensuring their stability and long-term sustainability. In this study, we developed a systematic framework employing multi-omics and Hi-C sequencing to extensively investigate prokaryotic and phage communities within a hybrid biofilm and activated sludge system. Results We uncovered distinct distribution patterns, metabolic capabilities, and activities of functional prokaryotes through the analysis of 454 reconstructed prokaryotic genomes. Additionally, we reconstructed a phage catalog comprising 18,645 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) with high length and contiguity using hybrid assembly, and a distinct distribution of phages was depicted between activated sludge (AS) and biofilm. Importantly, 1340 host-phage pairs were established using Hi-C and conventional in silico methods, unveiling the host-determined phage prevalence. The majority of predicted hosts were found to be involved in various crucial metabolic processes, highlighting the potential vital roles of phages in influencing substance metabolism within this system. Moreover, auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) related to various categories (e.g., carbohydrate degradation, sulfur metabolism, transporter) were predicted. Subsequent activity analysis emphasized their potential ability to mediate host metabolism during infection. We also profiled the temporal dynamics of phages and their associated hosts using 13-month time-series metagenomic data, further demonstrating their tight interactions. Notably, we observed lineage-specific infection patterns, such as potentially host abundance- or phage/host ratio-driven phage population changes. Conclusions The insights gained from this research contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding interactions and dynamics of host-phage and pave the way for further exploration and potential applications in the field of microbial ecology. Video Abstract

In this paper, a feasibility study is conducted on a photovoltaic-low-speed wind turbine-battery zero-energy building for a 175 m2 residential house in Gorgan. First, the climatological data of Gorgan City related to the amount of solar radiation and wind speed for the past 50 years have been extracted and then they are analyzed annually, monthly, and hourly using Climate Consultant software to check how Renewable resources can be used to produce clean energy. To determine the number of devices required, the annual energy requirement of the residential unit should be estimated. For this purpose, the power and energy consumption of the residential unit has been estimated based on its consumption data in the last year and analyzed using RETScreen1 software. The designed zero energy system has energy exchange with the grid and sends excess energy to it. The results of climate data analysis show that there is a possibility of wind and solar energy efficiency in this region. Although the price of energy in the region is low, due to economic efficiency, the lack of non-renewable energy resources, and the need to replace these resources, the use of wind turbines and solar panels to supply the required electrical energy is necessary.

This article presents an assessment of the technical and economic feasibility of a 20 MW grid-connected wind-solar-photovoltaic hybrid system in the city of Dakhla, located in southern Morocco. During this study, GIS and virtual reality were integrated to model and simulate the productivity of the hybrid system under local climatic conditions. Additionally, 3D modeling of the system provides an immersive view to visually assess the system's impact on the local landscape and anticipate potential logistical challenges. By taking advantage of this technology, our study goes beyond traditional models, proposing an innovative approach to better understand the spatial and visual dimensions of the project. The results of our study, based on these state-of-the-art methodologies, reveal promising conclusions regarding its annual energy production, which is approximately 60 GW, the levelized cost of energy of the system, which is approximately LCOE = $0.045/kWh, the net present value (NPV) of $27,439,559.00, the internal rate of return (IRR) of 17.5%, and a discounted payback period (DPP) of 8 years. Additionally, from an environmental perspective, the hybrid system has the capacity to avoid approximately 936,494 tons of greenhouse gas emissions, equivalent to savings of approximately $18,729,875.00 in terms of carbon dioxide reduction over its lifetime.

Knowledge-based recommender systems have always had their privileged place among all Decision Support Systems (DSS), given their advantage on several points over other techniques. Our paper presents a framework implementing a hybrid form of Rule-Based Reasoning and Case-Based Reasoning (RBR-CBR), to address the rarely discussed domain of educational planning. The system has been tested and presented outstanding results with a high accuracy, which will benefit educational planners’ decision support. We have also developed a dedicated application for this project to visualize the results obtained.

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) harness temperature differences to produce electricity and hold promise for diverse industrial applications. However, their limited conversion efficiency casts doubt on their role in achieving energy independence. This study introduces an advanced technique that exploits temperature gradients in water pipes, utilizing supplementary TEGs to augment power generation. This method maintains a stable temperature gradient for TEG operation. Additionally, TEG power output can be efficiently modulated via flow control. In the feasibility evaluation for residential settings, the temperature fluctuations across each system unit were analyzed. In the active system, the chosen sites for TEG integration were units equipped to manage heat transfer using working fluids. The inlet and outlet temperatures were calculated for photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) systems, ground heat exchangers (GHEs), and heat storage tanks (HSTs). The electricity produced by the TEGs was benchmarked against their conversion efficiency, zT. The results indicated that the TEGs yielded 10.95 kWh of electricity when systematically implemented in each unit. To realize a zero-energy building, an area of 64.5 m2 per unit is necessitated for TEG deployment, given a zT value of 1.

Background: This case report documents the first worldwide use of the Hybrid System from Spectrum Medical in a heart transplant procedure, focusing on its safety and efficacy. Traditional cardiopulmonary bypass systems often use an open reservoir, which increases the blood's exposure to air, thereby heightening the risk of an inflammatory response and gas embolism. In contrast, the Hybrid System is designed to improve surgical outcomes by significantly reducing the blood-air interface. This system utilizes a dual-chamber cardiotomy-venous reservoir with a collapsible soft bag, effectively minimizing blood contact with air and foreign materials. However, it is important to note that there is currently no evidence supporting the use of this methodology specifically in heart transplants. Case presentation: A 41-year-old male managed with a left ventricular assist device because of dilated cardiomyopathy underwent a heart transplant using the Hybrid System. The perioperative and postoperative data provided evidence of the system's effectiveness. The selection of this patient was due to the absence of significant comorbidities unrelated to his primary cardiac condition, making him an ideal candidate to evaluate the system's performance. Conclusion: The Hybrid System is safe and efficient. The successful implementation in this case highlights its advantages over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass systems, suggesting a promising future in cardiac surgery. Further studies with routine cardiac surgery patients are required to validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic/inorganic hybrid systems offer great potential for novel solar cell design combining the tunability of organic chromophore absorption properties with high charge carrier mobilities of inorganic semiconductors. However, often such material combinations do not show the expected performance: while ZnO, for example, basically exhibits all necessary properties for a successful application in light‐harvesting, it was clearly outpaced by TiO2 in terms of charge separation efficiency. The origin of this deficiency has long been debated. This study employs femtosecond time‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and many‐body ab initio calculations to identify and quantify all elementary steps leading to the suppression of charge separation at an exemplary organic/ZnO interface. It is demonstrated that charge separation indeed occurs efficiently on ultrafast (350 fs) timescales, but that electrons are recaptured at the interface on a 100 ps timescale and subsequently trapped in a strongly bound (0.7 eV) hybrid exciton state with a lifetime exceeding 5 µs. Thus, initially successful charge separation is followed by delayed electron capture at the interface, leading to apparently low charge separation efficiencies. This finding provides a sufficiently large time frame for counter‐measures in device design to successfully implement specifically ZnO and, moreover, invites material scientists to revisit charge separation in various kinds of previously discarded hybrid systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dual-pontoon WEC-breakwater system is proposed to optimise space utilisation and reduce construction costs by integrating wave energy converters (WECs) with breakwaters. Previous parametric studies on the dimensions and layout of WECs have primarily used potential flow theories, often neglecting the viscous effects in wave–pontoon interactions. In this research, I employ a fully nonlinear viscous model, OpenFOAM®, to address these limitations. I examine multiple parameters, including the gap width between the pontoons, the draft, and the structure breadth, to assess their impact on the functional performance of this hybrid system. Furthermore, I discuss the accurate hydrodynamic performance of waves interacting with multiple floating structures and explore how various parameters influence the dual-pontoon WEC-breakwater integrated system's functionality. I discuss a novel analysis of the effective frequency bandwidth, considering both wave energy conversion efficiency and wave attenuation efficiency, to reflect the overall performance of the integrated system. This paper investigates wave–structure interactions and suggests optimisation strategies for the WEC-breakwater integrated system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel approach to optical communication systems by introducing a hybrid MGDM–FSO (Mode Group Diversity Multiplexing—Free Space Optical) system. The primary objective of this innovative system is to address the limitations of traditional communication systems, particularly in challenging environmental conditions. By combining the advantages of MGDM, which enhances transmission capacity in optical fibers, with the flexibility and high data rates offered by FSO technology, the hybrid MGDM–FSO system aims to overcome obstacles encountered during data transmission. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of the proposed system's architecture and performance characteristics under various operating conditions. Specifically, we investigate both single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configurations of the MGDM–FSO system. Performance metrics such as received power levels, bit error rate (BER), and quality factor (Q-factor) are evaluated to assess the system's efficiency across different weather conditions. Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the system's performance under a range of scenarios. Our findings indicate that under clear weather conditions, both SISO and MIMO configurations exhibit optimal performance, characterized by high Q-factor and low BER. However, as weather conditions deteriorate to heavy rain and heavy fog, the Q-factor of the received signal decreases, highlighting the impact of environmental factors on system performance. This study contributes valuable insights into the behavior of hybrid MGDM–FSO systems and emphasizes the importance of robust communication techniques to mitigate environmental challenges. The findings presented here have implications for the design and implementation of optical communication systems in real-world scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the viability of hybrid photovoltaic (PV), wind, and fuel cell (FC) systems for on‐grid and off‐grid operations for the Ashrayan‐3 housing project in Bangladesh, with an increased focus on sustainable energy solutions. Motivated by the issue of the delivery of proper and sustainable energy services to remote locations, we conducted an extensive analysis of load demand and found that an average daily demand of 46,176.65 kWh exists, with a peak load of 4852.8 kW. In this research, the HOMER software has been used to make a simulation of five different hybrid system configurations with differing mixes of renewable technologies. From the analyses, the systems based 100% on renewable resources suffer more initial capital costs, with a total net present cost increase of up to 20%, in comparison to conventional systems. On the other hand, the systems give much lower operational costs and cost of energies (COEs) of a minimum of $0.0253/kWh, reported from the on‐grid PV‐based system. On the other hand, the off‐grid PV–FC–wind turbine system showed a COE of $0.286/kWh, along with a decrease in CO2 emissions by about 15,000 kg/year, showing a 30% decrease, compared with on‐grid systems. The results form a basis for the conclusion that such hybrid renewable energy systems are both economically and environmentally feasible. They can reduce COEs by up to 70% in off‐grid systems. This proves that the quality of life and energy security in developing regions will be highly increased, supporting the goals of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of renewable energy presents a viable alternative to fossil fuels. However, their intermittent nature does not allow for an immediate response to energy demand. Thus, it is necessary and beneficial to harness various renewable sources and integrate a storage system as an auxiliary source to mitigate this intermittency. The hybridization of energy sources requires efficient management of power flows to ensure the proper functioning of the overall system, regardless of changing weather conditions. In this paper, we propose an intelligent power management control for hybrid wind-solar-battery systems connected to micro-grids based on fuzzy logic. The proposed control approach addresses several specific challenges compared to conventional methods in the intelligent energy management of renewable hybrid systems. It effectively manages the uncertainties and nonlinearities inherent in weather variations, optimizes performance by dynamically adjusting the operations of energy sources and storage systems, and ensures efficient realtime utilization of available energy resources, thus providing greater flexibility and adaptability. Additionally, it enhances the stability and reliability of micro-grids by integrating more flexible and adaptive decision-making mechanisms. The simulation results using MatLab/Simulink demonstrate the significant advantage of this intelligent management lies in its ability to precisely control the state of charge of the battery across five distinct levels, which is not achievable using traditional management practices that rely solely on the maximum and minimum levels of the state of charge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an assessment of the technical and economic feasibility of a 20 MW grid-connected windsolar-photovoltaic hybrid system in the city of Dakhla, located in southern Morocco. During this study, GIS and virtual reality were integrated to model and simulate the productivity of the hybrid system under local climatic conditions. Additionally, 3D modeling of the system provides an immersive view to visually assess the system's impact on the local landscape and anticipate potential logistical challenges. By taking advantage of this technology, our study goes beyond traditional models, proposing an innovative approach to better understand the spatial and visual dimensions of the project. The results of our study, based on these state-of-the-art methodologies, reveal promising conclusions regarding its annual energy production, which is approximately 60 GW, the levelized cost of energy of the system, which is approximately LCOE = $0.045/kWh, the net present value (NPV) of $27,439,559.00, the internal rate of return (IRR) of 17.5%, and a discounted payback period (DPP) of 8 years. Additionally, from an environmental perspective, the hybrid system has the capacity to avoid approximately 936,494 tons of greenhouse gas emissions, equivalent to savings of approximately $18,729,875.00 in terms of carbon dioxide reduction over its lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is recognized as a prominent cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally, emphasizing the critical need for early diagnosis resulting improvement in survival rates. Current breast cancer diagnostic procedures depend on manual assessments of pathological images by medical professionals. However, in remote or underserved regions, the scarcity of expert healthcare resources often compromised the diagnostic accuracy. Machine learning holds great promise for early detection, yet existing breast cancer screening algorithms are frequently characterized by significant computational demands, rendering them unsuitable for deployment on low-processing-power mobile devices. In this paper, a real-time automated system "Auto-BCS" is introduced that significantly enhances the efficiency of early breast cancer screening. The system is structured into three distinct phases. In the initial phase, images undergo a pre-processing stage aimed at noise reduction. Subsequently, feature extraction is carried out using a lightweight and optimized deep learning model followed by extreme gradient boosting classifier, strategically employed to optimize the overall performance and prevent overfitting in the deep learning model. The system's performance is gauged through essential metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and inference time. Comparative evaluations against state-of-the-art algorithms affirm that Auto-BCS outperforms existing models, excelling in both efficiency and processing speed. Computational efficiency is prioritized by Auto-BCS, making it particularly adaptable to low-processing-power mobile devices. Comparative assessments confirm the superior performance of Auto-BCS, signifying its potential to advance breast cancer screening technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the principles of developing an electromechanical emulator based on an original hybridization concept of a wind and tidal power system. Wind and tidal horizontal axis turbines showcase functional similarities and electromechanical coupling possibility. Tidal concepts are very close to those of wind power. Tidal turbine technology should thus reach maturity more quickly because it is possible for it to rely on a certain number of reliable and proven techniques developed for wind power. The proposed hybrid wind – tidal turbine system is electromechanically coupled on the axis of rotation of a single and common electric generator. An experimental simulation of the hybrid wind-tidal turbine system was carried out, using a developed architecture of an emulator system. The results are both numerical simulations carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and tests obtained employing real-time emulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding the interactions and dynamics of microbiotas within biological wastewater treatment systems is essential for ensuring their stability and long-term sustainability. In this study, we developed a systematic framework employing multi-omics and Hi-C sequencing to extensively investigate prokaryotic and phage communities within a hybrid biofilm and activated sludge system. Results: We uncovered distinct distribution patterns, metabolic capabilities, and activities of functional prokaryotes through the analysis of 454 reconstructed prokaryotic genomes. Additionally, we reconstructed a phage catalog comprising 18,645 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) with high length and contiguity using hybrid assembly, and a distinct distribution of phages was depicted between activated sludge (AS) and biofilm. Importantly, 1340 host-phage pairs were established using Hi-C and conventional in silico methods, unveiling the host-determined phage prevalence. The majority of predicted hosts were found to be involved in various crucial metabolic processes, highlighting the potential vital roles of phages in influencing substance metabolism within this system. Moreover, auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) related to various categories (e.g., carbohydrate degradation, sulfur metabolism, transporter) were predicted. Subsequent activity analysis emphasized their potential ability to mediate host metabolism during infection. We also profiled the temporal dynamics of phages and their associated hosts using 13-month time-series metagenomic data, further demonstrating their tight interactions. Notably, we observed lineage-specific infection patterns, such as potentially host abundance- or phage/host ratio-driven phage population changes. Conclusions: The insights gained from this research contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding interactions and dynamics of host-phage and pave the way for further exploration and potential applications in the field of microbial ecology. 7mTZubWt51_LqpKWPutADa Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, meeting the ever-increasing energy demand with fossil fuels increases greenhouse gas emissions. This rise is dragging our world towards a global climate crisis. Therefore, it becomes imperative for countries to switch to renewable and green energy before global warming reaches the point of no return. Solar and hydrogen energy, which are the leading renewable sources, are increasing in popularity with the studies and investments made in recent years. This study examined a hybrid system combining solar and hydrogen energy by creating mathematical models of a 200 W photovoltaic (PV) panel and a 100 W Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell in MATLAB/Simulink. Combining the submodels obtained step by step using the definition equations of the PV panel and PEM fuel cell, the polarization and power graph of the fuel cell was obtained. The models are explained in detail and reproducibly, and all model parameters are shared. DC-DC boost converter models were developed for both sources, and the panel and fuel cell were connected in parallel to feed a typical resistive load. 3.795 A ve 6.205 A were obtained from the PEM fuel cell and PV panel, respectively, providing 300 W power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates a hybrid heating system in a single-family building in northeastern Poland, which has a temperate continental climate. The analysis covers two heating seasons in 2021/2022 and 2022/2023. The hybrid heating system includes an air heat pump HPA–08 CS Plus with a heating power of 8.2 kW (AHP), a condensing gas boiler VC146/5–5 with a power of 14 kW (GB–Condens.), and a solid fuel boiler with a power of 11 kW for central heating. Additionally, hot water is heated by a Basic 270 (DHW's AHP) air–water heat pump with a power of 2 kW, utilizing a tank with a capacity of 270 dm3 equipped with two heating coils. The building's average electricity consumption is around 5400 kWh/year. A 4.96 kWp photovoltaic installation is installed on the building's roof at a 40° angle towards the south to supplement the hybrid system. The study aims to assess whether the PV installation can adequately cover the energy needs of the hybrid heat source for heating and hot water. Furthermore, the study calculates the emission of pollutants (CO2, SOx, NOx, CO, and PM10) into the atmosphere. The total annual electricity production from PV installations was 5444.9 kWh in 2021/2022 and 5684.8 kWh in 2022/2023. The excess electricity was stored in the PGE power grid as per the Prosumer settlement rules. The installed PV installation is sufficient to power the following devices annually: AHP, DHW's AHP, and GB–Condens. However, the daily electricity production from the PV installation is not enough to cover the energy needs of the heat pump for heating during the cold months in Poland (I–III, XI–XII). It can meet the power needs of a PC all year round and can also be stored during the summer months, for example, in energy warehouses or by directly storing it in the PGE power grid. The use of the PV installation resulted in an average reduction in pollutant emissions into the atmosphere: CO2—94.1%, SOx—91.8%, NOx—95.6%, CO—9.7%, and PM10—32.1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy (RE) got exponential attention universally recently through successful ecological, economic, and social outcomes from giga-scale photovoltaic (PV) and wind projects. Hybrid RE systems (HRESs) express a distinguished example of RE frameworks. Nonetheless, designing an HRES is relatively challenging because of multiple factors engaged. Thus, optimization and sensitivity analyses are crucial to offer the lowest levelized cost of energy (LCOE). HOMER® software has been broadly employed lately, providing several advantages, including active provision of ecologically friendly and profitable HRESs. While the literature covers broad explorations of HRES worldwide, investigations on HRESs in Jordan are relatively rare. This work utilizes HOMER® to design a profitable HRES in Karak. Conducted HOMER® simulations revealed that the most cost-effective HRES comprised PV modules, diesel generator, Li-Ion battery, and power converter, supplying an LCOE of 488 USD/MWh with carbon emissions of 610.73 kton/annum. Simultaneously, an HRES containing PV modules, wind turbine, diesel generator, Li-Ion battery, and power converter had a higher LCOE (0.489 USD/kWh). An HRES of wind turbines, diesel generators, Li-Ion batteries, and power converters contributed to a higher LCOE (0.586 USD/kWh). A system's LCOE with only a diesel generator was 0.727 USD/kWh. It is recommended to upgrade RE adoption to provide clean and profitable electricity. Furthermore, it is suggested to utilize energy storage to maximize HRES's cost-effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the design feasibility and economic advantage of photovoltaic (PV)-diesel generator (DG)-battery, PV-wind-battery, and PV-biogas (BG)-battery hybrid systems. The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of the three hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) for sustainable electricity supply in remote areas of Afghanistan. Hybrid optimization model for multiple energy resources (HOMER) software was utilized to perform modeling, optimization, economic, sensitivity, and multi-year analysis of the hybrid systems. The findings indicates that the PV-biomass-battery hybrid system with $175,938 net present cost (NPC) and $0.29/kWh cost of energy (COE) is the most appropriate approach than the PV-DG-battery, PV-wind-battery and diesel-only system. However, the COE in optimal HRES is higher than the COE supplied by Afghanistan's national grid to the household resident in large cities, but COE in the hybrid system is about 37% lower than the cost of energy in the study area and some provinces of Afghanistan. The multi-year analysis was performed on the PV-biogas-battery hybrid system with considering a 0.8% yearly degradation of PV panels and a 2% load increase annually. The results show about an 11.2% increase in NPC and a 6.2% decrease in COE compare to the system without multi-year consideration. Moreover, the outputs from HOMER were evaluated using the Simplex algorithm. The results indicate that there were no significant variations in the results from HOMER and Simplex algorithms. Therefore, this illustrates that the simulations were consistent. The study's findings are anticipated to be helpful to stakeholders, decision-makers, and investors to achieve the goals and increase the electricity access rate in remote areas of Afghanistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing degrees AIs and machines, the need for implementing ethics in AIs is pressing. In this paper, we first survey current approaches to moral AIs and their inherent limitations. Then we propose the pluralist hybrid approach and show how these limitations of moral AIs can be partly alleviated by the pluralist hybrid approach. The core ethical decision-making capacity of an AI based on the pluralist hybrid approach consists of two systems. The first is a deterministic algorithm system that embraces different moral rules for making explicit moral decisions. The second is a machine learning system that accounts for calculating the value of the variables required by the application of moral principles. The pluralist hybrid system is better than the existing proposals as it better addresses the moral disagreement problem of the top-down approach by including distinct moral principles. Besides, the pluralist hybrid system reduces the opacity of ethical decision-making by implementing explicit moral principles for moral decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the optimal sizing of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRESs), encompassing wind, solar, and battery systems, with the aim of delivering reliable performance at a reasonable cost. The focus is on mitigating unscheduled outages on the national grid in Iraq. The proposed On–off-grid HRES method is implemented using MATLAB and relies on an iterative technique to achieve multi-objectives, balancing reliability and economic constraints. The optimal HRES configuration is determined by evaluating various scenarios related to energy flow management, electricity prices, and land cover effects. Consumer requirements regarding cost and reliability are factored into a 2D optimization process. A battery model is developed to capture the dynamic exchange of energy among different renewable sources, battery storage, and energy demands. A detailed case study across fifteen locations in Iraq, including water, desert, and urban areas, revealed that local wind speed significantly affects the feasibility and efficiency of the HRES. Locations with higher wind speeds, such as the Haditha lake region (payback period: 7.8 years), benefit more than urban areas (Haditha city: payback period: 12.4 years). This study also found that not utilizing the battery, particularly during periods of high electricity prices (e.g., 2015), significantly impacts the HRES performance. In the Haditha water area, for instance, this technique reduced the payback period from 20.1 to 7.8 years by reducing the frequency of charging and discharging cycles and subsequently mitigating the need for battery replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst a growing global focus on sustainable energy, this study investigates the underutilization of renewable resources in the southern region of Saudi Arabia, with a specific emphasis on the Najran Secondary Industrial Institute (NSII). This research presents an in-depth analysis of installing a hybrid microgrid (MG) system on the roofs of NSII buildings, exploring six cases with varying tilt and azimuth angles. The study innovatively integrates architectural design and system administration, a novel approach for this location, and benchmarks the optimal angles against Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software defaults. The proposed system consists of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, a battery storage system (BSS), a converter, a diesel generator (DG), and a grid. The selected model balances technological and economic viability with environmental considerations, ensuring a reliable power supply within the NSII's roof area constraints. An extensive sensitivity analysis evaluates the system's resilience across different scenarios. The current system, which is grid-only, has an estimated Net Present Cost (NPC) of about USD 7.02M and emits 1.81M kg/yr of CO2. The findings point to installing a microgrid with a 20.97° tilt and 50° azimuth angle as optimal, demonstrating 54.69% lower NPC and 92% lower CO2 emissions, along with zero kWh/year unmet electrical load when applying the resilience assessments. This outcome highlights Saudi Arabia's southern region's renewable energy potential, aligning with national mega-projects and energy initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing renewable energy sources to produce hydrogen is essential for promoting cleaner production and improving power utilization, especially considering the growing use of fossil fuels and their impact on the environment. Selecting the most efficient method for distributing power and capacity is a critical issue when developing hybrid systems from scratch. The main objective of this study is to determine how a backup system affects the performance of a microgrid system. The study focuses on power and hydrogen production using renewable energy resources, particularly solar and wind. Based on photovoltaics (PVs), wind turbines (WTs), and their combinations, including battery storage systems (BSSs) and hydrogen technologies, two renewable energy systems were examined. The proposed location for this study is the northwestern coast of Saudi Arabia (KSA). To simulate the optimal size of system components and determine their cost-effective configuration, the study utilized the Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software (Version 3.16.2). The results showed that, when considering the minimum cost of energy (COE), the integration of WTs, PVs, a battery bank, an electrolyzer, and a hydrogen tank brought the cost of energy to almost 0.60 USD/kWh in the system A. However, without a battery bank, the COE increased to 0.72 USD/kWh in the same location because of the capital cost of system components. In addition, the results showed that the operational life of the fuel cell decreased significantly in system B due to the high hours of operation, which will add additional costs. These results imply that long-term energy storage in off-grid energy systems can be economically benefited by using hydrogen with a backup system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We consider a coupled hybrid system whose main application is the problem of the active control of noise. The model describes the interaction of acoustic vibrations in the interior of a given two-dimensional cavity with the mechanical vibrations of two damped strings located in a part of the boundary of the cavity, in which suitable feedbacks are acting. Our main result is that the total energy associated to this model decays exponentially as time goes to infinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In high renewable penetrated power systems, both grid-forming (GFL) and grid-following (GFM) inverters play an important role in maintaining the system stability and economic operation. However, the two kinds of inverters exhibit distinct dynamic characteristics; thus, interconnecting them in a close electrical distance may cause the stability concern. In this paper, the small-signal stability of a hybrid system with GFM and GFL inverters is investigated. Based on the idea of admittance decomposition, this paper first decomposes the overall admittance of two inverters into several sub-admittances corresponding to different control loops and circuit components. Then an in-depth analysis is conducted to reveal the dynamic interaction between multiple time-scale control loops based on decomposed admittances. Moreover, the impact of the line impedance, the grid strength, and the power flow on the system stability is analyzed and a security region is further developed. The accuracy and effectiveness of the analysis are validated through eigenvalue analysis, simulations and hardware in the loop based experiments.

Reservoir computing (RC) possesses a simple architecture and high energy efficiency for time‐series data analysis through machine learning algorithms. To date, RC has evolved into several innovative variants. The next generation reservoir computing (NGRC) variant, founded on nonlinear vector autoregression (NVAR) distinguishes itself due to its fewer hyperparameters and independence from physical random connection matrices, while yielding comparable results. However, NGRC networks struggle with massive Kronecker product calculations and matrix‐vector multiplications within the read out layer, leading to substantial efficiency challenges for traditional von Neumann architectures. In this work, a hybrid digital‐analog hardware system tailored for NGRC is developed. The digital part is a Kronecker product calculation unit with data filtering, which realizes transformation of nonlinear vector of the input linear vector. For matrix‐vector multiplication, a computing‐in‐memory architecture based on resistive random access memory array offers an energy‐efficient hardware solution, which markedly reduces data transfer and greatly improve computational parallelism and energy efficiency. The predictive capabilities of this hybrid NGRC system are validated through the Lorenz63 model, achieving a normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 0.00098 and an energy efficiency of 19.42TOPS W−1.

The urgency of addressing climate change has underscored the necessity for implementing a new energy policy. Lately, an increasing number of countries and corporations have initiated the exploration of alternative energy sources to replace fossil fuels. There is a rising interest among individuals in photovoltaic solar panels as a sustainable means of generating electricity. Photovoltaic solar systems, on the other hand, rely significantly on weather conditions. As a result, the electricity generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is unreliable. Harnessing biogas might serve as a captivating alternative for generating electricity. The study presents a proposal for a hybrid power system that combines PV solar panels and biogas. This system regards the PV solar system as the primary system. A forecast of PV production power is calculated using advanced machine-learning techniques. Subsequently, the projected power is juxtaposed with an approximation of the necessary load. If the PV system is unable to provide the necessary power demand, it is advisable to employ a biogas system to achieve a consistent and reliable power supply. Furthermore, this method offers a forecast of the daily waste demand for a reliable electrical grid. High-capacity manufacturing during the winter season is tested using a proposed solution for calculating biogas capacity and waste amount. The study introduces mathematical equations to address the daily biomass requirements of the system and implements an automated control system to oversee operations. The utilization of the proposed equations and control flow chart methodology effectively facilitates the precise quantification of methane generated from beef manure, reducing the margin of error from 12.82% to 8.28%. Additionally, it enables prompt adjustments to optimize equipment performance. This approach assists engineers in streamlining assessments and lays the groundwork for future improvements in design parameters.

In this study, we present an autonomous solution for a village located north of Timimoun in Algeria, with around thirty households. As the region has good wind potential with an average annual speed of around 5m/s, this resource is used to develop a hybrid wind/diesel/battery system. A technical-economic analysis is carried out using the HOMER optimization tool to determine the optimal solution. We considered a range of load sizes, from 0.9 kWh/d to 3.6 kWh/day, and a range of wind speeds, from 3.99 m/s to 5.42 m/s at 10 m from the ground. Several wind turbines with powers ranging from 1 kW to 10 kW have been tested.The best combination is given by the wind/diesel/battery system operating with the WES 5 Tulipo turbine with a rated power of 2.6 kW, with a diesel price equal to 0.22 $/kWh. This solution reduces the COE to 0.569 $/kWh and renewable fraction is maximum (86%). In addition, the emissions of CO2, CO and SO2 decrease to less than 70% of the emissions of Diesel power system. The sensitivity study shows that the wind/diesel/battery system is optimal for any wind speed greater than 3.5 m/s whatever the price of diesel.

The term "Power-to-X" (PtX) refers to a set of techniques for converting electrical energy into another form of energy, primarily focusing on hydrogen production. Produced hydrogen can be stored, distributed, and then used directly (to regenerate electricity, generate heat, or in transportation, steel, and chemical industries) or indirectly to produce ammonia, fertilizers, methane, methanol, e-fuels, and more. Thus, PtX is a mean of storing intermittent energy and a key contributor to the energy transition and decarbonization. In this article, we examine a grid-connected green hydrogen production system. This 1 MW renewable capacity system consists of a 300 kW wind turbine, a 700 kW photovoltaic field, and a 209 kW electrolyzer. In this system, any excess energy is integrated into the grid, enhancing overall energy sustainability. Conversely, when energy output is insufficient for the electrolyzer, the deficit is sourced from the grid, ensuring continuous and reliable operation. This dynamic interaction with the grid optimizes energy usage and reinforces the stability of the system. The results show an annual hydrogen production of about 16 tons, renewable energy production of approximately 1.9 GWh/year, a 20.85% capacity factor, a shortage of about 144.5 MWh, and an energy excess of about 824 MWh.