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1. Overview of the Instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

DESI Collaboration, Abareshi, B., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Alam, Shadab, Alexander, David M., Alfarsy, R., Allen, L., Prieto, C. Allende, Alves, O., Ameel, J., Armengaud, E., Asorey, J., Aviles, Alejandro, Bailey, S., Balaguera-Antolínez, A., Ballester, O., Baltay, C., Bault, A., Beltran, S. F., Benavides, B., BenZvi, S., Berti, A., Besuner, R., Beutler, Florian, Bianchi, D., Blake, C., Blanc, P., Blum, R., Bolton, A., Bose, S., Bramall, D., Brieden, S., Brodzeller, A., Brooks, D., Brownewell, C., Buckley-Geer, E., Cahn, R. N., Cai, Z., Canning, R., Capasso, R., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carton, P., Casas, R., Castander, F. J., Cervantes-Cota, J. L., Chabanier, S., Chaussidon, E., Chuang, C., Circosta, C., Cole, S., Cooper, A. P., Costa, L. Da, Cousinou, M.-C., Cuceu, A., Davis, T. M., Dawson, K., Cruz-Noriega, R. De La, Macorra, A. De La, Mattia, A. De, Costa, J. Della, Demmer, P., Derwent, M., Dey, A., Dey, B., Dhungana, G., Ding, Z., Dobson, C., Doel, P., Donald-McCann, J., Donaldson, J., Douglass, K., Duan, Y., Dunlop, P., Edelstein, J., Eftekharzadeh, S., Eisenstein, D. J., Enriquez-Vargas, M., Escoffier, S., Evatt, M., Fagrelius, P., Fan, X., Fanning, K., Fawcett, V. A., Ferraro, S., Ereza, J., Flaugher, B., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Romero, J. E., Frenk, C. S., Fromenteau, S., Gänsicke, B. T., Garcia-Quintero, C., Garrison, L., Gaztañaga, E., Gerardi, F., Gil-Marín, H., A Gontcho, S. Gontcho, Gonzalez-Morales, Alma X., Gonzalez-De-Rivera, G., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Gordon, C., Graur, O., Green, D., Grove, C., Gruen, D., Gutierrez, G., Guy, J., Hahn, C., Harris, S., Herrera, D., Herrera-Alcantar, Hiram K., Honscheid, K., Howlett, C., Huterer, D., Iršič, V., Ishak, M., Jelinsky, P., Jiang, L., Jimenez, J., Jing, Y. P., Joyce, R., Jullo, E., Juneau, S., Karaçaylı, N. G., Karamanis, M., Karcher, A., Karim, T., Kehoe, R., Kent, S., Kirkby, D., Kisner, T., Kitaura, F., Koposov, S. E., Kovács, A., Kremin, A., Krolewski, Alex, L’Huillier, B., Lahav, O., Lambert, A., Lamman, C., Lan, Ting-Wen, Landriau, M., Lane, S., Lang, D., Lange, J. U., Lasker, J., Guillou, L. Le, Leauthaud, A., Van Suu, A. Le, Levi, Michael E., Li, T. S., Magneville, C., Manera, M., Manser, Christopher J., Marshall, B., Martini, Paul, McCollam, W., McDonald, P., Meisner, Aaron M., Mena-Fernández, J., Meneses-Rizo, J., Mezcua, M., Miller, T., Miquel, R., Montero-Camacho, P., Moon, J., Moustakas, J., Mueller, E., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Andrea, Myers, Adam D., Nadathur, S., Najita, J., Napolitano, L., Neilsen, E., Newman, Jeffrey A., Nie, J. D., Ning, Y., Niz, G., Norberg, P., Noriega, Hernán E., O’Brien, T., Obuljen, A., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Palmese, A., Zhiwei, P., Pappalardo, D., PENG, X., Percival, W. J., Perruchot, S., Pogge, R., Poppett, C., Porredon, A., Prada, F., Prochaska, J., Pucha, R., Pérez-Fernández, A., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Rabinowitz, D., Raichoor, A., Ramirez-Solano, S., Ramírez-Pérez, César, Ravoux, C., Reil, K., Rezaie, M., Rocher, A., Rockosi, C., Roe, N. A., Roodman, A., Ross, A. J., Rossi, G., Ruggeri, R., Ruhlmann-Kleider, V., Sabiu, C. G., Safonova, S., Said, K., Saintonge, A., Catonga, Javier Salas, Samushia, L., Sanchez, E., Saulder, C., Schaan, E., Schlafly, E., Schlegel, D., Schmoll, J., Scholte, D., Schubnell, M., Secroun, A., Seo, H., Serrano, S., Sharples, Ray M., Sholl, Michael J., Silber, Joseph Harry, Silva, D. R., Sirk, M., Siudek, M., Smith, A., Sprayberry, D., Staten, R., Stupak, B., Tan, T., Tarlé, Gregory, Tie, Suk Sien, Tojeiro, R., Ureña-López, L. A., Valdes, F., Valenzuela, O., Valluri, M., Vargas-Magaña, M., Verde, L., Walther, M., Wang, B., Wang, M. S., Weaver, B. A., Weaverdyck, C., Wechsler, R., Wilson, Michael J., Yang, J., Yu, Y., Yuan, S., Yèche, Christophe, Zhang, H., Zhang, K., Zhao, Cheng, Zhou, Rongpu, Zhou, Zhimin, Zou, H., Zou, J., Zou, S., Zu, Y., Aguilar, J. [0000-0003-0822-452X], Ahlen, S. [0000-0001-6098-7247], Alam, Shadab [0000-0002-3757-6359], Alexander, David M. [0000-0002-5896-6313], Allen, L. [0000-0002-7789-5119], Prieto, C. Allende [0000-0002-0084-572X], Ameel, J. [0000-0003-3638-2584], Asorey, J. [0000-0002-6211-499X], Bailey, S. [0000-0003-4162-6619], Balaguera-Antolínez, A. [0000-0001-5028-3035], Ballester, O. [0000-0002-7126-5300], Bault, A. [0000-0002-9964-1005], Beltran, S. F. [0000-0001-6324-4019], Berti, A. [0000-0003-3582-6649], Beutler, Florian [0000-0003-0467-5438], Bose, S. [0000-0002-0974-5266], Brieden, S. [0000-0003-3896-9215], Brodzeller, A. [0000-0002-8934-0954], Brooks, D. [0000-0002-8458-5047], Cahn, R. N. [0000-0003-2748-0641], Cai, Z. [0000-0001-8467-6478], Capasso, R. [0000-0002-3083-6840], Rosell, A. Carnero [0000-0003-3044-5150], Castander, F. J. [0000-0001-7316-4573], Cervantes-Cota, J. L. [0000-0002-3057-6786], Chabanier, S. [0000-0002-5692-5243], Chaussidon, E. [0000-0001-8996-4874], Chuang, C. [0000-0002-3882-078X], Cole, S. [0000-0002-5954-7903], Cooper, A. P. [0000-0001-8274-158X], Cuceu, A. [0000-0002-2169-0595], Davis, T. M. [0000-0002-4213-8783], Dawson, K. [0000-0002-0553-3805], Costa, J. Della [0000-0003-0928-2000], Dey, A. [0000-0002-4928-4003], Dey, B. [0000-0002-5665-7912], Dhungana, G. [0000-0002-5402-1216], Ding, Z. [0000-0002-3369-3718], Douglass, K. [0000-0002-9540-546X], Duan, Y. [0000-0002-2611-0895], Eisenstein, D. J. [0000-0002-2929-3121], Escoffier, S. [0000-0002-2847-7498], Fan, X. [0000-0003-3310-0131], Fawcett, V. A. [0000-0003-1251-532X], Ereza, J. [0000-0002-0194-4017], Frenk, C. S. [0000-0002-2338-716X], Gänsicke, B. T. [0000-0002-2761-3005], Garrison, L. [0000-0002-9853-5673], Gaztañaga, E. [0000-0001-9632-0815], Gonzalez-Morales, Alma X. [0000-0003-4089-6924], Gonzalez-de-Rivera, G. [0000-0003-4452-743X], Gonzalez-Perez, V. [0000-0001-9938-2755], Graur, O. [0000-0002-4391-6137], Green, D. [0000-0002-0676-3661], Gruen, D. [0000-0003-3270-7644], Hahn, C. [0000-0003-1197-0902], Herrera, D. [0000-0003-2092-6727], Herrera-Alcantar, Hiram K. [0000-0002-9136-9609], Huterer, D. [0000-0001-6558-0112], Iršič, V. [0000-0002-5445-461X], Ishak, M. [0000-0002-6024-466X], Jiang, L. [0000-0003-4176-6486], Jing, Y. P. [0000-0002-4534-3125], Joyce, R. [0000-0003-0201-5241], Jullo, E. [0000-0002-9253-053X], Juneau, S. [0000-0002-0000-2394], Karaçaylı, N. G. [0000-0001-7336-8912], Karamanis, M. [0000-0001-9489-4612], Karim, T. [0000-0002-5652-8870], Kehoe, R. [0000-0002-7101-697X], Kent, S. [0000-0003-4207-7420], Kirkby, D. [0000-0002-8828-5463], Kisner, T. [0000-0003-3510-7134], Koposov, S. E. [0000-0003-2644-135X], Kovács, A. [0000-0002-5825-579X], Kremin, A. [0000-0001-6356-7424], L’Huillier, B. [0000-0003-2934-6243], Landriau, M. [0000-0003-1838-8528], Lang, D. [0000-0002-1172-0754], Lasker, J. [0000-0003-2999-4873], Guillou, L. Le [0000-0001-7178-8868], Leauthaud, A. [0000-0002-3677-3617], Van Suu, A. Le [0000-0001-5488-783X], Levi, Michael E. [0000-0003-1887-1018], Li, T. S. [0000-0002-9110-6163], Manser, Christopher J. [0000-0003-1543-5405], Martini, Paul [0000-0002-0194-4017], McDonald, P. [0000-0001-8346-8394], Meisner, Aaron M. [0000-0002-1125-7384], Mena-Fernández, J. [0000-0001-9497-7266], Meneses-Rizo, J. [0000-0003-3201-9788], Miquel, R. [0000-0002-6610-4836], Moustakas, J. [0000-0002-2733-4559], Nadathur, S. [0000-0001-9070-3102], Neilsen, E. [0000-0002-7357-0317], Newman, Jeffrey A. [0000-0001-8684-2222], Nie, J. D. [0000-0001-6590-8122], Ning, Y. [0000-0001-9442-1217], Niz, G. [0000-0002-1544-8946], Norberg, P. [0000-0002-5875-0440], Noriega, Hernán E. [0000-0002-3397-3998], Obuljen, A. [0000-0002-9012-6621], Palanque-Delabrouille, N. [0000-0003-3188-784], PENG, X. [0000-0002-3784-830X], Percival, W. J. [0000-0002-0644-5727], Pogge, R. [0000-0003-1435-3053], Porredon, A. [0000-0002-2762-2024], Prada, F. [0000-0001-7145-8674], Prochaska, J. [0000-0002-7738-6875], Pucha, R. [0000-0002-4940-3009], Pérez-Ràfols, I. [0000-0001-6979-0125], Rabinowitz, D. [0000-0003-4961-7653], Raichoor, A. [0000-0001-5999-7923], Rezaie, M. [0000-0001-5589-7116], Rockosi, C. [0000-0002-6667-7028], Roodman, A. [0000-0001-5326-3486], Sabiu, C. G. [0000-0002-5513-5303], Safonova, S. [0000-0002-2240-7421], Said, K. [0000-0002-1809-6325], Saintonge, A. [0000-0003-4357-3450], Samushia, L. [0000-0002-1609-5687], Sanchez, E. [0000-0002-9646-8198], Saulder, C. [0000-0002-0408-5633], Schaan, E. [0000-0002-4619-8927], Schlegel, D. [0000-0002-5042-5088], Secroun, A. [0000-0003-0505-3710], Seo, H. [0000-0002-6588-3508], Sharples, Ray M. [0000-0003-3449-8583], Silber, Joseph Harry [0000-0002-3461-0320], Silva, D. R. [0000-0002-7678-2155], Sprayberry, D. [0000-0001-7583-6441], Tarlé, Gregory [0000-0003-1704-0781], Tie, Suk Sien [0000-0002-5249-1353], Valdes, F. [0000-0001-5567-1301], Valenzuela, O. [0000-0002-0523-5509], Valluri, M. [0000-0002-6257-2341], Verde, L. [0000-0003-2601-8770], Walther, M. [0000-0002-1748-3745], Wang, B. [0000-0003-4877-1659], Wang, M. S. [0000-0002-2652-4043], Wechsler, R. [0000-0003-2229-011X], Yang, J. [0000-0001-5287-4242], Yu, Y. [0000-0002-9359-7170], Yuan, S. [0000-0002-5992-7586], Yèche, Christophe [0000-0001-5146-8533], Zhang, H. [0000-0001-6847-5254], Zhang, K. [0000-0002-9808-3646], Zhao, Cheng [0000-0002-1991-7295], Zhou, Rongpu [0000-0001-5381-4372], Zhou, Zhimin [0000-0002-4135-0977], Zou, H. [0000-0002-6684-3997], Zou, J. [0000-0001-9189-0368], Zou, S. [0000-0002-3983-6484], Zu, Y. [0000-0001-6966-6925], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DESI, HEP, INSPIRE, and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, redshift 0.6, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, QB Astronomy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), QC, QB, MCC, Astronomy and Astrophysics, DAS, space, distortions, peak, Laboratory Astrophysics, Instrumentation, Software, and Data, QC Physics, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], astro-ph.CO, galaxy sample, power-spectrum, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], growth-rate, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

Full list of authors: Abareshi, B.; Aguilar, J.; Ahlen, S.; Alam, Shadab; Alexander, David M.; Alfarsy, R.; Allen, L.; Allende Prieto, C.; Alves, O.; Ameel, J.; Armengaud, E.; Asorey, J.; Aviles, Alejandro; Bailey, S.; Balaguera-Antolinez, A.; Ballester, O.; Baltay, C.; Bault, A.; Beltran, S. F.; Benavides, B.; BenZvi, S.; Berti, A.; Besuner, R.; Beutler, Florian; Bianchi, D.; Blake, C.; Blanc, P.; Blum, R.; Bolton, A.; Bose, S.; Bramall, D.; Brieden, S.; Brodzeller, A.; Brooks, D.; Brownewell, C.; Buckley-Geer, E.; Cahn, R. N.; Cai, Z.; Canning, R.; Capasso, R.; Carnero Rosell, A.; Carton, P.; Casas, R.; Castander, F. J.; Cervantes-Cota, J. L.; Chabanier, S.; Chaussidon, E.; Chuang, C.; Circosta, C.; Cole, S.; Cooper, A. P.; da Costa, L.; Cousinou, M-C; Cuceu, A.; Davis, T. M.; Dawson, K.; De la Cruz-Noriega, R.; de la Macorra, A.; de Mattia, A.; Della Costa, J.; Demmer, P.; Derwent, M.; Dey, A.; Dey, B.; Dhungana, G.; Ding, Z.; Dobson, C.; Doel, P.; Donald-McCann, J.; Donaldson, J.; Douglass, K.; Duan, Y.; Dunlop, P.; Edelstein, J.; Eftekharzadeh, S.; Eisenstein, D. J.; Enriquez-Vargas, M.; Escoffier, S.; Evatt, M.; Fagrelius, P.; Fan, X.; Fanning, K.; Fawcett, V. A.; Ferraro, S.; Ereza, J.; Flaugher, B.; Font-Ribera, A.; Forero-Romero, J. E.; Frenk, C. S.; Fromenteau, S.; Gansicke, B. T.; Garcia-Quintero, C.; Garrison, L.; Gaztanaga, E.; Gerardi, F.; Gil-Marin, H.; Gontcho, S. Gontcho A.; Gonzalez-Morales, Alma X.; Gonzalez-de-Rivera, G.; Gonzalez-Perez, V; Gordon, C.; Graur, O.; Green, D.; Grove, C.; Gruen, D.; Gutierrez, G.; Guy, J.; Hahn, C.; Harris, S.; Herrera, D.; Herrera-Alcantar, Hiram K.; Honscheid, K.; Howlett, C.; Huterer, D.; Irsic, V; Ishak, M.; Jelinsky, P.; Jiang, L.; Jimenez, J.; Jing, Y. P.; Joyce, R.; Jullo, E.; Juneau, S.; Karacayli, N. G.; Karamanis, M.; Karcher, A.; Karim, T.; Kehoe, R.; Kent, S.; Kirkby, D.; Kisner, T.; Kitaura, F.; Koposov, S. E.; Kovacs, A.; Kremin, A.; Krolewski, Alex; L'Huillier, B.; Lahav, O.; Lambert, A.; Lamman, C.; Lan, Ting-Wen; Landriau, M.; Lane, S.; Lang, D.; Lange, J. U.; Lasker, J.; Le Guillou, L.; Leauthaud, A.; Suu, A. Le Van; Levi, Michael E.; Li, T. S.; Magneville, C.; Manera, M.; Manser, Christopher J.; Marshall, B.; Martini, Paul; McCollam, W.; McDonald, P.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Mena-Fernandez, J.; Meneses-Rizo, J.; Mezcua, M.; Miller, T.; Miquel, R.; Montero-Camacho, P.; Moon, J.; Moustakas, J.; Mueller, E.; Munoz-Gutierrez, Andrea; Myers, Adam D.; Nadathur, S.; Najita, J.; Napolitano, L.; Neilsen, E.; Newman, Jeffrey A.; Nie, J. D.; Ning, Y.; Niz, G.; Norberg, P.; Noriega, Hernan E.; O'Brien, T.; Obuljen, A.; Palanque-Delabrouille, N.; Palmese, A.; Zhiwei, P.; Pappalardo, D.; Peng, X.; Percival, W. J.; Perruchot, S.; Pogge, R.; Poppett, C.; Porredon, A.; Prada, F.; Prochaska, J.; Pucha, R.; Perez-Fernandez, A.; Perez-Rafols, I; Rabinowitz, D.; Raichoor, A.; Ramirez-Solano, S.; Ramirez-Perez, Cesar; Ravoux, C.; Reil, K.; Rezaie, M.; Rocher, A.; Rockosi, C.; Roe, N. A.; Roodman, A.; Ross, A. J.; Rossi, G.; Ruggeri, R.; Ruhlmann-Kleider, V; Sabiu, C. G.; Safonova, S.; Said, K.; Saintonge, A.; Catonga, Javier Salas; Samushia, L.; Sanchez, E.; Saulder, C.; Schaan, E.; Schlafly, E.; Schlegel, D.; Schmoll, J.; Scholte, D.; Schubnell, M.; Secroun, A.; Seo, H.; Serrano, S.; Sharples, Ray M.; Sholl, Michael J.; Silber, Joseph Harry; Silva, D. R.; Sirk, M.; Siudek, M.; Smith, A.; Sprayberry, D.; Staten, R.; Stupak, B.; Tan, T.; Tarle, Gregory; Tie, Suk Sien; Tojeiro, R.; Urena-Lopez, L. A.; Valdes, F.; Valenzuela, O.; Valluri, M.; Vargas-Magana, M.; Verde, L.; Walther, M.; Wang, B.; Wang, M. S.; Weaver, B. A.; Weaverdyck, C.; Wechsler, R.; Wilson, Michael J.; Yang, J.; Yu, Y.; Yuan, S.; Yeche, Christophe; Zhang, H.; Zhang, K.; Zhao, Cheng; Zhou, Rongpu; Zhou, Zhimin; Zou, H.; Zou, J.; Zou, S.; Zu, Y.; DESI Collaboration.--This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) embarked on an ambitious 5 yr survey in 2021 May to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopic measurements of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the baryon acoustic oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to beyond redshift z > 3.5, and employ redshift space distortions to measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. We describe the significant instrumentation we developed to conduct the DESI survey. This includes: a wide-field, 3fdg2 diameter prime-focus corrector; a focal plane system with 5020 fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface; 10 continuous, high-efficiency fiber cable bundles that connect the focal plane to the spectrographs; and 10 identical spectrographs. Each spectrograph employs a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360–980 nm with a spectral resolution that ranges from 2000–5000. We describe the science requirements, their connection to the technical requirements, the management of the project, and interfaces between subsystems. DESI was installed at the 4 m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory and has achieved all of its performance goals. Some performance highlights include an rms positioner accuracy of better than 0farcs1 and a median signal-to-noise ratio of 7 of the [O ii] doublet at 8 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 in 1000 s for galaxies at z = 1.4–1.6. We conclude with additional highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning, key successes, and lessons learned. © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society., This research is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility under the same contract. Additional support for DESI is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Astronomical Sciences under contract No. AST-0950945 to the NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory; the Science and Technologies Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; the Heising–Simons Foundation; the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA); the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT); the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain, and by the DESI Member Institutions: Aix-Marseille University; Argonne National Laboratory; Barcelona-Madrid Regional Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Boston University; Brazil Regional Participation Group; Carnegie Mellon University; CEA-IRFU, Saclay; China Participation Group; Cornell University; Durham University; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; Granada-Madrid-Tenerife Regional Participation Group; Harvard University; Kansas State University; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Korea Institute for Advanced Study; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies; Ludwig Maximilians University; Max Planck Institute; Mexico Regional Participation Group; New York University; NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory; Ohio University; Perimeter Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Siena College; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Southern Methodist University; Swinburne University; The Ohio State University; Universidad de los Andes; University of Arizona; University of Barcelona; University of California, Berkeley; University of California, Irvine; University of California, Santa Cruz; University College London; University of Florida; University of Michigan at Ann Arbor; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh; University of Portsmouth; University of Queensland; University of Rochester; University of Toronto; University of Utah; University of Waterloo; University of Wyoming; University of Zurich; UK Regional Participation Group; and Yale University. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement., With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709.

Published
2022
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2. Superclustering with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and Dark Energy Survey. I. Evidence for Thermal Energy Anisotropy Using Oriented Stacking

Author

Lokken, M, Hložek, R, Engelen, AV, Madhavacheril, M, Baxter, E, Derose, J, Doux, C, Pandey, S, Rykoff, ES, Stein, G, To, C, Abbott, TMC, Adhikari, S, Aguena, M, Allam, S, Andrade-Oliveira, F, Annis, J, Battaglia, N, Bernstein, GM, Bertin, E, Bond, Brooks, D, Calabrese, E, Rosell, AC, Kind, MC, Carretero, J, Cawthon, R, Choi, A, Costanzi, M, Crocce, M, Costa, LND, Pereira, MEDS, Vicente, JD, Desai, S, Dietrich, JP, Doel, P, Dunkley, J, Everett, S, Evrard, AE, Ferraro, S, Flaugher, B, Fosalba, P, Frieman, J, Gallardo, PA, García-Bellido, J, Gaztanaga, E, Gerdes, DW, Giannantonio, T, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gschwend, J, Gutierrez, G, Hill, JC, Hilton, M, Hincks, AD, Hinton, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, Hoyle, B, Huang, Z, Hughes, JP, Huterer, D, Jain, B, James, DJ, Jeltema, T, Kuehn, K, Lima, M, Maia, MAG, Marshall, JL, McMahon, J, Melchior, P, Menanteau, F, Miquel, R, Mohr, JJ, Moodley, K, Morgan, R, Nati, F, Page, L, Ogando, RLC, Palmese, A, Paz-Chinchón, F, Malagón, AAP, Pieres, A, Romer, AK, Rozo, E, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Schillaci, A, Schubnell, M, Serrano, S, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Sheldon, E, Shin, T, Sifón, C, Smith, M, Soares-Santos, M, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, Thomas, D, Lokken, M [0000-0001-5917-955X], Hložek, R [0000-0002-0965-7864], Engelen, AV [0000-0002-3495-158X], Madhavacheril, M [0000-0001-6740-5350], Baxter, E [0000-0002-6836-3196], Derose, J [0000-0002-0728-0960], Doux, C [0000-0003-4480-0096], Pandey, S [0000-0001-5780-637X], Rykoff, ES [0000-0001-9376-3135], Stein, G [0000-0002-5193-516X], To, C [0000-0001-7836-2261], Adhikari, S [0000-0002-0298-4432], Aguena, M [0000-0001-5679-6747], Allam, S [0000-0002-7069-7857], Annis, J [0000-0002-0609-3987], Battaglia, N [0000-0001-5846-0411], Bernstein, GM [0000-0002-8613-8259], Bertin, E [0000-0002-3602-3664], Bond, JR [0000-0003-2358-9949], Brooks, D [0000-0002-8458-5047], Rosell, AC [0000-0003-3044-5150], Kind, MC [0000-0002-4802-3194], Carretero, J [0000-0002-3130-0204], Cawthon, R [0000-0003-2965-6786], Choi, A [0000-0002-5636-233X], Costanzi, M [0000-0001-8158-1449], Crocce, M [0000-0002-9745-6228], Costa, LND [0000-0002-7731-277X], Vicente, JD [0000-0001-8318-6813], Desai, S [0000-0002-0466-3288], Dietrich, JP [0000-0002-8134-9591], Dunkley, J [0000-0002-7450-2586], Evrard, AE [0000-0002-4876-956X], Ferraro, S [0000-0003-4992-7854], Flaugher, B [0000-0002-2367-5049], Fosalba, P [0000-0002-1510-5214], Frieman, J [0000-0003-4079-3263], Gallardo, PA [0000-0001-9731-3617], García-Bellido, J [0000-0002-9370-8360], Gaztanaga, E [0000-0001-9632-0815], Gerdes, DW [0000-0001-6942-2736], Giannantonio, T [0000-0002-9865-0436], Gruen, D [0000-0003-3270-7644], Gruendl, RA [0000-0002-4588-6517], Gschwend, J [0000-0003-3023-8362], Gutierrez, G [0000-0003-0825-0517], Hill, JC [0000-0002-9539-0835], Hilton, M [0000-0002-8490-8117], Hincks, AD [0000-0003-1690-6678], Hinton, SR [0000-0003-2071-9349], Hollowood, DL [0000-0002-9369-4157], Honscheid, K [0000-0002-6550-2023], Hoyle, B [0000-0002-2571-1357], Huang, Z [0000-0002-1506-1063], Hughes, JP [0000-0002-8816-6800], Huterer, D [0000-0001-6558-0112], James, DJ [0000-0001-5160-4486], Jeltema, T [0000-0001-6089-0365], Kuehn, K [0000-0003-0120-0808], Maia, MAG [0000-0001-9856-9307], Marshall, JL [0000-0003-0710-9474], Melchior, P [0000-0002-8873-5065], Menanteau, F [0000-0002-1372-2534], Miquel, R [0000-0002-6610-4836], Moodley, K [0000-0001-6606-7142], Morgan, R [0000-0002-7016-5471], Nati, F [0000-0002-8307-5088], Page, L [0000-0002-9828-3525], Ogando, RLC [0000-0003-2120-1154], Palmese, A [0000-0002-6011-0530], Paz-Chinchón, F [0000-0003-1339-2683], Malagón, AAP [0000-0002-2598-0514], Pieres, A [0000-0001-9186-6042], Romer, AK [0000-0002-9328-879X], Rozo, E [0000-0002-1666-6275], Sanchez, E [0000-0002-9646-8198], Schubnell, M [0000-0001-9504-2059], Serrano, S [0000-0002-0211-2861], Sevilla-Noarbe, I [0000-0002-1831-1953], Sheldon, E [0000-0001-9194-0441], Sifón, C [0000-0002-8149-1352], Smith, M [0000-0002-3321-1432], Soares-Santos, M [0000-0001-6082-8529], Suchyta, E [0000-0002-7047-9358], Swanson, MEC [0000-0002-1488-8552], Tarle, G [0000-0003-1704-0781], Thomas, D [0000-0002-6325-5671], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

The cosmic web contains filamentary structure on a wide range of scales. On the largest scales, superclustering aligns multiple galaxy clusters along intercluster bridges, visible through their thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich signal in the cosmic microwave background. We demonstrate a new, flexible method to analyze the hot gas signal from multiscale extended structures. We use a Compton y-map from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) stacked on redMaPPer cluster positions from the optical Dark Energy Survey (DES). Cutout images from the y-map are oriented with large-scale structure information from DES galaxy data such that the superclustering signal is aligned before being overlaid. We find evidence of an extended quadrupole moment of the stacked y signal at the 3.5σ level, demonstrating that the large-scale thermal energy surrounding galaxy clusters is anisotropically distributed. We compare our ACT × DES results with the Buzzard simulations, finding broad agreement. Using simulations, we highlight the promise of this novel technique for constraining the evolution of anisotropic, non-Gaussian structure using future combinations of microwave and optical surveys.

Published
2022

3. Milky Way Satellite Census. IV. Constraints on Decaying Dark Matter from Observations of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies

Author

A Mau, S., Nadler, E. O., Wechsler, R. H., Drlica-Wagner, A., Bechtol, K., Green, G., Huterer, D., Li, T. S., Mao, Y. -Y., Martínez-Vázquez, C. E., McNanna, M., Mutlu-Pakdil, B., Pace, A. B., Peter, A., Riley, A. H., Strigari, L., Wang, M. -Y., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bacon, D., Bertin, E., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., Crocce, M., Pereira, M. E. S., Davis, T. M., Vicente, J. De, Desai, S., Doel, P., Ferrero, I., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gatti, M., Giannini, G., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Morgan, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Paz-Chinchón, F., Pieres, A., Rodriguez-Monroy, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., To, C., Tucker, D. L., Weller, J., DES Collaboration, Mau, S [0000-0003-3519-4004], Nadler, EO [0000-0002-1182-3825], Wechsler, RH [0000-0003-2229-011X], Drlica-Wagner, A [0000-0001-8251-933X], Bechtol, K [0000-0001-8156-0429], Green, G [0000-0001-5417-2260], Huterer, D [0000-0001-6558-0112], Li, TS [0000-0002-9110-6163], Mao, YY [0000-0002-1200-0820], Martínez-Vázquez, CE [0000-0002-9144-7726], McNanna, M [0000-0001-5435-7820], Mutlu-Pakdil, B [0000-0001-9649-4815], Pace, AB [0000-0002-6021-8760], Peter, A [0000-0002-8040-6785], Riley, AH [0000-0001-5805-5766], Strigari, L [0000-0001-5672-6079], Wang, MY [0000-0002-8226-6237], Aguena, M [0000-0001-5679-6747], Allam, S [0000-0002-7069-7857], Annis, J [0000-0002-0609-3987], Bacon, D [0000-0002-2562-8537], Bertin, E [0000-0002-3602-3664], Bocquet, S [0000-0002-4900-805X], Brooks, D [0000-0002-8458-5047], Burke, DL [0000-0003-1866-1950], Rosell, AC [0000-0003-3044-5150], Kind, MC [0000-0002-4802-3194], Carretero, J [0000-0002-3130-0204], Costanzi, M [0000-0001-8158-1449], Crocce, M [0000-0002-9745-6228], Davis, TM [0000-0002-4213-8783], Vicente, JD [0000-0001-8318-6813], Desai, S [0000-0002-0466-3288], Ferrero, I [0000-0002-1295-1132], Flaugher, B [0000-0002-2367-5049], Frieman, J [0000-0003-4079-3263], García-Bellido, J [0000-0002-9370-8360], Giannini, G [0000-0002-3730-1750], Gruen, D [0000-0003-3270-7644], Gruendl, RA [0000-0002-4588-6517], Gschwend, J [0000-0003-3023-8362], Gutierrez, G [0000-0003-0825-0517], Hinton, SR [0000-0003-2071-9349], Hollowood, DL [0000-0002-9369-4157], Honscheid, K [0000-0002-6550-2023], James, DJ [0000-0001-5160-4486], Kuehn, K [0000-0003-0120-0808], Lahav, O [0000-0002-1134-9035], Maia, MAG [0000-0001-9856-9307], Marshall, JL [0000-0003-0710-9474], Miquel, R [0000-0002-6610-4836], Morgan, R [0000-0002-7016-5471], Ogando, RLC [0000-0003-2120-1154], Paz-Chinchón, F [0000-0003-1339-2683], Pieres, A [0000-0001-9186-6042], Sanchez, E [0000-0002-9646-8198], Serrano, S [0000-0002-0211-2861], Sevilla-Noarbe, I [0000-0002-1831-1953], Suchyta, E [0000-0002-7047-9358], Tarle, G [0000-0003-1704-0781], To, C [0000-0001-7836-2261], Tucker, DL [0000-0001-7211-5729], Weller, J [0000-0002-8282-2010], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Department of Energy (US), National Science Foundation (US), Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), German Research Foundation, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, A Mau, S., Nadler, E. O., Wechsler, R. H., Drlica-Wagner, A., Bechtol, K., Green, G., Huterer, D., T. S., Li, Mao, Y. -Y., Martínez-Vázquez, C. E., Mcnanna, M., Mutlu-Pakdil, B., Pace, A. B., Peter, A., Riley, A. H., Strigari, L., Wang, M. -Y., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bacon, D., Bertin, E., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., Crocce, M., Pereira, M. E. S., Davis, T. M., Vicente, J. De, Desai, S., Doel, P., Ferrero, I., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gatti, M., Giannini, G., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Morgan, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Paz-Chinchón, F., Pieres, A., Rodriguez-Monroy, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., To, C., Tucker, D. L., Weller, J., and Des, Collaboration

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, hep-ph, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy abundances, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Halo, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Dwarf Galaxies, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Dark matter, astro-ph.CO, Dark Matter, Milky Way dark matter halo, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Mau et al., We use a recent census of the Milky Way (MW) satellite galaxy population to constrain the lifetime of particle dark matter (DM). We consider two-body decaying dark matter (DDM) in which a heavy DM particle decays with lifetime τ comparable to the age of the universe to a lighter DM particle (with mass splitting epsilon) and to a dark radiation species. These decays impart a characteristic "kick velocity," Vkick = epsilonc, on the DM daughter particles, significantly depleting the DM content of low-mass subhalos and making them more susceptible to tidal disruption. We fit the suppression of the present-day DDM subhalo mass function (SHMF) as a function of τ and Vkick using a suite of high-resolution zoom-in simulations of MW-mass halos, and we validate this model on new DDM simulations of systems specifically chosen to resemble the MW. We implement our DDM SHMF predictions in a forward model that incorporates inhomogeneities in the spatial distribution and detectability of MW satellites and uncertainties in the mapping between galaxies and DM halos, the properties of the MW system, and the disruption of subhalos by the MW disk using an empirical model for the galaxy–halo connection. By comparing to the observed MW satellite population, we conservatively exclude DDM models with τ < 18 Gyr (29 Gyr) for Vkick = 20 kms−1 (40 kms−1) at 95% confidence. These constraints are among the most stringent and robust small-scale structure limits on the DM particle lifetime and strongly disfavor DDM models that have been proposed to alleviate the Hubble and S8 tensions., Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NSF's NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF's NOIRLab (NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J. Frieman), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.

Published
2022

4. Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Measuring the Survey Transfer Function with Balrog

Author

S. Everett, B. Yanny, N. Kuropatkin, E. M. Huff, Y. Zhang, J. Myles, A. Masegian, J. Elvin-Poole, S. Allam, G. M. Bernstein, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, M. Splettstoesser, E. Sheldon, M. Jarvis, A. Amon, I. Harrison, A. Choi, W. G. Hartley, A. Alarcon, C. Sánchez, D. Gruen, K. Eckert, J. Prat, M. Tabbutt, V. Busti, M. R. Becker, N. MacCrann, H. T. Diehl, D. L. Tucker, E. Bertin, T. Jeltema, A. Drlica-Wagner, R. A. Gruendl, K. Bechtol, A. Carnero Rosell, T. M. C. Abbott, M. Aguena, J. Annis, D. Bacon, S. Bhargava, D. Brooks, D. L. Burke, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Carretero, F. J. Castander, C. Conselice, M. Costanzi, L. N. da Costa, M. E. S. Pereira, J. De Vicente, J. DeRose, S. Desai, T. F. Eifler, A. E. Evrard, I. Ferrero, P. Fosalba, J. Frieman, J. García-Bellido, E. Gaztanaga, D. W. Gerdes, G. Gutierrez, S. R. Hinton, D. L. Hollowood, K. Honscheid, D. Huterer, D. J. James, S. Kent, E. Krause, K. Kuehn, O. Lahav, M. Lima, H. Lin, M. A. G. Maia, J. L. Marshall, P. Melchior, F. Menanteau, R. Miquel, J. J. Mohr, R. Morgan, J. Muir, R. L. C. Ogando, A. Palmese, F. Paz-Chinchón, A. A. Plazas, M. Rodriguez-Monroy, A. K. Romer, A. Roodman, E. Sanchez, V. Scarpine, S. Serrano, M. Smith, M. Soares-Santos, E. Suchyta, M. E. C. Swanson, G. Tarle, C. To, M. A. Troxel, T. N. Varga, J. Weller, R. D. Wilkinson, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Department of Energy (US), National Science Foundation (US), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Everett, S., Yanny, B., Kuropatkin, N., Huff, E. M., Zhang, Y., Myles, J., Masegian, A., Elvin-Poole, J., Allam, S., Bernstein, G. M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Splettstoesser, M., Sheldon, E., Jarvis, M., Amon, A., Harrison, I., Choi, A., Hartley, W. G., Alarcon, A., Sanchez, C., Gruen, D., Eckert, K., Prat, J., Tabbutt, M., Busti, V., Becker, M. R., Maccrann, N., Diehl, H. T., Tucker, D. L., Bertin, E., Jeltema, T., Drlica-Wagner, A., Gruendl, R. A., Bechtol, K., Rosell, A. C., Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Annis, J., Bacon, D., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Kind, M. C., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Conselice, C., Costanzi, M., Da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., De Vicente, J., Derose, J., Desai, S., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Ferrero, I., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Huterer, D., James, D. J., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Lin, H., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Morgan, R., Muir, J., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchon, F., Plazas, A. A., Rodriguez-Monroy, M., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Serrano, S., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., To, C., Troxel, M. A., Varga, T. N., Weller, J., Wilkinson, R. D., Everett, S [0000-0002-3745-2882], Yanny, B [0000-0002-9541-2678], Kuropatkin, N [0000-0003-2511-0946], Huff, EM [0000-0002-9378-3424], Myles, J [0000-0001-6145-5859], Elvin-Poole, J [0000-0001-5148-9203], Bernstein, GM [0000-0002-8613-8259], Sevilla-Noarbe, I [0000-0002-1831-1953], Sheldon, E [0000-0001-9194-0441], Gruen, D [0000-0003-3270-7644], Eckert, K [0000-0002-1407-4700], Becker, MR [0000-0001-7774-2246], Diehl, HT [0000-0002-8357-7467], Tucker, DL [0000-0001-7211-5729], Bertin, E [0000-0002-3602-3664], Jeltema, T [0000-0001-6089-0365], Drlica-Wagner, A [0000-0001-8251-933X], Gruendl, RA [0000-0002-4588-6517], Abbott, TMC [0000-0003-1587-3931], Aguena, M [0000-0001-5679-6747], Annis, J [0000-0002-0609-3987], Carretero, J [0000-0002-3130-0204], Castander, FJ [0000-0001-7316-4573], Conselice, C [0000-0003-1949-7638], Costanzi, M [0000-0001-8158-1449], Derose, J [0000-0002-0728-0960], Fosalba, P [0000-0002-1510-5214], García-Bellido, J [0000-0002-9370-8360], Gaztanaga, E [0000-0001-9632-0815], Gerdes, DW [0000-0001-6942-2736], Hinton, SR [0000-0003-2071-9349], Hollowood, DL [0000-0002-9369-4157], Huterer, D [0000-0001-6558-0112], Kent, S [0000-0003-4207-7420], Kuehn, K [0000-0003-0120-0808], Marshall, JL [0000-0003-0710-9474], Melchior, P [0000-0002-8873-5065], Menanteau, F [0000-0002-1372-2534], Miquel, R [0000-0002-6610-4836], Palmese, A [0000-0002-6011-0530], Paz-Chinchón, F [0000-0003-1339-2683], Romer, AK [0000-0002-9328-879X], Roodman, A [0000-0001-5326-3486], Serrano, S [0000-0002-0211-2861], Soares-Santos, M [0000-0001-6082-8529], Tarle, G [0000-0003-1704-0781], Weller, J [0000-0002-8282-2010], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysic, Weak, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 1464, 351, 1857, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Gravitational Lensing, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Dark Energy, Space and Planetary Science, astro-ph.CO, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.IM
Abstract

DES Collaboration: Everett et al., We describe an updated calibration and diagnostic framework, Balrog, used to directly sample the selection and photometric biases of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 (Y3) data set. We systematically inject onto the single-epoch images of a random 20% subset of the DES footprint an ensemble of nearly 30 million realistic galaxy models derived from DES Deep Field observations. These augmented images are analyzed in parallel with the original data to automatically inherit measurement systematics that are often too difficult to capture with generative models. The resulting object catalog is a Monte Carlo sampling of the DES transfer function and is used as a powerful diagnostic and calibration tool for a variety of DES Y3 science, particularly for the calibration of the photometric redshifts of distant "source" galaxies and magnification biases of nearer "lens" galaxies. The recovered Balrog injections are shown to closely match the photometric property distributions of the Y3 GOLD catalog, particularly in color, and capture the number density fluctuations from observing conditions of the real data within 1% for a typical galaxy sample. We find that Y3 colors are extremely well calibrated, typically within ∼1–8 mmag, but for a small subset of objects, we detect significant magnitude biases correlated with large overestimates of the injected object size due to proximity effects and blending. We discuss approaches to extend the current methodology to capture more aspects of the transfer function and reach full coverage of the survey footprint for future analyses., S.E. and T.J. acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under award numbers DESC0010107 and A00-1465-001. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the US Department of Energy, the US National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NFS's NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF's NOIRLab (NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J. Frieman), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.

Published
2021

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