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2. Hydrous mantle transition zone indicated by ringwoodite included within diamond

Author

Pearson, D.G., Brenker, F.E., Nestola, F., McNeill, J., Nasdala, L., Hutchison, M.T., Matveev, S., Mather, K., Silversmit, G., Schmitz, S., Vekemans, B., and Vincze, L.

Subjects
Geodynamics -- Research, Geological research, Subduction zones (Geology) -- Research, Earth -- Mantle, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The ultimate origin of water in the Earth's hydrosphere is in the deep Earth--the mantle. Theory (1) and experiments (2-4) have shown that although the water storage capacity of olivine-dominated [...]

Published
2014

3. Mineral inclusions in diamonds: associations and chemical distinctions around the 670-km discontinuity

Author

Hutchison, M.T., Hursthouse, M.B., and Light, M.E.

Subjects
Petrology -- Research, Mineralogical research -- Analysis, Minerals -- Composition, Diamonds -- Inclusions, Pyroxene -- Composition, Olivine -- Composition, Perovskite -- Composition, Earth sciences
Abstract

Three new mineral associations have been discovered within diamonds from the Juina district of Brazil. These include a previously unrecorded Na-Al-(Mg, Fe)Si[O.sub.3] phase associated with ferropericlase and the tetragonal almandine pyrope phase, TAPP. Also reported are an association of corundum with aluminous-pyroxene and an olivine composition phase associated with ferropericlase. The minerals in each association often occurred within the same diamonds in addition to being recovered from individual diamonds in different combinations. High-pressure experimental data indicate that these associations formed at different depths within a region ca. 60 km on either side of the upper-mantle/lower-mantle boundary. Mineral compositions show that for the regions sampled, the deep transition zone and lower mantle are chemically distinct and inhomogeneous. Importantly, in the shallow lower mantle, Al is not solely accommodated within perovskite-structured (Mg, Fe)Si[O.sub.3] as some recent experimental studies have suggested.

Published
2001

5. P-T history of kimberlite-hosted garnet lherzolites from south-west Greenland.

Author

Hutchison M.T., Bernstein S., Nielsen L.J., Hutchison M.T., Bernstein S., and Nielsen L.J.

Abstract

A study was carried out to constrain the mantle geotherm for the southern extent of the North Atlantic Craton in Greenland by applying three-phase geothermobarometry calculations using the chemical compositions of clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and garnet from four-phase kimberlite-hosted lherzolite xenoliths. The xenoliths were sampled from kimberlites in two areas, Midternaes and Pyramidefjeld. The data suggest that the Midternaes kimberlite is closer to directly sampling mantle material within the diamond stability field than Pyramidefjeld and may have a better diamond potential. Midternaes kimberlites have not yet been tested for the presence of diamonds, and the apparently shallower-sourced kimberlites from Pyramidefjeld have yielded small numbers of diamonds. Since Midternaes contains some of the thickest outcropping kimberlite evident in Greenland, the area may merit further prospecting., A study was carried out to constrain the mantle geotherm for the southern extent of the North Atlantic Craton in Greenland by applying three-phase geothermobarometry calculations using the chemical compositions of clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and garnet from four-phase kimberlite-hosted lherzolite xenoliths. The xenoliths were sampled from kimberlites in two areas, Midternaes and Pyramidefjeld. The data suggest that the Midternaes kimberlite is closer to directly sampling mantle material within the diamond stability field than Pyramidefjeld and may have a better diamond potential. Midternaes kimberlites have not yet been tested for the presence of diamonds, and the apparently shallower-sourced kimberlites from Pyramidefjeld have yielded small numbers of diamonds. Since Midternaes contains some of the thickest outcropping kimberlite evident in Greenland, the area may merit further prospecting.

Published
2007

8. Computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy: a fast and reliable tool for diamond prospecting.

Author

Keulen N., Frei D., Hutchison M.T., Keulen N., Frei D., and Hutchison M.T.

Abstract

The use is described of computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy as a faster, more reliable and cost-effective alternative to conventional electron microprobe analysis for kimberlite indicator minerals. The method is based on conventional scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and, as a result of extended counting times, optimised settings and computer-controlled particle recognition, valid data can be obtained at low operator and machine times. Comparative results obtained for garnet, ilmenite and olivine grains show that the method can be used to study major and minor element concentrations in indicator minerals with almost the same precision as the electron microprobe., The use is described of computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy as a faster, more reliable and cost-effective alternative to conventional electron microprobe analysis for kimberlite indicator minerals. The method is based on conventional scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and, as a result of extended counting times, optimised settings and computer-controlled particle recognition, valid data can be obtained at low operator and machine times. Comparative results obtained for garnet, ilmenite and olivine grains show that the method can be used to study major and minor element concentrations in indicator minerals with almost the same precision as the electron microprobe.

9. Diamond exploration in West Greenland: the Qaamasoq prospect.

Author

Hutchison M.T., Christiansen O., Hughes J.W., Hutchison M.T., Christiansen O., and Hughes J.W.

Abstract

Previous exploration having recovered a 0.28 mm diamond from 34.6 kg, magnetic surveying found that kimberlite float occurs abundantly at four localities: The Promontory, The Island, TMR-Q1-14 and Ullu, where the abundance and size of mantle-derived pyrope garnet, the presence of eclogitic garnet and large peridotite xenoliths justified further evaluation. All three bulk samples processed, totalling 250.4 kg, were found to be diamondiferous and yielded 6 diamonds, the largest from the 212 micrometre sieve. Ullu, a topographic depression only 1 km from a significant tectonic terrane boundary that may have represented an important control on kimberlite emplacement, continues a previously identified highly prospective kimberlite indicator mineral trail and has more than 200 kimberlite boulders up to 1.5 m in size, while its float trend extends 1 km to the TMR-Q1-14 magnetic target. Rare float examples at Ullu preserve the kimberlite's contact with K-feldspar-phyric orthogneiss, supporting a proximal if not underlying source whose depth and dimensions it is hoped to establish by geophysical techniques., Previous exploration having recovered a 0.28 mm diamond from 34.6 kg, magnetic surveying found that kimberlite float occurs abundantly at four localities: The Promontory, The Island, TMR-Q1-14 and Ullu, where the abundance and size of mantle-derived pyrope garnet, the presence of eclogitic garnet and large peridotite xenoliths justified further evaluation. All three bulk samples processed, totalling 250.4 kg, were found to be diamondiferous and yielded 6 diamonds, the largest from the 212 micrometre sieve. Ullu, a topographic depression only 1 km from a significant tectonic terrane boundary that may have represented an important control on kimberlite emplacement, continues a previously identified highly prospective kimberlite indicator mineral trail and has more than 200 kimberlite boulders up to 1.5 m in size, while its float trend extends 1 km to the TMR-Q1-14 magnetic target. Rare float examples at Ullu preserve the kimberlite's contact with K-feldspar-phyric orthogneiss, supporting a proximal if not underlying source whose depth and dimensions it is hoped to establish by geophysical techniques.

10. Large-Scale Recombinant Production of the SARS-CoV-2 Proteome for High-Throughput and Structural Biology Applications

Author

Altincekic, Nadide, Korn, Sophie Marianne, Qureshi, Nusrat Shahin, Dujardin, Marie, Ninot-Pedrosa, Martí, Abele, Rupert, Abi Saad, Marie Jose, Alfano, Caterina, Almeida, Fabio, Alshamleh, Islam, de Amorim, Gisele Cardoso, Anderson, Thomas, Anobom, Cristiane, Anorma, Chelsea, Bains, Jasleen Kaur, Bax, Adriaan, Blackledge, Martin, Blechar, Julius, Böckmann, Anja, Brigandat, Louis, Bula, Anna, Bütikofer, Matthias, Camacho-Zarco, Aldo, Carlomagno, Teresa, Caruso, Icaro Putinhon, Ceylan, Betül, Chaikuad, Apirat, Chu, Feixia, Cole, Laura, Crosby, Marquise, de Jesus, Vanessa, Dhamotharan, Karthikeyan, Felli, Isabella, Ferner, Jan, Fleischmann, Yanick, Fogeron, Marie-Laure, Fourkiotis, Nikolaos, Fuks, Christin, Fürtig, Boris, Gallo, Angelo, Gande, Santosh, Gerez, Juan Atilio, Ghosh, Dhiman, GOMES-NETO, Francisco, Gorbatyuk, Oksana, Guseva, Serafima, Hacker, Carolin, Häfner, Sabine, Hao, Bing, Hargittay, Bruno, Henzler-Wildman, K., Hoch, Jeffrey, Hohmann, Katharina, Hutchison, Marie, Jaudzems, Kristaps, Jović, Katarina, Kaderli, Janina, Kalniņš, Gints, Kaņepe, Iveta, Kirchdoerfer, Robert, Kirkpatrick, John, Knapp, Stefan, Krishnathas, Robin, Kutz, Felicitas, zur Lage, Susanne, Lambertz, Roderick, Lang, Andras, Laurents, Douglas, Lecoq, Lauriane, Linhard, Verena, Löhr, Frank, Malki, Anas, Bessa, Luiza Mamigonian, Martin, Rachel, Matzel, Tobias, Maurin, Damien, McNutt, Seth, Mebus-Antunes, Nathane Cunha, Meier, Beat, Meiser, Nathalie, Mompeán, Miguel, Monaca, Elisa, Montserret, Roland, Mariño Perez, Laura, Moser, Celine, Muhle-Goll, Claudia, Neves-Martins, Thais Cristtina, Ni, Xiamonin, Norton-Baker, Brenna, Pierattelli, Roberta, Pontoriero, Letizia, Pustovalova, Yulia, Ohlenschläger, Oliver, Orts, Julien, Da Poian, Andrea, Pyper, Dennis, Richter, Christian, Riek, Roland, Rienstra, Chad, Robertson, Angus, Pinheiro, Anderson, Sabbatella, Raffaele, Salvi, Nicola, Saxena, Krishna, Schulte, Linda, Schiavina, Marco, Schwalbe, Harald, Silber, Mara, Almeida, Marcius da Silva, Sprague-Piercy, Marc, Spyroulias, Georgios, Sreeramulu, Sridhar, Tants, Jan-Niklas, Tārs, Kaspars, Torres, Felix, Töws, Sabrina, Treviño, Miguel, Trucks, Sven, Tsika, Aikaterini, Varga, Krisztina, Wang, Ying, Weber, Marco, Weigand, Julia, Wiedemann, Christoph, Wirmer-Bartoschek, Julia, Wirtz Martin, Maria Alexandra, Zehnder, Johannes, Hengesbach, Martin, Schlundt, Andreas, Treviño, Miguel Á., Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Microbiologie moléculaire et biochimie structurale / Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR-17-EURE-0003,CBH-EUR-GS,CBH-EUR-GS(2017), Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, German Research Foundation, Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze, European Commission, University of New Hampshire, The Free State of Thuringia, National Institutes of Health (US), National Science Foundation (US), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Latvian Council of Science, Ministry of Development and Investments (Greece), Helmholtz Association, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Swiss National Science Foundation, Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique, ETH Zurich, European Research Council, Université Grenoble Alpes, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Fundación 'la Caixa', Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Polytechnic Foundation of Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University Frankfurt, CNRS/Lyon University, Fondazione Ri.MED, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Caxias Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of California, NIDDK, IBS, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Leibniz University Hannover, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Florence, University of Patras, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), UConn Health, Signals GmbH Co. KG, Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Altincekic N., Korn S.M., Qureshi N.S., Dujardin M., Ninot-Pedrosa M., Abele R., Abi Saad M.J., Alfano C., Almeida F.C.L., Alshamleh I., de Amorim G.C., Anderson T.K., Anobom C.D., Anorma C., Bains J.K., Bax A., Blackledge M., Blechar J., Bockmann A., Brigandat L., Bula A., Butikofer M., Camacho-Zarco A.R., Carlomagno T., Caruso I.P., Ceylan B., Chaikuad A., Chu F., Cole L., Crosby M.G., de Jesus V., Dhamotharan K., Felli I.C., Ferner J., Fleischmann Y., Fogeron M.-L., Fourkiotis N.K., Fuks C., Furtig B., Gallo A., Gande S.L., Gerez J.A., Ghosh D., Gomes-Neto F., Gorbatyuk O., Guseva S., Hacker C., Hafner S., Hao B., Hargittay B., Henzler-Wildman K., Hoch J.C., Hohmann K.F., Hutchison M.T., Jaudzems K., Jovic K., Kaderli J., Kalnins G., Kanepe I., Kirchdoerfer R.N., Kirkpatrick J., Knapp S., Krishnathas R., Kutz F., zur Lage S., Lambertz R., Lang A., Laurents D., Lecoq L., Linhard V., Lohr F., Malki A., Bessa L.M., Martin R.W., Matzel T., Maurin D., McNutt S.W., Mebus-Antunes N.C., Meier B.H., Meiser N., Mompean M., Monaca E., Montserret R., Marino Perez L., Moser C., Muhle-Goll C., Neves-Martins T.C., Ni X., Norton-Baker B., Pierattelli R., Pontoriero L., Pustovalova Y., Ohlenschlager O., Orts J., Da Poian A.T., Pyper D.J., Richter C., Riek R., Rienstra C.M., Robertson A., Pinheiro A.S., Sabbatella R., Salvi N., Saxena K., Schulte L., Schiavina M., Schwalbe H., Silber M., Almeida M.D.S., Sprague-Piercy M.A., Spyroulias G.A., Sreeramulu S., Tants J.-N., Tars K., Torres F., Tows S., Trevino M.A., Trucks S., Tsika A.C., Varga K., Wang Y., Weber M.E., Weigand J.E., Wiedemann C., Wirmer-Bartoschek J., Wirtz Martin M.A., Zehnder J., Hengesbach M., Schlundt A., HZI,Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7,38124 Braunschweig, Germany., and Obra Social la Caixa

Subjects
Life sciences, biology, SARS-COV-2, COVID-19, protein production, structural biology, NMR, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Biochemistry, Accessory proteins, NMR spectroscopy, ddc:570, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Molecular Biosciences, ddc:610, Nonstructural proteins, Molecular Biology, Original Research, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], SARS-CoV-2, Intrinsically disordered region, nonstructural proteins, structural proteins, Cell-free protein synthesis, intrinsically disordered region, cell-free protein synthesis, accessory proteins, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Structural proteins
Abstract

The highly infectious disease COVID-19 caused by the Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 poses a severe threat to humanity and demands the redirection of scientific efforts and criteria to organized research projects. The international COVID19-NMR consortium seeks to provide such new approaches by gathering scientific expertise worldwide. In particular, making available viral proteins and RNAs will pave the way to understanding the SARS-CoV-2 molecular components in detail. The research in COVID19-NMR and the resources provided through the consortium are fully disclosed to accelerate access and exploitation. NMR investigations of the viral molecular components are designated to provide the essential basis for further work, including macromolecular interaction studies and high-throughput drug screening. Here, we present the extensive catalog of a holistic SARS-CoV-2 protein preparation approach based on the consortium’s collective efforts. We provide protocols for the large-scale production of more than 80% of all SARS-CoV-2 proteins or essential parts of them. Several of the proteins were produced in more than one laboratory, demonstrating the high interoperability between NMR groups worldwide. For the majority of proteins, we can produce isotope-labeled samples of HSQC-grade. Together with several NMR chemical shift assignments made publicly available on covid19-nmr.com, we here provide highly valuable resources for the production of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in isotope-labeled form., This work was supported by Goethe University (Corona funds), the DFG-funded CRC: “Molecular Principles of RNA-Based Regulation,” DFG infrastructure funds (project numbers: 277478796, 277479031, 392682309, 452632086, 70653611), the state of Hesse (BMRZ), the Fondazione CR Firenze (CERM), and the IWB-EFRE-program 20007375. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 871037. AS is supported by DFG Grant SCHL 2062/2-1 and by the JQYA at Goethe through project number 2019/AS01. Work in the lab of KV was supported by a CoRE grant from the University of New Hampshire. The FLI is a member of the Leibniz Association (WGL) and financially supported by the Federal Government of Germany and the State of Thuringia. Work in the lab of RM was supported by NIH (2R01EY021514) and NSF (DMR-2002837). BN-B was supported by theNSF GRFP.MCwas supported byNIH (R25 GM055246 MBRS IMSD), and MS-P was supported by the HHMI Gilliam Fellowship. Work in the labs of KJ and KT was supported by Latvian Council of Science Grant No. VPP-COVID 2020/1-0014. Work in the UPAT’s lab was supported by the INSPIRED (MIS 5002550) project, which is implemented under the Action “Reinforcement of the Research and Innovation Infrastructure,” funded by the Operational Program “Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (NSRF 2014–2020) and cofinanced by Greece and the EU (European Regional Development Fund) and the FP7 REGPOT CT-2011- 285950–“SEE-DRUG” project (purchase of UPAT’s 700MHz NMR equipment). Work in the CM-G lab was supported by the Helmholtz society. Work in the lab of ABö was supported by the CNRS, the French National Research Agency (ANR, NMRSCoV2- ORF8), the Fondation de la Recherche Médicale (FRM, NMR-SCoV2-ORF8), and the IR-RMN-THC Fr3050 CNRS. Work in the lab of BM was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant number 200020_188711), the Günthard Stiftung für Physikalische Chemie, and the ETH Zurich. Work in the labs of ABö and BM was supported by a common grant from SNF (grant 31CA30_196256). This work was supported by the ETHZurich, the grant ETH40 18 1, and the grant Krebsliga KFS 4903 08 2019. Work in the lab of the IBS Grenoble was supported by the Agence Nationale de Recherche (France) RA-COVID SARS2NUCLEOPROTEIN and European Research Council Advanced Grant DynamicAssemblies. Work in the CA lab was supported by Patto per il Sud della Regione Siciliana–CheMISt grant (CUP G77B17000110001). Part of this work used the platforms of the Grenoble Instruct-ERIC center (ISBG; UMS 3518 CNRS-CEA-UGA-EMBL) within the Grenoble Partnership for Structural Biology (PSB), supported by FRISBI (ANR-10-INBS-05-02) and GRAL, financed within the University Grenoble Alpes graduate school (Ecoles Universitaires de Recherche) CBH-EUR-GS (ANR-17-EURE- 0003). Work at the UW-Madison was supported by grant numbers NSF MCB2031269 and NIH/NIAID AI123498. MM is a Ramón y Cajal Fellow of the Spanish AEI-Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2019-026574-I), and a “La Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434) Junior Leader Fellow (LCR/BQ/PR19/11700003). Funded by project COV20/00764 fromthe Carlos III Institute of Health and the SpanishMinistry of Science and Innovation to MMand DVL. VDJ was supported by the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds. Part of this work used the resources of the Italian Center of Instruct-ERIC at the CERM/ CIRMMP infrastructure, supported by the Italian Ministry for University and Research (FOE funding). CF was supported by the Stiftung Polytechnische Gesellschaft. Work in the lab of JH was supported by NSF (RAPID 2030601) and NIH (R01GM123249).

Published
2021

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