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11. The magnetostriction of nickel and gadolinium

Author

Hutchinson, F.

Subjects
530.412
Abstract

Nickel: An optical grid method has been used to check the anomaly in the λl00, T curve (Comer and Hunt 1955) in a nickel crystal. The results appeared to confirm the anomaly but as the method could not be calibrated independently there was considerable doubt about their accuracy. A solenoid capable of giving fields of 10,500 oersteds has been constructed, and magnetostriction measurements carried out using the capacitance bridge method of Corner and Hunt, on the [100] specimen in the temperature range 20 K to 630 K, and on the [111] specimen in the temperature range 78 K to 630 K, The results show that the λl00,T anomaly does not exist. Reasons are given for the error in the optical, grid method, and the results obtained by the capacitance bridge method are discussed in relation to those of Corner and Hunt, and to the theoretical equation of Vonsovsky (194-0). Extrapolation of the X,T curves to 0 K gives λlll = -28 x 10(^-6), λ100 = -57 x 10(^-6). Gadolinium: A zone melting apparatus has been constructed for the purpose of segregating the impurities in a piece of polycrystalline gadolinium in order to grow a single crystal. The grain size has been increased but no single crystal has been produced. Magnetostriction and intensity of magnetization measurements have been made on an ellipsoid of polycrystalline gadolinium in the temperature range 78 K to 350 K. The results show that gadolinium has a large volume effect, and the volume magnetostriction is proportional to the square of the paramagnetic magnetization above the Curie point. The saturation magnetization shows an anomaly at 150 K, and becomes zero at 233 K. The contribution of the volume magnetostriction to the thermal expansion of gadolinium is shown to be too small to account for the thermal expansion anomaly except in the immediate neighbourhood of the Curie point.

Published
1958

20. Carcinoma of the cervix and tobacco smoking: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 13,541 women with carcinoma of the cervix and 23,017 women without carcinoma of the cervix from 23 epidemiological studies - International collaboration of epidemiological studies of cervical cancer

Author

Rajkumar, T, Appleby, P, Beral, V, Berrington, D, Bull, D, Crossley, B, Green, J, Reeves, G, Sweetland, S, Kjaer, S, Peto, J, Painter, R, Vessey, M, Daling, J, Madeleine, M, Ray, R, Thomas, D, Hutchinson, F, Hererro, R, Ylitalo, N, Bosch, F, Castellsague, X, Hammouda, D, and Negri, E

Published
2016

21. Structure and energetics of trivalent metal halides

Author

Hutchinson, F and Hutchinson, Francis

Subjects
Metal halides, Structure-activity relationships
Abstract

Metal trihalide (MX3) systems represent a stern challenge in terms of constructing transferable potential models. Starting from a previously published set of potentials, 'extended' ionic models are developed which, at the outset, include only anion polarization. Deficiencies in these models, particularly for smaller (highly polarizing) cations, are shown to be significant. For example, crystal structures different to those observed experimentally are adopted. The potentials are improved upon by reference to ab initio information available for alkali halides with the 'constraint' that the parameters transfer systematically in a physically transparent manner, for example, in terms of ion radii. The possible influence of anion compression ('breathing') and the relative abundance of anion-anion interactions are considered. Simulation techniques are developed to allow for the effective simulation of any system symmetry and for the study of transitions between different crystals (constant stress). The developed models are fully tested for a large range of metal trichloride (MCl3) systems. Particular attention is paid to the comparison with recent neutron and X-ray diffraction data on the liquid state. Polarization effects are shown to be vital in reproducing strong experimental features. The excellent agreement between simulation and experiment allows for differences in experimental procedures to be highlighted. The transferability is further tested by modelling mixtures of the lanthanides with alkali halides with potentials unchanged from the pure systems. The complex evolution of the melt structure is highlighted as the concentration of MCl3 increases. The effectiveness of the models is tested by reference to dynamical properties. Particular attention is paid to the comparison with Raman scattering data available for a wide range of systems and mixture concentrations. The simulated spectra are generated both by a simple molecular picture of the underlying vibrations and by a more complex (fluctuating polarizability) model in which the spectra are broken down into contributions from different mechanisms. This comparison allows for the validity of treating network-like systems as a series of 'isolated' molecules to be assessed. The transferability of the potentials is pushed to the limits by modelling metal tribromides, in which the parameters are obtained from the trichlorides by the same simple scaling arguments.

Published
2016

26. Carcinoma of the cervix and tobacco smoking: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 13,541 women with carcinoma of the cervix and 23,017 women without carcinoma of the cervix from 23 epidemiological studies - International collaboration of epidemiological studies of cervical cancer

Author

Rajkumar, T., Appleby, P., Beral, V., Berrington, Da, Bull, D., Crossley, B., Green, J., Reeves, G., Sweetland, S., Kjaer, S., Peto, J., Painter, R., Vessey, M., Daling, J., Madeleine, M., Ray, R., Thomas, D., Hutchinson, F., Hererro, R., Ylitalo, N., Bosch, Fx, Castellsague, X., Hammouda, D., Eva Negri, Santos, C., Colin, D., Franceschi, S., Munoz, N., Plummer, M., Dillner, J., Bayo, S., Chaouki, N., Rolon, P., Brinton, L., Hildesheim, A., Lacey, J., Schiffman, M., Stein, L., Hannaford, P., Chichareon, S., Sitas, F., Eluf-Neto, J., La Vecchia, C., Skegg, D., Pike, M., Ursin, G., Ngelangel, C., Farley, T., Meirik, O., Rajkumar T, Appleby P, Beral V, Berrington DA, Bull D, Crossley B, Green J, Reeves G, Sweetland S, Kjaer S, Peto J, Painter R, Vessey M, Daling J, Madeleine M, Ray R, Thomas D, Hutchinson F, Hererro R, Ylitalo N, Bosch FX, Castellsague X, Hammouda D, Negri E, Santos C, Colin D, Franceschi S, Munoz N, Plummer M, Dillner J, Bayo S, Chaouki N, Rolon P, Brinton L, Hildesheim A, Lacey J, Schiffman M, Stein L, Hannaford P, Chichareon S, Sitas F, Eluf-Neto J, La Vecchia C, Skegg D, Pike M, Ursin G, Ngelangel C, Farley T, and Meirik O

Abstract

Tobacco smoking has been classified as a cause of cervical cancer, but the effect of different patterns of smoking on risk is unclear. The International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer has brought together and combined individual data on 13,541 women with and 23,017 women without cervical carcinoma, from 23 epidemiological studies. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of carcinoma of the cervix in relation to tobacco smoking were calculated with stratification by study, age, sexual partners, age at first intercourse, oral contraceptive use and parity. Current smokers had a significantly increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix compared to never smokers (RR = 1.60 (95% CI: 1.48-1.73), p < 0.001). There was increased risk for past smokers also, though to a lesser extent (RR = 1.12 (1.01-1.25)), and there was no clear trend with time since stopping smoking (p-trend = 0.6). There was no association between smoking and adenocarcinoma of the cervix (RR = 0.89 (0.74-1.06) and 0.89 (0.72-1.10) for current and past smokers respectively), and the differences between the RRs for smoking and squamous cell and adenocarcinoma were statistically significant (current smoking p < 0.001 and past smoking p = 0.01). In current smokers, the RR of squamous cell carcinoma increased with increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day and also with younger age at starting smoking (p < 0.001 for each trend), but not with duration of smoking (p-trend = 0.3). Eight of the studies had tested women for cervical HPV-DNA, and in analyses restricted to women who tested positive, there was a significantly increased risk in current compared to never smokers for squamous cell carcinoma (RR = 1.95 (1.43-2.65)), but not for adenocarcinoma (RR = 1.06 (0.14-7.96)). In summary, smokers are at an increased risk of squamous cell but not of adenocarcinoma of the cervix. The risk of squamous cell carcinoma increases in current smokers with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and with younger age at starting smoking. (c) 2005 Wile-y-Liss. Inc. RI Eluf-Neto, Jose/B-2522-2009

Published
2006

27. Abstracts of Dutch doctoral theses

Author

Navis, G. J., Sterk, G. J., van Nispen, J. W., Hichens, M., Sauter, A., Lingeman, H., van den Beld, C. M. B., Tjaden, U. R., van der Greef, J., Desiderio, D. M., Cubbins, D. C., McMartin, C., Webb, R. L., Wennogle, L. P., Wysowskyi, H. E., Zimmerman, M. B., Lee, V. H. L., Sandow, J., Seidel, H., Schmiedel, R., Keller, Bradley T., Smith, Kevin R., Borchardt, Ronald T., Banks, W. A., Kastin, A. J., de Wied, D., DeLuca, P. P., Robinson, J. R., Lundin, S., Vilhardt, H., Saffran, M., Kumar, G. S., Neckers, D. G., Williams, F., Field, J. B., Jones, R. H., Panepinto, L., Harris, A. S., Moses, Alan C., Muranishi, S., Boddé, H. E., Ponec, M., Verhoef, J., Liversidge, Gary G., Boer, G. J., Kruisbrink, J., de Nijs, H., Bouwman, T. R. M., Eenink, M. J. D., Patel, Harish M., Bundgaard, H., Larsen, J. D., Nielsen, M. N., Buur, A., Tjadeh, U. R., Lemaire, M., Andres, H., Marbach, P., Widlund, L., Guilbaud, O., Wilton, P., van Bree, J. B. M. M., Audus, K. L., Deinum, Johanna, Norén, Karin, Sohtell, Morgan, Weström, B. R., Folkesson, H. G., Karlsson, B. W., Damge, C., Michel, C., Aprahamian, M., Couvreur, P., Puisieux, F., Touitou, E., Alhaique, F., Fisher, P., Memoli, A., Riccieri, F. M., Santucci, E., Hermens, W. A. J. J., Romei jn, S. G., Merkus, F. W. H. H., Schneider, C., Smith, T. W., Bremecker, K. -D., Hungerer, K. -D., Tabata, Y., Ikada, Y., Uno, K., Muramatsu, S., Bruning, J. W., Claas, F. H. J., Kardol, M. J., van Ree, J. M., Rust, C. J. J., Verduyn, W., Wiegant, V. M., Wolterink, G., van Hoogdalem, E. J., Heijligers-Feijen, C. D., de Boer, A. G., Breimer, D. D., Lambalk, C. B., van Kessel, H., de Koning, J., van Dieten, J. A. M. J., van Rees, G. P., Schoemaker, J., Devissaguet J. -Ph., Orieu K., Dray F., Ezan E., Devissaguet J. Ph., Drieu K., Dray P., Ezah E., Barnfield, D. J., Barker, Y. K., Knott, S., Miles, G. S., Warrander, A., Adam, H. K., Barker, Y., Hutchinson, F. G., Milsted, R. A. V., Moore, R. H., Swaisland, A. J., Barke, Y., Porter, E. T., Holmes, B., Barnard, M., Beijnen, J. H., Lubbers, S. C. H., van der Houwen, O. A. G. J., Lobbezoo, M. W., Underberg, W. J. M., Cachet, Th., Roets, E., Hoogmartens, J., Vanderhaeghe, H., de Bree, H., van der Stel, D. J. K., Brockhoff, O. A. M., van Berkel, M. P., Sierat, K., de Groot, G., Tepas, B. C. A., de Noord, O. E., Hempenius, J., Coenegracht, P. M. J., Jonkman, J. H. G., Doornbos, D. A., De Schutter, J. A., De Moerloose, P., Delbressine, L. P. C., Kaspersen, F. M., Blokland, A., Duchateau, A. L. L., Verstappen, T. A., Hendricks, P. J. H., Elferink, F, Leeuwenkamp, O R, Pinedo, H M, vd Vijgh, W J F, Ensing, K., Bloemhof, D. A., In 't Hout, W. G., de Zeeuw, R. A., Feitsma, Karla G., Drenth, Ben F. H., de Zeeuw, Rokus A., Gerding, T. K., Drenth, B. F. H., Horn, A. S., Groen, C. P., Tipker, J., van den Bergh-Swart, J. K., Spruit, F. J., van den Berg, J. H. M., Bramel, E. H. Groot, Bekers, O., Otagiri, M., Janssen, P. S. L., Nispen, J. W. v., Melgers, P. A. T. A., Zeeland, M. J. M. v., Hamelinck, R. L. A. E., Goverde, B. C., Aalst, G. W. M. v., Kootstra, P. R., van den Broek, H. H., Hogendoorn, E. A., Goewie, C. E., Kwakman, P. J. M., Brinkman, U. A. Th., Frei, R. W., de Jong, G. J., Lammers, N. G. F. M., Lammers, N., Ruijten, H. M., de Jong, J., Maessen, P. A., Mross, K. B., Plnedo, H. M., van der Vljgh, W. J. F., Khan, Naeem Hasan, Hoogmartens, J., Rose, S. V., van Bueren, L. G. D. Lammerts, van Amsterdam, P. H., van Beek, H., Baars, A. J., van Ginkel, L. A., Steinbuch, H. M., van Rossum, H. J., van Blitterswijk, H., Zoontjes, P. W., Heeft, E. v. d., de Jong, A. J. P. M., Stephany, R. W., van Gijn, R., de Clippeleir, J. J. M., Verweij, S. L., Paalman, A. C. A., van Opstal, M. A. J., Krabbenborg, P., Holthuis, J. J. M., van Bennekom, W. P., Bult, A., Redegeld, F. A. M., Houdkamp, E., van de Water, C., Haagsma, N., van der Stel, D. J. K., Vendrig, D. E. M. M., Mekking, A., and Teeuwsen, J.

Published
1988
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28. Abstracts of posters symposium disposition and delivery of peptide drugs

Author

Bundgaard, H., Larsen, J. D., Nielsen, M. N., Buur, A., Lingeman, H., Tjadeh, U. R., van den Beld, C. M. B., van der Greef, J., Lemaire, M., Andres, H., Marbach, P., Widlund, L., Guilbaud, O., Wilton, P., van Bree, J. B. M. M., Audus, K. L., Deinum, Johanna, Norén, Karin, Sohtell, Morgan, Weström, B. R., Folkesson, H. G., Lundin, S., Karlsson, B. W., E. Touitou, Alhalque, F., Fisher, P., Memoli, A., Ricciari, F. M., Santucci, E., Hermens, W. A. J. J., Romeijn, S. G., Merkus, F. W. H. M., Schneider, C., Smith, T. W., Bremecker, K. -D., Hungerer, K. -D., Tabata, Y., Ikada, Y., Uno, K., Muramatsu, S., Bruning, J. W., Class, F. J. J., Kardol, M. J., van Ree, J. H., Rust, C. J. J., Verduyn, W., Wiagant, V. M., Wolterink, G., van Hoogdalem, E. J., Heijligers-Feijen, C. D., Verhoef, J., de Boer, A. D., Breimer, D. D., Lambalk, C. B., van Kessel, H., de Koning, J., van Dieten, J. A. M. J., van Rees, G. P., Schoemaker, J., Devissaguet, J -Ph., Drieu, K., Dray, F., Ezan, E., Barnfield, D. J., Barker, Y. K., Knott, S., Miles, G. S., Warrander, A., Adam, H. K., Barker, Y., Hutchinson, F. G., Milsted, R. A. V., Moore, R. H., Swaisland, A. J., Holmes, B., Moore, R. H., Barker, Y., and Porter, E. T.

Published
1988
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37. Yale database for DNA sequence changes in mutagenesis

Author

Hutchinson, F and Donnellan, J E

Subjects
Base Sequence, Databases, Factual, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Genes, Bacterial, Mutagenesis, Genes, Fungal, Molecular Sequence Data, Animals, Humans, Sequence Analysis, DNA
Abstract

The Yale database contains sequence changes in mutations induced in a number of bacterial, mammalian and yeast genes. It contains data in electronic form on more than 17,000 mutations (July, 1994), is periodically updated, and is available without cost on Internet and on diskettes. Researchers are invited to contribute additional results; a data entry program, MUSTIN, is provided to facilitate adding new data and to minimize errors.

Published
1994

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