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76th MORS Symposium, June 2008. Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) is viewed as predominately a security issue, however the economic ramifications of an attack against a high-value target such as a container vessel, cruise ship, or petro-chemical facility elevate the problem from a national level to cause for global concern (Allen, 2008). A significant attack could cause the port to shut down and spread anxiety throughout the global marketplace. To mitigate the danger posed by maritime vessels, the United States (US) Navy, Coast Guard, and law enforcement agencies need greater maritime domain awareness, appropriate legal agreements, and partnerships. A large effort is underway to develop technologies to help maintain MDA, legal arrangements for sharing information, and guidance for military and law enforcement personnel on procedures to deal with this multi-faceted problem. In this paper, we report on the progress made in 2008 to improve the effectiveness of systems provided to the warfighter in MDA missions (including Coast Guard, law enforcement, and other agencies). In line with the theme for this year’s symposium – command and control (C2) and agility – the maritime threat environment is a complex problem with multiple variables and requires a number of agile solutions.

This archive summarizes a working paper and conference proceedings related to laser wire scanner development for the Future Linear Collider (FLC) in the years 2001 to 2006. In particular the design, setup and data taking for the laser wire experiments at PETRA II and CT2 are described. The material is focused on the activities undertaken by Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL)., Comment: 61 pages

This document addresses all persons likely to intervene on the LHC Accelerator installations, either CERN members (staff and users) or staff of contracting companies. This document aims at giving brief information on all the applicable organizational measures in matter of work planning and coordination, of general safety and radiation protection.

The AL3 systems are basic life protection and are especially important during the shutdown; there should be no point in the LHC underground areas in which a person is not or cannot be informed of the dangers around him when they exist and so take appropriate action. The implantation of the different detection and alarm systems will be reviewed and their performance and reliability examined. The need for fire doors to control released Helium will also be considered, which may have consequences for the ventilation and access systems.

The 7 TeV proton beam from the LHC ring is ejected through a long transfer line to beam dump blocks, approximately 100m downstream of the ejection septa, a series of dilution kicker magnets provide a sweeping deflection spreading the extracted beam over a 40 cm diameter area on the face of the beam dump cores. During normal operation, the quality of each dump event must be recorded and verified. The so-called â€ﾜPost-Mortem” dataset will include information from the beam dumping system (logic signals, kicker pulses…) as well as from the beam diagnostics along the extraction lines. For this purpose, profile monitors in front of the dump blocks must be permanently available during machine operation. With more than 1014 protons stored in LHC, the energy deposited in the screen becomes an issue and thermalresistant materials have to be considered. In this paper, the design of this quite unusual device is presented. The different technical options considered for the choice of the screen material are discussed first. The complete layout of the installation is then described with a special emphasis on the mechanical design, the screen assembly and the choice of the radiation-hard camera used to observe the screen.

Technological advances in solid state camera design have provided a wider choice of equipment for beam diagnostics, but following simulations of the expected radiation environment in the LHC knowledge of their radiation tolerance was required. Several cameras have been progressively exposed to a 60MeV proton beam and their performance degradation monitored. Following these results, further simulations have been carried out on the level of shielding needed to ensure satisfactory operation in the LHC.

Scraping of the SPS beam prior to extraction towards the LHC will be important in order to remove the beam tails and ensure clean injection conditions. Scrapers recuperated from the ISR were installed in the SPS for this purpose. The scrapers are associated with a two stage collimation system using collimators previously installed in LEP to reduce the irradiated area in the SPS. Tests have been performed to demonstrate that with the help of these collimators, it is possible to scrape with very little contamination outside the scraping area. Another issue was whether enough time is left for ejection towards the LHC after scraping, before repopulation of the removed tails. This was investigated with the SPS rest gas profile monitor and synchrotron radiation telescope. The system is described and the results of these tests are presented and discussed.

The light imaging system for the Beam Ionization Profile Monitor (BIPM) was designed to allow simultaneous operation of a fast Multi Anode Photo Multiplier and two new types of intensified standard resolution CCD cameras. The main reason for designing the optics was the poor resolution of the preliminary setup limiting seriously the detectors performance and the need of a second optical path for the Multi (32) Anode Photo Multiplier (MAPMT). An increase of the optical luminosity was also necessary for low intensity beams. Optimization of the optical system was done in the ZEMAX program. The imaging error was checked by comparing the ionization profile monitor continuous measurements with wire scanner measurements.

To achieve national health objectives of eliminating most childhood vaccine-preventable diseases by the year 2010, all health care providers will have to improve the immunization rates of their patients. Currently, immunization rates of children 19 to 35 months of age are less than national objectives, suggesting a need for optimized immunization services. A key strategy for improving age-appropriate immunization coverage by health care providers is the assessment of immunization coverage. Because most (62%) immunization services in the United States are delivered in the private sector, a concerted effort in private practice is critical to improving immunization rates. Assessment of immunization coverage of patients enrolled in private practice serves 1) to measure the overall performance of the practice in providing the standard of care, 2) to identify strategies for improving coverage, and 3) to document the quality of health services delivered (report card). Assessment of immunization coverage has been demonstrated in several practice settings to he highly effective in improving immunization rates. All types of physicians should benefit from assessing immunization coverage of their patients. Simple assessment tools are available at no cost to the public and can be obtained by contacting the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. These tools include a manual self-assessment or a computerized software package (CASA) to fit the needs of the practice. (J Natl Med Assoc. 2000; 92:163-168.)

A laser wire scanner is under development at CERN in the framework of the Compact Linear Collider study (CLIC). A first test has been carried out at the CLIC Test Facility II (CTF II) with the aim of developing a beam profile monitor for a low energy, high charge electron beam. In our set-up a 2.5 mJ, 1047 nm, 4 ps laser pulse interacts with a 50 MeV, 1 nC, 4 ps electron bunch. A scintillator detects up to 600 X-ray photons, with an average energy of 17 keV. In the present status of the experiment Thomson photons have been observed, but the signal to noise ratio is however still too low for an accurate profile measurement.

The CLIC study of a high-energy (0.5 - 5 TeV), high-luminosity (1034 - 1035 cm-2 sec-1) e+e- linear collider is presented. Beam acceleration using high frequency (30 GHz) normal-conducting structures operating at high accelerating fields (150 MV/m) significantly reduces the length and, in consequence, the cost of the linac. Using parameters derived from general scaling laws for linear colliders, the beam stability is shown to be similar to lower frequency designs in spite of the strong wake-field dependency on frequency. A new cost-effective and efficient drive beam generation scheme for RF power production by the so-called "Two-Beam Acceleration" method is described. It uses a thermionic gun and a fully-loaded normal-conducting linac operating at low frequency (937 MHz) to generate and accelerate the drive beam bunches, and RF multiplication by funnelling in compressor rings to produce the desired bunch structure. Recent 30 GHz hardware developments and CLIC Test Facility (CTF) results are described.

The CLIC study of a high energy (0.5 - 5 TeV), high luminosity (1034 - 1035 cm-2 sec-1) e± linear collider is presented. Beam acceleration using high frequency (30 GHz) normal-conducting structures operating at high accelerating fields (150 MV/m) significantly reduces the length and, in consequence, the cost of the linac. Based on new beam and linac parameters derived from a recently developed set of general scaling laws for linear colliders, the beam stability is shown to be similar to lower frequency designs in spite of the strong wake-field dependency on frequency. A new cost-effective and efficient drive beam generation scheme for RF power production by the so-called "Two Beam Acceleration (TBA)" method is described. It uses a thermionic gun and a fully-loaded normal-conducting linac operating at low frequency (937 MHz) to generate and accelerate the drive beam bunches, and RF multiplication by funnelling in compressor rings to produce the desired bunch structure. Recent 30 GHz hardware developments and results from the CLIC Test Facility (CTF), assessing the feasibility of the scheme, are described.

The progress of the Compact LInear Collider (CLIC) study of a multi-TeV (0.5 - 5 TeV) high-luminosity (5'1033 to 1.5'1035 cm-2 sec-1) e± linear collider based on Two-Beam Acceleration (TBA) is presented. The length and, in consequence, the cost of the overall complex is reduced by the use of high accelerating fields (150 MV/m), which are generated by specially damped 30 GHz normal-conducting accelerating structures. The large amount of RF power (400 MW/m) required to generate these high fields is provided by a novel RF power generating scheme which is potentially both cost and power efficient. After summarising the progress made in the developments of 30 GHz components and the performance obtained in the present phase of the CLIC Test Facility (CTF2), the design of a new test facility (CTF3), which will demonstrate the feasibility of the RF power generating scheme, is described

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) Test Facility (CTF II) at CERN has recently demonstrated Two-Beam power production and acceleration at 30 GHz. With 41 MW of 30 GHz power produced in 14 ns pulses at a repetition rate of 5 Hz, the main beam has been accelerated by 28 MeV with fields of 59 MV/m. The 30 GHz RF power is extracted in low impedance decelerating structures from a low-energy, high-current "drive beam" which runs parallel to the main beam. The average current in the drive-beam train is 25 A, while the peak current exceeds 2 kA. Crosschecks between measured drive-beam charge, 30 GHz power and main-beam energy gain are in good agreement. In this paper, some relevant experimental and technical issues on drive-beam generation, two-beam power production and acceleration are presented.

Since 1993 the CLIC Test Facility (CTF) has used laser-illuminated Tellurium Alkali photo-cathodes as intense electron sources (up to 50 nC in 10 ps), for the Drive Beam of a two-beam accelerator. These cathodes have been produced and tested in our photo­emission laboratory and transported under vacuum to the CTF. They are placed in a 3 GHz RF gun with a 100 MV/m electric field. This RF gun produces a train of 48 pulses, each of 13.4 nC charge and 10 ps length. The CTF Probe Beam has used air­transportable cesium iodide + germanium photo­cathodes in another RF gun, which produces a single pulse of the same duration but with only 1 nC charge. The optical damage threshold in the laser is the main limitation of energy available on the photo­cathode. From an operational point of view, the photo­cathode lifetime is defined to be the time during which the cathode is able to produce the nominal charge with the nominal laser energy. After having recalled the main characteristics of the photo-cathodes tested, this note describes in more detail the performa nce obtained in operation. The possibility of photo-cathode production at the RF gun in a simplified evaporation chamber will also be discussed.

The second phase of the Compact LInear Collider (CLIC) Test Facility (CTF II) at CERN has demon-strated the feasibility of two-beam acceleration at 30 GHz using a high-charge drive beam, running paral lel to the main beam, as the RF power source. To date accelerating gradients of 59 MV/m at 30 GHz have been achieved. In CTF II, the two beams are generated by 3 GHz RF photo-injectors and are acceler ated in 3 GHz linacs, before injection into the 30 GHz modules. The drive beam linac has to accelerate a 16 ns long train of 48 bunches, each with a nominal charge of 13.4 nC. To cope with the very su bstantial beam-loading special accelerating structures are used (running slightly off the bunch repetition frequency). A magnetic chicane compresses the bunches to less than 5 ps fwhm, this is needed for efficient 30 GHz power generation. The 30 GHz modules are fully-engineered representative sections of CLIC, they include a 30 GHz decelerator for the drive beam, a 30 GHz accelerator for the main beam, high resolution BPM's and a wire-based active align-ment system. The performance achieved so far, as well as the operational experience with the first accelerator of this type, are reported.

The CLIC study of a high energy (0.5 - 5 TeV), high luminosity (10^34 - 10^35 cm^-2 sec^-1) e± linear collider is presented. Beam acceleration using high frequency (30 GHz) normal-conducting structure s operating at high accelerating fields (100 to 200 MV/m) significantly reduces the length and, in consequence the cost of the linac. Based on new beam and linac parameters derived from a recently dev eloped set of general scaling laws for linear colliders, the beam stability is shown to be similar to lower frequency designs in spite of the strong wake-field dependency on frequency. A new cost effe ctive and very efficient drive beam generation scheme for RF power production by the so-called "Two Beam Acceleration (TBA)" method is described. It uses a conventional thermionic gun and a fully-load ed normal-conducting linac operating at low frequency (937 MHz) to generate and accelerate the drive beam bunches and RF multiplication by funneling in compressor rings to produce the desired bunch st ructure. Recent 30 GHz hardware developments and results from the CLIC Test Facility (CTF) assessing the feasibility of the scheme are described.