Search

Your search keyword '"Husum, K"' showing total 90 results
Start Over Author "Husum, K"
90 results on '"Husum, K"'

2. Climatic impacts on an Arctic lake since 1300 AD: a multi-proxy lake sediment reconstruction from Prins Karls Forland, Svalbard

Author

Orme, Lisa, Lind, E. M., Holm, T. M., Kjellman, S. E., Koinig, K. A., Hormes, A., Rosqvist, G. C., Ruppel, M., Divine, D. V., Husum, K., Miettinen, A., Isaksson, E., Orme, Lisa, Lind, E. M., Holm, T. M., Kjellman, S. E., Koinig, K. A., Hormes, A., Rosqvist, G. C., Ruppel, M., Divine, D. V., Husum, K., Miettinen, A., and Isaksson, E.

Abstract

On the remote Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, there is increasing evidence of environmental impacts from climate change. The analysis of lake sedimentary records can be used to assess how strongly these recent changes have altered lake ecosystems. Sediments deposited during the last millennium from Lake Blokkvatnet, Prins Karls Forland, were analysed using a multiproxy approach, including stable isotope and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results were interpreted as reflecting variability of (1) soil organic matter inwash, and potentially catchment and lake primary production, and (2) catchment weathering and erosion. Organic content began increasing after 1920 AD to the present, likely in response to warming. Earlier peaks of a similar magnitude occurred on three occasions since 1300 AD, with evidence indicating that these may have coincided with multidecadal-scale periods with higher temperatures, reduced sea ice and negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Catchment weathering and fluvial erosion began to increase around 1800 AD and peaked during the early twentieth century, potentially due to rising temperatures in autumn and winter causing increased liquid water availability. The records suggest that similar levels of erosion and weathering occurred between approximately 1300 and 1600 AD, spanning the transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly to the Little Ice Age.

Published
2023

9. Seasonal sea ice persists through the Holocene Thermal Maximum at 80°N

Author

Pieńkowski, A.J., Husum, K., Belt, S.T., Ninneman, U., Köseoğlu, D., Divine, D.V., Smik, L., Knies, J., Hogan, K., Noormets, R., Pieńkowski, A.J., Husum, K., Belt, S.T., Ninneman, U., Köseoğlu, D., Divine, D.V., Smik, L., Knies, J., Hogan, K., and Noormets, R.

Abstract

The cryospheric response to climatic warming responsible for recent Arctic sea ice decline can be elucidated using marine geological archives which offer an important long-term perspective. The Holocene Thermal Maximum, between 10 and 6 thousand years ago, provides an opportunity to investigate sea ice during a warmer-than-present interval. Here we use organic biomarkers and benthic foraminiferal stable isotope data from two sediment cores in the northernmost Barents Sea (>80 °N) to reconstruct seasonal sea ice between 11.7 and 9.1 thousand years ago. We identify the continued persistence of sea-ice biomarkers which suggest spring sea ice concentrations as high as 55%. During the same period, high foraminiferal oxygen stable isotopes and elevated phytoplankton biomarker concentrations indicate the influence of warm Atlantic-derived bottom water and peak biological productivity, respectively. We conclude that seasonal sea ice persisted in the northern Barents Sea during the Holocene Thermal Maximum, despite warmer-than-present conditions and Atlantic Water inflow.

Published
2021

12. Sea ice dynamics across the Mid-Pleistocene transition in the Bering Sea

Author

Detlef, H., Belt, S.T., Sosdian, S.M., Smik, L., Lear, C.H., Hall, I.R., Cabedo-Sanz, P., Husum, K., Kender, S., Detlef, H., Belt, S.T., Sosdian, S.M., Smik, L., Lear, C.H., Hall, I.R., Cabedo-Sanz, P., Husum, K., and Kender, S.

Abstract

Sea ice and associated feedback mechanisms play an important role for both long- and short-term climate change. Our ability to predict future sea ice extent, however, hinges on a greater understanding of past sea ice dynamics. Here we investigate sea ice changes in the eastern Bering Sea prior to, across, and after the Mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT). The sea ice record, based on the Arctic sea ice biomarker IP25 and related open water proxies from the International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1343, shows a substantial increase in sea ice extent across the MPT. The occurrence of late-glacial/deglacial sea ice maxima are consistent with sea ice/land ice hysteresis and land−glacier retreat via the temperature−precipitation feedback. We also identify interactions of sea ice with phytoplankton growth and ocean circulation patterns, which have important implications for glacial North Pacific Intermediate Water formation and potentially North Pacific abyssal carbon storage.

Published
2018

14. Data Descriptor: A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era

Author

Emile-Geay, J, McKay, NP, Kaufman, DS, von Gunten, L, Wang, J, Anchukaitis, KJ, Abram, NJ, Addison, JA, Curran, MAJ, Evans, MN, Henley, BJ, Hao, Z, Martrat, B, McGregor, HV, Neukom, R, Pederson, GT, Stenni, B, Thirumalai, K, Werner, JP, Xu, C, Divine, DV, Dixon, BC, Gergis, J, Mundo, IA, Nakatsuka, T, Phipps, SJ, Routson, CC, Steig, EJ, Tierney, JE, Tyler, JJ, Allen, KJ, Bertler, NAN, Bjorklund, J, Chase, BM, Chen, M-T, Cook, E, de Jong, R, DeLong, KL, Dixon, DA, Ekaykin, AA, Ersek, V, Filipsson, HL, Francus, P, Freund, MB, Frezzotti, M, Gaire, NP, Gajewski, K, Ge, Q, Goosse, H, Gornostaeva, A, Grosjean, M, Horiuchi, K, Hormes, A, Husum, K, Isaksson, E, Kandasamy, S, Kawamura, K, Kilbourne, KH, Koc, N, Leduc, G, Linderholm, HW, Lorrey, AM, Mikhalenko, V, Mortyn, PG, Motoyama, H, Moy, AD, Mulvaney, R, Munz, PM, Nash, DJ, Oerter, H, Opel, T, Orsi, AJ, Ovchinnikov, DV, Porter, TJ, Roop, HA, Saenger, C, Sano, M, Sauchyn, D, Saunders, KM, Seidenkrantz, M-S, Severi, M, Shao, X, Sicre, M-A, Sigl, M, Sinclair, K, St George, S, St Jacques, J-M, Thamban, M, Thapa, UK, Thomas, ER, Turney, C, Uemura, R, Viau, AE, Vladimirova, DO, Wahl, ER, White, JWC, Yu, Z, Zinke, J, Emile-Geay, J, McKay, NP, Kaufman, DS, von Gunten, L, Wang, J, Anchukaitis, KJ, Abram, NJ, Addison, JA, Curran, MAJ, Evans, MN, Henley, BJ, Hao, Z, Martrat, B, McGregor, HV, Neukom, R, Pederson, GT, Stenni, B, Thirumalai, K, Werner, JP, Xu, C, Divine, DV, Dixon, BC, Gergis, J, Mundo, IA, Nakatsuka, T, Phipps, SJ, Routson, CC, Steig, EJ, Tierney, JE, Tyler, JJ, Allen, KJ, Bertler, NAN, Bjorklund, J, Chase, BM, Chen, M-T, Cook, E, de Jong, R, DeLong, KL, Dixon, DA, Ekaykin, AA, Ersek, V, Filipsson, HL, Francus, P, Freund, MB, Frezzotti, M, Gaire, NP, Gajewski, K, Ge, Q, Goosse, H, Gornostaeva, A, Grosjean, M, Horiuchi, K, Hormes, A, Husum, K, Isaksson, E, Kandasamy, S, Kawamura, K, Kilbourne, KH, Koc, N, Leduc, G, Linderholm, HW, Lorrey, AM, Mikhalenko, V, Mortyn, PG, Motoyama, H, Moy, AD, Mulvaney, R, Munz, PM, Nash, DJ, Oerter, H, Opel, T, Orsi, AJ, Ovchinnikov, DV, Porter, TJ, Roop, HA, Saenger, C, Sano, M, Sauchyn, D, Saunders, KM, Seidenkrantz, M-S, Severi, M, Shao, X, Sicre, M-A, Sigl, M, Sinclair, K, St George, S, St Jacques, J-M, Thamban, M, Thapa, UK, Thomas, ER, Turney, C, Uemura, R, Viau, AE, Vladimirova, DO, Wahl, ER, White, JWC, Yu, Z, and Zinke, J

Abstract

Reproducible climate reconstructions of the Common Era (1 CE to present) are key to placing industrial-era warming into the context of natural climatic variability. Here we present a community-sourced database of temperature-sensitive proxy records from the PAGES2k initiative. The database gathers 692 records from 648 locations, including all continental regions and major ocean basins. The records are from trees, ice, sediment, corals, speleothems, documentary evidence, and other archives. They range in length from 50 to 2000 years, with a median of 547 years, while temporal resolution ranges from biweekly to centennial. Nearly half of the proxy time series are significantly correlated with HadCRUT4.2 surface temperature over the period 1850-2014. Global temperature composites show a remarkable degree of coherence between high- and low-resolution archives, with broadly similar patterns across archive types, terrestrial versus marine locations, and screening criteria. The database is suited to investigations of global and regional temperature variability over the Common Era, and is shared in the Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format, including serializations in Matlab, R and Python.

Published
2017

15. A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era

Author

Emile-Geay, J., McKay, N., Kaufman, D., Von Gunten, L., Wang, J., Anchukaitis, K., Abram, N., Addison, J., Curran, M., Evans, M., Henley, B., Hao, Z., Martrat, B., McGregor, H., Neukom, R., Pederson, G., Stenni, B., Thirumalai, K., Werner, J., Xu, C., Divine, D., Dixon, B., Gergis, J., Mundo, I., Nakatsuka, T., Phipps, S., Routson, C., Steig, E., Tierney, J., Tyler, J., Allen, K., Bertler, N., Björklund, J., Chase, B., Chen, M., Cook, E., De Jong, R., DeLong, K., Dixon, D., Ekaykin, A., Ersek, V., Filipsson, H., Francus, P., Freund, M., Frezzotti, M., Gaire, N., Gajewski, K., Ge, Q., Goosse, H., Gornostaeva, A., Grosjean, M., Horiuchi, K., Hormes, A., Husum, K., Isaksson, E., Kandasamy, S., Kawamura, K., Kilbourne, K., Koç, N., Leduc, G., Linderholm, H., Lorrey, A., Mikhalenko, V., Mortyn, P., Motoyama, H., Moy, A., Mulvaney, R., Munz, P., Nash, D., Oerter, H., Opel, T., Orsi, A., Ovchinnikov, D., Porter, T., Roop, H., Saenger, C., Sano, M., Sauchyn, D., Saunders, K., Seidenkrantz, M., Severi, M., Shao, X., Sicre, M., Sigl, M., Sinclair, K., St George, S., St Jacques, J., Thamban, M., Thapa, U., Thomas, E., Turney, C., Uemura, R., Viau, A., Vladimirova, D., Wahl, E., White, J., Yu, Z., Zinke, Jens, Emile-Geay, J., McKay, N., Kaufman, D., Von Gunten, L., Wang, J., Anchukaitis, K., Abram, N., Addison, J., Curran, M., Evans, M., Henley, B., Hao, Z., Martrat, B., McGregor, H., Neukom, R., Pederson, G., Stenni, B., Thirumalai, K., Werner, J., Xu, C., Divine, D., Dixon, B., Gergis, J., Mundo, I., Nakatsuka, T., Phipps, S., Routson, C., Steig, E., Tierney, J., Tyler, J., Allen, K., Bertler, N., Björklund, J., Chase, B., Chen, M., Cook, E., De Jong, R., DeLong, K., Dixon, D., Ekaykin, A., Ersek, V., Filipsson, H., Francus, P., Freund, M., Frezzotti, M., Gaire, N., Gajewski, K., Ge, Q., Goosse, H., Gornostaeva, A., Grosjean, M., Horiuchi, K., Hormes, A., Husum, K., Isaksson, E., Kandasamy, S., Kawamura, K., Kilbourne, K., Koç, N., Leduc, G., Linderholm, H., Lorrey, A., Mikhalenko, V., Mortyn, P., Motoyama, H., Moy, A., Mulvaney, R., Munz, P., Nash, D., Oerter, H., Opel, T., Orsi, A., Ovchinnikov, D., Porter, T., Roop, H., Saenger, C., Sano, M., Sauchyn, D., Saunders, K., Seidenkrantz, M., Severi, M., Shao, X., Sicre, M., Sigl, M., Sinclair, K., St George, S., St Jacques, J., Thamban, M., Thapa, U., Thomas, E., Turney, C., Uemura, R., Viau, A., Vladimirova, D., Wahl, E., White, J., Yu, Z., and Zinke, Jens

Abstract

Reproducible climate reconstructions of the Common Era (1 CE to present) are key to placing industrial-era warming into the context of natural climatic variability. Here we present a community-sourced database of temperature-sensitive proxy records from the PAGES2k initiative. The database gathers 692 records from 648 locations, including all continental regions and major ocean basins. The records are from trees, ice, sediment, corals, speleothems, documentary evidence, and other archives. They range in length from 50 to 2000 years, with a median of 547 years, while temporal resolution ranges from biweekly to centennial. Nearly half of the proxy time series are significantly correlated with HadCRUT4.2 surface temperature over the period 1850-2014. Global temperature composites show a remarkable degree of coherence between high- and low-resolution archives, with broadly similar patterns across archive types, terrestrial versus marine locations, and screening criteria. The database is suited to investigations of global and regional temperature variability over the Common Era, and is shared in the Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format, including serializations in Matlab, R and Python.

Published
2017

17. PREPARED Present and past flow regime. On contourite drifts west of Spitsbergen

Author

Lucchi R., Kovacevic V., Aliani S., Caburlotto A., Celussi M., Corgnati L., Cosoli S., Deponte D., Ersdal E.A., Fredriksson S., Goszczko I., Husum K., Ingrosso G., Laberg J.S., cka M., Langone L., Mansutti P., Mezgec K., Morigi C., Ponomarenko E., Realdon G., Relitti F., Robijn A., Skogseth R., and Tirelli V.

Subjects
Spitsbergen, Svalbard, drift, PREPARED, contourite
Abstract

Rapporto tecnico della campagna oceanografica PREPARED 2014 nell'ambito del progetto EU-H2020 EuroFleets 2

Published
2014

19. Holocene sub-centennial evolution of Atlantic water inflow and sea ice distribution in the western Barents Sea

Author

Berben, S. M. P., Husum, K., Cabedo-sanz, P., Belt, S. T., Berben, S. M. P., Husum, K., Cabedo-sanz, P., and Belt, S. T.

Abstract

A marine sediment core (JM09-KA11-GC) from the Kveithola Trough at the western Barents Sea margin has been investigated in order to reconstruct sub-surface temperatures and sea ice distribution at a sub-centennial resolution throughout the Holocene. The relationship between past variability of Atlantic water inflow and sea ice distribution has been established by measurement of planktic foraminifera, stable isotopes and biomarkers from sea ice diatoms and phytoplankton. Throughout the early Holocene (11 900-7300 cal yr BP), the foraminiferal fauna is dominated by the polar species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) and the biomarkers show an influence of seasonal sea ice. Between 10 900 and 10 700 cal yr BP, a clear cooling is shown both by fauna and stable isotope data corresponding to the so-called Pre-boreal Oscillation. After 7300 cal yr BP, the sub-polar Turborotalita quinqueloba becomes the most frequent species, reflecting a stable Atlantic water inflow. Sub-surface temperatures reach 6 degrees C and biomarker data indicate mainly ice-free conditions. During the last 1100 cal yr BP, biomarker abundances and distributions show the reappearance of low-frequency seasonal sea ice and the planktic fauna show a reduced salinity in the sub-surface water. No apparent temperature decrease is observed during this interval, but the rapidly fluctuating fauna and biomarker distributions indicate more unstable conditions.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Northward advection of Atlantic water in the eastern Nordic Seas over the last 3000 yr

Author

Dylmer, C. V., Giraudeau, J., Eynaud, Frederique, Husum, K., De Vernal, A., Dylmer, C. V., Giraudeau, J., Eynaud, Frederique, Husum, K., and De Vernal, A.

Abstract

Three marine sediment cores distributed along the Norwegian (MD95-2011), Barents Sea (JM09-KA11-GC), and Svalbard (HH11-134-BC) continental margins have been investigated in order to reconstruct changes in the poleward flow of Atlantic waters (AW) and in the nature of upper surface water masses within the eastern Nordic Seas over the last 3000 yr. These reconstructions are based on a limited set of coccolith proxies: the abundance ratio between Emiliania huxleyi and Coccolithus pelagicus, an index of Atlantic vs. Polar/Arctic surface water masses; and Gephyrocapsa muellerae, a drifted coccolith species from the temperate North Atlantic, whose abundance changes are related to variations in the strength of the North Atlantic Current. The entire investigated area, from 66 to 77 degrees N, was affected by an overall increase in AWflow from 3000 cal yr BP (before present) to the present. The long-term modulation of westerlies' strength and location, which are essentially driven by the dominant mode of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), is thought to explain the observed dynamics of poleward AW flow. The same mechanism also reconciles the recorded opposite zonal shifts in the location of the Arctic front between the area off western Norway and the western Barents Sea-eastern Fram Strait region. The Little Ice Age (LIA) was governed by deteriorating conditions, with Arctic/Polar waters dominating in the surface off western Svalbard and western Barents Sea, possibly associated with both severe sea ice conditions and a strongly reduced AW strength. A sudden short pulse of resumed high WSC (West Spitsbergen Current) flow interrupted this cold spell in eastern Fram Strait from 330 to 410 cal yr BP. Our dataset not only confirms the high amplitude warming of surface waters at the turn of the 19th century off western Svalbard, it also shows that such a warming was primarily induced by an excess flow of AW which stands as unprecedented over the last 3000 yr.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Improving reconstructions of Arctic sea surface temperatures and sea ice proxies: status and preliminary results

Author

Husum, K., Hald, M., Bonnet, S., Brown, Th., de Vernal, A., Giraudeau, J., Hillaire-Marcel, C., Klitgaard Kristensen, D., Koc, N., Marchitto, T., Massé, G., Spielhagen, Robert, Werner, Kirstin, Zamelczyk, K., Husum, K., Hald, M., Bonnet, S., Brown, Th., de Vernal, A., Giraudeau, J., Hillaire-Marcel, C., Klitgaard Kristensen, D., Koc, N., Marchitto, T., Massé, G., Spielhagen, Robert, Werner, Kirstin, and Zamelczyk, K.

Published
2009

41. The coccolithophores Emiliania huxleyi and Coccolithus pelagicus: extant populations from the Norwegian-Iceland Sea and Fram Strait.

Author

Dylmer, C. V., Giraudeau, J., Hanquiez, V., and Husum, K.

Subjects
COCCOLITHOPHORES, COCCOLITHUS, POPULATION dynamics, STRAITS, OCEAN currents, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, ACQUISITION of data
Abstract

Extant coccolithophores and their relation to the governing oceanographic features in the northern North Atlantic were investigated along two zonal transects of surface water sampling, both conducted during summer 2011 and fall 2007. The northern transects crossed Fram Strait and its two opposing boundary currents (West Spitsbergen Current and East Greenland Current), while the southern transects sampled the Norwegian and Iceland Seas (passing the island Jan Mayen) from the Lofoten Islands to the continental margin off Eastern Greenland. The distribution of the dominant coccolithophore species Emiliania huxleyi and Coccolithus pelagicus is discussed in view of both the surface hydrology at the time of sampling and the structure of the surface mixed layer. Remote-sensing images as well as CTD and ARGO profiles are used to constrain the physico-chemical state of the surface water at the time of sampling. Both transects were characterized by strong seasonal differences in bulk coccolithophore standing stocks with maximum values of 53 x 10³ cells L¹ for the northern transect and 72 x 10³ cells L¹ for the southern transect in fall and summer, respectively. The highest recorded bulk cell densities are essentially explained by E huxleyi. This species shows a zonal shift in peak abundance in the Norwegian-Iceland Seas from a summer maximum in the Lofoten gyre to peak cell densities around the island Jan Mayen in fall. Vertical mixing of Atlantic waters west of Lofoten Island, a phenomenom related to pervasive summer large scale atmospheric changes in the eastern Nordic Seas, on one hand, and strengthened influence of melt-water and related surface water stratification around the island Jan Mayen during fall, on the other hand, explains the observed seasonal migration of the E huxleyi peak production area, as well as the seasonal change in dominating species within the Iceland Sea. In addition our datasets are indicative of a well-defined maximum boundary temperature of 6° C for the production of C. pelagicus in the northern North Atlantic. The Fram Strait transects provides, to our knowledge, a first view of the zonal distribution of extant coccolithophores in this remote setting during summer and fall. Our datasets are indicative of a seasonal change in the species community from an E hux-leyi-dominated assemblage during summer to a C. pelagicus-rich population during fall. Here, higher irradiance and increased Atlantic water influence during summer favored the production of the opportunistic species E huxleyi close to the Arctic Front, whereas the peak production area during fall, with high concentrations of C. pelagicus, lays in true Arctic/Polar waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Holocene sub centennial evolution of Atlantic water inflow and sea ice distribution in the western Barents Sea.

Author

Berben, S. M. P., Husum, K., Cabedo-Sanz, P., and Belt, S. T.

Abstract

In order to elucidate a continuous Holocene high resolution record of past variability of Atlantic water inflow and sea ice distribution, we investigate in this study a marine sediment core (JM09-KA11-GC) from the Kveithola Trough, western Barents Sea margin which is influenced by the north flowing North Atlantic Current (NAC). The depth-age model for JM09-KA11-GC was constructed from 9 14C AMS dates and shows sediment accumulation rates from 0.04 to 0.67 mmyr-1, enabling a sub centennial resolution for most of the core. Planktic foraminifera, stable isotopes and biomarkers from sea ice diatoms and phytoplankton were analysed in order to reconstruct subsurface temperatures and sea ice distribution. Throughout the early part of the Holocene (11 900-6900 cal yr BP), the foraminiferal fauna is dominated by the polar Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) and the biomarkers show an influence of seasonal sea ice. Between 11 300 and 11 100 cal yrBP, a clear cooling is shown both by fauna and stable isotope data corresponding to the so-called Preboreal Oscillation. After 6900 cal yrBP the subpolar Turborotalita quinqueloba becomes the most frequent species, reflecting a stable Atlantic water inflow. Subsurface temperatures reach 6 °C and biomarker content indicates open water with mainly ice-free conditions. During the last 1100 cal yrBP, biomarker abundances and distributions show the re-appearance of low frequency seasonal sea ice and the planktic fauna show a reduced salinity in the subsurface water. No apparent temperature decrease is observed during this interval, but the rapidly fluctuating fauna and biomarker distributions indicate more unstable conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Reconstruction of Atlantic Water variability during the Holocene in the western Barents Sea.

Author

Groot, D. E., Aagaard-Sørensen, S., and Husum, K.

Abstract

The gravity core JM09-KA11-GC from 345m water depth on the western Barents Sea margin was investigated for distribution patterns of benthic foraminifera, stable isotopes, and sedimentological parameters to reconstruct the flow of Atlantic Water during the Holocene. The core site is located below the Atlantic water masses flowing into the Arctic Ocean and close to the Arctic Front. The results show continuous presence of Atlantic Water at the margin throughout the Holocene. During the Early Holocene, (11 700-9400 cal yr BP), bottom water temperatures rose by 2.5 °C due to the increased influence of Atlantic Water, although sea-ice was still present at this time. The transition to the Mid Holocene is characterized by a local shift in current regime, resulting in a ceased supply of fine-grained material to the core location. Throughout the Mid Holocene the δ18O values indicate a slight cooling, thereby following changes in insolation. In the last 1500 yr, inflow of Atlantic Water increased but was interrupted by periods of increased influence of Arctic Water causing periodically colder and more unstable conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era

Author

Dmitry Divine, Dmitriy V. Ovchinnikov, Hugues Goosse, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Anne Hormes, Narayan Prasad Gaire, Joelle Gergis, Katrine Husum, David J. Nash, Konrad Gajewski, Jens Zinke, Vladimir Mikhalenko, Darrell S. Kaufman, Eugene R. Wahl, Martin Grosjean, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Pierre Francus, Anastasia Gornostaeva, Diana Vladimirova, Kaustubh Thirumalai, Lucien von Gunten, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Michael Sigl, Ryu Uemura, Michael N. Evans, Hideaki Motoyama, Scott St. George, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Chris S. M. Turney, Johannes P. Werner, Robert Mulvaney, Jianghao Wang, Brian M. Chase, Mark A. J. Curran, Julien Emile-Geay, Takeshi Nakatsuka, David J. Sauchyn, Nerilie J. Abram, Bronwyn C. Dixon, Raphael Neukom, Cody C. Routson, Trevor J. Porter, Selvaraj Kandasamy, Mirko Severi, Massimo Frezzotti, Steven J. Phipps, Hans W. Linderholm, A. E. Viau, P. Graham Mortyn, Jessica E. Tierney, Eric J. Steig, Heidi A. Roop, K. Halimeda Kilbourne, Jason A. Addison, Jonathan J. Tyler, Mandy Freund, Daniel A. Dixon, Belen Martrat, Chenxi Xu, Krystyna M. Saunders, Min Te Chen, Xuemei Shao, Vasile Ersek, Philipp Munz, Hans Oerter, Masaki Sano, Zhixin Hao, Meloth Thamban, Alexey A. Ekaykin, Barbara Stenni, Kazuho Horiuchi, Ignacio A. Mundo, Zicheng Yu, Gregory T. Pederson, James W. C. White, Nalan Koc, Elisabeth Isaksson, Kathryn Allen, Rixt de Jong, Jeannine-Marie St. Jacques, Andrew Lorrey, Guillaume Leduc, Quansheng Ge, Kristine L. DeLong, Kenji Kawamura, Anais Orsi, Thomas Opel, Edward R. Cook, Kate E. Sinclair, Benjamin J. Henley, Nicholas P. McKay, Helen McGregor, Andrew D. Moy, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Jesper Björklund, Helena L. Filipsson, Udya Kuwar Thapa, Casey Saenger, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Australian National University (ANU), United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Spanish National Research Council [Madrid] (CSIC), School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Sydney] (BEES), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Climate Change Institute (CCI), University of Maine, University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], Lund University [Lund], Centre Eau Terre Environnement - INRS (INRS-ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Quaternary Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Norwegian Polar Institute, Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Abteilung Klinische Sozialmedizin, Berufs- und Umweltdermatologie, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Chemistry, University of Florence (UNIFI), Biogéochimie-Traceurs-Paléoclimat (BTP), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), University of the Ryukyus [Okinawa], Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), PAGES 2k, Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, University of Oxford, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Climate Change Institute [Orono] (CCI), Centre Eau Terre Environnement [Québec] (INRS - ETE), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Emile-Geay, J., Mckay, N. P., Kaufman, D. S., Von Gunten, L., Wang, Junrong, Anchukaitis, K. J., Abram, N. J., Addison, J. A., Curran, M. A. J., Evans, M. N., Henley, B. J., Hao, Z., Martrat, B., Mcgregor, H. V., Neukom, R., Pederson, G. T., Stenni, B., Thirumalai, K., Werner, J. P., Xu, C., Divine, D. V., Dixon, B. C., Gergis, J., Mundo, I. A., Nakatsuka, T., Phipps, S. J., Routson, C. C., Steig, E. J., Tierney, J. E., Tyler, J. J., Allen, K. J., Bertler, N. A. N., Bjorklund, J., Chase, B. M., Chen, M. -T., Cook, E., De Jong, R., Delong, K. L., Dixon, D. A., Ekaykin, A. A., Ersek, V., Filipsson, H. L., Francus, P., Freund, M. B., Frezzotti, M., Gaire, N. P., Gajewski, K., Ge, Q., Goosse, H., Gornostaeva, A., Grosjean, M., Horiuchi, K., Hormes, A., Husum, K., Isaksson, E., Kandasamy, S., Kawamura, K., Kilbourne, K. H., Koc, N., Leduc, G., Linderholm, H. W., Lorrey, A. M., Mikhalenko, V., Mortyn, P. G., Motoyama, H., Moy, A. D., Mulvaney, R., Munz, P. M., Nash, D. J., Oerter, H., Opel, T., Orsi, A. J., Ovchinnikov, D. V., Porter, T. J., Roop, H. A., Saenger, C., Sano, M., Sauchyn, D., Saunders, K. M., Seidenkrantz, M. -S., Severi, M., Shao, X., Sicre, M. -A., Sigl, M., Sinclair, K., St George, S., St Jacques, J. -M., Thamban, M., Thapa, U. K., Thomas, E. R., Turney, C., Uemura, R., Viau, A. E., Vladimirova, D. O., Wahl, E. R., White, J. W. C., Yu, Z., Zinke, J., École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate

Subjects
Data Descriptor, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Mathematics: 410::Statistics: 412, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Matematikk: 410::Statistikk: 412, F800, computer.software_genre, Palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), CECI [CISM], calcification, data integration objective, Climate change, trace metal analysis, 910 Geography & travel, geography.geographical_feature_category, Database, G500, data acquisition system, temperature of environmental material, Computer Science Applications, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Temperature reconstruction, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Tree ring, Geology, wood, Information Systems, Statistics and Probability, glacial ice, radiance, 010506 paleontology, observation design, Library and Information Sciences, archaeal metabolite, Education, time series design, stable isotope analysis, Dendrochronology, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Global temperature, Glacier, 15. Life on land, Sea surface temperature, sediment, 13. Climate action, North Atlantic oscillation, Oceanic basin, computer
Abstract

Reproducible climate reconstructions of the Common Era (1 CE to present) are key to placing industrial-era warming into the context of natural climatic variability. Here we present a community-sourced database of temperature-sensitive proxy records from the PAGES2k initiative. The database gathers 692 records from 648 locations, including all continental regions and major ocean basins. The records are from trees, ice, sediment, corals, speleothems, documentary evidence, and other archives. They range in length from 50 to 2000 years, with a median of 547 years, while temporal resolution ranges from biweekly to centennial. Nearly half of the proxy time series are significantly correlated with HadCRUT4.2 surface temperature over the period 1850-2014. Global temperature composites show a remarkable degree of coherence between high- and low-resolution archives, with broadly similar patterns across archive types, terrestrial versus marine locations, and screening criteria. The database is suited to investigations of global and regional temperature variability over the Common Era, and is shared in the Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format, including serializations in Matlab, R and Python., PAGES, a core project of Future Earth, is supported by the U.S. and Swiss National Science Foundations. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Some of this work was conducted as part of the North America 2k Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. B. Bauer, W. Gross, and E. Gille (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information) are gratefully acknowledged for helping assemble the data citations and creating the NCEI versions of the PAGES 2k data records. We thank all the investigators whose commitment to data sharing enables the open science ethos embodied by this project.

Published
2017

45. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry selected reaction monitoring analyses of mono-, di- and tri-unsaturated C 25 highly branched isoprenoid alkene biomarkers in sea ice and sediment samples: A comparative study.

Author

Rontani JF, Smik L, Divine D, Husum K, and Belt ST

Subjects
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry methods, Alkenes analysis, Ice Cover, Biomarkers analysis, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Terpenes analysis
Abstract

Rationale: The efficiency of selected ion monitoring (SIM) and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) analyses for the quantification of three mono-, di- and tri-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes (IP 25 , IPSO 25 and HBI III, respectively), often used as proxies for the occurrence of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice or the adjacent open waters, was compared., Methods: Gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS)/SIM and GC/MS/MS/SRM analyses were carried out on dilute solutions made from purified standards of these three HBIs, and then on hydrocarbon fractions of several sediment and sea ice sample extracts. More efficient and specific SRM transitions were selected after collision-induced dissociation of each precursor ion at different collision energies., Results: SRM analysis avoided any overestimation of IP 25 resulting from the contribution of the coeluting 13 C mass isotopomer of IPSO 25 (M + ˙ + 2) to the SIM target ion. In contrast, SRM analysis is less reliable for IPSO 25 quantification in cases where several regio-isomers are present, likely due to intense double bond migrations following electron impact. In the case of HBI III, SRM analysis constitutes a potentially suitable alternative to SIM analysis, especially in terms of improving limit of detection., Conclusions: Despite the intense migrations of HBI double bonds under electron ionization, the selected SRM transitions should be more suitable than SIM target ions for IP 25 and HBI III quantification in complex hydrocarbon fractions of natural samples. However, the advantage is less evident for IPSO 25 due to the presence of numerous regio-isomers., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Anthropogenic particles in sediment from an Arctic fjord.

Author

Collard F, Husum K, Eppe G, Malherbe C, Hallanger IG, Divine DV, and Gabrielsen GW

Abstract

The research on plastic pollution is increasing worldwide but little is known about the contamination levels in the Arctic by microplastics and other anthropogenic particles (APs) such as dyed fibres. In this study, two different sampling designs were developed to collect 68 sediment subsamples in five locations in a remote Arctic fjord, Kongsfjorden, northwest of Svalbard. Those five stations composed a transect from a sewage outlet recently installed close to the northernmost settlement, Ny-Ålesund, to an offshore site. Plastics and other APs were extracted by density separation and analysed by both Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Among the 37 APs found, 19 were microplastics. The others were classified as APs due to the presence of a dye or another additive. On average, 0.33 AP 100 g -1 were found in the surface sediment and their sizes ranged between 0.10 and 6.31 mm. The site most polluted by APs was located at the mouth of the fjord while the less polluted ones were the offshore and the outlet sites. We believe that currents in the fjord have carried APs towards the mouth of the fjord where an eddy could retain APs which might sink the seafloor due to various reasons (ingestion & packaging, fouling-induced changes in buoyancy). In the cores, several different APs were found down to a depth of 12 cm. These APs may have been present in the sediments for decades or been transported deeper by biota. Here we provided data on plastic but also on other anthropogenic particles from a remote fjord in Svalbard., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Sea ice and primary production proxies in surface sediments from a High Arctic Greenland fjord: Spatial distribution and implications for palaeoenvironmental studies.

Author

Ribeiro S, Sejr MK, Limoges A, Heikkilä M, Andersen TJ, Tallberg P, Weckström K, Husum K, Forwick M, Dalsgaard T, Massé G, Seidenkrantz MS, and Rysgaard S

Subjects
Carbon analysis, Carbon chemistry, Carbon Cycle, Climate Change, Estuaries, Ecological Parameter Monitoring, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Ice Cover
Abstract

In order to establish a baseline for proxy-based reconstructions for the Young Sound-Tyrolerfjord system (Northeast Greenland), we analysed the spatial distribution of primary production and sea ice proxies in surface sediments from the fjord, against monitoring data from the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Programme. Clear spatial gradients in organic carbon and biogenic silica contents reflected marine influence, nutrient availability and river-induced turbidity, in good agreement with in situ measurements. The sea ice proxy IP 25 was detected at all sites but at low concentrations, indicating that IP 25 records from fjords need to be carefully considered and not directly compared to marine settings. The sea ice-associated biomarker HBI III revealed an open-water signature, with highest concentrations near the mid-July ice edge. This proxy evaluation is an important step towards reliable palaeoenvironmental reconstructions that will, ultimately, contribute to better predictions for this High Arctic ecosystem in a warming climate.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Benthic foraminifera as bio-indicators of chemical and physical stressors in Hammerfest harbor (Northern Norway).

Author

Dijkstra N, Junttila J, Skirbekk K, Carroll J, Husum K, and Hald M

Subjects
Biodiversity, Foraminifera classification, Norway, Environmental Monitoring methods, Estuaries, Foraminifera drug effects, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Metals, Heavy analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
Abstract

We investigated benthic foraminiferal assemblages in contaminated sediments in a subarctic harbor of Northern Norway to assess their utility as indicators of anthropogenic impacts. Sediments in the harbor are repositories for POPs and heavy metals supplied through discharges from industry and shipping activities. Sediment contaminant concentrations are at moderate to poor ecological quality status (EcoQS) levels. The EcoQS based on benthic foraminiferal diversity reflects a similar trend to the EcoQS based on contaminant concentrations. Foraminiferal density and diversity is low throughout the harbor with distinct assemblages reflecting influence of physical disturbances or chemical stressors. Assemblages impacted by physical disturbance are dominated by L. lobatula and E. excavatum, while assemblages impacted by chemical stressors are dominated by opportunistic species S. fusiformis, S. biformis, B. spathulata and E. excavatum. The foraminiferal assemblage from an un-impacted nearby fjord consists mainly of agglutinated taxa. These assemblages provides a valuable baseline of the ecological impacts of industrialization in northern coastal communities., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Baseline benthic foraminiferal assemblages and habitat conditions in a sub-Arctic region of increasing petroleum development.

Author

Dijkstra N, Junttila J, Carroll J, Husum K, Hald M, Elvebakk G, and Godtliebsen F

Subjects
Aquatic Organisms, Arctic Regions, Carbon analysis, Cluster Analysis, Environment, Extraction and Processing Industry, Metals analysis, Petroleum, Principal Component Analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Ecosystem, Foraminifera physiology, Geologic Sediments analysis
Abstract

The aim of this study is to establish pre-impact baseline conditions for an Arctic region where petroleum activities are projected to increase in the coming decades. We characterize the spatial distribution of living benthic foraminifera in the Tromsøflaket-Ingøydjupet region of the Barents Sea and relate this to sediment properties and their associated metal concentrations. Metal concentrations of the sediments did not exceed threshold levels of harmful environmental effects, indicating that the area exhibits pre-impact baseline conditions. Foraminiferal assemblages reflect the pristine environment. Epifaunal species dominate in Tromsøflaket, a high energy environment characterized by coarse grained sediments. Infaunal species dominate in Ingøydjupet, a low energy environment characterized by fine grained sediments. Metal concentrations were slightly elevated in the fine grained sediments from Ingøydjupet which suggest that these areas may in the future serve as trapping zones for contaminants associated with discharges from nearby petroleum sites., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Enhanced modern heat transfer to the Arctic by warm Atlantic Water.

Author

Spielhagen RF, Werner K, Sørensen SA, Zamelczyk K, Kandiano E, Budeus G, Husum K, Marchitto TM, and Hald M

Abstract

The Arctic is responding more rapidly to global warming than most other areas on our planet. Northward-flowing Atlantic Water is the major means of heat advection toward the Arctic and strongly affects the sea ice distribution. Records of its natural variability are critical for the understanding of feedback mechanisms and the future of the Arctic climate system, but continuous historical records reach back only ~150 years. Here, we present a multidecadal-scale record of ocean temperature variations during the past 2000 years, derived from marine sediments off Western Svalbard (79°N). We find that early-21st-century temperatures of Atlantic Water entering the Arctic Ocean are unprecedented over the past 2000 years and are presumably linked to the Arctic amplification of global warming.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results