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2. Overview paper: New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan PD, Leaitch, W Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A, Bertram, Allan K, Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel YW, Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P, Christensen, Robert J, Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B, Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J, Fletcher, Christopher G, Galí, Martí, Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J, Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B, Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E, Keita, Setigui A, Kodros, John K, Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A, Law, Kathy, Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M, Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V, Mason, Ryan H, Miller, Lisa A, Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L, Murphy, Jennifer G, Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T, Pierce, Jeffrey R, Russell, Lynn M, Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M, Steiner, Nadja S, Thomas, Jennie L, von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy JB, Willis, Megan D, Wentworth, Gregory R, Xu, Jun-Wei, and Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D

Subjects
Climate Action, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013. (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water (up to 75 nM) and the overlying atmosphere (up to 1 ppbv) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source (with DMS concentrations of up to 6 nM and a potential contribution to atmospheric DMS of 20 % in the study area). (2) Evidence of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer was found in the CAA in the summertime, with these events observed on 41 % of days in a 2016 cruise. As well, at Alert, Nunavut, particles that are newly formed and grown under conditions of minimal anthropogenic influence during the months of July and August are estimated to contribute 20 % to 80 % of the 30-50 nm particle number density. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from seabird-colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene and monoterpenes) were low, whereas elevated mixing ratios of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) were inferred to arise via processes involving the sea surface microlayer. (3) The variability in the vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) under both springtime Arctic haze and more pristine summertime aerosol conditions was observed. Measured particle size distributions and mixing states were used to constrain, for the first time, calculations of aerosol-climate interactions under Arctic conditions. Aircraft- and ground-based measurements were used to better establish the BC source regions that supply the Arctic via long-range transport mechanisms, with evidence for a dominant springtime contribution from eastern and southern Asia to the middle troposphere, and a major contribution from northern Asia to the surface. (4) Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic indicate that a major source of these particles is mineral dust, likely derived from local sources in the summer and long-range transport in the spring. In addition, INPs are abundant in the sea surface microlayer in the Arctic, and possibly play a role in ice nucleation in the atmosphere when mineral dust concentrations are low. (5) Amongst multiple aerosol components, BC was observed to have the smallest effective deposition velocities to high Arctic snow (0.03 cm s1).

Published
2019

3. New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan PD, Leaitch, W Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A, Bertram, Alan K, Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel YW, Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P, Christensen, Robert J, Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B, Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J, Fletcher, Christopher G, Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J, Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B, Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E, Keita, Setigui A, Kodros, John K, Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A, Law, Kathy, Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M, Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V, Mason, Ryan H, Miller, Lisa A, Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L, Murphy, Jennifer G, Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T, Pierce, Jeffrey R, Russell, Lynn M, Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M, Steiner, Nadja S, Galí, Martí, Thomas, Jennie L, von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy JB, Willis, Megan D, Wentworth, Gregory R, Xu, Jun-Wei, and Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Action, Life Below Water, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change science
Abstract

Abstract. Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013 . (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water and the overlying atmosphere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source. (2) Evidence was found of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer in the CAA in the summertime. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from sea bird colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic material (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene and monoterpenes) were low, whereas elevated mixing ratios of oxygenated volatile organic compounds were inferred to arise via processes involving the sea surface microlayer. (3) The variability in the vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) under both springtime Arctic haze and more pristine summertime aerosol conditions was observed. Measured particle size distributions and mixing states were used to constrain, for the first time, calculations of aerosol–climate interactions under Arctic conditions. Aircraft- and ground-based measurements were used to better establish the BC source regions that supply the Arctic via long-range transport mechanisms. (4) Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic indicate that a major source of these particles is mineral dust, likely derived from local sources in the summer and long-range transport in the spring. In addition, INPs are abundant in the sea surface microlayer in the Arctic, and possibly play a role in ice nucleation in the atmosphere when mineral dust concentrations are low. (5) Amongst multiple aerosol components, BC was observed to have the smallest effective deposition velocities to high Arctic snow.

Published
2018

4. Nunataryuk field campaigns: understanding the origin and fate of terrestrial organic matter in the coastal waters of the Mackenzie Delta region

Author

Lizotte, Martine, primary, Juhls, Bennet, additional, Matsuoka, Atsushi, additional, Massicotte, Philippe, additional, Mével, Gaëlle, additional, Anikina, David Obie James, additional, Antonova, Sofia, additional, Bécu, Guislain, additional, Béguin, Marine, additional, Bélanger, Simon, additional, Bossé-Demers, Thomas, additional, Bröder, Lisa, additional, Bruyant, Flavienne, additional, Chaillou, Gwénaëlle, additional, Comte, Jérôme, additional, Couture, Raoul-Marie, additional, Devred, Emmanuel, additional, Deslongchamps, Gabrièle, additional, Dezutter, Thibaud, additional, Dillon, Miles, additional, Doxaran, David, additional, Flamand, Aude, additional, Fell, Frank, additional, Ferland, Joannie, additional, Forget, Marie-Hélène, additional, Fritz, Michael, additional, Gordon, Thomas J., additional, Guilmette, Caroline, additional, Hilborn, Andrea, additional, Hussherr, Rachel, additional, Irish, Charlotte, additional, Joux, Fabien, additional, Kipp, Lauren, additional, Laberge-Carignan, Audrey, additional, Lantuit, Hugues, additional, Leymarie, Edouard, additional, Mannino, Antonio, additional, Maury, Juliette, additional, Overduin, Paul, additional, Oziel, Laurent, additional, Stedmon, Colin, additional, Thomas, Crystal, additional, Tisserand, Lucas, additional, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, additional, Vonk, Jorien, additional, Whalen, Dustin, additional, and Babin, Marcel, additional

Published
2023
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5. Nunataryuk field campaigns: understanding the origin and fate of terrestrial organic matter in the coastal waters of the Mackenzie Delta region

Author

Lizotte, Martine, Juhls, Bennet, Matsuoka, Atsushi, Massicotte, Philippe, Mével, Gaëlle, Anikina, David Obie James, Antonova, Sofia, Bécu, Guislain, Béguin, Marine, Bélanger, Simon, Bossé-Demers, Thomas, Bröder, Lisa, Bruyant, Flavienne, Chaillou, Gwénaëlle, Comte, Jérôme, Couture, Raoul-Marie, Devred, Emmanuel, Deslongchamps, Gabrièle, Dezutter, Thibaud, Dillon, Miles, Doxaran, David, Flamand, Aude, Fell, Frank, Ferland, Joannie, Forget, Marie-Hélène, Fritz, Michael, Gordon, Thomas J, Guilmette, Caroline, Hilborn, Andrea, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Charlotte, Joux, Fabien, Kipp, Lauren, Laberge-Carignan, Audrey, Lantuit, Hugues, Leymarie, Edouard, Mannino, Antonio, Maury, Juliette, Overduin, Paul, Oziel, Laurent, Stedmon, Colin, Thomas, Crystal, Tisserand, Lucas, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, Vonk, Jorien, Whalen, Dustin, Babin, Marcel, Lizotte, Martine, Juhls, Bennet, Matsuoka, Atsushi, Massicotte, Philippe, Mével, Gaëlle, Anikina, David Obie James, Antonova, Sofia, Bécu, Guislain, Béguin, Marine, Bélanger, Simon, Bossé-Demers, Thomas, Bröder, Lisa, Bruyant, Flavienne, Chaillou, Gwénaëlle, Comte, Jérôme, Couture, Raoul-Marie, Devred, Emmanuel, Deslongchamps, Gabrièle, Dezutter, Thibaud, Dillon, Miles, Doxaran, David, Flamand, Aude, Fell, Frank, Ferland, Joannie, Forget, Marie-Hélène, Fritz, Michael, Gordon, Thomas J, Guilmette, Caroline, Hilborn, Andrea, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Charlotte, Joux, Fabien, Kipp, Lauren, Laberge-Carignan, Audrey, Lantuit, Hugues, Leymarie, Edouard, Mannino, Antonio, Maury, Juliette, Overduin, Paul, Oziel, Laurent, Stedmon, Colin, Thomas, Crystal, Tisserand, Lucas, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, Vonk, Jorien, Whalen, Dustin, and Babin, Marcel

Abstract

Climate warming and related drivers of soil thermal change in the Arctic are expected to modify the distribution and dynamics of carbon contained in perennially frozen grounds. Thawing of permafrost in the Mackenzie River watershed of northwestern Canada, coupled with increases in river discharge and coastal erosion, triggers the release of terrestrial organic matter (OMt) from the largest Arctic drainage basin in North America into the Arctic Ocean. While this process is ongoing and its rate is accelerating, the fate of the newly mobilized organic matter as it transits from the watershed through the delta and into the marine system remains poorly understood. In the framework of the European Horizon 2020 Nunataryuk programme, and as part of the Work Package 4 (WP4) Coastal Waters theme, four field expeditions were conducted in the Mackenzie Delta region and southern Beaufort Sea from April to September 2019. The temporal sampling design allowed the survey of ambient conditions in the coastal waters under full ice cover prior to the spring freshet, during ice breakup in summer, and anterior to the freeze-up period in fall. To capture the fluvial-marine transition zone, and with distinct challenges related to shallow waters and changing seasonal and meteorological conditions, the field sampling was conducted in close partnership with members of the communities of Aklavik, Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk, using several platforms, namely helicopters, snowmobiles, and small boats. Water column profiles of physical and optical variables were measured in situ, while surface water, groundwater, and sediment samples were collected and preserved for the determination of the composition and sources of OMt, including particulate and dissolved organic carbon (POC and DOC), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), as well as a suite of physical, chemical, and biological variables. Here we present an overview of the standardized datasets, including hydrographic profiles, remote sensing

Published
2023

6. Nunataryuk field campaigns:understanding the origin and fate of terrestrial organic matter in the coastal waters of the Mackenzie Delta region

Author

Lizotte, Martine, Juhls, Bennet, Matsuoka, Atsushi, Massicotte, Philippe, Mével, Gaëlle, Anikina, David Obie James, Antonova, Sofia, Bécu, Guislain, Béguin, Marine, Bélanger, Simon, Bossé-Demers, Thomas, Bröder, Lisa, Bruyant, Flavienne, Chaillou, Gwénaëlle, Comte, Jérôme, Couture, Raoul Marie, Devred, Emmanuel, Deslongchamps, Gabrièle, Dezutter, Thibaud, Dillon, Miles, Doxaran, David, Flamand, Aude, Fell, Frank, Ferland, Joannie, Forget, Marie Hélène, Fritz, Michael, Gordon, Thomas J., Guilmette, Caroline, Hilborn, Andrea, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Charlotte, Joux, Fabien, Kipp, Lauren, Laberge-Carignan, Audrey, Lantuit, Hugues, Leymarie, Edouard, Mannino, Antonio, Maury, Juliette, Overduin, Paul, Oziel, Laurent, Stedmon, Colin, Thomas, Crystal, Tisserand, Lucas, Tremblay, Jean Éric, Vonk, Jorien, Whalen, Dustin, Babin, Marcel, Lizotte, Martine, Juhls, Bennet, Matsuoka, Atsushi, Massicotte, Philippe, Mével, Gaëlle, Anikina, David Obie James, Antonova, Sofia, Bécu, Guislain, Béguin, Marine, Bélanger, Simon, Bossé-Demers, Thomas, Bröder, Lisa, Bruyant, Flavienne, Chaillou, Gwénaëlle, Comte, Jérôme, Couture, Raoul Marie, Devred, Emmanuel, Deslongchamps, Gabrièle, Dezutter, Thibaud, Dillon, Miles, Doxaran, David, Flamand, Aude, Fell, Frank, Ferland, Joannie, Forget, Marie Hélène, Fritz, Michael, Gordon, Thomas J., Guilmette, Caroline, Hilborn, Andrea, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Charlotte, Joux, Fabien, Kipp, Lauren, Laberge-Carignan, Audrey, Lantuit, Hugues, Leymarie, Edouard, Mannino, Antonio, Maury, Juliette, Overduin, Paul, Oziel, Laurent, Stedmon, Colin, Thomas, Crystal, Tisserand, Lucas, Tremblay, Jean Éric, Vonk, Jorien, Whalen, Dustin, and Babin, Marcel

Abstract

Climate warming and related drivers of soil thermal change in the Arctic are expected to modify the distribution and dynamics of carbon contained in perennially frozen grounds. Thawing of permafrost in the Mackenzie River watershed of northwestern Canada, coupled with increases in river discharge and coastal erosion, triggers the release of terrestrial organic matter (OMt) from the largest Arctic drainage basin in North America into the Arctic Ocean. While this process is ongoing and its rate is accelerating, the fate of the newly mobilized organic matter as it transits from the watershed through the delta and into the marine system remains poorly understood. In the framework of the European Horizon 2020 Nunataryuk programme, and as part of the Work Package 4 (WP4) Coastal Waters theme, four field expeditions were conducted in the Mackenzie Delta region and southern Beaufort Sea from April to September 2019. The temporal sampling design allowed the survey of ambient conditions in the coastal waters under full ice cover prior to the spring freshet, during ice breakup in summer, and anterior to the freeze-up period in fall. To capture the fluvial-marine transition zone, and with distinct challenges related to shallow waters and changing seasonal and meteorological conditions, the field sampling was conducted in close partnership with members of the communities of Aklavik, Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk, using several platforms, namely helicopters, snowmobiles, and small boats. Water column profiles of physical and optical variables were measured in situ, while surface water, groundwater, and sediment samples were collected and preserved for the determination of the composition and sources of OMt, including particulate and dissolved organic carbon (POC and DOC), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), as well as a suite of physical, chemical, and biological variables. Here we present an overview of the standardized datasets, including hydrographic profiles, remote sens

Published
2023

7. The Green Edge cruise: investigating the marginal ice zone processes during late spring and early summer to understand the fate of the Arctic phytoplankton bloom

Author

Bruyant, Flavienne, primary, Amiraux, Rémi, additional, Amyot, Marie-Pier, additional, Archambault, Philippe, additional, Artigue, Lise, additional, Barbedo de Freitas, Lucas, additional, Bécu, Guislain, additional, Bélanger, Simon, additional, Bourgain, Pascaline, additional, Bricaud, Annick, additional, Brouard, Etienne, additional, Brunet, Camille, additional, Burgers, Tonya, additional, Caleb, Danielle, additional, Chalut, Katrine, additional, Claustre, Hervé, additional, Cornet-Barthaux, Véronique, additional, Coupel, Pierre, additional, Cusa, Marine, additional, Cusset, Fanny, additional, Dadaglio, Laeticia, additional, Davelaar, Marty, additional, Deslongchamps, Gabrièle, additional, Dimier, Céline, additional, Dinasquet, Julie, additional, Dumont, Dany, additional, Else, Brent, additional, Eulaers, Igor, additional, Ferland, Joannie, additional, Filteau, Gabrielle, additional, Forget, Marie-Hélène, additional, Fort, Jérome, additional, Fortier, Louis, additional, Galí, Martí, additional, Gallinari, Morgane, additional, Garbus, Svend-Erik, additional, Garcia, Nicole, additional, Gérikas Ribeiro, Catherine, additional, Gombault, Colline, additional, Gourvil, Priscilla, additional, Goyens, Clémence, additional, Grant, Cindy, additional, Grondin, Pierre-Luc, additional, Guillot, Pascal, additional, Hillion, Sandrine, additional, Hussherr, Rachel, additional, Joux, Fabien, additional, Joy-Warren, Hannah, additional, Joyal, Gabriel, additional, Kieber, David, additional, Lafond, Augustin, additional, Lagunas, José, additional, Lajeunesse, Patrick, additional, Lalande, Catherine, additional, Larivière, Jade, additional, Le Gall, Florence, additional, Leblanc, Karine, additional, Leblanc, Mathieu, additional, Legras, Justine, additional, Lévesque, Keith, additional, Lewis, Kate-M., additional, Leymarie, Edouard, additional, Leynaert, Aude, additional, Linkowski, Thomas, additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, Lopes dos Santos, Adriana, additional, Marec, Claudie, additional, Marie, Dominique, additional, Massé, Guillaume, additional, Massicotte, Philippe, additional, Matsuoka, Atsushi, additional, Miller, Lisa A., additional, Mirshak, Sharif, additional, Morata, Nathalie, additional, Moriceau, Brivaela, additional, Morin, Philippe-Israël, additional, Morisset, Simon, additional, Mosbech, Anders, additional, Mucci, Alfonso, additional, Nadaï, Gabrielle, additional, Nozais, Christian, additional, Obernosterer, Ingrid, additional, Paire, Thimoté, additional, Panagiotopoulos, Christos, additional, Parenteau, Marie, additional, Pelletier, Noémie, additional, Picheral, Marc, additional, Quéguiner, Bernard, additional, Raimbault, Patrick, additional, Ras, Joséphine, additional, Rehm, Eric, additional, Ribot Lacosta, Llúcia, additional, Rontani, Jean-François, additional, Saint-Béat, Blanche, additional, Sansoulet, Julie, additional, Sardet, Noé, additional, Schmechtig, Catherine, additional, Sciandra, Antoine, additional, Sempéré, Richard, additional, Sévigny, Caroline, additional, Toullec, Jordan, additional, Tragin, Margot, additional, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, additional, Trottier, Annie-Pier, additional, Vaulot, Daniel, additional, Vladoiu, Anda, additional, Xue, Lei, additional, Yunda-Guarin, Gustavo, additional, and Babin, Marcel, additional

Published
2022
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8. Nunataryuk field campaigns: Understanding the origin and fate of terrestrial organic matter in the coastal waters of the Mackenzie Delta region

Author

Lizotte, Martine, primary, Juhls, Bennet, additional, Matsuoka, Atsushi, additional, Massicotte, Philippe, additional, Mével, Gaëlle, additional, Anikina, David Obie James, additional, Antonova, Sofia, additional, Bécu, Guislain, additional, Béguin, Marine, additional, Bélanger, Simon, additional, Bossé-Demers, Thomas, additional, Bröder, Lisa, additional, Bruyant, Flavienne, additional, Chaillou, Gwénaëlle, additional, Comte, Jérôme, additional, Couture, Raoul-Marie, additional, Devred, Emmanuel, additional, Deslongchamps, Gabrièle, additional, Dezutter, Thibaud, additional, Dillon, Miles, additional, Doxaran, David, additional, Flamand, Aude, additional, Fell, Frank, additional, Ferland, Joannie, additional, Forget, Marie-Hélène, additional, Fritz, Michael, additional, Gordon, Thomas J., additional, Guilmette, Caroline, additional, Hilborn, Andrea, additional, Hussherr, Rachel, additional, Irish, Charlotte, additional, Joux, Fabien, additional, Kipp, Lauren, additional, Laberge-Carignan, Audrey, additional, Lantuit, Hugues, additional, Leymarie, Edouard, additional, Mannino, Antonio, additional, Maury, Juliette, additional, Overduin, Paul, additional, Oziel, Laurent, additional, Stedmon, Colin, additional, Thomas, Crystal, additional, Tisserand, Lucas, additional, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, additional, Vonk, Jorien, additional, Whalen, Dustin, additional, and Babin, Marcel, additional

Published
2022
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9. The Green Edge cruise: investigating the marginal ice zone processes during late spring and early summer to understand the fate of the Arctic phytoplankton bloom

Author

Bruyant, Flavienne, Amiraux, Rémi, Amyot, Marie-pier, Archambault, Philippe, Artigue, Lise, Barbedo De Freitas, Lucas, Bécu, Guislain, Bélanger, Simon, Bourgain, Pascaline, Bricaud, Annick, Brouard, Etienne, Brunet, Camille, Burgers, Tonya, Caleb, Danielle, Chalut, Katrine, Claustre, Hervé, Cornet-barthaux, Véronique, Coupel, Pierre, Cusa, Marine, Cusset, Fanny, Dadaglio, Laeticia, Davelaar, Marty, Deslongchamps, Gabrièle, Dimier, Céline, Dinasquet, Julie, Dumont, Dany, Else, Brent, Eulaers, Igor, Ferland, Joannie, Filteau, Gabrielle, Forget, Marie-hélène, Fort, Jérome, Fortier, Louis, Galí, Martí, Gallinari, Morgane, Garbus, Svend-erik, Garcia, Nicole, Gérikas Ribeiro, Catherine, Gombault, Colline, Gourvil, Priscilla, Goyens, Clémence, Grant, Cindy, Grondin, Pierre-luc, Guillot, Pascal, Hillion, Sandrine, Hussherr, Rachel, Joux, Fabien, Joy-warren, Hannah, Joyal, Gabriel, Kieber, David, Lafond, Augustin, Lagunas, José, Lajeunesse, Patrick, Lalande, Catherine, Larivière, Jade, Le Gall, Florence, Leblanc, Karine, Leblanc, Mathieu, Legras, Justine, Lévesque, Keith, Lewis, Kate-m., Leymarie, Edouard, Leynaert, Aude, Linkowski, Thomas, Lizotte, Martine, Lopes Dos Santos, Adriana, Marec, Claudie, Marie, Dominique, Massé, Guillaume, Massicotte, Philippe, Matsuoka, Atsushi, Miller, Lisa A., Mirshak, Sharif, Morata, Nathalie, Moriceau, Brivaela, Morin, Philippe-israël, Morisset, Simon, Mosbech, Anders, Mucci, Alfonso, Nadaï, Gabrielle, Nozais, Christian, Obernosterer, Ingrid, Paire, Thimoté, Panagiotopoulos, Christos, Parenteau, Marie, Pelletier, Noémie, Picheral, Marc, Quéguiner, Bernard, Raimbault, Patrick, Ras, Joséphine, Rehm, Eric, Ribot Lacosta, Llúcia, Rontani, Jean-françois, Saint Beat, Blanche, Sansoulet, Julie, Sardet, Noé, Schmechtig, Catherine, Sciandra, Antoine, Sempéré, Richard, Sévigny, Caroline, Toullec, Jordan, Tragin, Margot, Tremblay, Jean-éric, Trottier, Annie-pier, Vaulot, Daniel, Vladoiu, Anda, Xue, Lei, Yunda-guarin, Gustavo, Babin, Marcel, Bruyant, Flavienne, Amiraux, Rémi, Amyot, Marie-pier, Archambault, Philippe, Artigue, Lise, Barbedo De Freitas, Lucas, Bécu, Guislain, Bélanger, Simon, Bourgain, Pascaline, Bricaud, Annick, Brouard, Etienne, Brunet, Camille, Burgers, Tonya, Caleb, Danielle, Chalut, Katrine, Claustre, Hervé, Cornet-barthaux, Véronique, Coupel, Pierre, Cusa, Marine, Cusset, Fanny, Dadaglio, Laeticia, Davelaar, Marty, Deslongchamps, Gabrièle, Dimier, Céline, Dinasquet, Julie, Dumont, Dany, Else, Brent, Eulaers, Igor, Ferland, Joannie, Filteau, Gabrielle, Forget, Marie-hélène, Fort, Jérome, Fortier, Louis, Galí, Martí, Gallinari, Morgane, Garbus, Svend-erik, Garcia, Nicole, Gérikas Ribeiro, Catherine, Gombault, Colline, Gourvil, Priscilla, Goyens, Clémence, Grant, Cindy, Grondin, Pierre-luc, Guillot, Pascal, Hillion, Sandrine, Hussherr, Rachel, Joux, Fabien, Joy-warren, Hannah, Joyal, Gabriel, Kieber, David, Lafond, Augustin, Lagunas, José, Lajeunesse, Patrick, Lalande, Catherine, Larivière, Jade, Le Gall, Florence, Leblanc, Karine, Leblanc, Mathieu, Legras, Justine, Lévesque, Keith, Lewis, Kate-m., Leymarie, Edouard, Leynaert, Aude, Linkowski, Thomas, Lizotte, Martine, Lopes Dos Santos, Adriana, Marec, Claudie, Marie, Dominique, Massé, Guillaume, Massicotte, Philippe, Matsuoka, Atsushi, Miller, Lisa A., Mirshak, Sharif, Morata, Nathalie, Moriceau, Brivaela, Morin, Philippe-israël, Morisset, Simon, Mosbech, Anders, Mucci, Alfonso, Nadaï, Gabrielle, Nozais, Christian, Obernosterer, Ingrid, Paire, Thimoté, Panagiotopoulos, Christos, Parenteau, Marie, Pelletier, Noémie, Picheral, Marc, Quéguiner, Bernard, Raimbault, Patrick, Ras, Joséphine, Rehm, Eric, Ribot Lacosta, Llúcia, Rontani, Jean-françois, Saint Beat, Blanche, Sansoulet, Julie, Sardet, Noé, Schmechtig, Catherine, Sciandra, Antoine, Sempéré, Richard, Sévigny, Caroline, Toullec, Jordan, Tragin, Margot, Tremblay, Jean-éric, Trottier, Annie-pier, Vaulot, Daniel, Vladoiu, Anda, Xue, Lei, Yunda-guarin, Gustavo, and Babin, Marcel

Abstract

The Green Edge project was designed to investigate the onset, life, and fate of a phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) in the Arctic Ocean. The lengthening of the ice-free period and the warming of seawater, amongst other factors, have induced major changes in Arctic Ocean biology over the last decades. Because the PSB is at the base of the Arctic Ocean food chain, it is crucial to understand how changes in the Arctic environment will affect it. Green Edge was a large multidisciplinary, collaborative project bringing researchers and technicians from 28 different institutions in seven countries together, aiming at understanding these changes and their impacts on the future. The fieldwork for the Green Edge project took place over two years (2015 and 2016) and was carried out from both an ice camp and a research vessel in Baffin Bay, in the Canadian Arctic. This paper describes the sampling strategy and the dataset obtained from the research cruise, which took place aboard the Canadian Coast Guard ship (CCGS) Amundsen in late spring and early summer 2016. The sampling strategy was designed around the repetitive, perpendicular crossing of the marginal ice zone (MIZ), using not only ship-based station discrete sampling but also high-resolution measurements from autonomous platforms (Gliders, BGC-Argo floats …) and under-way monitoring systems. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/86417 (Bruyant et al., 2022).

Published
2022
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10. DMS emissions from the Arctic marginal ice zone

Author

Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Galí, Martí, Lizotte, Martine, Kieber, David J., Randelhoff, Achim, Hussherr, Rachel, Xue, Lei, Dinasquet, Julie, Babin, Marcel, Rehm, Eric, Levasseur, Maurice, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Galí, Martí, Lizotte, Martine, Kieber, David J., Randelhoff, Achim, Hussherr, Rachel, Xue, Lei, Dinasquet, Julie, Babin, Marcel, Rehm, Eric, and Levasseur, Maurice

Abstract

Phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic marginal ice zone (MIZ) can be prolific dimethylsulfide (DMS) producers, thereby influencing regional aerosol formation and cloud radiative forcing. Here we describe the distribution of DMS and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) across the Baffin Bay receding ice edge in early summer 2016. Overall, DMS and total DMSP (DMSPt) increased towards warmer waters of Atlantic origin concurrently with more advanced ice-melt and bloom stages. Relatively high DMS and DMSPt (medians of 6.3 and 70 nM, respectively) were observed in the surface layer (0–9 m depth), and very high values (reaching 74 and 524 nM, respectively) at the subsurface biomass maximum (15–30 m depth). Microscopic and pigment analyses indicated that subsurface DMS and DMSPt peaks were associated with Phaeocystis pouchetii, which bloomed in Atlantic-influenced waters and reached unprecedented biomass levels in Baffin Bay. In surface waters, DMS concentrations and DMS:DMSPt ratios were higher in the MIZ (medians of 12 nM and 0.15, respectively) than in fully ice-covered or ice-free conditions, potentially associated with enhanced phytoplanktonic DMSP release and bacterial DMSP cleavage (high dddP:dmdA gene ratios). Mean sea–air DMS fluxes (µmol m–2 d–1) increased from 0.3 in ice-covered waters to 10 in open waters (maximum of 26) owing to concurrent trends in near-surface DMS concentrations and physical drivers of gas exchange. Using remotely sensed sea-ice coverage and a compilation of sea–air DMS flux data, we estimated that the pan-Arctic DMS emission from the MIZ (EDMS, MIZ) was 5–13 Gg S yr–1. North of 80°N, EDMS, MIZ might have increased by around 10 ± 4% yr–1 between 2003 and 2014, likely exceeding open-water emissions in June and July. We conclude that EDMS, MIZ must be taken into account to evaluate plankton-climate feedbacks in the Arctic., We acknowledge funding from AGAUR (Generalitat de Catalunya) Beatriu de Pinós postdoctoral fellowship program (MG), the Canada Excellence Research Chair in Remote Sensing of Canada’s New Arctic Frontier (MB), the Canada Research Chair on Ocean Biogeochemistry and Climate and an NSERC Discovery Grant Program and Northern Research Supplement Program (MLe), NETCARE (NSERC Climate Change and Atmospheric Research program, MLe), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF-OCE 1756907, DJK), Marie Curie Actions-International Outgoing Fellowship (PIOF-GA-2013-629378, JD), and ArcticNet (The Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada). This is a contribution to the research program of Québec-Océan and the Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (CNRS-France & Université Laval-Canada)., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Published
2021

12. DMS emissions from the Arctic marginal ice zone

Author

Galí, Martí, primary, Lizotte, Martine, additional, Kieber, David J., additional, Randelhoff, Achim, additional, Hussherr, Rachel, additional, Xue, Lei, additional, Dinasquet, Julie, additional, Babin, Marcel, additional, Rehm, Eric, additional, and Levasseur, Maurice, additional

Published
2021
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13. Overview paper: New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Bertram, Allan K., Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel Y. W., Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P., Christensen, Robert J., Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B., Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J., Fletcher, Christopher G., Galí, Martí, Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J., Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B., Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E., Keita, Setigui A., Kodros, John K., Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A., Law, Kathy, Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M., Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V., Mason, Ryan H., Miller, Lisa A., Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L., Murphy, Jennifer G., Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Russell, Lynn M., Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M., Steiner, Nadja S., Thomas, Jennie L., von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., Willis, Megan D., Wentworth, Gregory R., Xu, Jun-Wei, Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D., Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Bertram, Allan K., Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel Y. W., Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P., Christensen, Robert J., Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B., Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J., Fletcher, Christopher G., Galí, Martí, Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J., Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B., Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E., Keita, Setigui A., Kodros, John K., Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A., Law, Kathy, Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M., Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V., Mason, Ryan H., Miller, Lisa A., Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L., Murphy, Jennifer G., Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Russell, Lynn M., Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M., Steiner, Nadja S., Thomas, Jennie L., von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., Willis, Megan D., Wentworth, Gregory R., Xu, Jun-Wei, and Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D.

Abstract

Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013. (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water (up to 75 nM) and the overlying atmosphere (up to 1 ppbv) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source (with DMS concentrations of up to 6 nM and a potential contribution to atmospheric DMS of 20 % in the study area). (2) Evidence of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer was found in the CAA in the summertime, with these events observed on 41 % of days in a 2016 cruise. As well, at Alert, Nunavut, particles that are newly formed and grown under conditions of minimal anthropogenic influence during the months of July and August are estimated to contribute 20 % to 80 % of the 30–50 nm particle number density. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from seabird-colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene

Published
2019

15. New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Bertram, Alan K., Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel Y. W., Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P., Christensen, Robert J., Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B., Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J., Fletcher, Christopher G., Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J., Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B., Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E., Keita, Setigui A., Kodros, John K., Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A., Law, Kathy S., Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M., Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V., Mason, Ryan H., Miller, Lisa A., Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L., Murphy, Jennifer G., Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Russell, Lynn M., Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M., Steiner, Nadja S., Gali, Marti, Thomas, Jennie L., von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., Willis, Megan D., Wentworth, Gregory R., Xu, Jun-Wei, Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D., Department of Chemistry [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Environment and Climate Change Canada, School of Engineering [Guelph], University of Guelph, Department of Chemistry [Vancouver] (UBC Chemistry), University of British Columbia (UBC), Département des sciences de la terre et de l'atmosphère [Montréal] (SCTA), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institute for Atmospheric Physics [Mainz] (IPA), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics [Vienna], University of Vienna [Vienna], Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Department of Chemistry [Lewisburg], Bucknell University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (CHEM ENG), Department of Geography and Environmental Management [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Departement de Biologie [Québec], Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), School of Earth and Ocean Sciences [Victoria] (SEOS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Centre d'Applications et de Recherches en TELédétection (CARTEL), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Department of Atmospheric Science [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Particle Chemistry Department [Mainz], Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Biology [Québec], Air Quality Processes Research Section, Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), Institute of Ocean Sciences [Sidney] (IOS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Department of Mathematics [Isfahan], University of Isfahan, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Calgary], University of Calgary, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), and National Research Council of Canada (NRC)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology
Abstract

International audience; Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013 . (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water and the overlying atmosphere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source. (2) Evidence was found of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer in the CAA in the summertime. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from sea bird colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic material (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene and monoterpenes) were low, whereas elevated mixing ratios of oxygenated volatile organic compounds were inferred to arise via processes involving the sea surface microlayer. (3) The variability in the vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) under both springtime Arctic haze and more pristine summertime aerosol conditions was observed. Measured particle size distributions and mixing states were used to constrain, for the first time, calculations of aerosol–climate interactions under Arctic conditions. Aircraft- and ground-based measurements were used to better establish the BC source regions that supply the Arctic via long-range transport mechanisms. (4) Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic indicate that a major source of these particles is mineral dust, likely derived from local sources in the summer and long-range transport in the spring. In addition, INPs are abundant in the sea surface microlayer in the Arctic, and possibly play a role in ice nucleation in the atmosphere when mineral dust concentrations are low. (5) Amongst multiple aerosol components, BC was observed to have the smallest effective deposition velocities to high Arctic snow.

Published
2018

17. Phytoplankton and dimethylsulfide dynamics at two contrasting Arctic ice edges.

Author

Lizotte, Martine, Levasseur, Maurice, Galindo, Virginie, Gourdal, Margaux, Gosselin, Michel, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, Blais, Marjolaine, Charette, Joannie, and Hussherr, Rachel

Subjects
ALGAL blooms, ICE, SEA ice, ARCTIC climate, WATER, PHYTOPLANKTON, EDGES (Geometry)
Abstract

Arctic sea ice is retreating and thinning and its rate of decline has steepened in the last decades. While phytoplankton blooms are known to seasonally propagate along the ice edge as it recedes from spring to summer, the substitution of thick multiyear ice (MYI) with thinner, ponded first-year ice (FYI) represents an unequal exchange when considering the roles sea ice plays in the ecology and climate of the Arctic. Consequences of this shifting sea ice on the phenology of phytoplankton and the associated cycling of the climate-relevant gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) remain ill constrained. In July–August 2014, two contrasting ice edges in the Canadian High Arctic were explored: a FYI-dominated ice edge in Barrow Strait and a MYI-dominated ice edge in Nares Strait. Our results reveal two distinct planktonic systems and associated DMS dynamics in connection to these diverging ice types. The surface waters exiting the ponded FYI in Barrow Strait were characterized by moderate chlorophyll a (Chl a , <2.1 µ g L -1) as well as high DMSP (115 nmol L -1) and DMS (12 nmol L -1), suggesting that a bloom had already started to develop under the markedly melt-pond-covered (ca. 40 %) FYI. Heightened DMS concentrations at the FYI edge were strongly related to ice-associated seeding of DMS in surface waters and haline-driven stratification linked to ice melt (Spearman's rank correlation between DMS and salinity, rs=-0.91 , p<0.001 , n=20). However, surface waters exiting the MYI edge at the head of Nares Strait were characterized by low concentrations of Chl a (<0.5 µ g L -1), DMSP (<16 nmol L -1), and DMS (<0.4 nmol L -1), despite the nutrient-replete conditions characterizing the surface waters. The increase in autotrophic biomass and methylated sulfur compounds took place several kilometers (ca. 100 km) away from the MYI edge, suggesting the requisite for ice-free, light-sufficient conditions for a phytoplankton bloom to fully develop and for sulfur compound dynamics to follow and expand. In light of the ongoing and projected climate-driven changes to Arctic sea ice, results from this study suggest that the early onset of autotrophic blooms under thinner, melt-pond-covered ice may have vast implications for the timing and magnitude of DMS pulses in the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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18. Supplementary material to "New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic"

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., primary, Leaitch, W. Richard, additional, Aliabadi, Amir A., additional, Bertram, Alan K., additional, Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, additional, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, additional, Bozem, Heiko, additional, Burkart, Julia, additional, Chang, Rachel Y. W., additional, Charette, Joannie, additional, Chaubey, Jai P., additional, Christensen, Robert J., additional, Cirisan, Ana, additional, Collins, Douglas B., additional, Croft, Betty, additional, Dionne, Joelle, additional, Evans, Greg J., additional, Fletcher, Christopher G., additional, Ghahreman, Roya, additional, Girard, Eric, additional, Gong, Wanmin, additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Gourdal, Margaux, additional, Hanna, Sarah J., additional, Hayashida, Hakase, additional, Herber, Andreas B., additional, Hesaraki, Sareh, additional, Hoor, Peter, additional, Huang, Lin, additional, Hussherr, Rachel, additional, Irish, Victoria E., additional, Keita, Setigui A., additional, Kodros, John K., additional, Köllner, Franziska, additional, Kolonjari, Felicia, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Ladino, Luis A., additional, Law, Kathy, additional, Levasseur, Maurice, additional, Libois, Quentin, additional, Liggio, John, additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, Macdonald, Katrina M., additional, Mahmood, Rashed, additional, Martin, Randall V., additional, Mason, Ryan H., additional, Miller, Lisa A., additional, Moravek, Alexander, additional, Mortenson, Eric, additional, Mungall, Emma L., additional, Murphy, Jennifer G., additional, Namazi, Maryam, additional, Norman, Ann-Lise, additional, O'Neill, Norman T., additional, Pierce, Jeffrey R., additional, Russell, Lynn M., additional, Schneider, Johannes, additional, Schulz, Hannes, additional, Sharma, Sangeeta, additional, Si, Meng, additional, Staebler, Ralf M., additional, Steiner, Nadja S., additional, Galí, Martí, additional, Thomas, Jennie L., additional, von Salzen, Knut, additional, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., additional, Willis, Megan D., additional, Wentworth, Gregory R., additional, Xu, Jun-Wei, additional, and Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D., additional

Published
2018
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19. New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., primary, Leaitch, W. Richard, additional, Aliabadi, Amir A., additional, Bertram, Alan K., additional, Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, additional, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, additional, Bozem, Heiko, additional, Burkart, Julia, additional, Chang, Rachel Y. W., additional, Charette, Joannie, additional, Chaubey, Jai P., additional, Christensen, Robert J., additional, Cirisan, Ana, additional, Collins, Douglas B., additional, Croft, Betty, additional, Dionne, Joelle, additional, Evans, Greg J., additional, Fletcher, Christopher G., additional, Ghahreman, Roya, additional, Girard, Eric, additional, Gong, Wanmin, additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Gourdal, Margaux, additional, Hanna, Sarah J., additional, Hayashida, Hakase, additional, Herber, Andreas B., additional, Hesaraki, Sareh, additional, Hoor, Peter, additional, Huang, Lin, additional, Hussherr, Rachel, additional, Irish, Victoria E., additional, Keita, Setigui A., additional, Kodros, John K., additional, Köllner, Franziska, additional, Kolonjari, Felicia, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Ladino, Luis A., additional, Law, Kathy, additional, Levasseur, Maurice, additional, Libois, Quentin, additional, Liggio, John, additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, Macdonald, Katrina M., additional, Mahmood, Rashed, additional, Martin, Randall V., additional, Mason, Ryan H., additional, Miller, Lisa A., additional, Moravek, Alexander, additional, Mortenson, Eric, additional, Mungall, Emma L., additional, Murphy, Jennifer G., additional, Namazi, Maryam, additional, Norman, Ann-Lise, additional, O'Neill, Norman T., additional, Pierce, Jeffrey R., additional, Russell, Lynn M., additional, Schneider, Johannes, additional, Schulz, Hannes, additional, Sharma, Sangeeta, additional, Si, Meng, additional, Staebler, Ralf M., additional, Steiner, Nadja S., additional, Galí, Martí, additional, Thomas, Jennie L., additional, von Salzen, Knut, additional, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., additional, Willis, Megan D., additional, Wentworth, Gregory R., additional, Xu, Jun-Wei, additional, and Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D., additional

Published
2018
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20. Impact of ocean acidification on Arctic phytoplankton blooms and dimethyl sulfide concentration under simulated ice-free and under-ice conditions

Author

Hussherr, Rachel, primary, Levasseur, Maurice, additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, additional, Mol, Jacoba, additional, Thomas, Helmuth, additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Starr, Michel, additional, Miller, Lisa A., additional, Jarniková, Tereza, additional, Schuback, Nina, additional, and Mucci, Alfonso, additional

Published
2017
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23. Impact of ocean acidification on Arctic phytoplankton blooms and dimethylsulfide production under simulated ice-free and under-ice conditions

Author

Hussherr, Rachel, primary, Levasseur, Maurice, additional, Lizotte, Martine, additional, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, additional, Mol, Jacoba, additional, Thomas, Hemuth, additional, Gosselin, Michel, additional, Starr, Michel, additional, Miller, Lisa A., additional, Jarniková, Tereza, additional, Schuback, Nina, additional, and Mucci, Alfonso, additional

Published
2016
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24. Phytoplankton and dimethylsulfide dynamics at two contrasting Arctic ice edges.

Author

Lizotte, Martine, Levasseur, Maurice, Galindo, Virginie, Gourdal, Margaux, Gosselin, Michel, Tremblay, Jean-éric, Blais, Marjolaine, Charette, Joannie, and Hussherr, Rachel

Subjects
ALGAL blooms, ICE, ARCTIC climate, WATER, PHYTOPLANKTON, EDGES (Geometry), SEA ice
Abstract

Arctic sea ice is retreating, thinning and its rate of decline has steepened in the last decades. While phytoplankton blooms are known to seasonally propagate along the ice edge as it recedes from spring to summer, the substitution of thick multi-year ice (MYI) with thinner, ponded first-year ice (FYI) represents an unequal exchange when considering the roles sea ice plays in the ecology and climate of the Arctic. Consequences of this shifting sea ice on the phenology of phytoplankton and the associated cycling of the climate-relevant gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) remain ill constrained. In July-August 2014, two contrasting ice edges in the Canadian High Arctic were explored: a FYI-dominated ice edge in Barrow Strait and a MYI-dominated ice edge in Nares Strait. Our results reveal two distinct planktonic systems and associated DMS dynamics in connection to these diverging ice types. The surface waters exiting the ponded FYI in Barrow Strait were characterized by moderate chlorophyll a (Chl a, < 2.1 µg L-1) as well as high DMSP (115 nmol L-1) and DMS (12 nmol L-1) suggesting that a bloom had already started to develop under the markedly melt pond-covered (ca. 40%) FYI. Heightened DMS concentrations at the FYI edge were strongly related with ice-associated seeding of DMS in surface waters and haline-driven stratification linked to ice melt (Spearman's rank correlation between DMS and salinity, rs = 0.91, p < 0.001, n = 20). However, surface waters exiting the MYI edge at the head of Nares Strait were characterized by low concentrations of Chl a (< 0.5 µg L-1), DMSP (< 16 nmol L-1) and DMS (< 0.4 nmol L-1), despite the nutrient-replete conditions characterizing the surface waters. The increase in autotrophic biomass and methylated sulfur compounds took place several km (ca. 100 km) away from the MYI ice edge suggesting the requisite for ice-free, light-sufficient conditions for a phytoplankton bloom to fully develop and for sulfur compound dynamics to follow and expand. In light of the ongoing and projected climate-driven changes to Arctic sea ice, results from this study suggest that the early onset of autotrophic blooms under thinner, melt pond-covered ice may have vast implications for the timing and magnitude of DMS pulses in the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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25. Impact of ocean acidification on Arctic phytoplankton blooms and dimethylsulfide production under simulated ice-free and under-ice conditions.

Author

Hussherr, Rachel, Levasseur, Maurice, Lizotte, Martine, Tremblay, Jean-Éric, Mol, Jacoba, Thomas, Hemuth, Gosselin, Michel, Starr, Michel, Miller, Lisa A., Jarniková, Tereza, Schuback, Nina, and Mucci, Alfonso

Subjects
OCEAN acidification, ALGAL blooms, DIMETHYL sulfide
Abstract

In an experimental assessment of the potential impact of Arctic Ocean acidification on seasonal phytoplankton blooms and associated dimethylsulfide (DMS) dynamics, we incubated water from Baffin Bay under conditions representing an acidified Arctic Ocean. Using two light regimes simulating under-ice/subsurface chlorophyll maxima (low light; Low PAR and no UVB) and ice-free (high light; High PAR + UVA + UVB) conditions, water collected at 38 m was exposed over 9 days to 6 levels of decreasing pH from 8.1 to 7.2. A phytoplankton bloom dominated by the centric diatoms Chaetoceros spp. reaching up to 7.5 μg chlorophyll a L-1 took place in all experimental bags. Total dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPT) and DMS concentrations reached 155 nmol L-1 and 19 nmol L-1, respectively. Under both light regimes, chlorophyll a and DMS concentrations decreased linearly with increasing proton concentration at all pH tested. Concentrations of DMSPT also decreased but only under high light and over a smaller pH range (from 8.1 to 7.6). In contrast to nanophytoplankton (2-20 μm), picophytoplankton (≤ 2 μm) was stimulated by the decreasing pH. We furthermore observed no significant difference between the two light regimes tested in term of chlorophyll a, phytoplankton abundance/taxonomy, and DMSP/DMS net concentrations. These results show that OA could significantly decrease the algal biomass and inhibit DMS production during the seasonal phytoplankton bloom in the Arctic, with possible consequences for the regional climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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30. Overview paper: New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Bertram, Allan K., Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel Y. W., Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P., Christensen, Robert J., Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B., Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J., Fletcher, Christopher G., Galí, Martí, Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J., Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B., Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E., Keita, Setigui A., Kodros, John K., Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A., Law, Kathy, Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M., Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V., Mason, Ryan H., Miller, Lisa A., Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L., Murphy, Jennifer G., Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Russell, Lynn M., Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M., Steiner, Nadja S., Thomas, Jennie L., von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., Willis, Megan D., Wentworth, Gregory R., Xu, Jun-Wei, Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D., Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Bertram, Allan K., Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel Y. W., Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P., Christensen, Robert J., Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B., Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J., Fletcher, Christopher G., Galí, Martí, Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J., Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B., Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E., Keita, Setigui A., Kodros, John K., Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A., Law, Kathy, Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M., Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V., Mason, Ryan H., Miller, Lisa A., Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L., Murphy, Jennifer G., Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Russell, Lynn M., Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M., Steiner, Nadja S., Thomas, Jennie L., von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., Willis, Megan D., Wentworth, Gregory R., Xu, Jun-Wei, and Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D.

Abstract

Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013. (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water (up to 75 nM) and the overlying atmosphere (up to 1 ppbv) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source (with DMS concentrations of up to 6 nM and a potential contribution to atmospheric DMS of 20 % in the study area). (2) Evidence of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer was found in the CAA in the summertime, with these events observed on 41 % of days in a 2016 cruise. As well, at Alert, Nunavut, particles that are newly formed and grown under conditions of minimal anthropogenic influence during the months of July and August are estimated to contribute 20 % to 80 % of the 30–50 nm particle number density. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from seabird-colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene

31. Overview paper: New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Bertram, Allan K., Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel Y. W., Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P., Christensen, Robert J., Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B., Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J., Fletcher, Christopher G., Galí, Martí, Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J., Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B., Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E., Keita, Setigui A., Kodros, John K., Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A., Law, Kathy, Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M., Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V., Mason, Ryan H., Miller, Lisa A., Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L., Murphy, Jennifer G., Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Russell, Lynn M., Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M., Steiner, Nadja S., Thomas, Jennie L., von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., Willis, Megan D., Wentworth, Gregory R., Xu, Jun-Wei, Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D., Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Bertram, Allan K., Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel Y. W., Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P., Christensen, Robert J., Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B., Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J., Fletcher, Christopher G., Galí, Martí, Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J., Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B., Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E., Keita, Setigui A., Kodros, John K., Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A., Law, Kathy, Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M., Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V., Mason, Ryan H., Miller, Lisa A., Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L., Murphy, Jennifer G., Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Russell, Lynn M., Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M., Steiner, Nadja S., Thomas, Jennie L., von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., Willis, Megan D., Wentworth, Gregory R., Xu, Jun-Wei, and Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D.

Abstract

Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013. (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water (up to 75 nM) and the overlying atmosphere (up to 1 ppbv) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source (with DMS concentrations of up to 6 nM and a potential contribution to atmospheric DMS of 20 % in the study area). (2) Evidence of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer was found in the CAA in the summertime, with these events observed on 41 % of days in a 2016 cruise. As well, at Alert, Nunavut, particles that are newly formed and grown under conditions of minimal anthropogenic influence during the months of July and August are estimated to contribute 20 % to 80 % of the 30–50 nm particle number density. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from seabird-colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene

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