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The article reports research aimed at identifying factors relating to retention in English intellectual disability services, drawing on a study of the social care workforce. The research involved two rounds of interviews with social care managers and staff between 2009 and 2014. The study uses social exchange theory, particularly the idea of 'reciprocity' and the mechanism of 'hope', as a conceptual framework to aid interpretation of the themes relating to retention identified in the interview analysis: 'pay', 'support', 'morale', and 'training' (related to reciprocity) and 'improving quality of life' and 'supporting personal development' (related to hope). Both groups of themes are identified as being particularly appropriate to intellectual disability services. The study concludes that reciprocity and hope seem to interact in factors related to staff retention, although the study suggests that reciprocity rather than hope is directly connected with retention.

Sustainable Open spaces are the heart of every community. They play a great role in connecting people with places. This connection should be considered by every urban designer and architect, especially in the Central Business District (CBD), which is the core of this study. CBDs often face several challenges such as high-density usage and limited open spaces that can serve people. This research aims to define how the design of sustainable open spaces can contribute to the physical, social, and environmental well-being of users and achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): 3 – 'Good Health and Well-being" and 11 – "Sustainable Cities and Communities". In addition to highlighting the main aspects of sustainable urban design elements and user needs for enhancing well-being. Exploring the relation between these two domains as well as identifying their elements and indicators to define the most suitable sustainable design considerations exclusively for open spaces in CBD. The research’s methodology adopts a detailed analysis of both international and national case studies, which offers a comparative and contextual understanding of open spaces in different urban settings. In addition to validating the effectiveness of this strategy through urban analysis and questionnaire for users of CBD. Together, they are all used to develop an evaluation matrix to identify the relationship between design elements and their role in transforming open spaces in CBDs to places that can enhance users’ wellbeing and achieve sustainability goals. The research proves that well-designed sustainable open spaces can serve as vital components in healthy urban environments, significantly contributing to the overall quality of life and satisfaction of individuals in CBDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The UK welfare system and growth in social care escalate the demand for migrant care workers (MCWs) as a system-level intervention. However, the UK migration regime creates structural barriers and facilitators for different groups of MCWs. The nature of the UK migration and social care policies, combined with societal systems, including racism, affect the wellbeing of MCWs. This article addresses current literature gaps investigating the interplay of migration governance and social care systems' effects on MCWs' wellbeing. We utilise qualitative interviews collected from two groups of MCWs: Zimbabwean and Central East European migrants. These two groups have been subject to differentiated migration policies and societal perceptions during the data collection (2019), which coincided with the Brexit process. Data were analysed thematically guided by a wellbeing of care workers' framework while allowing for new themes specific to the intersectionality of migration and social care systems to emerge. The analysis highlights that migration shapes MCWs' wellbeing through two distinct mechanisms. First, the migration experience interacts with the same underlying factors that influence all care workers' dimensions of wellbeing at work. Second, migration and the specific profile of migrant social care adds a new layer of factors that influence MCWs' wellbeing in additional ways. The latter is affected by structural systems, such as the migration regime, and systemic challenges, such as the experience of inequalities and racism, exacerbated by the migration regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology is always a double-edged sword, and with the astonishing advancements in technology, it is expected that the DeepFake problem will become more common and serious. DeepFake has recently caused a lot of trouble because its flaws outweigh its advantages. Since DeepFake has such a significant influence on individuals deception, instability of principles and falsification of evidence. Instead of just affecting people, it led to multiple incidents that affected the image of entire nations. In this paper, a model that has been built to mitigate the negative effects of deepFake and maintain an individual's reputation by detecting the alteration of people's photographs and videos. A model with integrated vision transformer architectures Deep-ViT and Cross-ViT is designed to process pre-extracted faces from FF++ dataset. The model distinguishes between the real and fake faces in two different perspectives, subclass detection on each manipulation method and overall detection of all types. The proposed model achieves an outstanding results and the highest accuracy in FaceSwap manipulation method with 98%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate whether a new model that delegates some out-of-home care services from the public to the private and not-for-profit sectors in England enhances practitioners' job control and stress levels. Methods: A 3-year longitudinal matched-control evaluation examined changes in Karasek demand-control model and Maslach burnout levels of 2,050 staff working in five social work practice (SWP) pilots, their host local authorities and comparable sites. Results: Mixed-effect models indicated no significant difference in main outcomes among SWP staff when compared to staff in host and comparison local authorities. There were notable differences in relation to job insecurity and social support. Conclusion: The minimal effects observed may relate to the diverse nature of SWPs with no specific work model predominating.

The present study was conducted on 9 non-medicated, clinically healthy, adult mongrel male dogs. The dogs had no orthopedic abnormalities. Dogs were subjected to mid-diaphyseal circular bone defect (0.8 cm in diameter) in the left radius bones under general anesthesia. Dogs were divided randomly to be allocated into two groups, each of 3 dogs. The treated group (group T, n = 3), in which bone defects were implanted with the titanium oxide/graphene oxide/chitosan nanocomposite. The control group (group C, n = 3), in which bone defects were allowed for spontaneous healing. Dogs were subjected to clinical and radiographical evaluation 30 days postoperatively. All surgical procedures were conducted under the effect of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Digital cranio-palmar and lateral views were taken for the operated limbs. Cortical defects and depth of the bone defects were recorded using the RadiAnt DICOM viewer version 1.1.2022 software. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the cortical defect in the treated group compared with the control groups 30 days postoperatively. The treated group recorded a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in 30 days compared to the baseline value. The depth of the bone defects decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the treated group compared with the untreated group 30 days post-induction of the bone defects. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the treated group on 30 days compared to the baseline value. The titanium oxide/graphene oxide/chitosan nanocomposite accelerates the healing of bone defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from 81 interviews with practitioners in social care and housing with care services in the United Kingdom, this paper explores practice issues in rural areas when supporting the mental health and well-being of older people from Black and minority ethnic groups. The paper begins with a review of the literature which provides evidence that BME older people are likely to be increasingly part of the populations of rural areas. Next it presents interview data revealing that while practitioners are aware of such demographic changes in general terms; some feel that they lack training and skills in adapting their professional practice to support all older people. Others express feelings of professional isolation in seeking to support older people from minority groups and are concerned that older people from minority groups may be at risk of isolation and loneliness. The paper concludes with a discussion of the study's implications for rural practice, policy and research.

In highway management, intelligent vehicle detection and counting are becoming increasingly important as an accurate estimation of traffic density on road congestion reduction. Traffic density estimation is affected by the difficulties of perspective distortion, size change, significant occlusion, and background interference in traffic images. To address the previous issues, this article develops a novel model that enhances the quality of estimating traffic density. The efficientNet fine-tuning architecture is used then, followed by the development of seven dilated convolutional layers to extract the deeper features in the images that maintain the output's resolution to generate a high-quality density map. Finally, the vehicle count will be calculated from the high-quality density map. The experimental results indicate that the suggested approach significantly enhances the accuracy of traffic density estimation compared to the existing ones. It achieves 5.23 as a mean absolute error (MAE) on the TRANCOS dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]