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The objectives of the present study were to validate ultra-sonographic examination (US) as a reliable diagnostic tool for endometritis, as well as to determine the effects of intrauterine infusion (IU) of benzathine cephapirin plus systemic PGF2α as a treatment protocol of endometritis in dairy cows. 260 Holstein cows were included in this study. The affected cows were examined rectally and US. The cows were divided according to the diagnostic method and treatment protocol into 3 groups. Group1: rectally diagnosed and received systemic PGF2α. Group2: diagnosed rectally and received IU benzathine cephapirin plus systemic PGF2α. Group3: diagnosed US and received IU benzathine cephapirin plus systemic PGF2α. Good reproductive indices were recorded for cows examined US and treated with combination of IU benzathine cephapirin plus systemic PGF2α. A highly significant positive correlations were observed between days in milking (DIM) and most of tested reproductive indices. Meanwhile, Daily milk yield was negatively correlated with all tested reproductive parameters. In conclusion, transrectal US could be used as a reliable method for early diagnosis of endometritis. In addition, using a combination of IU application of benzathine cephapirin plus systemic PGF2α was superior treatment protocol in endometritis in comparison with PGF2α.

Abstract Malaria remains a key health and economic problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The emergence of artemisinin drug resistance (ART-R) parasite strains poses a serious threat to the control and elimination of this scourge. This is because artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) remain the first-line treatment in the majority of malaria-endemic regions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the propeller domains of Plasmodium falciparum Kelch 13 protein (K13) have been associated with delayed parasite clearance in vivo and in vitro. These mutations serve as vital molecular markers for tracking the emergence and dispersion of resistance. Recently, there have been increasing reports of the emergence and spread of P. falciparum ART-R parasites in the Eastern Africa region. This necessitates continued surveillance to best inform mitigation efforts. This study investigated the presence of all reported mutations of K13 propeller domains in the parasite population in Busia County, Kenya, a known malaria-endemic region. Two hundred twenty-six participants with microscopically confirmed uncomplicated malaria were recruited for this study. They were treated with artemether–lumefantrine under observation for the first dose, and microscopic examination was repeated 1 day later after ensuring the participants had taken the second and third doses. P. falciparum DNA from all samples underwent targeted amplification of the K13 gene using a semi-nested PCR approach, followed by Sanger sequencing. The recently validated ART-R K13 mutation C469Y was identified in three samples. These three samples were among 63 samples with a low reduction in parasitemia on day 1, suggesting day 1 parasitemia reduction rate is a useful parameter to enrich the ART-R parasites for further analysis. Our findings highlight the need for continuous surveillance of ART-R in western Kenya and the region to determine the spread of ART-R and inform containment.

Abstract Onychomycosis, a nail infection caused by dermatophytes, yeast, and molds makes up roughly half of all onychopathies and is the most prevalent nail condition in the world. Clinically, nail psoriasis and onychomycosis can frequently be difficult to distinguish from one another. To assess the prevalence of onychomycosis in patients with psoriasis. Fifty patients with psoriasis associated with nail disease were included in this study. After taking clinical history, nail samples were gathered for dermoscopic inspection, culture, direct microscopy with 20% KOH solution, and nail clipping with PAS stain. Of the 50 patients recruited, 43 were males and 7 were females, with mean age 6–71 years (mean ± SD 44.06 ± 16.2). Eleven patients (22%) tested positive for onychomycosis. Dermatophytes were isolated from 2% of patients, yeast from 14% of patients, and non-dermatophytic mold from 38% of patients. Histopathological results revealed fungal hyphae and spores in 18% of patients. The most prevalent dermoscopic sign in psoriatic patients with onychomycosis was spikes (81.8%) with statistical significance (P-value

Aim of the Work Aim of the work is to evaluate the effect of intracavernosal injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (ED).Methods This study was conducted up on 25 men complaining of mild-to-moderate ED, who were in a stable relationship for more than 1 year.Results After 6 months of intracavernosal PRP injection, there was a statistically significant improvement of the International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function domain score, which then declines after 1 year of the treatment. No adverse effects were observed during the study.Conclusions PRP intracavernosal injections may be a promising option for the management of arteriogenic ED. But further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

AbstractThe gut microbiota (GM) is essential for mammalian health. Although the association between infant GM and breast milk (BM) composition has been well established in humans, such a relationship has not been investigated in horses. Hence, this study was conducted to analyze the GM formation of foals during lactation and determine the presence of low-molecular-weight metabolites in mares’ BM and their role in shaping foals’ GM. The fecal and BM samples from six pairs of foals and mares were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA metagenomic and metabolomic analyses, respectively. The composition of foal GM changed during lactation time; hierarchical cluster analysis divided the fetal GM into three groups corresponding to different time points in foal development. The level of most metabolites in milk decreased over time with increasing milk yield, while threonic acid and ascorbic acid increased. Further analyses revealed gut bacteria that correlated with changes in milk metabolites; for instance, there was a positive correlation between Bacteroidaceae in the foal’s gut microbiota and serine/glycine in the mother’s milk. These findings help improve the rearing environment of lactating horses and establish artificial feeding methods for foals.

Abstract Background Neonicotinoids are widespread insecticides because of their potent effects against aphids and other piercing-sucking insects in addition to having high selectivity toward insects rather than vertebrates. However, they affect severely some non-target insects, mainly honeybee in a phenomenon called colony collapse disorder (CCD). Results Effects of imidacloprid (IMI), most used neonicotinoids, on aphid acetylcholinesterase (AChE), in vivo and in vitro were examined; besides, molecular modeling was used to investigate similarities and differences of AChE and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors α1-subunit (nAChRα1) in aphids, target insect, and honeybees, non-target insect. Results showed that aphid AChE was inhibited in vitro, with IC50 108.6 mg/L but not affected in vivo while the mortality was concentration-dependent with high toxicity (LC50 9.50 mg/L); in addition, aphid AChE was more inhibited, in vitro, but with much less effects, in vivo, than that of honeybees. These results indicate that AChE is not the main cause of the observed mortality, but it still has a role in insect resistance system with different responses in both insects. Molecular modeling showed high similarity in primary and secondary structures of AChE indicated by high identity (67%) and low gaps (1%); besides, the same template for both enzymes was auto-selected for homology. In addition, similar positions of the triad amino acids were found in AChE of both insects indicating high similarity. Conversely, the similarity in nAChRα1 in both insects is lower (50% identity and 9% gaps). These gaps (50 amino acids) are found in the intracellular large loop between TM3 and TM4 and account for the observed differences in the nAChRα1 binding sites of in both insects. Conclusion These observed variations in nAChRα1 structures and binding sites in different insect species can be used as good bases in designing new neonicotinoids that express high effects on target insects with better selectivity to minimize adverse effects on non-target organisms. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Objective In epilepsy, early diagnosis, accurate determination of epilepsy type, proper selection of antiseizure medication, and monitoring are all essential. However, despite recent therapeutic advances and conceptual reconsiderations in the classification and management of epilepsy, serious gaps are still encountered in day‐to‐day practice in Egypt as well as several other resource‐limited countries. Premature mortality, poor quality of life, socio‐economic burden, cognitive problems, poor treatment outcomes, and comorbidities are major challenges that require urgent actions to be implemented at all levels. In recognition of this, a group of Egyptian epilepsy experts met through a series of consecutive meetings to specify the main concepts concerning the diagnosis and management of epilepsy, with the ultimate goal of establishing a nationwide Egyptian consensus. Methods The consensus was developed through a modified Delphi methodology. A thorough review of the most recent relevant literature and international guidelines was performed to evaluate their applicability to the Egyptian situation. Afterward, several remote and live rounds were scheduled to reach a final agreement for all listed statements. Results Of 278 statements reviewed in the first round, 256 achieved ≥80% agreement. Live discussion and refinement of the 22 statements that did not reach consensus during the first round took place, followed by final live voting then consensus was achieved for all remaining statements. Significance With the implementation of these unified recommendations, we believe this will bring about substantial improvements in both the quality of care and treatment outcomes for persons with epilepsy in Egypt. Plain Language Summary This work represents the efforts of a group of medical experts to reach an agreement on the best medical practice related to people with epilepsy based on previously published recommendations while taking into consideration applicable options in resource‐limited countries. The publication of this document is expected to minimize many malpractice issues and pave the way for better healthcare services on both individual and governmental levels.

Abstract Biopolymers such as chitosan and pectin are currently attracting significant attention because of their unique properties, which are valuable in the food industry and pharmaceutical applications. These properties include non-toxicity, compatibility with biological systems, natural decomposition ability, and structural adaptability. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of two different ratios of pectin–chitosan polyelectrolyte composite (PCPC) after applying them as a coating to commercially pure titanium (CpTi) substrates using electrospraying. The PCPC was studied in ratios of 1:2 and 1:3, while the control group consisted of CpTi substrates without any coating. The pull-off adhesion strength, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial susceptibility tests were utilized to evaluate the PCPC coatings. In order to determine whether the composite coating was the result of physical blending or chemical bonding, the topographic surface parameters were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). PCPC (1:3) had the highest average cell viability of 93.42, 89.88, and 86.85% after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, as determined by the cytotoxicity assay, when compared to the other groups. According to the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method for testing antibacterial susceptibility, PCPC (1:3) showed the highest average diameter of the zone of inhibition, measuring 14.88, 14.43, and 11.03 mm after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation, respectively. This difference was highly significant compared to Group 3 at all three time periods. PCPC (1:3) exhibited a significantly higher mean pull-off adhesion strength (521.6 psi) compared to PCPC (1:2), which revealed 419.5 psi. PCPC (1:3) coated substrates exhibited better surface roughness parameters compared to other groups based on the findings of the AFM. The FTIR measurement indicated that both PCPC groups exhibited a purely physical blending in the composite coating. Based on the extent of these successful in vitro experiments, PCPC (1:3) demonstrates its potential as an effective coating layer. Therefore, the findings of this study pave the way for using newly developed PCPC after electrospraying coating on CpTi for dental implants.

This paper evaluates the policies taken by Jordanian tourism sector before and after COVID-19; it is divided into two parts: the first dealt with the period 2011-2019 which followed the events of Arab Spring, the second focused on the postCOVID-19 period. A mixed methodology was used as for the Arab Spring case a quantitative approach that aimed at measuring the satisfaction of 54 travel agents about policies taken by public tourism sector was used. A Structure Equation Modelling analysis was conducted to test the relationship between specific satisfaction about promotional and economic policies as independent variables, and the general satisfaction as a dependent variable. As for the case of COVID-19, a different approach was used where the Tourism National Strategy 2021-2025 and reports on the influence of COVID-19 on Jordanian Economy were referred to make an evaluation of governmental performance. There was an obvious absence of the concept of “Crisis Management" in tourism national strategies (MOTA, 2003 ; 2010 ; 2015) ; where the focus was on diversifying the tourism product, enhancing the image of the country and increasing competitiveness .

الملخص: أهداف البحث: يعتبر جين ''عامل الانتساخ 7-مثل 2'' من الجينات المهمة التي وجد أنها مرتبطة بالاستعداد لمرض السكري من النوع الثاني في مختلف المجموعات العرقية. هدف هذا البحث هو التحقيق في العلاقة بين التعبير الجيني جين ''عامل الانتساخ 7-مثل 2'' وعدة مؤشرات كيميائية حيوية بين فئات عمرية مختلفة من مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني في عينة من السكان العراقيين. طرق البحث: تم جمع 150 عينة دم بالتساوي من 3 مجموعات: مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني الشباب (10-35 سنة)، مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني المسنين (40-80 سنة)، ومجموعة ضابطة صحية (10-65 سنة). تم إشراك كلا الجنسين. تم إجراء تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل في الوقت الفعلي لاستكشاف التعبير الجيني جين ''عامل الانتساخ 7-مثل 2''. تم إجراء الاختبارات الكيميائية الحيوية: نسبة الهيموجلوبين السكري، والدهون الثلاثية، والبروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة، والبروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة. تم احتساب مؤشر كتلة الجسم. تم تحليل النتائج إحصائيا. النتائج: كان لدى مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني سجلات أعلى فيما يتعلق بمؤشر كتلة الجسم، والدهون الثلاثية، والبروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة، ونتائج البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة أقل من مجموعة الضبط. هناك ارتباط إيجابي قوي بين نسبة الهيموجلوبين السكري ومؤشر كتلة الجسم، والدهون الثلاثية، والبروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة. كان هناك ارتباط سلبي بين نسبة الهيموجلوبين السكري والبروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة. أظهر التعبير الجيني جين ''عامل الانتساخ 7-مثل 2'' اختلافا كبيرا بين المرضى المسنين والشباب بنسبة 1.68 و 0.207 على التوالي. أظهرت هذه النتائج أن المرضى المسنين لديهم تعبير جيني أعلى مقارنة بالمرضى الشباب. الاستنتاجات: تأثر التعبير الجيني جين ''عامل الانتساخ 7-مثل 2 ''بالعمر، وكانت السجلات الأعلى للمرضى المسنين من النوع الثاني من السكري. قد يؤثر ذلك على وظائف خلايا بيتا وإفراز الأنسولين. Abstract: Objectives: The transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) is associated with a predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different ethnic populations. This article investigated the relationship between TCF7L2 gene expression and several biochemical indexes among different age categories of T2DM in a sample of the Iraqi population. Methods: One hundred and fifty blood samples were collected from three groups: young T2DM (10–35 years), old T2DM (40–80 years), and healthy control (10–65 years) groups. Both sexes were enrolled. qPCR was performed to explore the expression of the TCF7L2 gene. Biochemical tests were performed to assess hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The results were statistically analyzed. Results: Patients with T2DM had higher BMI, TG, and LDL, and lower HDL than the control group. There was a strong positive correlation between hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and BMI, TG, and LDL and a negative correlation between HbA1c and HDL. Expression of the TCF7L2 gene showed a significant difference between old and young patients by 1.68 and 0.207 fold, respectively. These results showed that old patients had higher gene expression than young patients. Conclusion: TCF7L2 gene expression was affected by age, with higher expression in old T2DM patients. This may influence beta cell functions and insulin secretion.

Abstract Background Genetic diversity, population structure, agro-morphological traits, and molecular characteristics, are crucial for either preserving genetic resources or developing new cultivars. Due to climate change, water availability for agricultural use is progressively diminishing. This study used 100 molecular markers (25 TRAP, 22 SRAP, 23 ISTR, and 30 SSR). Additionally, 15 morphological characteristics were utilized to evaluate the optimal agronomic traits of 12 different barley genotypes under arid conditions. Results Substantial variations, ranging from significant to highly significant, were observed in the 15 agromorphological parameters evaluated among the 12 genotypes. The KSU-B101 barley genotype demonstrated superior performance in five specific traits: spike number per plant, 100-grain weight, spike number per square meter, harvest index, and grain yield. These results indicate its potential for achieving high yields in arid regions. The Sahrawy barley genotype exhibited the highest values across five parameters, namely leaf area, spike weight per plant, spike length, spike weight per square meter, and biological yield, making it a promising candidate for animal feed. The KSU-B105 genotype exhibited early maturity and a high grain count per spike, which reflects its early maturity and ability to produce a high number of grains per spike. This suggests its suitability for both animal feed and human food in arid areas. Based on marker data, the molecular study found that the similarity coefficients between the barley genotypes ranged from 0.48 to 0.80, with an average of 0.64. The dendrogram constructed from these data revealed three distinct clusters with a similarity coefficient of 0.80. Notably, the correlation between the dendrogram and its similarity matrix was high (0.903), indicating its accuracy in depicting the genetic relationships. The combined analysis revealed a moderate correlation between the morphological and molecular analysis, suggesting alignment between the two characterization methods. Conclusions The morphological and molecular analyses of the 12 barley genotypes in this study effectively revealed the varied genetic characteristics of their agro-performance in arid conditions. KSU-B101, Sahrawy, and KSU-B105 have emerged as promising candidates for different agricultural applications in arid regions. Further research on these genotypes could reveal their full potential for breeding programs.

The polysaccharides pectin and chitosan are derived from the fruit peels and exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects, respectively. Their biocompatibility and renewability make them suitable for use in food products. The size of the swelling and degradation of these cells can be controlled using different combinations. Pectin and chitosan are useful as medication delivery systems, where they can be integrated to control the dosages and residence times of pharmaceuticals. They have a wide range of applications such as wound dressings, body fat reducers, tissue engineering agents, and drug delivery agents. Addressing teeth loss with the use of dental implants is a critical element of dental care. In most cases, healing is time-consuming and painful. As a result of adding new materials to the implant surface, the healing process would accelerate, and medications would be delivered to the implant site with greater efficiency.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can cause cutaneous adverse reactions, with most manifestations resembling keratosis pilaris (KP). Eleven reports describe the onset of KP, with or without confirmation through skin biopsy, during treatment with second-generation TKIs. Herein, we review the current literature and report a clinical case of a 41-year-old male with chronic myeloid leukemia who developed KP-like eruptions during treatment with dasatinib and later nilotinib that cleared after discontinuation of the treatment. However, after switching to nilotinib, severe pruritus and follicular papules reappeared and necessitated dermatology consultation. A skin biopsy confirmed KP’s diagnosis and switching the treatment to ponatinib resulted in the resolution of skin rash without pruritus. Alternative TKIs can help address intolerable cutaneous adverse reactions.