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Abstract Tuning the crystal phase of alloy nanocrystals (NCs) offers an alternative way to improve their electrocatalytic performance, but, how heterometals diffuse and form ordered‐phase remains unclear. Herein, for the first time, the mechanism for forming tetrametallic ordered‐phase nanoplates (NPLs) is unraveled. The observations reveal that the intermetallic ordered‐phase nucleates through crystallinity alteration of the seeds and then propagates by reentrant grooves. Notably, the reentrant grooves act as intermediate NCs for ordered‐phase, eventually forming intermetallic PdCuIrCo NPLs. These NPLs substantially outperform for oxygen evolution reaction (221 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and hydrogen evolution reaction (19 mV at 10 mA cm−2) compared to commercial Ir/C and Pd/C catalysts in acidic media. For OER at 1.53 V versus RHE, the PdCuIrCo/C exhibits an enhanced mass activity of 9.8 A mg−1Pd+Ir (about ten times higher) than Ir/C. For HER at ‐0. 2 V versus RHE, PdCuIrCo/C shows a remarkable mass activity of 1.06 A mg−1Pd+Ir, which is three‐fold relative to Pd/C. These improvements can be ascribed to the intermetallic ordered‐structure with high‐valence Ir sites and tensile‐strain. This approach enabled the realization of a previously unobserved mechanism for ordered‐phase NCs. Therefore, this strategy of making ordered‐phase NPLs can be used in diverse heterogeneous catalysis.

Disulfide zirconium (ZrS2) is a two-dimensional (2D) transition metal disulfide and has given rise to extensive attention because of its distinctive electronic structure and properties. However, mass production of high quality of ZrS2 nanosheets to realize their practical application remains a challenge. Here, we have successfully exfoliated the bulk ZrS2 powder with the thickness of micron into single and few-layer nanosheets through liquid-phase exfoliation in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) assisted via aliphatic amines as intercalators. It is found that the exfoliation yield is as high as 27.3%, which is the record value for the exfoliation of ZrS2 nanosheets from bulk ZrS2 powder, and 77.1% of ZrS2 nanosheets are 2–3 layers. The molecular geometric size and aliphatic amine basicity have important impact on the exfoliation. Furthermore, the ZrS2 nanosheets have been used as catalyst in the electrocatalytic dinitrogen reduction with the NH3 yield of 57.75 μg h−1 mgcat.−1, which is twice that by ZrS2 nanofibers reported in literature and three times that by the bulk ZrS2 powder. Therefore, the liquid phase exfoliation strategy reported here has great potential in mass production of ZrS2 nanosheets for high activity electrocatalysis.

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive and invasive primary brain tumor in adults, and its prognosis and survival rate remain poor. Despite substantial improvements in therapy, the 5-year survival rate of glioblastoma patients remains low. Sesquiterpenes have previously been found to be effective in inhibiting the proliferation and growth of breast, gastric, and lung cancer cells. Owing to their efficacy, sesquiterpenes have been used in various clinical trials. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer efficacy of a well-known sesquiterpene, Zingiberene, isolated from Zingiber officinale in C6 glioblastoma cells. Zingiberene suppresses the growth and proliferation of C6 cells. Upon treatment of C6 cells with zingiberene, nuclear fragmentation and ROS were qualitatively enhanced compared to untreated control cells. The levels of caspase-3 were also significantly reduced (p<0.01), with a concomitant decline in the mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl-2. On the basis of molecular docking studies, Zingiberene demonstrated good binding energy score of -6.8 and -5.5 Kcal/mol towards Bax and Bcl-2 proteins, respectively. Based on these observations, it was inferred that zingiberene has potential as a plausible therapeutic agent against glioblastoma cells. Detailed mechanistic studies are needed to substantiate and establish the anticancer effects of zingiberene against glioblastoma cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary focus of this study is to explore stakeholders' perspectives on how social media platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter influence land management practices and community engagement. Employing a qualitative methodology, this research delves into the complex interactions facilitated by social media, using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to communication, collaboration, empowerment, and awareness-raising among stakeholders such as local authorities, community members, environmental activists, and urban planners. The findings reveal that social media significantly enhances transparent communication channels, fosters collaboration among stakeholders, empowers local communities, and raises awareness about the importance of urban green spaces. However, challenges such as connectivity and literacy barriers persist, alongside opportunities for greater involvement and innovation. This study emphasizes the critical role of digital platforms in advancing sustainable land management practices, offering valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and community stakeholders. Future research should explore specific communication strategies, the impact of social influencers, and the integration of emerging technologies in urban planning. Ultimately, this research contributes to the understanding of how social media can support the development of environmentally friendly and resilient communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The endothelium plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction leads to vasospasm, vasoconstriction, excessive thrombosis, and abnormal vascular proliferation. Endothelial dysfunction may be present in asymptomatic individuals, those could later develop hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and heart-related problems, which is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in India. The markers of endothelial dysfunction studied in this work are high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), urine microalbumin creatinine ratio, and associated other markers such as lipid profile and fasting plasma sugar. Aims and Objective: The primary aim of this study was to assess biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD). The secondary aim of this study was to estimate the levels of serum hs-CRP, urine microalbumin creatinine ratio, lipid profile, and fasting plasma sugar level in patients with angiographically proven CAD. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from May 1, 2017 to April 30, 2019, at MGM Medical College, Aurangabad on approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee. A total of 231 patients with CAD of both sexes aged 21–80 years were included in the study. Serum hs-CRP was estimated by immunoturbidimetry, lipid profile by microslide method on VITROS 5600 (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ, USA), urine microalbumin by immunoturbidimetry, urine creatinine by enzymatic reaction, and urine microalbumin creatinine ratio is calculated. Results and Discussion: hs-CRP was elevated in smokers, especially in triple vessels as compared to single and double vessels in patients with CAD, whereas the difference was nonsignificant between two- and three-vessel disease groups. In this study, we found an increased association between patients with microalbuminuria and abnormalities in serum lipoproteins. These lipid abnormalities include a lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level as well as higher values for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total triglycerides. Conclusion: This study showed that hs-CRP and urine microalbumin creatinine ratio levels were higher especially in smoker patients with CAD. There was an increase in levels of serum triglycerides, hs-CRP, LDL, and reduced HDL cholesterol levels in patients with CAD.

This qualitative study explores the utilization of social media among Pakistani pilgrims during spiritual journeys and investigates its impact on their pilgrimage experiences. Thirty Pakistani pilgrims who had embarked on spiritual journeys to various religious sites were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the interview transcripts, revealing five main stages of social media usage: pre-trip preparation, real-time updates and guidance, community building and support, sharing experiences and insights, and post-trip reflection and engagement. At each stage, social media played diverse roles, including providing information and support, fostering connections with fellow pilgrims, sharing personal experiences, and facilitating spiritual dialogue. This explorative study underscores the significance of social media in enhancing the pilgrimage experience for Pakistani pilgrims, serving as a valuable tool for information dissemination, community building, spiritual support, and personal reflection throughout the pilgrimage journey. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how social media shapes pilgrims' experiences and fosters their spiritual growth, emphasizing the need for further research to explore the nuanced dynamics of social media usage in the context of pilgrimage. Overall, this study sheds light on the unique role of social media in the spiritual journeys of Pakistani pilgrims and highlights its implications for pilgrimage practices and the broader discourse on religious tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]