Search

Abstract As the crypto-asset ecosystem matures, the use of high-frequency data has become increasingly common in decentralized finance literature. Using bibliometric analysis, we characterize the existing cryptocurrency literature that employs high-frequency data. We highlighted the most influential authors, articles, and journals based on 189 articles from the Scopus database from 2015 to 2022. This approach enables us to identify emerging trends and research hotspots with the aid of co-citation and cartographic analyses. It shows knowledge expansion through authors’ collaboration in cryptocurrency research with co-authorship analysis. We identify four major streams of research: (i) return prediction and measurement of cryptocurrency volatility, (ii) (in)efficiency of cryptocurrencies, (iii) price dynamics and bubbles in cryptocurrencies, and (iv) the diversification, safe haven, and hedging properties of Bitcoin. We conclude that highly traded cryptocurrencies’ investment features and economic outcomes are analyzed predominantly on a tick-by-tick basis. This study also provides recommendations for future studies.

Dystocia, a challenging condition in obstetrics, can arise from various causes, including fetal monsters with structural abnormalities. This case report presents a unique case of dystocia due to a fetal monster known as Perosomus Elumbis in a beetal breed goat from Pakistan. The 4-years-old pregnant doe presented with prolonged straining and failure to deliver the fetus after 8 hours of labor. Upon examination, the cervix was dilated, and only the forelimbs of the fetus were visible in the birth canal. The subsequent delivery involved the application of manual traction by using a dystocia kit, and the removal of edematous fluid from the legs. The monster fetus exhibited absence of hair growth, along with the absence of thoracic vertebrae. Two other fetuses were present, with one found dead and the other alive. Post-treatment involved fluid therapy, antibiotics, and supportive care for the doe. This case report sheds light on the occurrence of Perosomus Elumbis fetal monsters and their impact on dystocia in goat breeding. Understanding the underlying causes and implementing appropriate management strategies are crucial for successful outcomes in similar cases.

Abstract High-altitude environments present formidable challenges for survival and reproduction, with organisms facing limited oxygen availability and scarce nutrient resources. The yak (Bos grunniens), indigenous to the Tibetan Plateau, has notably adapted to these extreme conditions. This study delves into the genomic basis of the yak’s adaptation, focusing on the positive selection acting on genes involved in nutrient assimilation pathways. Employing techniques in comparative genomics and molecular evolutionary analyses, we selected genes in the yak that show signs of positive selection associated with nutrient metabolism, absorption, and transport. Our findings reveal specific genetic adaptations related to nutrient metabolism in harsh climatic conditions. Notably, genes involved in energy metabolism, oxygen transport, and thermoregulation exhibited signs of positive selection, suggesting their crucial role in the yak’s successful colonization of high-altitude regions. The study also sheds light on the yak's immune system adaptations, emphasizing genes involved in response to various stresses prevalent at elevated altitudes. Insights into the yak’s genomic makeup provide valuable information for understanding the broader implications of high-altitude adaptations in mammalian evolution. They may contribute to efforts in enhancing livestock resilience to environmental challenges.

Abstract We examine the dynamics of liquidity connectedness in the cryptocurrency market. We use the connectedness models of Diebold and Yilmaz (Int J Forecast 28(1):57–66, 2012) and Baruník and Křehlík (J Financ Econom 16(2):271–296, 2018) on a sample of six major cryptocurrencies, namely, Bitcoin (BTC), Litecoin (LTC), Ethereum (ETH), Ripple (XRP), Monero (XMR), and Dash. Our static analysis reveals a moderate liquidity connectedness among our sample cryptocurrencies, whereas BTC and LTC play a significant role in connectedness magnitude. A distinct liquidity cluster is observed for BTC, LTC, and XRP, and ETH, XMR, and Dash also form another distinct liquidity cluster. The frequency domain analysis reveals that liquidity connectedness is more pronounced in the short-run time horizon than the medium- and long-run time horizons. In the short run, BTC, LTC, and XRP are the leading contributor to liquidity shocks, whereas, in the long run, ETH assumes this role. Compared with the medium term, a tight liquidity clustering is found in the short and long terms. The time-varying analysis indicates that liquidity connectedness in the cryptocurrency market increases over time, pointing to the possible effect of rising demand and higher acceptability for this unique asset. Furthermore, more pronounced liquidity connectedness patterns are observed over the short and long run, reinforcing that liquidity connectedness in the cryptocurrency market is a phenomenon dependent on the time–frequency connectedness.

This study aimed to investigate the physiochemical properties, techno-functional attributes, and proteolytic impacts of incorporating different hydrocolloids as fat substitutes in low-fat cheddar cheese. The effects of hydrocolloids (gums) and dietary fiber, both individually and in combination, were studied for the production of low-fat cheddar cheese with the same textural and functional attributes as full-fat cheese. Physicochemical, techno-functional attributes, organic acid, and proteolysis analyses were performed at 0 and 90-day storage intervals. The results of different combinations were compared with positive (4% fat) and negative (2% fat) controls, and it was observed that using fat replacers improved the textural and functional properties of low-fat cheddar cheese. A significant difference was observed in the meltability and flowability of low-fat cheese samples with different analytes. The proteolysis pattern in low-fat cheese also differed from that of its full-fat counterpart. Three treatments were considered the best: T2 (guar gum at 0.45%), T6 (guar gum, inulin, and resistant starch at 33%), and T7 (all analytes at equal concentrations). The findings revealed that hydrocolloids notably improved the texture, meltability, and sensory characteristics of low-fat cheddar cheese. Additionally, SEM images revealed that the microstructure variations can be attributed to changes in the hydrocolloids water retention and fat content. The Pearson correlation coefficient revealed relationships between different functional properties, contributing to understanding how hydrocolloids as fat replacers impact the overall quality of low-fat cheddar cheese. This study offers useful information for the dairy sector to manufacture low-fat cheeses that have enhanced customer acceptance and provide nutritional advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This present research was designed to investigate the antiinflammatory and immune-modulatory effects of a 50% hydroethanolic extract of "Gola" guava fruit (GF50%) and guava leaf (GL50%) against papain-induced knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (10 rats/group): T0 (negative control), T1 (positive control), T2 (200 mg/kg GF50%), T3 (400 mg/kg GF50%), T4 (200 mg/kg GL50%), and T5 (400 mg/kg GL50%). Physical parameters were evaluated throughout the trial, while biochemical, histopathological, and radiographic analyses were performed at 0, 15, and 30 days. The histopathological and radiographic analyses were evaluated using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score and Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) classification systems, respectively. Results and discussion: The T1 group demonstrated a significant increase in knee diameter, confirming successful OA induction. The T5 group maintained a significantly lower body weight at day 30, and the T3 group exhibited the highest weight gain. The high dose of GL50% (400 mg/kg) effectively reduced knee inflammation and significantly downregulated myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In contrast, it significantly (p < 0.001) upregulated the serum and knee capsule tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In addition, histopathological and X-ray examinations also confirmed the chondroprotective potential of GL50% extract against OA. Consequently, 400 mg/kg GL50% exhibited anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective potential by lowering oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines and elevating antioxidant status. These findings could provide a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism and potential medicinal value of guava fruit and leaf in treating KOA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]