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Fabric quality and performance is assessed subjectively by the customer using an important and complex phenomenon of fabric hand. Objectively, it is evaluated with complicated and expensive instruments, such as Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES-F) and Fabric Assurance with Simple Testing (FAST). The present research explores a non-touch objective approach, i.e., three-dimensional (3D) drape model to estimate fabric hand. Fabric hand prediction was testified on different commercial fabrics spanning a wide range of areal weight, thickness, yarn count, and fabric density. Fabric objective ranks based on drape indicators using principal component analysis (PCA) were compared with subjective ranks of fabric hand. Additionally, fabric drape is evaluated three dimensionally and a new drape indicator drape height (DH) is proposed. The cosine similarity results have proved fabric drape as an objective alternate to fabric hand.

In the apparel manufacturing, fabric utilization always remains the significant apprehensions in controlling the production expenditure. Alteration in pattern shapes and marker preparation leads to the enormous utilization of fabric. The purpose of this research is to study fabric efficiency in correspondence with four different human body shapes in both genders. Two clothing styles, fitted trousers and fitted shirts, were processed conventionally in the garment manufacturing company. The comparative study of auto-marker and manual-marker making through Garment Gerber Technology (GGT) software were also accomplished. The evaluation of fabric consumptions, marker efficiency, marker loss, fabric loss, and fabric cost relevant to four different body shapes was analyzed for both women and men. The investigation carried out in this article concludes that there are differences in fabric consumptions, efficiencies, and cost-effectiveness relative to body shapes. The result revealed that the manualmarker of trousers for triangular body shape in women’s wears has the least fabric consumption (most cost-effective), whereas the shirt’s auto-marker for an oval body shape in men’s wears has the most fabric utilization (least costeffective). The manual-virtual-marker making is efficient (significant p-value) than auto-generated-markers. Also, fabric utilization for women’s garments is cost-effective than that for men. Trousers are cost-effective compared to the shirts.

Cotton fibre maturity is the measure of cotton’s secondary cell wall thickness. Both immature and over-mature fibres are undesirable in textile industry due to the various problems caused during different manufacturing processes. The determination of cotton fibre maturity is of vital importance and various methods and techniques have been devised to measure or calculate it. Artificial neural networks have the power to model the complex relationships between the input and output variables. Therefore, a model was developed for the prediction of cotton fibre maturity using the fibre characteristics. The results of predictive modelling showed that mean absolute error of 0.0491 was observed between the actual and predicted values, which show a high degree of accuracy for neural network modelling. Moreover, the importance of input variables was also defined.

In this research work, thermal properties of plain woven fabrics generated from regenerated bamboo and cotton fiber blended yarns were investigated. Seven mixtures of fiber (100% bamboo, 100% cotton, 10:90 bamboo: cotton, 20:80 bamboo: cotton, 30:70 bamboo: cotton, 40:60 bamboo: cotton and 50:50 bamboo: cotton) were developed to create 60 Tex ring spun yarn. The warp yarns were used as 100% regenerated bamboo and the bamboo: cotton blends were used alternatively in weft to produce plain woven fabrics. The plain structured woven fabrics show eminent thermal comfort properties with the blending of regenerated bamboo fibers. The air permeability of 100% regenerated bamboo fiber was recorded higher than the compared blends; the increased key factor contents of bamboo changed the air properties of the fabric. Furthermore, plain woven fabric of bamboo/cotton (50/50) has shown greater thermal conductivity and heat retention properties. The work reported in this paper is ensuring highpoints of thermal comfort properties of regenerated bamboo (100%) and cotton (100%) with plain woven structured fabrics, and potentially, the fabrics can be used for winter suiting apparel products.

In order to generate the three-dimensional (3D) mesh of draped fabric based on a two-dimensional (2D) fabric projection, the 3D point cloud of draped fabric was scanned via a self-built 3D scanning device followed by triangulation. The 3D boundary of fabric drape model and the two-dimensional contour of the projection of the fabric drape model were extracted respectively. Two neural networks were constructed to bridge the 2D fabric drape projection and the 3D boundary of draped fabric. With the trained neural networks, the 3D boundary of draped fabric could be inferred by merely referring a 2D projection of draped fabric. Six reference triangular meshes with different triangle density were generated. Driven by two mesh deformation methods, Laplacian deformation and Poisson deformation, the reference mesh was deformed into 3D mesh similar to scanned fabric drape models (meshes). The result shows that the generated models have a high agreement with the scanned meshes. In addition, the Laplacian deformation outperforms Poisson deformation in generating 3D fabric drape models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic 3D human body measurement is a crucial issue for tailoring and made-to-measure. This paper presents a novel framework for 3D human landmarks extraction and measurement. The proposed approach first segments the 3D human body into 13 parts by utilizing an improved Mean Curvature Skeleton (MCS) algorithm, in which we modify the Laplacian operator used in the original MCS with mesh saliency to enable the segmentation boundaries to be closer to the human joints. Based on the human segmentation, K-Nearest Neighbors, linear modeling, and geometric methods are employed to extract at least 21 landmarks. Many essential landmarks, such as acromion, elbow, crotch, etc., are extracted in new ways. To our best knowledge, this is the first paper to propose a generalized solution to approximate the elbow point for arbitrary arm poses in the automatic 3D human measurement systems. Subsequently, various anthropometric measurements can be calculated according to the landmarks extracted automatically. The proposed method is validated on the public datasets and our real scans, and the experimental results have verified that the proposed approach is efficient and effective in processing various 3D human bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to originate two new notions that are soft rough Pythagorean fuzzy set and Pythagorean fuzzy soft rough set, and investigate some important properties of soft rough Pythagorean fuzzy set and Pythagorean fuzzy soft rough set in detail. Furthermore, classical representations of Pythagorean fuzzy soft rough approximation operators are presented. Then the proposed operators are applied on decision-making problem in which the experts provide their preferences in Pythagorean fuzzy soft rough environment. Finally through an illustrative example, it is shown that how the proposed operators work in decision-making problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In apparel manufacturing, more than 50% of the total cost is consumed by the fabric in comparison to the rest of the materials. The efficient use of fabric may result in the reduction of considerable expenditure and efforts. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose an image projected virtual marker (IPVM) onto the surface of fabric layers/plies to improve fabric utilization and visual quality control. 20 garment production orders are scheduled for experimental work to investigate the utilization of fabrics with imperfections. The statistical analysis indicates a 3.5%–4% improvement in the fabric utilization, a 22% improvement in throughput time of visual inspection, and a 25% reduction of labor intensity during visual inspection in the cutting room. The result implies that the proposed method is an efficient approach to improve fabric utilization and cost reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concept of generalized rough approximations for fuzzy filters in ordered semigroups is introduced. Then this idea is extended to rough approximations of fuzzy bi-filters and fuzzy quasi-filters in ordered semigroups. -fuzzy filters are a generalization of fuzzy filters and these can be further generalized by -fuzzy filters. Generalized roughness has been studied for both and -fuzzy filters of ordered semigroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]