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Foucault's concept of power/knowledge is a foundational framework that challenges traditional views of power as solely repressive, emphasizing the intricate relationship between power and knowledge in shaping social reality. According to Foucault, power and knowledge are not separate entities but are deeply intertwined, forming a complex web of relationships that govern social structures and individual experiences. Power is not just a top-down force but operates through various mechanisms and practices in society, influencing the production, dissemination, and regulation of knowledge. In this article we will understand the interplay between power and knowledge and its crucial role for comprehending how social dynamics, institutions, and practices are shaped. Foucault's concept highlights that power is not solely about domination but also includes agency, social structures, and meaningful interactions within society. By recognizing the generative nature of power/knowledge relations, we can analyze how power produces knowledge and how knowledge reinforces power in a continuous cycle. This challenges the traditional understanding of power as a negative force and suggests that power can be enabling and transformative. In essence, Foucault's concept of power/knowledge provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the complex relationship between power and knowledge. By recognizing the intertwined nature of power and knowledge, we can gain insight into how these forces shape social dynamics, practices, and individual experiences, offering a critical lens through which to analyze and interpret the complexities of power relations within society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experimental trials were conducted at Agronomy farm S. K. N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan) during kharif 2019 to identify the infestation of major insect pests of sesame (leaf roller and capsule borer, leafhopper and whitefly). Ten sesame varieties were screened to know their response on the basis of morphometric and biochemical characters. The morphological characters of plant showed that the variety RT-346, which had more number of leaves, branches, capsules per plant and number of trichomes per mm² was found least susceptible for the leaf roller and capsule borer, leafhopper and whitefly population. Whereas the variety RT-46 was found to be most susceptible, which had less trichomes than the variety RT-346. Thus, the morphometric characters like number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant and trichome density per mm², showed a negative correlation with the mean population of leaf roller and capsule borer, leafhopper and whitefly population in sesame. The total phenols had a negative and significant correlation, while free amino acids, total soluble sugars, protein content and chlorophyll had positive and significant correlation with leaf roller and capsule borer, leafhopper and whitefly population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fipronil is a broad‐spectrum phenyl pyrazole insecticide that has a high degree of environmental toxicity. Commonly available chilies in the market are treated with fipronil insecticides. Demand for insecticide‐free chili has thus been increasing globally. This needs various sustainable and economical methods to remove insecticides from chilies. The present study examined the effectiveness of several cleaning methods to remove pesticide residues in chili fruits. A supervised field trial was conducted in randomized block design at Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur, India. Chili samples were subjected to seven different household methods. The samples were extracted using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. The residues were analyzed using a gas chromatograph–electron capture detector and confirmed by GC–MS. Of the seven methods, the acetic acid treatment removes the maximum residue effect of fipronil and its metabolites (desulfinyl [MB046513]), sulfide (MB045950), and sulfone (MB046136) on chili fruits. By contrast, the tap water treatment was the least effective. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) have set the maximum residue limit value of 0.001 mg kg−1 for fipronil on green chili. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of the Seasonal abundance of major insect pests of sesame was carried out at the Agronomy Farm, of S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan), India. The insect pests, viz., leaf roller and capsule borer, Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup.), leafhopper, Orosius albicinctus Distant, and whitefly Bemisia tabaci Genn. were recorded as major insect pests of sesame. The initiation of the leaf roller and capsule borer population was recorded in the 34th standard meteorological week (SMW). However, the initiation of the leafhopper and whitefly population was recorded in the 33rd SMW. The peak of leaf roller and capsule borer, leafhopper and whitefly population was recorded in 36th SMW (7.20 leaf roller and capsule borer/five plants, 7.48 leafhopper/three leaves and 8.28 whitefly/three leaves, respectively), when the minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and relative humidity was 22.9°C, 33.8°C and 83 per cent, respectively. The population of leaf roller and capsule borer had a significantly negative correlation with maximum temperature and relative humidity (r = -68 and r = -0.69, respectively). The minimum temperature and rainfall had a non-significant correlation (r = 0.38 and r = 0.28, respectively) with the leaf roller and capsule borer population. The population of leafhopper and whitefly had positive and significant correlation with minimum temperature (r = 0.72 and r = 0.71, respectively) and relative humidity (r = 0.67 and r = 0.67, respectively) but non-significant correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.07 and r = 0.09, respectively) and rainfall (r= 0.19 and r= 0.17, respectively) with leafhopper and whitefly populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective : A consortium of global cleft professionals, predominantly from low- and middle-income countries, identified adaptations to cleft care protocols during and after COVID-19 as a priority learning area of need. Design : A multidisciplinary international working group met on a videoconferencing platform in a multi-staged process to make consensus recommendations for adaptations to cleft protocols within resource-constrained settings. Feedback was sought from a roundtable discussion forum and global organizations involved in comprehensive cleft care. Results : Foundational principles were agreed to enable recommendations to be globally relevant and two areas of focus within the specified topic were identified. First the safety aspects of cleft surgery protocols were scrutinized and COVID-19 adaptations, specifically in the pre- and perioperative periods, were highlighted. Second, surgical procedures and cleft care services were prioritized according to their relationship to functional outcomes and time-sensitivity. The surgical procedures assigned the highest priority were emergent interventions for breathing and nutritional requirements and primary palatoplasty. The cleft care services assigned the highest priority were new-born assessments, pediatric support for children with syndromes, management of acute dental or auditory infections and speech pathology intervention. Conclusions : A collaborative, interdisciplinary and international working group delivered consensus recommendations to assist with the provision of cleft care in low- and middle-income countries. At a time of global cleft care delays due to COVID-19, a united approach amongst global cleft care providers will be advantageous to advocate for children born with cleft lip and palate in resource-constrained settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present field experiment was carried out to estimate yield losses in brinjal due to brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee. The results revealed that the mean fruit yield obtained from the plots treated with alternate sprays of acephate 75 SP (0.03%) and dimethoate 30 EC (0.03%) was 203.47 and 202.13 q ha-1, whereas it was only 105.65 and 107.40 q ha-1 in untreated plots during 2019 and 2020, respectively. The yield obtained from treated and untreated plots differed significantly from each other and the increased yield was 97.78 and 94.73 q ha-1 during 2019 and 2020, respectively. The increase in yield over untreated control was 92.59 and 88.21 per cent while, the avoidable loss was 48.08 46.87 per cent during 2019 and 2020, respectively. The yield losses due to brinjal shoot and fruit borer could be avoided by the protective application of insecticides to brinjal crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation was conducted on the Screening of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. genotypes against Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch’ at Agronomy Farm, of S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan), India during kharif, 2016. Ten genotypes of cowpea were screened against A. craccivora and none of them were found completely free from the attack of pests. The genotypes, CPD-38 and CPD-174 were grouped as least susceptible, which recorded 18.96 and 23.40 aphids per three leaves whereas, genotypes viz., CPD-171, CPD-169, CPD-165, CPD-172, CPD-155 and RC-101 were categorized as moderately susceptible, which registered aphid population of 28.41, 31.61, 36.84, 38.18, 41.64 and 45.04 per three leaves, respectively and the remaining two genotypes viz., CPD-150 and RC-19 were highly susceptible which supported a population of 47.88 and 53.09 aphids per three leaves, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture farm S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan) during kharif, 2017 to know the response of 10 okra varieties against shoot and fruit borer, Earias spp., on the basis of shoot and fruit damage scale. Based on the infestation of the shoot and fruits (number and weight basis) the grading was done as least, moderately and highly susceptible. Among the 10 varieties, IIVR-11 and VRO-5 were categorized as least susceptible (harboured< 3.84 % shoot infestation); Arka Abhay, VRO-4, Pusa Makhmali, VRO-6, Arka Anamika and Kashi Satdhari as moderately susceptible and Pusa A-GR and Parbhani Kranti as highly susceptible against shoot and fruit borer (shoot infestation). Pusa Makhmali and VRO-5 were categorized as least susceptible and varieties IIVR-11, VRO-4, VRO-6, Arka Anamika, Kashi Satdhari and Pusa A-GR as moderately susceptible and Arka Abhay and Parbhani Kranti as highly susceptible against fruit infestation (both on the number and weight basis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A consortium of global cleft professionals, predominantly from low- and middle-income countries, identified adaptations to cleft care protocols during and after COVID-19 as a priority learning area of need., A multidisciplinary international working group met on a videoconferencing platform in a multi-staged process to make consensus recommendations for adaptations to cleft protocols within resource-constrained settings. Feedback was sought from a roundtable discussion forum and global organizations involved in comprehensive cleft care., Foundational principles were agreed to enable recommendations to be globally relevant and two areas of focus within the specified topic were identified. First the safety aspects of cleft surgery protocols were scrutinized and COVID-19 adaptations, specifically in the pre- and perioperative periods, were highlighted. Second, surgical procedures and cleft care services were prioritized according to their relationship to functional outcomes and time-sensitivity. The surgical procedures assigned the highest priority were emergent interventions for breathing and nutritional requirements and primary palatoplasty. The cleft care services assigned the highest priority were new-born assessments, pediatric support for children with syndromes, management of acute dental or auditory infections and speech pathology intervention., A collaborative, interdisciplinary and international working group delivered consensus recommendations to assist with the provision of cleft care in low- and middle-income countries. At a time of global cleft care delays due to COVID-19, a united approach amongst global cleft care providers will be advantageous to advocate for children born with cleft lip and palate in resource-constrained settings.

Objective: To determine the early effects of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) on regional left ventricular wall motion abnormality in patients undergoing surgery for proven Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)., Design: Quasi-experimental study., Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi. from October 2005 to April 2006., Patients and Methods: A total of a 100 adult patients who underwent elective CABG were selected. Pre-operative echocardiography was done to note if segmental left ventricular wall motion at basal, mid and apical levels were normal, hypokinetic, akinetic, dyskinetic, or aneurysmal. Postoperative echocardiography was done between 4th and 6th day and change in left ventricular segmental wall motion was noted., Results: Seventy-five patients (n=75) were included in the analysis. These results showed that effect of CABG on anterior segmental wall motion abnormalities was insignificant (p=.609), the effect on the anterior IVS showed deterioration of segmental wall motion and this effect was significant (p=.001), effect is insignificant on anteriolateral segmental wall motion abnormalities (p=.078), normal pre-operative segments in posterior wall showed stability (p=.664) while disappearance of dyskinetic, reduction in akinetic segments postoperatively and inferior wall motion have same effects as of posterior wall. Comparison of pre-operative and postoperative echocardiographic data revealed early improvement in segmental wall motion of posterior and inferior wall, while alterations in segmental wall motion of anterior, anterior-lateral and septal wall., Conclusion: Myocardial revascularization by CABG improves early left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities where SVG is used as conduit for revascularization whereas no significant improvement occurs in early segmental wall motion in areas revascularized by LIMA.