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Despite efforts to find effective drugs for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI), mortality rates in patients with SA-AKI have not decreased. Our study evaluated the protective effects of isoflavone osajin (OSJ) on SA-AKI in rats by targeting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, which represent the cornerstones in the pathophysiological mechanism of SA-AKI. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced in rats via the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) technique. Markers of oxidative stress were evaluated in kidney tissues using biochemical methods. The expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), caspase-3, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) was evaluated as indicators of inflammation, DNA damage, apoptosis, and SA-AKI respectively in the kidney tissues using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent detection methods. The CLP technique significantly (p

This paper aimed to examine the impact of flavonoid osajin (OSJ) on liver damage induced by sepsis. A total of 30 male rats were divided into 5 groups (Sham, sepsis, OSJ 150, OSJ 300 and reference). During sepsis, elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and catalase activity (CAT) and decreased glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were observed in hepatic tissues of sepsis group in comparison with Sham group. A strong interleukin-33 and caspase-3 expressions were detected in hepatic tissues of sepsis group. On the contrary, OSJ administration to OSJ 300 group showed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in LPO level (176±2.926) and significant increase (P < 0.001) in GSH level (10.586±0.083) and SOD activity (29.152±0.094) in comparison with sepsis group (185.777±1.735, 8.246±0.124, 24.307±0.379 respectively). In addition, the consumption of OSJ reduced expressions of interleukin-33 and caspase-3 and improved histopathological integrity. In conclusions, OSJ has hepatoprotective effect against sepsis-induced liver injury.

Abstract Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disease caused by the induction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the lungs. There is a dearth of drug applications that can be used to prevent cytokine storms in ARDS treatment. This study was designed to investigate the effects of tocilizumab and dexamethasone on oxidative stress, antioxidant parameters, and cytokine storms in acute lung injury caused by oleic acid in rats. Methods Adult male rats were divided into five groups: the CN (healthy rats, n = 6), OA (oleic acid administration, n = 6), OA + TCZ-2 (oleic acid and tocilizumab at 2 mg/kg, n = 6), OA + TCZ-4 (oleic acid and tocilizumab at 4 mg/kg, n = 6), and OA + DEX-10 (oleic acid and dexamethasone at 10 mg/kg, n = 6) groups. All animals were euthanized after treatment for histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, PCR, and SEM analyses. Results Expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 cytokines in rats with acute lung injury induced by oleic acid were downregulated in the TCZ and DEX groups compared to the OA group (P

Introduction and aim. Indo is widely one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and one of the common toxic effects of this drug is hepatic failure. Thymol is a monoterpene phenol with many different pharmacological activities. However, up to now its hepatoprotective effects on Indo-induced gastric ulcer model in rats have not been explored yet.Material and methods. Thirty five Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: control, ulcer control (30 mg/kg Indo), Indo + reference standard (50 mg/ kg Rantidine), Indo + Thymol (75, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) groups. 10 minutes after the induction of ulcer with Indo; Thymol was orally administered to the rats. Liver function enzymes (AST, ALT and LDH) were measured from serum samples. TOS/TAC, TNF-α and PGE2 levels, eNOS and Caspase-3 activity were assessed from tissue homogenate samples. In addition, histopathologic analysis on liver sections was performed.Results. Indo significantly increased the levels of hepatic enzymes, TNF-α and eNOS, and caspase-3 activation, while decreased PGE2 levels. Furthermore, it induced oxidative stress as evidenced by elevated TOS and decreased TAC levels. However, Thymol treatment induced a significant improvement in these parameters, especially in 250 mg/ kg dose. On the other hand, treatment with Thymol 500 mg/kg dramatically affected the parameters much worse than the Indo treated group.Conclusion. The findings of the current study demonstrated that Thymol administration significantly ameliorated liver injury due to Indo toxicity. This effect of Thymol (250 mg/kg) may be mediated by its anti-oxidative or anti-inflammatory effect, and up-regulation the synthesis of PGE2.

Objective(s): In the present study, our aim was to investigate the possible protective effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatotoxicity by using Hep3B human hepatoma cells. Specifically, the study examines the role of some proinflammatory markers and oxidative damage as possible mechanisms of LPS-associated cytotoxicity. Consequently, the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep3B was chosen as a model for investigation of LPS toxicity and the effect of EGCG on LPS-exposed cells. Materials and Methods:The Hep3B human hepatoma cells were used for this study. The cytotoxic effects of chemicals (EGCG and LPS), AST and ALT levels, SOD and CAT activities, GSH-Px level and TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were detected by using different biochemical and molecular methods. LPS and EGCG were applied to cells at various times and doses. Results:The highest treatment dose of EGCG (400 µM) led to a dramatic decrease in SOD level and increase in CAT and GSH levels. Additionally, the highest dose of EGCG also led to a dramatic increase in TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels. On the other hand, effective doses of EGCG (200 and 100 µM) normalized all related parameters levels. Conclusion:LPS caused hepatotoxicity, but interestingly, a high dose of EGCG was found to be a cytotoxic agent in this study. However, other two doses of EGCG led to a decrease in both inflammatory cytokine levels and antioxidant enzyme levels. Further studies should examine the effect of EGCG on secondary cellular signaling pathways.

Background. Inflammation and oxidative stress (OxS) contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Patients with DKD were found to be more prone to CIN. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a proinflammatory cytokine, but its role in DKD and CIN is unknown. Methods. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled. The first group was comprised of healthy rats (HRs), whereas the other four groups were made up of diabetic rats (DRs), diabetic rats with contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN + DRs), melatonin-treated diabetic rats (MTDRs), and melatonin-treated CIN + DRs (MTCIN + DRs). All groups except the HRs received 50 mg/kg/day streptozotocin (STZ). CIN + DRs were constituted by administrating 1.5 mg/kg of intravenous radiocontrast dye on the 35th day. MTDRs and MTCIN + DRs were given 20 mg/kg/day of intraperitoneal injection of melatonin (MT) from the 28th day for the constitutive seven days. Results. We observed increased IL-33 in the kidney tissue following induction of CIN in DRs. To determine whether MT is effective in preventing CIN, we administered MT in CIN + DRs and demonstrated that kidney tissue levels of OxS markers, inflammatory cytokines, and IL-33 were significantly diminished in MTCIN + DRs compared with other groups without MT treatment (p

Aim: Sepsis is a fatal serious clinical disorder. The oxidative stress in sepsis plays an important role in the inflammation. Therefore, the effects of oleuropein (OLE) and ceftriaxone (CEFT) on sepsis were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into five equal groups: Sham, Sepsis, CEFT, OLE-150 and OLE-300, The 150 mg/kg of ceftriaxone (i.p.), and 150 and 300 mg/kg OLE (p.o.) were administered to the treatment groups fifteen minutes before the experiment. After 24 hours, blood samples, lungs and hearts tissues were taken. The creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in serum, lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were all determined. In addition, the expressions of the interleukin (IL)-8 in lung and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-? in heart were pathologically and immunohistochemically were determined. Results: Sepsis caused significant increases in CK, LDH, LPO, GSH and heart CAT activity and caused inhibition of SOD and lung CAT activity (p Conclusion: Antioxidant and a notable anti-inflammatory effect of OLE by reducing IL-8 and TNF-? levels have been stated. Thus, a strong antioxidant, such as OLE, would be beneficial for the treatment of sepsis.

Amaç: Adolesanlar cep telefonlarının yoğun kullanımından dolayı risk altındadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ilk ve orta adolesan dönemlerde maruz kalınan 900-Megahertz elektromanyetik alanın, geç adolesan dönemde dalak üzerindeki histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal etkilerini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada 24 adet 21-günlük Sprague Dawley tipi adolesan erkek sıçan, kontrol (n=8), sham (n=8) ve elektromanyetik alan (n=8) gruplarına ayrıldı. Kontrol grubu sıçanlara herhangi bir uygulama yapılmadı. Elektromanyetik alan grubuna ayrılan sıçanlar, elektromanyetik alan kafesi içerisine alındı ve 900-Megahertz elektromanyetik alana (25 gün boyunca her gün 1 saat) maruz bırakıldı. Sham grubu sıçanlar ise elektromanyetik alan kafesine alındı fakat elektromanyetik alana maruz bırakılmadı. Uygulamaların bitiminde tüm hayvanlar servikal dislokasyon yöntemiyle sakrifiye edilerek dalakları çıkarıldı. Histolojik işlemlerden sonra, dokulardan kesitler alındı ve hematoksilen-eozin ve periyodik asit Schiff tekniğiyle ile boyandı. Dalak dokularında histopatolojik değerlendirme yapıldı. Biyokimyasal analizler ile oksidatif stres parametrelerinden lipit peroksidasyonu, süperoksit dismutaz, glutatyon ve katalaz düzeyleri incelendi.Bulgular: Histopatolojik değerlendirmede elektromanyetik alan grubu adolesan sıçanların dalak dokularında megakaryosit hücreler, genişlemiş beyaz pulpalar ve dilate sinüzoidaller izlendi. Biyokimyasal analiz sonuçlarına göre glutatyon ve lipit peroksidasyonu değerlerinin arttığı, ancak süperoksit dismutaz ve katalaz değerlerinin azaldığı tespit edildi.Sonuç: Adolesan dönemde uygulanan 900-Megahertz elektromanyetik alanın erkek sıçanların dalak dokusu üzerinde morfolojik yapıda değişiklikler meydana getirdiği ve oksidatif strese neden olduğu söylenebilir.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of melatonin on antioxidant capacity, inflammation and apoptotic cell death (through expression of cleaved-caspase 3) in lung tissue samples of diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 (control group) was made up of healthy rats. Group 2 (diabetes group) received streptozotocin at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 5 days.Group 3 (diabetes plus melatonin group) received streptozotocin at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 5 days and then they received melatonin at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day between 28thand 35thdays of the study. Results: Tissue MDA and MPO levels were found to be significantly higher in diabetes group compared to control group (p