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One series of total 5 phenylisoxazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine and five series of total 22 pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine compounds were designed, synthesized and evaluated for anti-oxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Compounds pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives (VIIIa'–d'), (IXa'–d') and (XIa'–d') exhibited significant antioxidant activity at 10 µg/mL better than compounds isoxazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives (IIIa–e). The maximum anti-oxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation activities were showed for evaluated compound (IXb') 90% and 68% activities comparable to Vitamin-C and with Vitamin-E which showed 92% and 70% of activity respectively. Furthermore, compounds (VIIIa'–d') showed the highest antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani species whereas compounds (IXa'–d') showed the highest antifungal activities against Cercospora arachidicola and Gibberellazeae zeae species. Finally as antibacterial activity the evaluated compounds (VIIIa'–d') showed pronounced antibacterial activities against Escherihia coli strain. All newly synthesized compounds structures were established on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectral IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comprehensive first-principles analysis of Ba4Sb4Se11 and [Ba4Sb4Se11]:Sr3+ Selenoantimonate Using DFT demonstrates its semiconductor nature, anisotropic ductile properties, and prospective optoelectronic applications, particularly in solar cells and LED technologies, supported by comprehensive structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical studies. All the relevant parameters were determined in this investigation using the framework of DFT by modified Becke Johnson approximations. These parameters include the extinction coefficient, absorption coefficient, energy loss function, reflectivity, refractive index, optical conductivity, and birefringes. The elastic parameters have been calculated based on anisotropic sound velocities and mechanical stability. These parameters include bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio. Based on an analysis of the energy band dispersions, it can be concluded that the examined compounds possess semiconductor properties. The data on elastic parameters suggest that the material exhibits anisotropic and ductile characteristics, which could have potential applications in optoelectronics. The Ba4Sb4Se11 (2.2 eV) and [Ba4Sb4Se11]: Sr3+ (1.68 eV) have a direct band gap, which falls within the visible spectrum showing semiconducting nature. The analysis of the thermoelectric properties of investigated compounds has been conducted using the Boltztrap code, marking a significant in scientific research. The study revealed that these compounds have the potential to be utilized in highly challenging transport conditions. Additional investigations and cooperation are essential for understanding the fundamental processes and enhancing the material for effective utilization in various technological applications for solar cells and LED in the energy and optoelectronic industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The harmful health effects of personal care products especially cosmetics have engulfed many societies of the world especially the female section without an alarm. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of cosmetic usage and to assess the experiences of Saudi female undergraduate students in Wadi Al Dawasir province in an attempt to arouse general awareness among Saudi students about the harmful effects of the chemicals present therein. Methodology: It is a cross‐sectional study carried out with a total of randomly selected 106 college students (female) at undergraduate level. Two colleges for girls of Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University at Wadi Al Dawasir region were included. Standard questionnaire was set in Arabic and English both. T test and data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi‐square/Fisher's exact tests and a P value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of using cosmetics (makeup) and average age of first use of the cosmetics was found to be quite high. Statistical analysis shows that 69.8% students applied daily and 23.6% students applied twice to thrice daily. Consequently, this makes a gross percentage of 93.4% among college going Saudi students who applied makeup on daily basis. The findings have shown that 93.2% female and married medical students use cosmetics twice/thrice daily. Similarly, 6.8% female and married medical students use cosmetics once daily. The findings have shown that 82.9% female and unmarried medical students possess knowledge about cosmetics. Similarly, 17.1% female and married medical students possess knowledge about cosmetics. Conclusion: The usage of cosmetics was found to be extremely high among the college going Saudi students in Wadi Al Dawasir Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Un‐awareness regarding the harmful effects of cosmetics was found to be high among these students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]