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"Sundown towns" across the US prevented racial and ethnic minorities from living and working within their borders as they forced minorities to leave these towns after sunset. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between historic sundown town status, COVID-19 local risk index and racial/ethnic city-level diversity. We used a multi-level hierarchical model was used to examine the effect of historic sundown town status on the COVID-19 local risk index and city-level diversity. Over 2,400 Sundown towns were cataloged across the United States, with the greatest density in the Midwest. Sundown towns, which historically excluded racial/ethnic minorities, had significantly less racial/ethnic diversity as measured and lower COVID-19 local risk index compared to non-Sundown towns. Findings show that residual segregation enforced by historic Sundown towns continues to impact current inequities among racial/ethnic minorities related to risk for COVID-19 at the neighborhood level. We recommend that public health officials for pandemic preparedness should devote greater resources to these historically segregated racial/ethnic minority areas because of the higher risk these areas possess because of structural racism brought on my historical segregation policies.

Abstract Background Therapeutic biologic agents are uncommonly associated with lymphoma. Case presentation We report a patient with psoriasis treated with the biologic agents efalizumab (Raptiva®) and etanercept (Enbrel®), who developed painless lymphadenopathy with peripheral lymphocytosis during treatment, simulating a non-Hodgkin lymphoma clinically and pathologically. Lymphocytosis and lymphadenopathy spontaneously remitted following cessation of etanercept therapy and have not recurred. Conclusion Distinction between clinically benign lymphoid proliferations related to antipsoriasis therapy and malignant lymphoma avoids the unnecessary use of anti-lymphoma chemotherapy.

Blaschkolinear Lupus Erythematosus (BLE) is an extremely rare subtype of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus that typically presents in childhood as linear plaques along the lines of Blaschko. It is important to differentiate BLE from linear lichen planus, as they have similar clinical manifestations but differ in histopathology, management, prognosis, and long-term follow-up. Serial monitoring is recommended for patients with BLE due to the potential for progression to systemic lupus erythematosus, and early use of hydroxychloroquine may delay this progression. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of this rare inflammatory condition. [Extracted from the article]

Background/Objectives: Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is a safe and effective treatment modality for inducing remission in paediatric Crohn's disease (CD). The primary aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of EEN to corticosteroid (CS) therapy in newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve patients with CD. A secondary aim was to describe the outcomes of EEN in a national cohort of paediatric CD patients over a 10-year period. Subjects/Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted at the Irish national referral centre for paediatric CD. A case-matched analysis was conducted on two cohorts matched for age, gender, disease location, disease behaviour and disease activity, who received CS or EEN as their initial treatment. Subsequently, cohort analysis was conducted on all patients who undertook a course of EEN therapy between 2004 and 2013. Results: The case-matched analysis found higher remission rates after treatment with EEN (24/28, 86%) compared with those with CS (15/28, 54%; P=0.02). Dietetic contacts were found to be pivotal to the success of treatment and the attainment of remission. In total, 59 patients completed EEN at some time-point in their disease course and were included in the cohort analysis. Sixty-nine per cent of this cohort entered clinical remission (41/59). EEN was found to be most effective when used as an initial treatment (P=0.004) and less effective in patients aged under 10 years (P=0.04). Conclusions: EEN should be strongly considered as a favourable primary treatment over CS, especially in those diagnosed over the age of 10 years., Author(s): L Lafferty [sup.1] [sup.2] , M Tuohy [sup.1] [sup.2] , A Carey [sup.2] [sup.3] , S Sugrue [sup.1] , M Hurley [sup.2] , S Hussey [sup.2] [sup.3] [sup.4] [sup.5] [...]