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19. Identification and formation pattern of metabolites of cyazofamid by soil fungus Cunninghamella elegans

Author

Lee, Hyeri, Kim, Eenhye, Shin, Yongho, Lee, Jong-Hwa, Hur, Hor-Gil, and Kim, Jeong-Han

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the formation of microbial metabolites from cyazofamid by the soil fungus Cunninghamella elegans. The incubation of cyazofamid with C. eleganswas conducted for 10 days. Cyazofamid disappeared after 7 days of incubation, producing three metabolites. Metabolites identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry were 4-chloro-5-(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-imidazole-2-carbonitrile (CHCN), 4-(4-chloro-2-cyanoimidazole-5-yl)benzoic acid (CCBA) and 4-chloro-2-cyano-5-(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)N,N-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonamide (CCHS). A new metabolite, CCHS, was further confirmed by 1H-13C HSQC (heteronuclear single-quantum correlation) using nuclear magnetic resonance. As a possible metabolic pathway, cyazofamid could be oxidized to CCHS, degraded to CHCN and further oxidized to CCBA. The metabolic system of C. eleganswould be a powerful tool for predicting and identifying phase I metabolites that could be formed in mammalian systems.

Published
2024
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28. Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance

Author

Munk, Patrick, Brinch, Christian, Møller, Frederik Duus, Petersen, Thomas N., Hendriksen, Rene S., Seyfarth, Anne Mette, Kjeldgaard, Jette S., Svendsen, Christina Aaby, van Bunnik, Bram, Berglund, Fanny, Bego, Artan, Power, Pablo, Rees, Catherine, Lambrinidis, Dionisia, Neilson, Elizabeth Heather Jakobsen, Gibb, Karen, Coventry, Kris, Collignon, Peter, Cassar, Susan, Allerberger, Franz, Begum, Anowara, Hossain, Zenat Zebin, Worrell, Carlon, Vandenberg, Olivier, Pieters, Ilse, Victorien, Dougnon Tamègnon, Gutierrez, Angela Daniela Salazar, Soria, Freddy, Grujić, Vesna Rudić, Mazalica, Nataša, Rahube, Teddie O., Tagliati, Carlos Alberto, Rodrigues, Dalia, Oliveira, Guilherme, de Souza, Larissa Camila Ribeiro, Ivanov, Ivan, Juste, Bonkoungou Isidore, Oumar, Traoré, Sopheak, Thet, Vuthy, Yith, Ngandijo, Antoinette, Nzouankeu, Ariane, Olivier, Ziem A. Abah Jacques, Yost, Christopher K., Kumar, Pratik, Brar, Satinder Kaur, Tabo, Djim-Adjim, Adell, Aiko D., Paredes-Osses, Esteban, Martinez, Maria Cristina, Cuadros-Orellana, Sara, Ke, Changwen, Zheng, Huanying, Baisheng, Li, Lau, Lok Ting, Chung, Teresa, Jiao, Xiaoyang, Yu, Yongjie, JiaYong, Zhao, Morales, Johan F. Bernal, Valencia, Maria Fernanda, Donado-Godoy, Pilar, Coulibaly, Kalpy Julien, Hrenovic, Jasna, Jergović, Matijana, Karpíšková, Renáta, Deogratias, Zozo Nyarukweba, Elsborg, Bodil, Hansen, Lisbeth Truelstrup, Jensen, Pernille Erland, Abouelnaga, Mohamed, Salem, Mohamed Fathy, Koolmeister, Marliin, Legesse, Mengistu, Eguale, Tadesse, Heikinheimo, Annamari, Le Guyader, Soizick, Schaeffer, Julien, Villacis, Jose Eduardo, Sanneh, Bakary, Malania, Lile, Nitsche, Andreas, Brinkmann, Annika, Schubert, Sara, Hesse, Sina, Berendonk, Thomas U., Saba, Courage Kosi Setsoafia, Mohammed, Jibril, Feglo, Patrick Kwame, Banu, Regina Ama, Kotzamanidis, Charalampos, Lytras, Efthymios, Lickes, Sergio A., Kocsis, Bela, Solymosi, Norbert, Thorsteinsdottir, Thorunn R., Hatha, Abdulla Mohamed, Ballal, Mamatha, Bangera, Sohan Rodney, Fani, Fereshteh, Alebouyeh, Masoud, Morris, Dearbhaile, O’Connor, Louise, Cormican, Martin, Moran-Gilad, Jacob, Battisti, Antonio, Diaconu, Elena Lavinia, Corno, Gianluca, Di Cesare, Andrea, Alba, Patricia, Hisatsune, Junzo, Yu, Liansheng, Kuroda, Makoto, Sugai, Motoyuki, Kayama, Shizuo, Shakenova, Zeinegul, Kiiyukia, Ciira, Ng’eno, Eric, Raka, Lul, Jamil, Kazi, Fakhraldeen, Saja Adel, Alaati, Tareq, Bērziņš, Aivars, Avsejenko, Jeļena, Kokina, Kristina, Streikisa, Madara, Bartkevics, Vadims, Matar, Ghassan M., Daoud, Ziad, Pereckienė, Asta, Butrimaite-Ambrozeviciene, Ceslova, Penny, Christian, Bastaraud, Alexandra, Rasolofoarison, Tiavina, Collard, Jean-Marc, Samison, Luc Hervé, Andrianarivelo, Mala Rakoto, Banda, Daniel Lawadi, Amin, Arshana, Rajandas, Heraa, Parimannan, Sivachandran, Spiteri, David, Haber, Malcolm Vella, Santchurn, Sunita J., Vujacic, Aleksandar, Djurovic, Dijana, Bouchrif, Brahim, Karraouan, Bouchra, Vubil, Delfino Carlos, Pal, Pushkar, Schmitt, Heike, van Passel, Mark, Jeunen, Gert-Jan, Gemmell, Neil, Chambers, Stephen T., Mendoza, Fania Perez, Huete-Pιrez, Jorge, Vilchez, Samuel, Ahmed, Akeem Olayiwola, Adisa, Ibrahim Raufu, Odetokun, Ismail Ayoade, Fashae, Kayode, Sørgaard, Anne-Marie, Wester, Astrid Louise, Ryrfors, Pia, Holmstad, Rune, Mohsin, Mashkoor, Hasan, Rumina, Shakoor, Sadia, Gustafson, Natalie Weiler, Schill, Claudia Huber, Rojas, Maria Luz Zamudio, Velasquez, Jorge Echevarria, Magtibay, Bonifacio B., Catangcatang, Kris, Sibulo, Ruby, Yauce, Felipe Campos, Wasyl, Dariusz, Manaia, Celia, Rocha, Jaqueline, Martins, Jose, Álvaro, Pedro, Di Yoong Wen, Doris, Shin, Hanseob, Hur, Hor-Gil, Yoon, Sukhwan, Bosevska, Golubinka, Kochubovski, Mihail, Cojocaru, Radu, Burduniuc, Olga, Hong, Pei-Ying, Perry, Meghan Rose, Gassama, Amy, Radosavljevic, Vladimir, Tay, Moon Y. F., Zuniga-Montanez, Rogelio, Wuertz, Stefan, Gavačová, Dagmar, Pastuchová, Katarína, Truska, Peter, Trkov, Marija, Keddy, Karen, Esterhuyse, Kerneels, Song, Min Joon, Quintela-Baluja, Marcos, Lopez, Mariano Gomez, Cerdà-Cuéllar, Marta, Perera, R.R.D.P., Bandara, N.K.B.K.R.G.W., Premasiri, H.I., Pathirage, Sujatha, Charlemagne, Kareem, Rutgersson, Carolin, Norrgren, Leif, Örn, Stefan, Boss, Renate, Van der Heijden, Tanja, Hong, Yu-Ping, Kumburu, Happiness Houka, Mdegela, Robinson Hammerthon, Hounmanou, Yaovi Mahuton Gildas, Chonsin, Kaknokrat, Suthienkul, Orasa, Thamlikitkul, Visanu, de Roda Husman, Ana Maria, Bidjada, Bawimodom, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, Nikiema-Pessinaba, Somtinda Christelle, Levent, Belkis, Kurekci, Cemil, Ejobi, Francis, Kalule, John Bosco, Thomsen, Jens, Obaidi, Ouidiane, Jassim, Laila Mohamed, Moore, Andrew, Leonard, Anne, Graham, David W., Bunce, Joshua T., Zhang, Lihong, Gaze, William H., Lefor, Brett, Capone, Drew, Sozzi, Emanuele, Brown, Joe, Meschke, John Scott, Sobsey, Mark D., Davis, Michael, Beck, Nicola Koren, Sukapanpatharam, Pardi, Truong, Phuong, Lilienthal, Ronald, Kang, Sanghoon, Wittum, Thomas E., Rigamonti, Natalia, Baklayan, Patricia, Van, Chinh Dang, Tran, Doan Minh Nguyen, Do Phuc, Nguyen, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Larsson, D. G. Joakim, Koopmans, Marion, Woolhouse, Mark, Aarestrup, Frank M., Virology, Producció Animal, and Sanitat Animal

Subjects
genomic analysis, sewage, antimicrobial resistance, Multidisciplinary, Sewage, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Metagenome, General Physics and Astronomy, Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics, Genomics, General Chemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries, collected from 2016 to 2019. We find regional patterns in resistomes, and these differ between subsets corresponding to drug classes and are partly driven by taxonomic variation. The genetic environments of 49 common ARGs are highly diverse, with most common ARGs carried by multiple distinct genomic contexts globally and sometimes on plasmids. Analysis of flanking sequence revealed ARG-specific patterns of dispersal limitation and global transmission. Our data furthermore suggest certain geographies are more prone to transmission events and should receive additional attention. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries, collected from 2016 to 2019. We find regional patterns in resistomes, and these differ between subsets corresponding to drug classes and are partly driven by taxonomic variation. The genetic environments of 49 common ARGs are highly diverse, with most common ARGs carried by multiple distinct genomic contexts globally and sometimes on plasmids. Analysis of flanking sequence revealed ARG-specific patterns of dispersal limitation and global transmission. Our data furthermore suggest certain geographies are more prone to transmission events and should receive additional attention.

Published
2022

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