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1. Mass Flow Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 for quantified COVID-19 Risk Analysis

Author

Huppes, Gjalt and Huele, Ruben

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Economics - General Economics
Abstract

How may exposure risks to SARS-CoV-2 be assessed quantitatively? The material metabolism approach of Industrial Ecology can be applied to the mass flows of these virions by their numbers, as a key step in the analysis of the current pandemic. Several transmission routes of SARS-2 from emission by a person to exposure of another person have been modelled and quantified. Start is a COVID-19 illness progression model specifying rising emissions by an infected person: the human virion factory. The first route covers closed spaces, with an emission, concentration, and decay model quantifying exposure. A next set of routes covers person-to-person contacts mostly in open spaces, modelling the spatial distribution of exhales towards inhalation. These models also cover incidental exposures, like coughs and sneezes, and exposure through objects. Routes through animal contacts, excrements, and food, have not been quantified. Potential exposures differ by six orders of magnitude. Closed rooms, even with reasonably (VR 2) to good (VR 5) ventilation, constitute the major exposure risks. Close person-to-person contacts of longer duration create two orders of magnitude lower exposure risks. Open spaces may create risks an order of magnitude lower again. Burst of larger droplets may cause a common cold but not viral pneumonia as the virions in such droplets cannot reach the alveoli. Fomites have not shown viable viruses in hospitals, let alone infections. Infection by animals might be possible, as by cats and ferrets kept as pets. These results indicate priority domains for individual and collective measures. The wide divergence in outcomes indicates robustness to most modelling and data improvements, hardly leading to major changes in relative exposure potentials. However, models and data can substantially be improved., Comment: 18 pages. 5 figures and 3 tables, included in the text body. Paper under review in the Journal of Industrial Ecology. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Virion Mass Balance; Routes to Exposure; Epidemic; Pandemic; Ventilation Rate; Risk Analysis

Published
2020

2. Modelling the Energy Transition: Towards an Application of Agent Based Modelling to Integrated Assessment Modelling

Author

Kraan, Oscar, Kramer, Gert Jan, van der Lei, Telli, Huppes, Gjalt, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory editor, Jager, Wander, editor, Verbrugge, Rineke, editor, Flache, Andreas, editor, de Roo, Gert, editor, Hoogduin, Lex, editor, and Hemelrijk, Charlotte, editor

Published
2017
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15. Impact assessment

Author

de Bruijn, Hans, van Duin, Robbert, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., Guinee, Jeroen B., Gorree, Marieke, Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, Kleijn, Renée, de Koning, Arjan, van Oers, Lauran, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, Suh, Sangwon, Udo de Haes, Helias A., de Bruijn, Hans, editor, van Duin, Robbert, editor, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., editor, Guinee, Jeroen B., editor, Gorree, Marieke, editor, Heijungs, Reinout, editor, Huppes, Gjalt, editor, Kleijn, Renée, editor, de Koning, Arjan, editor, van Oers, Lauran, editor, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, editor, Suh, Sangwon, editor, and Udo de Haes, Helias A., editor

Published
2002
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16. References

Author

de Bruijn, Hans, van Duin, Robbert, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., Guinee, Jeroen B., Gorree, Marieke, Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, Kleijn, Renée, de Koning, Arjan, van Oers, Lauran, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, Suh, Sangwon, Udo de Haes, Helias A., de Bruijn, Hans, editor, van Duin, Robbert, editor, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., editor, Guinee, Jeroen B., editor, Gorree, Marieke, editor, Heijungs, Reinout, editor, Huppes, Gjalt, editor, Kleijn, Renée, editor, de Koning, Arjan, editor, van Oers, Lauran, editor, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, editor, Suh, Sangwon, editor, and Udo de Haes, Helias A., editor

Published
2002
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17. Interpretation

Author

de Bruijn, Hans, van Duin, Robbert, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., Guinee, Jeroen B., Gorree, Marieke, Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, Kleijn, Renée, de Koning, Arjan, van Oers, Lauran, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, Suh, Sangwon, Udo de Haes, Helias A., de Bruijn, Hans, editor, van Duin, Robbert, editor, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., editor, Guinee, Jeroen B., editor, Gorree, Marieke, editor, Heijungs, Reinout, editor, Huppes, Gjalt, editor, Kleijn, Renée, editor, de Koning, Arjan, editor, van Oers, Lauran, editor, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, editor, Suh, Sangwon, editor, and Udo de Haes, Helias A., editor

Published
2002
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18. Goal and scope definition

Author

de Bruijn, Hans, van Duin, Robbert, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., Guinee, Jeroen B., Gorree, Marieke, Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, Kleijn, Renée, de Koning, Arjan, van Oers, Lauran, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, Suh, Sangwon, Udo de Haes, Helias A., de Bruijn, Hans, editor, van Duin, Robbert, editor, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., editor, Guinee, Jeroen B., editor, Gorree, Marieke, editor, Heijungs, Reinout, editor, Huppes, Gjalt, editor, Kleijn, Renée, editor, de Koning, Arjan, editor, van Oers, Lauran, editor, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, editor, Suh, Sangwon, editor, and Udo de Haes, Helias A., editor

Published
2002
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19. General introduction

Author

de Bruijn, Hans, van Duin, Robbert, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., Guinee, Jeroen B., Gorree, Marieke, Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, Kleijn, Renée, de Koning, Arjan, van Oers, Lauran, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, Suh, Sangwon, Udo de Haes, Helias A., de Bruijn, Hans, editor, van Duin, Robbert, editor, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., editor, Guinee, Jeroen B., editor, Gorree, Marieke, editor, Heijungs, Reinout, editor, Huppes, Gjalt, editor, Kleijn, Renée, editor, de Koning, Arjan, editor, van Oers, Lauran, editor, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, editor, Suh, Sangwon, editor, and Udo de Haes, Helias A., editor

Published
2002
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20. Management of LCA projects: procedures

Author

de Bruijn, Hans, van Duin, Robbert, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., Guinee, Jeroen B., Gorree, Marieke, Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, Kleijn, Renée, de Koning, Arjan, van Oers, Lauran, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, Suh, Sangwon, Udo de Haes, Helias A., de Bruijn, Hans, editor, van Duin, Robbert, editor, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., editor, Guinee, Jeroen B., editor, Gorree, Marieke, editor, Heijungs, Reinout, editor, Huppes, Gjalt, editor, Kleijn, Renée, editor, de Koning, Arjan, editor, van Oers, Lauran, editor, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, editor, Suh, Sangwon, editor, and Udo de Haes, Helias A., editor

Published
2002
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21. Main characteristics of LCA

Author

de Bruijn, Hans, van Duin, Robbert, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., Guinee, Jeroen B., Gorree, Marieke, Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, Kleijn, Renée, de Koning, Arjan, van Oers, Lauran, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, Suh, Sangwon, Udo de Haes, Helias A., de Bruijn, Hans, editor, van Duin, Robbert, editor, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., editor, Guinee, Jeroen B., editor, Gorree, Marieke, editor, Heijungs, Reinout, editor, Huppes, Gjalt, editor, Kleijn, Renée, editor, de Koning, Arjan, editor, van Oers, Lauran, editor, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, editor, Suh, Sangwon, editor, and Udo de Haes, Helias A., editor

Published
2002
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23. Summary of results

Author

van den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M., Bouman, Mathijs N., Kandelaars, Patricia P. A. A. H., Lexmond, Theo M., Moolenaar, Simon W., Boelens, Jos, Olsthoorn, Xander, Verkuijlen, Evert, Guinée, Jeroen B., Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, van Oers, Lauran, de Haes, Helias A. Udo, van der Voet, Ester, van den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M., Bouman, Mathijs N., Kandelaars, Patricia P. A. A. H., Lexmond, Theo M., Moolenaar, Simon W., Boelens, Jos, Olsthoorn, Xander, Verkuijlen, Evert, Guinée, Jeroen B., Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, van Oers, Lauran, de Haes, Helias A. Udo, and van der Voet, Ester

Published
2000
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24. Combining SFA and economic models

Author

Bouman, Mathijs, Heijungs, Reinout, van der Voet, Ester, van den Bergh, Jeroen, Huppes, Gjalt, van den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M., Bouman, Mathijs N., Kandelaars, Patricia P. A. A. H., Lexmond, Theo M., Moolenaar, Simon W., Boelens, Jos, Olsthoorn, Xander, Verkuijlen, Evert, Guinée, Jeroen B., Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, van Oers, Lauran, de Haes, Helias A. Udo, and van der Voet, Ester

Published
2000
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27. International developments

Author

de Bruijn, Hans, van Duin, Robbert, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., Guinee, Jeroen B., Gorree, Marieke, Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, Kleijn, Renée, de Koning, Arjan, van Oers, Lauran, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, Suh, Sangwon, Udo de Haes, Helias A., de Bruijn, Hans, editor, van Duin, Robbert, editor, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., editor, Guinee, Jeroen B., editor, Gorree, Marieke, editor, Heijungs, Reinout, editor, Huppes, Gjalt, editor, Kleijn, Renée, editor, de Koning, Arjan, editor, van Oers, Lauran, editor, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, editor, Suh, Sangwon, editor, and Udo de Haes, Helias A., editor

Published
2002
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29. Conclusions

Author

van den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M., Bouman, Mathijs N., Kandelaars, Patricia P. A. A. H., Lexmond, Theo M., Moolenaar, Simon W., Boelens, Jos, Olsthoorn, Xander, Verkuijlen, Evert, Guinée, Jeroen B., Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, van Oers, Lauran, de Haes, Helias A. Udo, van der Voet, Ester, van den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M., Bouman, Mathijs N., Kandelaars, Patricia P. A. A. H., Lexmond, Theo M., Moolenaar, Simon W., Boelens, Jos, Olsthoorn, Xander, Verkuijlen, Evert, Guinée, Jeroen B., Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, van Oers, Lauran, de Haes, Helias A. Udo, and van der Voet, Ester

Published
2000
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46. Guiding principles for the present Guide

Author

de Bruijn, Hans, van Duin, Robbert, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., Guinee, Jeroen B., Gorree, Marieke, Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, Kleijn, Renée, de Koning, Arjan, van Oers, Lauran, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, Suh, Sangwon, Udo de Haes, Helias A., de Bruijn, Hans, editor, van Duin, Robbert, editor, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., editor, Guinee, Jeroen B., editor, Gorree, Marieke, editor, Heijungs, Reinout, editor, Huppes, Gjalt, editor, Kleijn, Renée, editor, de Koning, Arjan, editor, van Oers, Lauran, editor, Wegener Sleeswijk, Anneke, editor, Suh, Sangwon, editor, and Udo de Haes, Helias A., editor

Published
2002
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47. Recommendations

Author

van den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M., Bouman, Mathijs N., Kandelaars, Patricia P. A. A. H., Lexmond, Theo M., Moolenaar, Simon W., Boelens, Jos, Olsthoorn, Xander, Verkuijlen, Evert, Guinée, Jeroen B., Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, van Oers, Lauran, de Haes, Helias A. Udo, van der Voet, Ester, van den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M., Bouman, Mathijs N., Kandelaars, Patricia P. A. A. H., Lexmond, Theo M., Moolenaar, Simon W., Boelens, Jos, Olsthoorn, Xander, Verkuijlen, Evert, Guinée, Jeroen B., Heijungs, Reinout, Huppes, Gjalt, van Oers, Lauran, de Haes, Helias A. Udo, and van der Voet, Ester

Published
2000
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