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A high percentage of graduates reflect the quality of training followed by an integral demand for human resource management. Traditionally, Grade Point Average (GPA) is the number indicating student performance at the end of each semester or a study program. If educational organizations engage in student performance at an early stage, they can provide proactive guidance to aid students to escalate the chance of completing a study program and eventually achieve a better GPA. On the other hand, there are few professional tools that allow universities to evaluate their students on a large scale by using different non-academic criteria/dimensions. Therefore, this study develops a Decision Support System (DSS) to assist educators to evaluate their students. Specifically, the system consists of three sub-modules and two steps of prediction. In the first step, DSS applies an attribute-based ranking method to assess the influence of each performance variable in the student learning program. Secondly, the system uses a decision tree and multiple linear regression algorithms to find out groups of students that have a higher potential of graduation. As a result, educators can provide appropriate plans and guidance for each group of students.

Background Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a significant public health issue in Asia-pacific countries. Numerous studies have examined the relationship between socio-ecological factors and HFMD however the research findings were inconsistent. This study examined the association between socio-ecologic factors and HFMD in multiple provinces across Vietnam. Methods We applied a spatial autoregressive model using a Bayesian framework to examine the relationship between HFMD and socio-demographic factors. We used a Generalized Linear Model (GLD) with Poisson family to examine the province-specific association between monthly HFMD and climatic factors while controlling for spatial lag, seasonality and long-term trend of HFMD. Then, we used a random-effect meta-analysis to generate pooled effect size of climate-HFMD association for regional and country scale. Results One percent increase in newborn breastfed within 1 h of birth, households with permanent houses, and households accessed to safe water resulted in 1.57% (95% CI: − 2.25, − 0.93), 0.96% (− 1.66, − 0.23), and 1.13% (− 2.16, − 0.18) reduction in HFMD incidence, respectively. At the country-level, HFMD increased 7% (RR: 1.07; 95%CI: 1.052–1.088) and 3.1% (RR: 1.031, 95%CI: 1.024–1.039) for 1 °C increase in monthly temperature above 26 °C and 1% increase in monthly humidity above 76%. Whereas, HFMD decreased 3.1% associated with 1 mm increase in monthly cumulative rainfalls. The climate-HFMD relationship was varied by regions and provinces across the country. Conclusions The findings reflect an important implication for the climate change adaptation strategies and public-health decision, of which development of weather-based early warning systems should be considered to strengthen communicable disease prevention system.

Climate-related disasters are increasing across the globe, but their adverse health impacts are unevenly distributed. The people most severely affected tend to be from socio-economically disadvantaged, vulnerable populations, who have high exposure to risk conditions and insufficient adaptive capacity. Despite the increasing health impacts of climate change and disaster risks felt in Asian countries such as China, Indonesia and Vietnam, there are few attempts to access and translate literature and evidence on climate-related disasters and adaptation activities from non-English speaking countries. Conducted by a multi-country project team, this review aims to better understand the current literature and to study gaps in these three countries through an extensive search of literature, in English, Chinese, Indonesian and Vietnamese. Through a systematic review process a total of 298 studies out of 10,139 were included in this study. Key findings confirm that all three countries have experienced increasing climate-related disasters with their associated health impacts, and that adaptation strategies are urgently needed to reduce the risk and vulnerability of the most affected populations. Future studies should consider conducting vulnerability assessments to inform translational research on developing effective adaptation strategies. Authors commented that a common challenge they found was the shortterm nature of disaster response mechanisms, and the lack of long-term investment and policy support for capacity building and multi-sectoral collaborative research that address the needs of populations vulnerable to climate-related disasters. Thus, to better prepare for future disasters, it is vital that governments and international agencies prioritize funding policies to fill this gap.

Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is an emerging infectious disease that affects thousands of children every year in Vietnam, especially in the Mekong Delta Region (MDR). This study aims to analyse both provincial and regional level effects of climate factors on HFMD in multiple provinces of this high-risk region. Generalized linear models were used to analyse the daily effects of average temperature, humidity and rainfall on HFMD incidence in each province (provincial-level effects), and random-effect meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled effect size of these climate–HFMD associations (regional-level effects). Daily effects of the climate factors on HFMD were found at both provincial level and regional level. At provincial level, temperature and humidity had statistically significant positive associations with HFMD while rainfall had both positive and negative associations with HFMD at different lag days. At regional level, temperature and humidity were positively associated with HFMD at lag 0 days (1.7%; 95%CI 0.1%–3.3%) and at lag 3 days (0.3%; 95%CI 0.1%–0.5%), respectively. In contrast, rainfall was found to be negatively associated with HFMD at lag 5 days (− 0.3%; 95%CI − 0.4% to − 0.1%). Heterogeneities of the effects of rainfall on HFMD were found to be higher than those of temperature or humidity. This is the first study to address the climate–HFMD associations in multiple provinces of the MDR. These associations draw attention to climate-related health issues and will help in developing an environment-based early warning system for HFMD prevention and control.

This study examined the temporal and spatial patterns of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in the Mekong Delta region in Vietnam. A time-series analysis was used to examine the temporal patterns of HFMD in relation to climate factors while a retrospective space-time scan was used to detect the high-risk space-time clusters of this disease. A 1°C increase in average temperature was associated with 5.6% increase in HFMD rate at lag 5days (95% CI 0.3-10.9). A 1% increase in humidity had equal influence of 1.7% increases on HFMD rate at both lag 3days and 6days (95% CI 0.7-2.7 and 95% CI 0.8-2.6, respectively). An increase in 1 unit of rainfall was associated with a 0.5% increase of HFMD rate on the lag 1 and 6days (95% CI 0.2-0.9 and 95% CI 0.1-0.8, respectively). The predictive model indicated that the peak of HFMD was from October to December - the rainy season in the Mekong Delta region. Most high-risk clusters were located in areas with high population density and close to transport routes. The findings suggest that HFMD is influenced by climate factors and is likely to increase in the future due to climate change related weather events.

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of socioecological factors on multiple communicable diseases across Vietnam.MethodsWe used the Moran's I tests to evaluate spatial clusters of diseases and applied multilevel negative binomial regression models using the Bayesian framework to analyse the association between socioecological factors and the diseases queried by oral, airborne, vector-borne, and animal transmission diseases.Results and significanceThe study found that oral-transmission diseases were spatially distributed across the country; whereas, the airborne-transmission diseases were more clustered in the Northwest and vector-borne transmission diseases were more clustered in the South. Most of diseases were sensitive with climatic factors. For instance, a 1 degrees C increase in average temperature is significantly associated with 0.4% ( 95CI, 0.3 +/- 0.5), 2.5% ( 95% CI, 1.4 +/- 3.6), 0.9% ( 95% CI, 0.6 +/- 1.4), 1.1% ( 95% CI), 5% ( 95% CI, 3-.7.4), 0.4% ( 95% CI, 0.2 +/- 0.7), and 2% ( 95% CI, 1.5 +/- 2.8) increase in risk of diarrhoea, shigellosis, mumps, influenza, dengue, malaria, and rabies respectively. The influences of socio-economic factors on risk of communicable diseases are varied by factors with the biggest influence of population density. The research findings reflect an important implication for the climate change adaptation strategies of health sectors. A development of weather-based early warning systems should be considered to strengthen communicable disease prevention in Vietnam.