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Fluorescent analysis of bone provides valuable insights into bone structures. However, conventional dyes suffer from low specificity on bone tissue, small stokes shift, short fluorescent lifetime, and aggregation‐caused quenching effect, which result in low efficacy and artifacts. In this work, we design an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active iridium(III) complex (Ir‐BP2) as a highly selective, convenient, nondestructiveness, and dual‐mode staining agent for bone analysis. Ir‐BP2 containing phosphonate groups selectively binds to hydroxyapatites, the main component of bone matrix, and exhibits turn‐on AIE phosphorescence with prolonged lifetime. Ir‐BP2 exhibits promising biosafety and offers higher accuracy in staining calcium deposits than conventional Alizarin Red S staining assay when it is employed in real‐time monitoring of osteogenesis differentiation process. A ready‐to‐use staining spray of Ir‐BP2 is fabricated. By using fluorescent imaging and lifetime imaging, Ir‐BP2 staining provides valuable insights into bone microstructure analysis, microdamage diagnosis, and bone growth state identification. Further, Ir‐BP2 is successfully applied on a human spine vertebra for diagnosing bone invasiveness of eosinophilic granuloma, validating its clinical practice. This work presents a powerful tool in bone analysis and will lead to new approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of bone‐related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing an all-in-one multimodal theranostic platform that can synergistically integrate sensitive photoacoustic (PA) imaging, enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) as well as the nano-enzyme activated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) presents a great challenge for the current nanomedicine design. Herein, a simple hydrothermal method was used to prepare porous molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) nanoflowers. These nanoflowers were assembled by three dimensional (3D)-stacked MoS 2 nanosheets with plentiful pores and large surfaces, which thus exhibited enhanced photothermal conversion via light trapping and peroxidase (POD)-like activity via active defects exposure. Consequently, this 3D-MoS 2 nanostructure could be well-sealed by polyethylene glycol-polyethylenimine polymer modified with nucleolar translocation signal sequence of the LIM Kinase 2 protein (LNP) via strong electrostatic interaction, which not only benefited to stably deliver anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) into the tumor cells for pH/NIR-responsive chemotherapy, but also provided strong photoacoustic, photothermal performances and stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for imaging-guided PTT/PDT/CDT combined therapy. This work promised a simple all-in-one multimodal theranostic platform to augment the potential antitumoral therapeutic outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)