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2. Non-Fickian Diffusion and the Accumulation of Methane Bubbles in Deep-Water Sediments

Author

Goldobin, D. S., Brilliantov, N. V., Levesley, J., Lovell, M. A., Rochelle, C. A., Jackson, P. D., Haywood, A. M., Hunter, S. J., and Rees, J. G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

In the absence of fractures, methane bubbles in deep-water sediments can be immovably trapped within a porous matrix by surface tension. The dominant mechanism of transfer of gas mass therefore becomes the diffusion of gas molecules through porewater. The accurate description of this process requires non-Fickian diffusion to be accounted for, including both thermodiffusion and gravitational action. We evaluate the diffusive flux of aqueous methane considering non-Fickian diffusion and predict the existence of extensive bubble mass accumulation zones within deep-water sediments. The limitation on the hydrate deposit capacity is revealed; too weak deposits cannot reach the base of the hydrate stability zone and form any bubbly horizon., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Published
2010
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7. Pliocene Model Intercomparison (PlioMIP) Phase 2: Scientific Objectives and Experimental Design

Author

Haywood, A. M, Dowsett, H. J, Dolan, A. M, Rowley, D, Abe-Ouchi, A, Otto-Bliesner, B, Chandler, M. A, Hunter, S. J, Lunt, D. J, Pound, M, and Salzmann, U

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) is a co-ordinated international climate modelling initiative to study and understand climate and environments of the Late Pliocene, and their potential relevance in the context of future climate change. PlioMIP operates under the umbrella of the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP), which examines multiple intervals in Earth history, the consistency of model predictions in simulating these intervals and their ability to reproduce climate signals preserved in geological climate archives. This paper provides a thorough model intercomparison project description, and documents the experimental design in a detailed way. Specifically, this paper describes the experimental design and boundary conditions that will be utilized for the experiments in Phase 2 of PlioMIP.

Published
2015
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8. Mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation simulated in PlioMIP2

Author

Zhang, Zhongshi, Li, X., Guo, Chuncheng, Ottera, O. H., Nisancioglu, Kerim H., Tan, N., Contoux, C., Ramstein, G., Feng, Ran, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Brady, Esther C., Chandan, Deepak, Peltier, W. R., von der Heydt, Anna S., Weiffenbach, Julia E., Stepanek, Christian, Lohmann, Gerrit, Zhang, Q., Li, Q., Chandler, M. A., Sohl, Linda E., Haywood, A. M., Hunter, S. J., Tindall, Julia C., Williams, C., Lunt, D. J., Chan, Wing-Le, Abe-Ouchi, A., Zhang, Zhongshi, Li, X., Guo, Chuncheng, Ottera, O. H., Nisancioglu, Kerim H., Tan, N., Contoux, C., Ramstein, G., Feng, Ran, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Brady, Esther C., Chandan, Deepak, Peltier, W. R., von der Heydt, Anna S., Weiffenbach, Julia E., Stepanek, Christian, Lohmann, Gerrit, Zhang, Q., Li, Q., Chandler, M. A., Sohl, Linda E., Haywood, A. M., Hunter, S. J., Tindall, Julia C., Williams, C., Lunt, D. J., Chan, Wing-Le, and Abe-Ouchi, A.

Abstract

In the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2), coupled climate models have been used to simulate an interglacial climate during the mid-Piacenzian warm period (mPWP; 3.264 to 3.025 Ma). Here, we compare the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), poleward ocean heat transport and sea surface warming in the Atlantic simulated with these models. In PlioMIP2, all models simulate an intensified mid-Pliocene AMOC. However, there is no consistent response in the simulated Atlantic ocean heat transport nor in the depth of the Atlantic overturning cell. The models show a large spread in the simulated AMOC maximum, the Atlantic ocean heat transport and the surface warming in the North Atlantic. Although a few models simulate a surface warming of ∼ 8–12 ∘C in the North Atlantic, similar to the reconstruction from Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) version 4, most models appear to underestimate this warming. The large model spread and model–data discrepancies in the PlioMIP2 ensemble do not support the hypothesis that an intensification of the AMOC, together with an increase in northward ocean heat transport, is the dominant mechanism for the mid-Pliocene warm climate over the North Atlantic.

Published
2021

12. Irish endocrine society: Proceedings of the 19th annual meeting of the Irish endocrine society held at University College Hospital, Galway in October 1994

Author

Fearon, U., Clarke, D., McKenna, T. J., Cunningham, S. K., Morrison, P. J., Hughes, A. E., Nevin, N. C., Russell, C. F. J., Powell, D., Hadden, D. R., Bonar, B. D., Smith, D. F., Darke, C., Hetherton, A. M., Smyth, P. P. A., Hunter, S. J., Harper, R., Ennis, C. N., Crothers, E., Sheridan, B., Atkinson, A. B., Bell, P. M., Hayes, F., McKenna, T. J., Sheahan, K., McCabe, M., Conway, D. J., O’Higgins, N. J., Smyth, P. P. A., Garry, P., Laski, J., Brosnan, L., Collins, P., Devlin, J. G., Heaney, A. P., Atkinson, A. B., Curry, W. J, Johnston, C. F., Buchanan, K. D., Sheridan, B., Mirakhur, M., Fiad, T. M., Culliton, M., Cunningham, S. K., McKenna, T. J., Lynn, J. A., O’Shea, D. B., Meeran, M. K., Jackson, J. A., Bloom, S. R., Hunter, S. J., Ennis, C. N., Sheridan, B., Atkinson, A. B., Bell, P. M., Hayes, F., McKenna, T. J., Sheehan, K., Hayes, F., Heffernan, A., McKenna, T. J., Nugent, A. G., McGurk, C., Rutherford, R., Hayes, J. R., Johnson, G. D., Cusack, Y. A., O’Riordan, D., McDermott, E. W. M., O’Higgins, N. J., Smyth, P. P. A., Roche, E. F., McCormack, I., Tempany, E. T., Smyth, P. P. A., Smith, D. S., Deegan, P., Owens, D., Gilligan, S., Collins, P., Johnson, A., Tomkin, G. H., Heaney, A., Harper, R., Ennis, C., Sheridan, B., Atkinson, A. B., Bell, P. M., Wiggam, M. I., O’Kane, M. J., Harper, R., Atkinson, A. B., Hadden, D. R., Trimble, E. R., Bell, P. M., Dunne, F. P., Heath, D. A., Rollason, T., Ratcliffe, W. A., Marshall, T., Cronin, C. C., Barry, D. G., Crowley, B., Ferriss, J. B., Kinsley, B. T., Simonson, D. C., Jones, R., Owens, D., Collins, P., Johnson, A., Tomkin, G. H., Fiad, T. M., Culliton, M., Cunningham, S. K., McKenna, T. J., O’Shea, D. B., Lambert, P. D., Bloom, S. R., Herbert, J., O’Hare, J. A., Abuaisha, F., Razza, Q., Geoghegan, M., Barrett, E., Clarke, D., Fearon, U., Cunningham, S. K., and McKenna, T. J.

Published
1995
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13. Evaluating the Dominant Components of Warming in Pliocene Climate Simulations

Author

Hill, D. J, Haywood, A. M, Lunt, D. J, Hunter, S. J, Bragg, F. J, Contoux, C, Stepanek, C, Sohl, L, Rosenbloom, N. A, Chan, W.-L, Kamae, Y, Zhang, Z, Abe-Ouchi, A, Chandler, M. A, Jost, A, Lohmann, G, Otto-Bliesner, B. L, Ramstein, G, and Ueda, H

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) is the first coordinated climate model comparison for a warmer palaeoclimate with atmospheric CO2 significantly higher than pre-industrial concentrations. The simulations of the mid-Pliocene warm period show global warming of between 1.8 and 3.6 C above pre-industrial surface air temperatures, with significant polar amplification. Here we perform energy balance calculations on all eight of the coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations within PlioMIP Experiment 2 to evaluate the causes of the increased temperatures and differences between the models. In the tropics simulated warming is dominated by greenhouse gas increases, with the cloud component of planetary albedo enhancing the warming in most of the models, but by widely varying amounts. The responses to mid-Pliocene climate forcing in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes are substantially different between the climate models, with the only consistent response being a warming due to increased greenhouse gases. In the high latitudes all the energy balance components become important, but the dominant warming influence comes from the clear sky albedo, only partially offset by the increases in the cooling impact of cloud albedo. This demonstrates the importance of specified ice sheet and high latitude vegetation boundary conditions and simulated sea ice and snow albedo feedbacks. The largest components in the overall uncertainty are associated with clouds in the tropics and polar clear sky albedo, particularly in sea ice regions. These simulations show that albedo feedbacks, particularly those of sea ice and ice sheets, provide the most significant enhancements to high latitude warming in the Pliocene.

Published
2014
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27. Irish endocrine society: Proceedings of meeting held 7th/8th November, 1997

Author

Gleeson, A., Owens, D., Collins, P., Johnson, A., Tomkin, G. H., Sexton, D. M., Creedon, G., Ledwith, M., Griffin, M., O’Meara, N., Collins, P. B., Kilbane, M. T., Tuite, A. M., Shering, S. G., Smith, D. F., McDermott, F. W. M., O’Higgins, N. J., Smyth, P. P. A., McKenna, K., Thompson, C. J., Kohler, W. M., O’Shea, D., Alaghband-Zadeh, J., Latham, K., Carter, G., Smyth, P. P. A., Shering, S. G., Kilbane, M. T., McDermott, E. W. M., Smith, D. F., O’Higgins, N. J., Lovell, S. L., Leslie, H., Doherty, C., Hadden, D. R., McGeown, Mary G., Kinsley, B. T., McKenna, T. J., Byrne, P. M., Gallagher, C., McKennal, M. J., Li Voon Chong, S. W., Darby, C., Freyne, P., Cullen, M. J., McKone, E., Heffernan, A., Darko, D. A., Kyrialcides, E., O’Shea, D., Burr, R., Carter, G., Armstrong, V. L., Ennis, C. N., Hunter, S. J., Sheridan, B., Atkinson, A. B., Bell, P. M., Giblin, L., Griffin, M. E., Otridge, B., O’Meara, N. M., Kinsley, B. T., Weinger, K., Bajaj, M., Levy, C. J., Waters, M., Simonson, D. C., Cox, D. J., Jacobson, A. M., Armstrong, V. L., Ennis, C. N., Sheridan, B., Atkinson, A. B., Bell, P. M., Traub, A. I., Creedon, G., Sexton, D., Griffin, M., O’Meara, N., Collins, P., Wiggam, M. I., Bell, P. M., Sheridan, B., Walmsley, A. E., Atkinson, A. B., Leary, A. C., Grealy, G., Higgins, T. M., Buckley, N., Barry, D. G., Murphy, D., Ferriss, J. B., McConnell, E. M., Bell, P. M., Hadden, D. R., McCance, R., Atkinson, A. B., Nikookam, K., Suliman, M. E., Carroll, M., Webster, J., Wilson, R. M., Cullen, D. R., McAllister, A. S., McCance, D. R., Hadden, D. R., Bell, P. M., Leslie, H., Sheridan, B., Atkinson, A. B., Alavi, Z., O’Hare, J. A., McAllister, A. S., Atkinson, A. B., McCance, D. R., Johnston, G. D., McKenna, M. J., and Freaney, R.

Published
1998
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32. Irish endocrine society: Proceedings of the 17th annual general meeting of the irish endocrine society held in Dublin on november 6th and 7th 1992.

Author

Bowie, A., Owens, D., Collins, P., Johnson, A., Tomkin, G. H., Barakat, M., Carson, D., Hetherton, A. M., Smyth, P., Leslie, H., Long, H. A., O’Herlihy, C., Smyth, P. P. A., Kirby, J., Fiad, T. M., Cunningham, S. K., McKenna, T. J., Devlin, J. G., Brosnan, E., Beatty, O. L., Harper, R., Sheridan, B., Atkinson, A. B., Bell, P. M., O’Hare, J. A., Abuaisha, F., Geoghegan, M., Brennan, G. M., Donnelly, J. P., McGrath, L. T., McVeigh, G. E., Johnston, G. D., Hayes, J. R., O’Brien, T., Nguyen, T. T., Kottke, B. A., Drury, R., Powell, D., Dundon, S., Hoey, H., Gill, D., Firth, R. G. H., Humphreys, M., Cronin, C. C., Barry, D. G., Ferriss, J. B., Freaney, R., NcBrinn, Y., McKenna, M. J., Dunne, F. P., Lee, S., Ratcliffe, W. A., Heath, D. A., Gleeson, C. M., Curry, W. J., Johnston, C. F., Buchanan, K. D., Hunter, S. J., Callender, M. E., Daughaday, W. H., McKnight, J. A., Mcllrath, E. M., Teale, J. D., Atkinson, A. B., Hayes, F., O’Brien, A., O’Brien, C., Fitzgerald, M. X., McKenna, M. J., Jones, R., Owens, D., Collins, P. B., Johnson, A. H., Tomkin, G. H., O’Meara, N. M., Blackman, J. D., Ehrmann, D. A., Rosenfield, R. L., Polonsky, K. S., Fiad, T. M., Culliton, M., Cunningham, S. K., Dunbar, J., and McKenna, T. J.

Published
1993
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39. Neuropeptide variability in man

Author

Onuoha, G. N., Nugent, A-M., Hunter, S. J., Alpar, E. K., McEneaney, D. J., Campbell, N. P. S., Shaw, C., Buchanan, K. D., and Nicholls, D. P.

Published
2000

41. Modelling Maastrichtian climate: investigating the role of geography, atmospheric CO2 and vegetation

Author

Hunter, S. J., Valdes, P. J., Haywood, A. M., and Markwick, P. J.

Abstract

In this paper we describe the results from an ensemble of palaeoclimate simulations of the Maastrichtian using the fully-coupled dynamic ocean-atmosphere General Circulation Model, HadCM3L. Using appropriate Maastrichtian boundary conditions, we investigate the sensitivity of the predicted palaeoclimate to changing atmospheric CO2 levels and modelled vegetation treatment. In addition, we explore the climatic response to the changed geography using a comparison with a pre-industrial experiment. We describe our results alongside the findings of previous modelling studies in particular with consideration to concepts of climate equability. Our findings demonstrate increased global temperatures compared with the pre-industrial experiment, with a 5.9°C increase in temperatures associated with the change to 1×CO2 Maastrichtian conditions and a further 3.9°C warming associated with a quadrupling of atmospheric CO2 levels. Compared to the pre-industrial we find a latitudinal temperature profile that is reduced in gradient and shifted to higher temperatures. Our control 4×CO Maastrichtian experiment exceeds the pre-industrial by 6.5–8.6°C, 7.4–11.2°C, and 10.1–32.4°C in the equatorial, mid and high latitudes respectively. We also find a general pattern of increased thermal seasonality in the high latitudes. In terms of global mean annual temperatures we find a range of 18.1–23.6°C for our 1–6×atmospheric CO2 envelope. Other than in the northern high latitudes we find satisfactory levels of agreement between the ensemble temperature envelope and estimates from palaeotemperature proxies. The inclusion of a dynamic vegetation model (TRIFFID) leads to a further increase in the thermal seasonality at high latitudes, warming in the mid to high latitudes and increased precipitation in the low and mid latitudes.

Published
2018

42. Irish endocrine society

Author

Gleeson, A., Owens, D., Collins, P., Johnson, A., Tomkin, G. H., Sexton, D. M., Creedon, G., Ledwith, M., Griffin, M., OʼMeara, N., Collins, P. B., Kilbane, M. T., Tuite, A. M., Shering, S. G., Smith, D. F., McDermott, F. W. M., OʼHiggins, N. J., Smyth, P. P. A., McKenna, K., Thompson, C. J., Kohler, W. M., OʼShea, D., Alaghband-Zadeh, J., Latham, K., Carter, G., McDermott, E. W. M., Lovell, S. L., Leslie, H., Doherty, C., Hadden, D. R., McGeown, Mary G., Kinsley, B. T., McKenna, T. J., Byrne, P. M., Gallagher, C., McKennal, M. J., Li Voon Chong, S. W., Darby, C., Freyne, P., Cullen, M. J., McKone, E., Heffernan, A., Darko, D. A., Kyrialcides, E., Burr, R., Armstrong, V. L., Ennis, C. N., Hunter, S. J., Sheridan, B., Atkinson, A. B., Bell, P. M., Giblin, L., Griffin, M. E., Otridge, B., OʼMeara, N. M., Weinger, K., Bajaj, M., Levy, C. J., Waters, M., Simonson, D. C., Cox, D. J., Jacobson, A. M., Traub, A. I., Sexton, D., Wiggam, M. I., Walmsley, A. E., Leary, A. C., Grealy, G., Higgins, T. M., Buckley, N., Barry, D. G., Murphy, D., Ferriss, J. B., McConnell, E. M., McCance, R., Nikookam, K., Suliman, M. E., Carroll, M., Webster, J., Wilson, R. M., Cullen, D. R., McAllister, A. S., McCance, D. R., Alavi, Z., OʼHare, J. A., Johnston, G. D., McKenna, M. J., and Freaney, R.

Published
1998
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46. Papaveretum In Women Of Childbearing Potential [with Reply]

Author

Allen, S., Jago, R., Barr, A. Marshall, Rimmer, M., Bird, Jane, Smith, T., Brock, P. J., Verghese, C., Ewart, M. C., Waldmann, C., Hall, Rachel, Young, E., Warwick, J. P., Spittal, M. J., Hunter, S. J., Asscher, A. W., and Fowler, L. K.

Published
1991

50. Patients withKCNJ11-related diabetes frequently have neuropsychological impairments compared with sibling controls

Author

Carmody, D., primary, Pastore, A. N., additional, Landmeier, K. A., additional, Letourneau, L. R., additional, Martin, R., additional, Hwang, J. L., additional, Naylor, R. N., additional, Hunter, S. J., additional, Msall, M. E., additional, Philipson, L. H., additional, Scott, M. N., additional, and Greeley, S. A. W., additional

Published
2016
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