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Mixed electronic and ionic conductivity (MIEC) perovskite oxides hold promise as cathode with high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operating at reduced temperatures. However, these MIEC cathodes usually contain lanthanide or alkaline-earth elements at A-site. These elements tend to interact with yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte (YSZ) to form unwanted phases such as La2Zr2O7 and SrZrO3 at conventional electrode fabrication conditions (>800 °C). Such unwanted interfacial reaction severely degrades the cell performance. We present a new method to assemble SrCo0.4Fe0.5W0.1O3-δ (SCFW) directly onto YSZ by a highly efficient microwave plasma technique. Intimate contact between SCFW and YSZ phases can be achieved by ten-minute microwave-plasma treatment with no new phase formation. Consequently, the microwave-plasma fabricated interface exhibits a notably high ORR performance, showing an area-specific resistances of 0.11 Ω cm2 at 600 °C, about two orders of magnitude better than the equivalent prepared via the conventional method. Our method is also effective in assembling other MIEC perovskite cathodes such as SrCo0.5Fe0.5O3-δ and SrCo0.8Nb0.1Ta0.1O3-δ on YSZ electrolyte, achieving notable enhancement of the cathode performance. This study thus provides an effective and convenient method for synthesizing reactive and robust interfaces between two incompatible phases with minimized interphase interactions.

The Taitung region is one of Taiwan's main sites for ginger agriculture. Due to issues with disease and nutrients, farmers cannot use continuous cropping techniques on ginger, meaning that the ginger industry is constantly searching for new land. Continuous cropping increases the risk of infection by Pythium myriotylum and Ralstonia solanacearum, which cause soft rot disease and bacterial wilt, respectively. In addition, fertilizer additives, which are commonly used to increase trace elements in the soil, cannot restore the soil when it is undergoing continuous cropping on ginger, even when there has been no observable decrease in trace elements in the soil. Recent studies about soil microbiome manipulation and the application of microorganisms have shown that plant-associated microbes have the ability to improve plant growth and facilitate sustainable agriculture, but studies of this kind still need to be carried out on ginger cultivation. Therefore, in this study, we used the bacterial 16S V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA region to investigate microbe compositions in ginger soil to identify the difference between ginger soil with and without disease. Later, to investigate the influence of the well-known biocontrol agent

This paper aims to explore the change of learning mode of college students from physical courses to online courses due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire survey method is used to conduct research on the behavior intentions of college students in online teaching under the pandemic. A total of 600 questionnaires are distributed, and 530 questionnaires are collected, for a recovery rate of 88%. A total of 493 supported questionnaires are received, for an effective recovery rate of 93%. Descriptive statistics of data analysis are used to analyze the distribution of background variables of college students, and a structural equation model is used to analyze and verify the impact of external variables (trust, convenience, perceived critical mass) on the technology acceptance model (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, and behavior intention). The results found no significant impact of the trust of college students in online teaching on the perceived usefulness, and significant impact of trust on the perceived ease of use. There is significant impact of convenience on perceived usefulness, and no significant impact of convenience on perceived ease of use. There is no significant impact of perceived critical mass on perceived usefulness, and significant impact of perceived critical mass on perceived ease of use. There is significant impact of perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness, and significant impact of perceived usefulness on attitude. There is significant impact of perceived ease of use on attitude, and significant impact of attitude on behavior intention. Based on the research results, practical suggestions and research suggestions are proposed in this research, which can be used as a reference for college students to use online courses for learning.

Vesicants, from vesica (Latin for blister), can cause local and systemic toxicity. They include the chemotherapy drug nitrogen mustard and chemical warfare agents sulfur mustard, Lewisite, and phosgene oxime. These agents are commonly released in vapor form and consequently, eyes and skin are the most vulnerable. The ocular and cutaneous injuries can be acute, subacute, or chronic, and can predispose casualties to secondary deleterious effects. Underlying these broad organ responses are shared and tissue-specific cellular and molecular biological cascades that attempt to counteract such chemical injuries. Depending on the severity of the chemical insult, biological responses often lead to inadequate wound healing and result in long-term pathology instead. Exposure to other toxic industrial chemicals such as acrolein, chloropicrin, and hydrogen fluoride, can also cause prominent eye and skin damage. There are currently no FDA-approved drugs to counteract these injuries. Hence, the possibility of a mass casualty emergency involving these chemicals is a major public health concern. Recognizing this critical challenge, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is committed to the development of medical countermeasures to advance national health and medical preparedness against these highly toxic chemicals. Here, we provide an overview of various HHS funding and scientific opportunities available in this space, emphasizing parallels between eye and skin response to chemical injury. We also discuss a main limitation of existing data and suggest ways to overcome it.

This research presents the implementation of machine learning (ML) for fault classification and diagnosis on vehicle power transmission system (VPTS). Machine learning method can be used to classify their independent diagnostic components for each fault characteristic states. Under the internet of vehicle (IoV) demands, early prediction system is necessary to notify the drivers or clouding services how the vehicle maintenance and the driving safety degree. The acoustic sensors can be carried out to realize a real-time diagnostic system for automobile engine and chassis transmission system. This method is to acquire the dynamics acoustic signals of the vehicle through the data acquisition device (DAQ). These acoustic features is firstly filtered by Mel-scale frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) to determine the each characteristic states of the vehicle engine and the chassis parts. Next, support vector machine (SVM), multilayer perceptron (MLP), deep neural networks (DNN),principal component analysis (PCA), ${k}$ -nearest neighbor ( ${k}$ -NN), and decision tree (DT) several classifier algorithms are applied to implement the feature classification of fault causes for stability and higher accuracy of VPTS. And dimension reduction model is compared and applied in proposed ML algorithms by an PCA algorithm. All training model datasets are carried out in Matlab and Python pytorch platform by using Nvidia graphics processing unit (GPU) processors, they are evaluated and discussed. The effectiveness on the filtered feature database in the experiments is classified by means of this research proposed schemes. The expected experimental results of the classification and identification with respect to different fifteen VPTS conditions are obtained and inferred.

The Taitung region is one of Taiwan’s main places for ginger agriculture. Due to issues with disease and nutrient, farmers cannot use continuous cropping techniques on ginger, meaning that the ginger industry is constantly searching for new lands. Continuous cropping increases the risk of infection by Pythium myriotylum and Ralstonia solanacearum, which cause soft rot disease and bacterial wilt, respectively. In addition, fertilizer additives cannot recover the soil when using continuous cropping on ginger, even when there is no decrease in trace elements observed in the soil. Although there may be other reasons for the reduction in production, such as soil microbes, we know little about the soil microbiome associated with ginger cultivation. Hence, in this study, we used the bacterial 16S V3–V4 hypervariable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA region to investigate microbe compositions in ginger soil to identify the difference between ginger soil with and without disease. Later, to investigate the influence of the well-known biocontrol agent-B. velezensis and fungicide Etridiazole on soil microbes and ginger productivity, we designed an experiment that collected the soil samples according to the different ginger cultivation periods to examine the microbial community dynamics in the rhizome and bulk soil. We demonstrated that B. velezensis is beneficial to ginger reproduction and suggest that it may influence the plant by adjusting its soil microbial composition. Etridiazole, on the other hand, may have some side effects on the ginger or beneficial bacteria in the soils, inhibiting ginger reproduction.

This study aims to investigate the effect of river improvement and greening projects on people and the urban happiness index. First, the quantitative method was adopted, and data collected from 734 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software. Then, the qualitative method was used, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the opinions of 12 interviewees, including scholars, government employees, citizens, and practitioners. Finally, we discuss multiple comparison analysis testing. The survey results indicate that river improvement and greening projects could be conducted to take advantage of diverse ecological environments, urban transportation planning, and geographical location. Such projects can help people relieve stress, even during the COVID-19 pandemic; improve their physical and mental health; and enhance their environmental awareness. However, due to poor traffic flow, a low space utilization rate, and inflexible management practices, visiting these environments has posed a risk of infection. As a result, most respondents indicated that the leisure benefits of green fields are limited and not helpful for improving their physical and mental health or having fun. Additionally, survey responses by people from different backgrounds (p < 0.01) varied. Therefore, we believe that by providing a safe living environment, strengthening disaster prevention skills and cooperation against epidemics, reducing accident risks, improving leisure safety and fluency, and planning diverse leisure activities, we can improve people’s perception of environmental experiences, promote leisure participation, improve leisure satisfaction, and enhance well-being.

In this paper, we propose user grouping, subcarrier allocation, and bit allocation schemes in multicarrier nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems on downlink beamforming to reduce the total transmit power while considering the data-rate and the error-rate constraints of practical modulation types. Power control is also considered. In this system, each subcarrier can be assigned to multiple users for data transmission. Each subcarrier is allocated to a cluster that contains groups of two users for data transmission. A subset of subcarriers is assigned to the same cluster for sharing. The system is based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), in which a primary user (PU) is more important than a secondary user, and we ensure that all assigned subcarriers transmit data to the PU in the system. In the proposed schemes, the user-grouping operation is performed first and the subcarrier allocation along with the bit loading and power assignment are performed subsequently based on the user-grouping results. The simulation results obtained using the proposed schemes in conjunction with the nonorthogonal multiple access to allocate bits, subcarriers, and transmit power show that the proposed schemes outperform the conventional OFDMA system in terms of transmit power.

This study aimed at exploring the impact of post-epidemic era on teachers’ behavioral intention of distance education. In this study, purposive sampling method was used to enroll 390 teachers in colleges and universities, high schools and vocational schools, and junior high and elementary schools to be the research subjects for the questionnaire survey. A total of 360 questionnaires were collected for statistics, and AMOS 23.0 statistical software was used to analyze the correlation between variables. Meanwhile, a structural equation model was used to analyze and verify the impact of the technology acceptance model, information system success model, and diffusion of innovations theory. According to the results, the system quality of distance teaching platforms certainly affected perceived usefulness, and perceived usefulness affected teachers’ attitudes toward using distance teaching systems. In addition, perceived ease of use had an impact on perceived usefulness, and trialability had an impact on teachers’ attitudes toward using distance teaching systems. Finally, teachers’ attitude toward using a distance teaching system also affected their behavioral intention. According to the results, suggestions were made in this study to teachers and students for distance teaching. Additionally, the main contribution of this study lies in providing specific strategies for further distance teaching through empirical results in combination with on-site teaching.

Device aging, which causes significant loss on circuit performance and lifetime, has been a primary factor in reliability degradation of nanoscale designs. In this article, we propose to take advantage of aging-induced clock skews (i.e., make them useful for aging tolerance) by manipulating and recycling these time-varying skews to compensate for the performance degradation of logic networks. The goal is to assign achievable/reasonable aging-induced clock skews in a circuit, such that its effective performance degradation due to aging can be tolerated. On average, 21.21% aging tolerance can be achieved with insignificant design overhead. Moreover, we employ V th assignment on clock buffers to further tolerate the aging-induced degradation of logic networks. When V th assignment is applied on top of aforementioned aging manipulation, the average aging tolerance can be enhanced to 29.15%.

Since the mass vaccination for COVID-19, several case reports indicated the risk of autoimmune disease flare-ups after the vaccination. Among them, COVID-19 vaccine-induced glomerular diseases have drawn attention worldwide. The cases demonstrating the association between the mRNA vaccine and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) exacerbation had been noticed. Mostly mentioned, the flare-ups usually occurred after the second dose.We present a Taiwanese female with IgAN who developed gross hematuria within only six hours after the first dose of the Moderna vaccine.Six hours after the first dose of Moderna vaccine on 8 June 2021, the patient developed gross hematuria and significantly decreased urine output. All symptoms resolved spontaneously on the fifth day after the vaccination without any intervention. On the fourth day after the vaccination, the patient were able to back to her original condition.This was an intriguing case of IgAN flare-up following the first dose of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination.

Environmental management studies have proposed that firms can achieve substantial cost advantages over competitors and enhance their competitive positions by implementing an environmental management system (EMS). This study further investigates strategic orientation (customer, competitor, and innovation orientation) and focuses on the effect of strategic orientation on EMSs and eco-innovation, it also examines the mediating role of EMSs in the relationship between strategic orientation and eco-innovation. Furthermore, this study investigates the moderating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between strategic orientation and EMSs. Reliability and validity analyses of a sample of 142 respondents indicated that the study design was effective, consistent, and reliable. The findings indicate that (1) strategic orientation (competitor and innovation orientation) positively influences EMSs, (2) EMSs positively influence eco-innovation, (3) absorptive capacity-enhancing strategic orientation positively influences EMSs, and (4) EMS intermediary strategic orientation positively influences eco-innovation. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of why some firms exhibit greater proactivity in EMSs than others do.

This study compares the difference between the GNSS P3 code-based time transfer data of the all-in-view (AV) and the proposed upsampled common-view (UCV) methods. The results show that the modified Allan deviations (MDEVs) of the AV and UCV difference for the TL-PTB link are 1.1×10-15 at 1 day averaging time and 9.3×10-17 at 1 week averaging time. The difference distribution appears as a bell curve with a mean of - 0.128 ns. For the OP-PTB link, the mean of the difference between the AV and UCV data is only 0.02 ns. The MDEVs of the difference are 1.28×10-15 at 1 day averaging time and 3.27×10-17 at 10-day averaging time.

Stretchable barrier films capable of maintaining high levels of moisture- and gas-barrier performance under significant mechanical strains are a critical component for wearable/flexible electronics and other devices, but realization of stretchable moisture-barrier films has not been possible due to the inevitable issues of strain-induced rupturing compounded with moisture-induced swelling of a stretched barrier film. This study demonstrates nanolaminated polymer/metal oxide stretchable moisture-barrier films fabricated by a novel molecular layer deposition (MLD) process of polyamide-2,3 (PA-2,3) integrated with atomic layer deposition (ALD) metal oxide processes and an in situ surface-functionalization technique. The PA-2,3 surface upon in situ functionalization with H2O2 vapor offers adequate surface chemisorption sites for rapid nucleation of ALD oxides, minimizing defects at the PA-2,3/oxide interfaces in the nanolaminates. The integrated ALD/MLD process enables facile deposition and precise structural control of many-layered oxide/PA-2,3 nanolaminates, where the large number of PA-2,3 nanolayers provide high tolerance against mechanical stretching and flexing thanks to their defect-decoupling and stress-buffering functions, while the large number of oxide nanolayers shield against swelling by moisture. Specifically, a nanolaminate with 72 pairs of alternating 2 nm (5 cycles) PA-2,3 and 0.5 nm HfO2 (five cycles) maintains its water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) at the 10-6 g/m2 day level upon 10% tensile stretching and 2 mm-radius bending, a significant breakthrough for the wearable/flexible electronics technologies.

Autophagy plays an important role in cellular response to pathogens. However, the impact of the autophagy machinery on bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) infection is not yet determined. A recent study in our laboratory demonstrated that BEFV triggers simultaneously the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Src/JNK-AP1 pathways in the stage of virus binding to enhance virus entry. In this work, we report that BEFV induces autophagy via upregulation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Src/JNK/AP1 pathways in the early to middle stages of infection and suppresses the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway at the late stage of infection. To activate NF-κB, BEFV promotes degradation of IκBα and activates Akt to stimulate NF-κB translocation into the nucleus. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that BEFV disrupts Beclin 1 and Bcl-2 interaction by JNK-mediated Bcl-2 phosphorylation, thereby activating autophagy. Overexpression of Bcl-2 reversed the BEFV-induced increase in the LC3 II levels. Suppression of autophagy either by knockdown of autophagy-related genes with shRNAs or treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor 3-MA reduced BEFV replication, suggesting that BEFV-induced autophagy benefits virus replication. Our results revealed that the BEFV M protein is one of the viral proteins involved in inducing autophagy via suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathway. Furthermore, degradation of p62 was observed by immunoblotting, suggesting that BEFV infection triggers a complete autophagic response. Disruption of autophagosome-lysosome fusion by depleting LAMP2 resulted in reduction of virus yield, suggesting that formation of autolysosome benefits virus production.