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The traditional educational paradigm has become outdated as a result of changes in both the cultural and socioeconomic setting. A more sustainable and acceptable teacher is needed in education. A quantitative study was conducted. 95 administrators and teachers at the University of Technology and Education participated in this study with the aim of analyzing the current status of the teacher education model at the institution. According to the findings of the study, the model for educator preparation has been put into practice primarily through the processes of planning, organizing and directing activities related to educator preparation as well as inspecting and assessing the quality of education. The outcomes of the study indicate that it is essential to design educational programs that are appropriate for the present context. In particular, the study suggests that one of the most important steps towards achieving success is to incorporate technology into teaching methods. The process of educating teachers with the right degree of expertise and skills should be emphasized by educators and policymakers by developing relationships with other educational institutions and allowing teachers to participate in internships.

For many researchers, satisfaction is a perennially popular research topic, with satisfaction in education being one of the most prevalent aspects. There are a few previous studies that have looked into the satisfaction of parents and students with their high school and college experiences. However, research on parental satisfaction with preschool education is limited, particularly in Vietnam. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influenced parents' satisfaction with their children's preschool education. A total of 511 parents in Danang agreed to take part in the study. In this study, multi-regression analysis was carried out to find out relations between response to information, teachers, and educational programs; financial costs; facilities, equipment, and supplies; care and support; and parents' satisfaction. It was found that a majority of participants expressed satisfaction with the quality of preschool education and showed their willingness to pay for it. The most influential factor affecting parents' satisfaction was identified as facilities, including other factors such as response to information, teachers, and educational programs; financial costs; care and support discussed in detail. Future research may build on the findings of this study and investigate additional factors such as practical and convenience factors or a measure of average classroom learning gains that may have an impact on the satisfaction of parents.

Background This retrospective hospital-based surveillance aimed to assess the epidemiology, causative pathogens trend, and serotypes distribution of pneumococcal meningitis among children aged under five years with bacterial meningitis in southern Vietnam after the introduction of pentavalent vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). Methods From 2012 to 2021, cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from children aged under five years with suspected bacterial meningitis at Children's Hospitals 1 and 2 in Ho Chi Minh City. Probable bacterial meningitis (PBM) cases were identified using biochemistry and cytology. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to confirm cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis (CBM) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Neisseria meningitidis. S. pneumoniae serotyping was performed. Results Of the 2,560 PBM cases, 158 (6.2%) were laboratory-confirmed. The CBM proportion decreased during the 10-year study and was associated with age, seasonality, and permanent residence. S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen causing bacterial meningitis (86.1%), followed by H. influenzae (7.6%) and N. meningitidis (6.3%). The case fatality rate was 8.2% (95% confidence interval: 4.2%-12.2%). Pneumococcal serotypes 6A/B, 19F, 14, and 23F were the most prevalent, and the proportion of pneumococcal meningitis cases caused by the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) serotypes decreased from 96.2% to 57.1% during the PCV eras. Conclusions S. pneumoniae is the most frequent causative agent of bacterial meningitis in children aged under five years in southern Vietnam over the last decade. Policymakers may need to consider introducing PCVs into the EPI to effectively prevent and control bacterial meningitis.

Background: Six basic characteristics of competency-based teaching are: (1) teaching is conducted based on performance and individual needs; (2) the process can provide immediate learner feedback; (3) performance competencies are determined based on work analysis; (4) the program contains measurable goals and (6) uses performance standards as a reference for performance evaluation. Objective: This study is conducted to investigate the training quality of Technical Pedagogical University according to competency-based teaching. Methods: This study uses a quantitative approach, a survey of 54 school administrators and 186 lecturers from Technical Pedagogical University and 43 school administrators from Vocational Schools in Vietnam. Results: The main findings of the current study are (i) the training quality at Technical Pedagogical University that school administrators and lecturers from Technical Pedagogical University reported was relatively high; (ii) the levels of satisfaction with task requirements at Technical Pedagogical University reported by school administrators at vocational schools were relatively high. Conclusion: Although the evaluation from school administrators and lecturers from the two institutes is quite high, educators should focus on diversified and effective methods to enhance the quality of teaching in educational settings, especially competency-based teaching in universities.

The article analyses the effect of factors impact on Social Responsibility Accounting (SRA) in listed Enterprises on Vietnamese Stock Exchange, providing more empirical evidence on factors affecting SRA. The research utilize a questionnaire survey of managers, chief accountants, and cost accountants in listed companies. The survey results collected 198 questionnaires. After eliminating the invalid questionnaires due to many blank cells, the author chose to use 183 questionnaires. The study employs Cronbach’s alpha analysis, exploratory factor analysis and multivariate regression analysis. Research results show that all 5 factors positively affect SRA, which includes legal regulation pressure, accountant’s qualifications, firm characteristics, perception’s top manager, and demand for CSR disclosure. According to results from the study, our paper has proposed recommendations to improve the ability of listed enterprises to successfully implement SRA.

This research aims at identifying factors influencing the trend of buying shoes for students of Tra Vinh University. With the method of random sampling, convenient collection of 200 valid votes. The sample was surveyed over 200 students in different faculties. The research is based on descriptive analysis, verification of reliability of scales by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to combine observed variables into each group of factors as the basis for the division linear regression analysis. The research results show that there are four factors that positively influence the trend of buying shoes such as product quality, price, services, brand. In contrast, the group of reference factors negatively affects the trend of buying sport shoes.

The symptoms of depression are related to low academic achievement, suicidal ideation and cause emotional sufferings, fundamental impairments which can influence students' abilities to perform essential activities of daily living. This study conducted to examine the relationships between depression and not only academic performance but also family structure. This study used the Beck Depression Inventory-II to survey 1336 students from secondary and high schools in Hue province, Vietnam. The findings of our study showed that there were associations between levels of depression and academic performance. Students with good or excellent academic performance were more likely to increase depression than others. Besides, students who had divorced or separated parents were more likely to increase depression gradually than the others. Context: The symptoms of depression are related to low academic achievement, suicidal ideation and cause emotional sufferings, fundamental impairments which can influence students' abilities to perform essential activities of daily living. Aims: This study conducted to examine the relationships between depression and not only academic performance but also family structure. Methods and Material: This study used the Beck Depression Inventory-II to survey 1336 students from secondary and high schools in Hue province, Vietnam. Results: The findings of our study showed that there were associations between levels of depression and academic performance. Conclusions: Students with good or excellent academic performance were more likely to increase depression than others. Besides, students who had divorced or separated parents were more likely to increase depression gradually than the others.

The objective of this research paper is to study the simultaneous relationship between fiscal decentralization, corruption, and income inequality among Vietnamese provinces. We use a balanced panel data set of 63 provinces/cities in Vietnam in the period from 2011 to 2018. The study used 3SLS-GMM (Three Stage Least Squares - Generalized Method of Moments estimator) and GMM-HAC (Generalized Method of Moments - Heteroskedastic and Autocorrelation Consistent estimator). Empirical evidence shows a strong simultaneous relationship: increased corruption will increase regional income disparities, income inequality, and increase fiscal decentralization. In addition, the results also suggest that an increase in per-capita income will reduce the level of corruption, or better control corruption of each province. The degree of increase in income inequality, which reduces fiscal decentralization, is the same for trade liberalization. All demonstrate that there is a simultaneous relationship between fiscal decentralization, corruption, and income inequality. In a region of high public governance quality, fiscal decentralization positively effects its economic growth. This issue will indirectly increase income inequality between provinces within a country. Our findings imply that a country’s fiscal decentralization strategy should be linked to improving corruption control and local governance effectiveness, indirectly improving income inequality between localities or regions.

Background In 2016-2017, 68 women in Southern Vietnam had RT-PCR confirmed Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy. We report here the outcomes of the pregnancies and the virological analyses related to this outbreak. Methods We collected clinical and epidemiological information from the women who were enrolled in the study. Medical records related to the pregnancy in 2016–2017 were retrieved for those who were not able to be enrolled in the study. Children born to women with ZIKV infection during pregnancy were also enrolled. Serum samples were evaluated for presence of ZIKV antibodies. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on Zika virus genomes sequenced from the 2016–2017 serum samples. Findings Of the 68 pregnancies, 58 were livebirths and 10 were medically terminated. Four of the medical records from cases of fetal demise were able to be retrieved, of which one was consistent with congenital ZIKV infection. Of the 58 women with a livebirth, 21 participated in the follow-up investigation. All but two women had serologic evidence of ZIKV infection. Of the 21 children included in the study (mean age: 30.3 months), 3 had microcephaly at birth. No other clinical abnormalities were reported and no differences in neurodevelopment were observed compared to a control group. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a clade within the ZIKV Asian lineage and branch at the root of samples from the 2013–2014 French Polynesian outbreak. The prM S139N mutation was not observed. Interpretation We have been able to demonstrate a clade within the ZIKV Asian lineage implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes in Southern Vietnam. Funding INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005) and a grant received from BNP Paribas Simplidon.

The northern coast of Vietnam has accumulated a significant amount of sediment discharged from the multiple distributaries of rivers such as the Red River and Ma River. While recent decreases of the sediment supply appears to have a significant impact on coastal erosion, the complex network of these distributaries makes it difficult to determine the overall spatiotemporal characteristics of sediment discharges and related topographic changes. The goal of the current study is to develop a satellite-based monitoring system for observation of turbidity discharged from the multiple rivers and to investigate the applicability of the developed monitoring system through a case study on the northern coast of Vietnam. Based on the in-situ observed data, a formula was determined for estimation of the surface water turbidity as a function of the red band reflectance of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) images. The formula was then combined with a newly determined threshold for cloud-masking to obtain maps of the nearshore turbidity patterns. These maps capture the spatiotemporal water surface turbidity along the entire coast of the Red River Delta and the coast around the Ma River mouth over the past sixteen years with frequency of twice a day. Finally, long-term trends of the turbidity patterns from multiple rivers were compared with the in-situ observation data and it was found that the Red River and the Ma River showed clearly contrasting characteristics, which reasonably explain the recent coastal shoreline changes and characteristics of sediment sampled along the coast.

Water is essential to life, making its total economic value immeasurable. At the same time water is a finite resource, and one for which competition is likely to increase as the Ho Chi Minh City’s economy grows. Driven by this heightened competition, the economic value of water will rise, and decision-makers in both the private and the public sectors will need information that can help them maximize the benefits derived from its use. This report is an initial step toward (1) raising awareness of water’s importance to our city economic welfare, and (2) assembling information that is critical to sustainably managing the city’s water resources. It emphasizes the analysis of the contribution of two important inputs to economic sectors: labor and water use; calculate the index of economic water productivity and show the necessary interventions in the face of water shortage.

This paper presents the benefits of PVA fibers in improving the mechanical properties of class F fly-ash-based geopolymer concrete. The activator used in the geopolymer was 8M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), with a mass ratio of Na2SiO3 to NaOH varied from 1.5 to 2.5. Cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 200 mm were prepared for mechanical strength tests. The PVA fibers in the geopolymers were fixed at 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% by total volume. Some mechanical tests were carried out, including compression, splitting, direct tensile and elastic modulus tests. It was found that the mixture with a ratio of alkalis of 1.5 and the PVA fiber content of 0.4% had the best workability. The highest compressive strength was obtained in a mixture with alkali activator ratios of 1.5 and 2.0, and with 0.6% fiber addition. The ratio of the tensile (and splitting-tensile) strength to compressive strength was found to increase with the certain amount of PVA fibers and the ratio of the alkali activators. The workability issue and fiber direction in the concrete were the dominant factors influencing the properties of geopolymer concrete.

The paper addresses the un-explored scenario in intelligent agriculture and computer science, e.g., pesticide label detection. The problem opens to an exciting challenge in image recognition where the deployed system heavily depends on the performance of machine learning models despite unconstrained environments. To build up the system, the authors collect a real-world dataset to evaluate several state-of-the-art object detection algorithms. The authors select a dataset of 1221 photos containing 32 common pesticides on mango trees. Then we evaluate off-the-shelf deep convolutional networks to detect pesticide labels and take into account the detection accuracy. Finally, we integrate the best model into our self-developed mobile application that (i) correctly detects pesticide labels online and offline and (ii) provides essential pesticide information to facilitate further integrated treatment and services.

Objectives: Rotavirus (RV) genotypes vary geographically, and this can affect vaccine effectiveness (VE). This study investigated the genotype distribution of RV and explored VE before introducing the RV vaccine to the national immunization programme in Vietnam. Methods: This hospital-based surveillance study was conducted at Children’s Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City in 2013–2018. Stool samples and relevant data, including vaccination history, were collected from children aged

Background Preterm infants in low- and middle-income countries are at high risk of poor physical growth, but their growth data are still scarce. Objectives To describe the growth of Vietnamese preterm infants in the first 2 years, and to compare with references: World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standards, and healthy Southeast Asian (SEA) infants. Further, to assess the association between growth in the first year and neurodevelopment at 2 years corrected age (CA). Methods We conducted a cohort study to follow up preterm infants discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit for 2 years. Weight, length and head circumference (HC) were measured at 3, 12 and 24 months CA. Neurodevelopment was assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development—3rd Edition at 24 months CA. Results Over 90% of the cohort showed catch-up weight at 3 months CA. Weight and length were comparable to healthy SEA but were lower than WHO standards. HC was significantly smaller than those of WHO standards with HC Z-scores steadily decreasing from −0.95 at 3 months CA to −1.50 at 24 months CA. Each one decrement of HC Z-score from 3 to 12 months CA was associated with nearly twice an increase in odds of mental delay at 24 months CA (odds ratio 1.89; 95% confidence interval 1.02–3.50). Conclusion Vietnamese preterm infants exhibited early catch-up weight but poor head growth, which was associated with later delays in mental development. Our findings support the importance of HC measures in follow-up for preterm infants.

Rainwater is considered a promising alternative water source for coastal areas where freshwater resources are increasingly under pressure. This study evaluates rain regime characteristics that influence the ability to exploit rainwater in the coastal provinces of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). In particular, it considers the impact of climate change and El Ni&ntilde, o&ndash, Southern Oscillation (ENSO) processes. We analyzed rainfall data from 102 monitoring stations across the VMD from 1989 to 2017. Using statistical methods, we explored (1) characteristics of the rainy season, including the dates of onset and cessation and season length, (2) average rainfall volumes, and (3) the maximum number of consecutive nonrainy days during the rainy season and over the year. We also analyzed changes in these characteristics over time, in parallel with ENSO processes and climate change. Trend lines were determined using nonparametric methods, utilizing Sen&rsquo, s slope estimation and the Mann&ndash, Kendall test. Results showed a tendency for the rainy season to start earlier and end later in the western coastal zone of the study area, with season length gradually decreasing towards the East Sea and inland. The shortest rainy season was found in the estuary zone (in the northeast of the VMD). Rainfall was abundant on the west coast, again diminishing gradually towards the East Sea and inland. Rain was also quite plentiful during four dry season observation months in the study area, but it lacked the predictability needed for effective exploitation. The number of consecutive days without rain averaged 96 annually, with a difference of 29 days between the largest and smallest observations. The difference between the provinces with the longest and shortest periods without rain averaged 41 days. Although the impact of climate change on the rain regime is complex, we can say that the rainy season now tends to start earlier, end later, and be lengthier, though without exhibiting clear trends. ENSO processes significantly impacted rainfall regime characteristics, especially the dates of onset and cessation, and season length.

Full-scale thawing experiments, performed on three types of homogenous, initially frozen soils, were carried out during late winter 2011 and repeated in 2012. An auxiliary heat source (hydronic heating) was employed to initiate and expedite the thawing process. The corresponding phase change, soil temperature increase, and variations in bound and unbound water content were monitored during the experiments. The resulting thermal response have been published in an earlier paper by the authors. In the current paper, the remaining results are presented. This includes spatial and temporal soil moisture variations and resulting thaw rates. Results from both experiments show similar trends. Generally, frost-susceptible soils, such as silty sand, contain more water and thaw slower relative to coarser soils, such as gravelly sand. Very porous soils (uniform gravel) with low water content thaw comparatively slower. Thaw rates compiled from soil moisture records correspond well with similar based on soil temperature. The degree of water redistribution and migration is higher in silty sand compared with coarser soils. These processes are more prominent in the uppermost layer for all soils examined.

In this study, the Cu/TiB2 composite coating was successfully prepared by laser cladding on H13 hot work die steel. The experimental results show that the microstructure of the coating is relatively homogeneous distributed and the TiB2 hard particles are dispersed in the copper Cu coating. The coating thickness of approximately 500‒600 μm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that there is a metallurgical bond between the coating and the substrate, which ensure a strong binding ability. The maximum microhardness of the coating is up to 700 HV0.2, which is significantly greater than the hardness of substrate (about 220 HV0.2). However, the hardness distribution is not uniform, and show a slow decreasing trend to the depth of (500‒600) μm off the surface, then, quickly reduce to the matrix hardness

Knowledge of sediment transport in an estuary is essential for addressing many issues ranging from morphodynamics and water quality. Nhat Le estuary is the largest estuary with respect to river discharge in Quang Binh province, Vietnam and plays very important role in providing a safe navigation to fishing and recreational. In the tidal shallow-water estuarine area with high seasonal variation of river discharge, the sediment transport in Nhat Le estuary are complex. At the estuary, strong variation of the erosion and deposition processes have been occurring at the high frequency raise a concern of what reason can be attributable to the process. While a number of studies have explored the hydrodynamic regime in Nhat Le estuary, few have attempted to conclude which factor predominantly contribute to sediment transport and river mouth morphology in the area. To better understand we used a high-resolution hydrodynamic model (Delft3D) fully coupled with wave and sediment transport models to examine the importance of the principal factors controlling the morphology in the Nhat Le estuary. We conducted field experiments during both dry and wet seasons in 2018 to collect water levels, currents, waves, and sediment samples. The variation of the morphology in spatially and at single points under different scenarios are discussed. Model predictions suggest that wind-wave have significantly influence on sediment transport and river morphology with the effect accounted for nearly 95% whereas river discharge and tide play minor role.

Competence structure that pre-service teachers need to develop to become a future teachers has been defined since the 1930s. For pre-service mathematics teachers, their competence has its own characteristics. ICT integration in developing competence for pre-service mathematics teachers has been been proved to be effective in many previous studies. In Vietnam, the Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) has recommended the use of ICT to enhance teaching-learning activities in schools and universities, therefore, there have been many studies on ICT intergration at different educational levels. However, there are only a few studies on the use ICT integration in developing competence for pre-service mathematics teachers. This paper presents results from a research on the feasibility of ICT integration in developing competence of Vietnamese pre-service mathematics teachers. The research was conducted by surveying on a randomly selected of 297 pre-service mathematics teachers and 40 mathematics lecturers in six universities which provide mathematics training programs. Results show that despite of the availability of technologies, ICT integration in training pre-service teachers is still limited. In addition, ICT integration in teaching activities of mathematics teachers is not really effective because the levels of their ICT skills are very different. Pre-service mathematics teachers have the ability to use ICT equipment, and good accessibility to learning systems, but their use of the learning management systems (LMS) is limited. This study can be a reference for future studies to test the effective of ICT integration in training pre-service teachers when designing activities to develop feasibly and effectively their competence.