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Background The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) remains unclear. Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection might trigger immune-mediated reactions. We aimed to examine NTS and the risk of subsequent AD. Methods From 2002 to 2015, eligible patients (aged 0–100 years) with NTS were identified. NTS and non-NTS groups were matched at a 1:10 ratio on age and sex. We utilized conditional multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for AD development. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, sex, and severity of NTS infection. We utilized landmark analysis to explore the time-dependent hazard of AD following NTS. Results In the NTS group (N = 6624), 403 developed AD. After full adjustment of demographics and comorbidities, the NTS group had a higher risk of AD than the reference group (aHR = 1.217, 95% CI = 1.096–1.352). Age-stratified analysis revealed that NTS group exhibited an elevated risk compared to the reference group, particularly among those aged 13–30 years (aHR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.017–1.559), individuals aged 31–50 years (aHR = 1.388, 95% CI = 1.112–1.733), those aged 51–70 years (aHR = 1.301, 95% CI = 1.008–1.679), and individuals aged 71 years and over (aHR = 1.791, 95% CI = 1.260–2.545). Severe NTS was associated with a higher risk of AD than the reference group (aHR = 2.411, 95% CI = 1.577–3.685). Landmark analysis showed generally consistent findings. Conclusions Minimizing exposure to NTS infection may represent a prospective strategy for averting the onset and progression of atopic dermatitis. Key messages What is already known on this topic AD is particularly susceptible to affronts from the environment. NTS infection has been associated with dysbiosis and autoimmune reactions, which may have a common pathogenesis with AD. What this study adds NTS had a higher risk of AD than the reference group. Additionally, this risk was even more pronounced in those with severe NTS. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy Minimizing exposure to NTS infection could be a potential strategy for preventing the onset and progression of AD. The study offers a promising avenue for further investigation into the underlying pathogenesis of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several epidemiologic studies have revealed a higher risk of cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) relative to the general population. To investigate whether the use of acarbose was associated with higher/lower risk of new‐onset cancers. Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, using a population‐based National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Both inpatients and outpatients with newly onset DM diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 were collected. The Adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index (aDCSI) was used to adjust the severity of DM. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of disease. Results: A total of 22 502 patients with newly diagnosed DM were enrolled. The Cox proportional hazards regression model indicating acarbose was neutral for risk for gastroenterological malignancies, when compared to the acarbose non‐acarbose users group. However, when gastric cancer was focused, acarbose‐user group had significantly lowered HR than non‐acarbose users group (p = 0.003). After adjusted for age, sex, cancer‐related comorbidity, severity of DM, and co‐administered drugs, the HR of gastric cancer risk was 0.43 (95% CI = 0.25–0.74) for acarbose‐user patients. Conclusion: This long‐term population‐based study demonstrated that acarbose might be associated with lowered risk of new‐onset gastric cancer in diabetic patients after adjusting the severity of DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Previous studies have suggested relationship between diverticular disease and cardiovascular disease. Since cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular accident share a lot of pathogenesis, diverticulitis could also be a risk factor for stroke. This study tried to establish epidemiological evidence of the relationship between colon diverticulitis and ischemic stroke. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, patients with newly diagnosed colon diverticulitis (N = 6238) and patients without colon diverticulitis (control group; N = 24 952) were recruited between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2017. Both groups were matched by propensity score at a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, comorbidities and medications. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of ischemic stroke. We also conducted 4 different regression models and 2 sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of our findings. Results The diverticulitis group had a higher risk of IS than the control group (adjusted HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12–1.39; P < 0.001). Serial sensitivity analyses yielded consistent positive link between diverticulitis and IS. Further subgroup analysis showed that in the study group, the risk of IS was 2.54-fold higher than the matched controls in 30–39 years. Conclusions Our study found that colon diverticulitis was associated with a higher risk of developing subsequent ischemic stroke, especially for patients aged 30–39 years, among Asian population. This result provides us a chance to undertake preventive measures for ischemic stroke in high-risk patients. Key message What is already known on this topic? Cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular accident share a lot of pathogenesis. Previous studies have suggested relationship between diverticular disease and cardiovascular disease. What this study adds? Our study shows that diverticulitis was associated with higher risk of subsequent ischemic stroke, but not hemorrhagic stroke, especially for patients of younger age. The risk of ischemic stroke was 2.54-fold higher than the matched controls in 30–39 years. How this study might affect research, practice or policy? The risk of ischemic stroke in diverticulitis patients receiving colectomy seems to be ameliorated. Clinically, this gives us a chance to undertake preventive measures and reduce mortality and morbidity resulting from strokes in young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article responds to concerns raised about a study on COVID-19 vaccination and subsequent diabetes risk, addressing issues related to exclusion criteria, data sources, mortality rates, HbA1c levels, and study design. The study found that COVID-19 vaccination reduced the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus and related outcomes. The authors appreciate feedback and emphasize the importance of further research on this topic. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Research investigating differences in the overall stroke risk between individuals with and without immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is lacking. Methods: This real-world study used the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Risk of stroke was compared between 13,085 individuals with ITP enrolled between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2015 and a control cohort of 52,340 individuals without ITP (1:4 ratio propensity score–matched by age, sex, index year, relevant comorbidities, and medications). Sub-distribution hazards models were used to estimate adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with the non-ITP group as the control group. Results: Of the 65,425 participants, 13,085 had ITP, 63.3% were women, and the mean age was 52.59 years. The risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke was 1.14 times (adjusted SHR 1.14, 95% CI, 1.07–1.22) and 1.93 times (adjusted SHR 1.93, 95% CI, 1.70–2.20) higher in the ITP group than in controls. Patients with ITP in the 20- to 29-year subgroup had a higher risk of new-onset stroke (adjusted SHR, 4.06 (95% CI, 2.72–6.07), p value for interaction <0.01) than those aged 20–29 years without ITP. Individuals with severe ITP with splenectomy had a 1.79 times higher overall stroke risk than those without. Conclusions: ITP is associated with increased risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]