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The article focuses on study of materno-placental microbiome of gravid beef cows under feed intake restriction. Topics discussed include existence of reproductive microbiome as evidence in cattle, matured bovine rumen influenced by feed intake restriction, and counts of phyla presented in abundance in mature rumen being impacted.

Maternal gestational nutrition is known to impact gut physiology and the gut microbiome of offspring early in life; however, it remains unknown if these changes persist later in life. We hypothesized that the impacts of maternal feed restriction in late gestating beef cows on early colonization of the calf gut would impact the rumen microbiome post-weaning. Our objective was to compare the post-weaning rumen microbiome of calves born with feed restricted dams and those born to dams with adequate nutrition. Starting roughly 60 d before expected calving, dams were stratified to either receive 100% of NRC requirements (CON) or 70% intake of NRC requirements (FR) through 28 d post-parturition. Pairs were then moved on to native grass until weaning. Rumen fluid was collected from the calves at the time of weaning (PRE) and after a 70 d backgrounding feed efficiency study (POST). Microbial DNA was isolated and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA was sequenced on the MiSeq platform. Data were analyzed within each time point using QIIME2. Maternal treatment had no impact on alpha diversity (Faith's phylogeny, Shannon's diversity, and Evenness) in the PRE group, but CON calves had greater (q = 0.05) evenness than FR calves in the POST samples. There were differences in composition between CON and FR in the PRE samples (unweighted unifrac q = 0.04; bray-curtis q = 0.03). No differences (q = 0.14) in composition were found in the POST samples. These data indicate that at the time of weaning (PRE) differences in composition existed in CON vs. FR calves, specifically in the rare taxa, but the microbial composition converged by the end of the feeding trial. Interestingly, previous findings in our lab reported differences in alpha and beta diversity 28 d after birth in these calves. Together, these data indicate the potential for long-term impacts of maternal nutrition on the gut microbiome. This coupled with the previously published work where feed efficiency tended to differ between CON and FR, suggests that early perturbations during gestation may have had lasting impacts on gut physiology and subsequent performance in the presence of rumen microbial shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]