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This work aimed to verify, based on the open innovation strategy, how different types of interactions with external actors (customers, competitors, suppliers, universities, and consultants) influence different types of innovations (general innovations, product innovations, and technological innovations) implemented by organizations. The panel data technique was used for analysis, based on PINTEC data, an innovation survey conducted by IBGE, which referred to the years 2003, 2005, 2008, 2011, and 2014. Regarding the innovations implemented by organizations, no type of interaction was significant for the general innovations or interactions with consultants, and suppliers were negative for product innovation. Finally, interaction with customers was positive while interaction with universities was negative for technological innovations. Thus, the results were essential to proving that different forms of cooperation have different impacts on the implementation of different types of innovation by organizations.

O aprendizado ativo constitui como um novo paradigma na educação de qualidade, colaborativa, envolvente e motivadora, corroborando no ensino-aprendizagem, dado que a educação não pode mais ser considerada uma prática simples. Diante dessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar como as metodologias ativas estão sendo aplicadas nas instituições de ensino atuais. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre o conceito de métodos de ensino ativo nos últimos 10 anos. As descobertas oferecem recomendações teóricas, dado que proporciona um panorama acerca do tema, e práticas, uma vez que apresenta um primeiro caminho para os profissionais utilizarem esses métodos, como características, metodologias ativas existentes, disciplinas aplicáveis, entre outros.

This article reviews the state of the literature on consumption at the bottom of the pyramid and summarizes the studies' suggestions for future research. This study was conducted using data from the Web of Science and Scopus databases with the help of CiteSpace and CitNetExplorer 1.0.0. This research is justified due to: (a) absence of a broad systematization of the theme; (b) contribution and encouragement of new researchers to take part in studies on the subject; and (c) indication of a broad international literature that can encourage studies on consumption at the base of the pyramid.

Abstract Background Community health workers (CHWs) provide preventive care and integrated community case management (iCCM) to people with low healthcare access worldwide. CHW programmes have helped reduce mortality in myriad countries, but little data on malaria supply chain management has been shared. This project evaluated the current composition, use, and delivery of malaria iCCM kit commodities in Mozambique—rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and artemether–lumefantrine (AL) treatments—to better tailor existing resources to the needs of CHWs in diverse practice settings. Methods Health facilities in Maputo (low malaria burden), Inhambane (moderate), and Nampula (high) Provinces were selected using probability proportionate to the number of CHWs at each facility. All CHWs and their supervisors at selected facilities were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to document experiences with kit commodities. Data were analysed to assess CHW commodity stock levels by province and season. Results In total, 216 CHWs and 56 supervisors were interviewed at 56 health facilities. CHWs reported receiving an average of 6.7 kits in the last year, although they are intended to receive kits monthly. One-tenth of CHWs reported receiving kits with missing RDTs, and 28% reported lacking some AL treatments. Commodity use was highest in the rainy season. Stockouts were reported by CHWs in all provinces, more commonly in the rainy season. Facility-level stockouts of RDTs or some AL formulation in the past year were reported by 66% of supervisors. Use of CHW kit materials by health facilities was reported by 43% of supervisors; this was most common at facilities experiencing stockouts. Conclusions Variations in geographic and seasonal malaria commodity needs should be considered in CHW kit distribution planning in Mozambique. Improvements in provision of complete, monthly CHW kits are needed in parallel with improvements in the broader commodity system strengthening. The findings of this evaluation can help other CHW programmes determine best practices for management of iCCM supply chains.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the frontline of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic response, yet there is a paucity of literature on their knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) in relation to the pandemic. Community Health Workers (CHWs) in Mozambique are known locally as agentes polivalentes elementares (APEs). While technical guidance surrounding COVID-19 is available to support APEs, communicating this information has been challenging due to restrictions on travel, face-to-face group meetings and training, imposed from May to August 2020. A digital health platform, upSCALE, that already supports 1,213 APEs and 299 supervisors across three provinces, is being used to support APEs on effective COVID-19 management by delivering COVID-19 sensitive SMS messages, training modules and a COVID-19 KAP survey. The KAP survey, conducted from June 2020 to August 2020, consisted of 10 questions. Of 1,065 active upSCALE APEs, 28% completed the survey. Results indicate that only a small proportion of APEs listed the correct COVID-19 symptoms, transmission routes and appropriate prevention measures (n = (25%), n = (16%) and n = (39%), respectively) specifically included in national health education materials. Misconceptions were mainly related to transmission routes, high risk individuals and asymptomatic patients. 84% said they followed all government prevention guidelines. The results from the KAP survey were used to support the rapid development and deployment of targeted COVID-19 awareness and education materials for the APEs. A follow-up KAP survey is planned for November 2020. Adapting the existing upSCALE platform enabled a better understanding, in real time, of the KAP of APEs around COVID-19 management. Subsequently, supporting delivery of tailored messages and education, vital for ensuring a successful COVID-19 response.

Objetivo: Uma vez que a mineração de dados educacionais auxilia na análise da grande quantidade de dados que sistemas de e-learning geram, aperfeiçoando os sistemas de ensino-aprendizagem, o presente estudo procura, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, verificar como o tema está sendo abordados nas pesquisas do campo nos últimos anos. Metodologia: Dado que tal contexto é emergente, novo e dinâmico e que necessita de análises de sua estrutura para entender suas características, dificuldades e potencialidades, este estudo foi desenvolvido para analisar as estruturas existentes de sistemas de e-learning, assim como identificar como o processo de mineração de dados educacionais pode ser aplicado no ensino a distância, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura. Resultados: Os resultados estão divididos em duas partes: (i) análise descritiva, em que os artigos são apresentados a partir de uma análise bibliométrica, e (ii) análise semântica, em que os artigos são analisados a partir do modelo de quatro etapas do processo de mineração de dados educacionais. Contribuições: Os resultados contribuem com recomendações práticas e acadêmicas, pois apresentam tanto como o processo de mineração de dados interfere na gestão do e-learning, bem como um panorama das pesquisas existentes, a fim de conhecer a pesquisa atual da temática analisada.

O presente estudo objetivou verificar se há diferença no desempenho acadêmico entre alunos que tiveram e os que não tiveram acesso às Universidades Federais mineiras via política de cotas sociais. Para tanto, considerou-se todos os cursos dessas universidades que realizaram o Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes em 2013. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva para caracterizar o grupo de formandos, considerando como variáveis o tipo de escola e renda familiar. Posteriormente, realizou-se uma (i) análise para aferir se o rendimento no Enade dos alunos que cursaram o ensino médio em escolas públicas se difere daqueles advindos de escolas particulares e; (ii) se o rendimento dos alunos ingressantes na universidade por meio das cotas sociais é inferior ao rendimento dos demais alunos; por meio da representação gráfica, da análise da estatística descritiva dos dados e do teste de diferença entre médias independentes. Identificou-se que o número de alunos oriundos de escola pública e com baixa renda é inferior ao número de alunos provenientes de escolas privadas nos cursos analisados. Além disso, os resultados demonstraram que não há uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o desempenho das categorias consideradas.

O grande volume de informações geradas, processadas e disseminadas pela evolução tecnológica resulta na necessidade de informatização de processos tanto em organizações privadas quanto públicas. Nas instituições públicas de ensino superior, barreiras burocráticas estão sendo rompidas e Sistemas de Informação (SI) têm sido implantados para facilitar e agilizar processos internos. Destaca-se neste trabalho, a experiência referente à adesão da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) ao uso do ticket eletrônico para a utilização dos Restaurantes Universitários (RUs) por parte dos estudantes. Com este caso, objetivou-se analisar o processo de implantação deste sistema, considerando a tomada de decisão, as dimensões dos SI, a atuação do novo sistema e o papel do departamento de SI, nas perspectivas dos tomadores de decisão e dos usuários. Esta pesquisa apresentou uma abordagem qualitativa e caráter descritivo, sendo a coleta de dados primários realizada por meio de entrevistas com os agentes estratégicos e através de questionários aplicados aos usuários do sistema. Pôde-se concluir que o objetivo da implantação do SI consistiu na busca por transparência, controle, redução de custos e em função da necessidade de diminuir o número de pessoas envolvidas no processo. Verificou-se que para a efetiva implantação foram necessárias modificações na cultura da instituição, além da realização de treinamento e suporte técnico aos principais operadores do novo sistema, evidenciando-se a importância da dimensão humana.

Technological advances require companies to be more flexible and dynamic, having the ability to learn and innovate to be competitive. Given the innovation as something new, there is a need to conduct studies of technological anteriority before the start of the research, because it is possible to know the technologies that already exist and develop something with market potential. The objective was to investigate the studies of technological anteriority performed by patents related to diagnostic kit for detecting leishmaniasis. Characterized as qualitative and descriptive, the research was based on secondary data obtained through search strategies in the patents database Thomson Innovation, which covers several patents worldwide and brings together powerful tools for analyzing intellectual properties. The results showed that from the 44 retrieved documents, 26 cited other studies or were mentioned. From the 412 citations made, 76% refer to Non-patents, mostly scientific articles, and 24% to Backwards, such as patents. From Backwards, 53% refer to quotes of inventions from their own countries, demonstrating a regional approximation. Related to Forward, only 3 technologies were referenced by later studies, which implies the importance of these technologies to the evolution of science. Thus, this studied showed the relevance of technological anteriority, which has been used in the realization for precedented technological mappings and allowance for future studies.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1983-4535.2015v8n1p260 No desenvolvimento da administração pública brasileira destaca-se a relevância dos servidores, tanto àqueles admitidos por aprovação em concurso público quanto àqueles indicados pelo critério de confiança. Esses últimos estão presentes em diferentes órgãos públicos, inclusive nas universidades federais, sendo ocupados por professores que passam a atuar como gestores, além de realizarem atividades de pesquisa, ensino e extensão. Diante disso, este artigo teve como objetivo analisar a dinâmica das funções de confiança existentes na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, problematizando sobre a capacitação dos docentes para exercerem funções gerenciais. Esta pesquisa apresentou uma abordagem qualitativa, de cunho descritivo, com coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas, do Portal Transparência e da Plataforma Lattes. Os resultados demonstraram uma quantidade expressiva de 613 funções de confiança na UFV, sendo 58 delas de cargos de direção. Além disso, os dados secundários e a perspectiva dos entrevistados comprovaram que os docentes não estão preparados para atuarem na gestão, visto que não possuem uma formação específica em administração, mas em outras áreas. Portanto, perante a limitação de criação de cargos para administradores pela instituição, cabe aos professores-gestores buscar novas competências, visando atingir os objetivos de suas novas funções com efetividade.

This study proposed a method for identifying areas appropriate for fish farming in ground-excavated ponds using data obtained from public institutions. The method was applied to three cities located in the central-southern region of Paraná State, Brazil. In order to select appropriate areas, a geographic information system (GIS) was created using data from a digital elevation model (DEM), as well as data on soil occupation and type. A variable reclassification model (VRM) was created, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was applied to establish weights for a multi-criteria assessment of the factors. Non-classifiable areas and areas with constraints were identified and removed from the analysis. The sites classified as highly suitable or suitable represented 33.270.79 ha (18.71% of the total area), while the restricted areas represented 54,427.91 ha (30.60% of the total area). This method may represent a useful tool for decision making in the context of regional planning and may be used in the establishment of public policy and in the allocation of resources for aquaculture development.

The aim of this article is to analyze the possibilities of a dialogue between professional education integrated into high school teaching and exchanges based on an experiment under way in Paraná State conducted by the State and social movements, in this case ARCAFAR/Sul. The data collected by Rodrigues de Lima (2013), when researching the integration of high school teaching, professional education and exchange programs in three family homes that implemented this integration between 2006 and 2008 in Paraná State, enabled the analysis of a concrete case and the potential for the development this model concerning the formulation of public policies and a teaching proposal. This proposal, adopting the categories of historical materialism, improves the conditions for human emancipation in the field. At the same time, it analyzes which dimensions of this experiment can be included in full-time high school education.

BACKGROUND: Sleep alterations are common in college students, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic factors may predict these alterations in this population. OBJECTIVE: To identify the sociodemographic factors and health characteristics associated with the number of hours of sleep of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out with 244 university students from a multicampi public university in the State of Bahia, Northeast Brazil. Data collection was performed online and participants answered a specific questionnaire to assess sleep hours, sociodemographic and health variables. RESULTS: Significant associations were observed between hours of sleep and older students (odds ratio adjusted –ORaj: 3.75; 95% Confidence Interval –CI: 1.81–7.75; p < 0.01), attending the final semesters (ORaj: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.05–3.25; p < 0.03), and who reported having some disease (ORaj: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.05–4.50; p < 0.03) with greater chances of getting less sleep. However, those who used tobacco (ORaj: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01–0.45; p < 0.001) were likely to have more hours of sleep per night. CONCLUSION: Sleep restriction was common among participating college students, which has likely intensified due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictions. This encourages specific public health actions, contemplating the health and hours of sleep of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]