1,461 results on '"Human placental lactogen"'
Search Results
2. Elevated Maternal Folate Status and Changes in Maternal Prolactin, Placental Lactogen and Placental Growth Hormone Following Folic Acid Food Fortification: Evidence from Two Prospective Pregnancy Cohorts.
- Author
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Jankovic-Karasoulos, Tanja, Smith, Melanie D., Leemaqz, Shalem, Williamson, Jessica, McCullough, Dylan, Arthurs, Anya L., Jones, Lauren A., Bogias, Konstantinos Justin, Mol, Ben W., Dalton, Julia, Dekker, Gustaaf A., and Roberts, Claire T.
- Abstract
Folic acid (FA) food fortification in Australia has resulted in a higher-than-expected intake of FA during pregnancy. High FA intake is associated with increased insulin resistance and gestational diabetes. We aimed to establish whether maternal one-carbon metabolism and hormones that regulate glucose homeostasis change in healthy pregnancies post-FA food fortification. Circulating folate, B12, homocysteine, prolactin (PRL), human placental lactogen (hPL) and placental growth hormone (GH2) were measured in early pregnancy maternal blood in women with uncomplicated pregnancies prior to (SCOPE: N = 604) and post (STOP: N = 711)-FA food fortification. FA food fortification resulted in 63% higher maternal folate. STOP women had lower hPL (33%) and GH2 (43%) after 10 weeks of gestation, but they had higher PRL (29%) and hPL (28%) after 16 weeks. FA supplementation during pregnancy increased maternal folate and reduced homocysteine but only in the SCOPE group, and it was associated with 54% higher PRL in SCOPE but 28% lower PRL in STOP. FA food fortification increased maternal folate status, but supplements no longer had an effect, thereby calling into question their utility. An altered secretion of hormones that regulate glucose homeostasis in pregnancy could place women post-fortification at an increased risk of insulin resistance and gestational diabetes, particularly for older women and those with obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Human Placental Lactogen in Relation to Maternal Metabolic Health and Fetal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Author
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Rassie, Kate, Giri, Rinky, Joham, Anju E., Teede, Helena, and Mousa, Aya
- Subjects
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GESTATIONAL diabetes , *TYPE 1 diabetes , *PLACENTA , *MATERNAL health - Abstract
Human placental lactogen (hPL) is a placental hormone which appears to have key metabolic functions in pregnancy. Preclinical studies have putatively linked hPL to maternal and fetal outcomes, yet—despite human observational data spanning several decades—evidence on the role and importance of this hormone remains disparate and conflicting. We aimed to explore (via systematic review and meta-analysis) the relationship between hPL levels, maternal pre-existing and gestational metabolic conditions, and fetal growth. MEDLINE via OVID, CINAHL plus, and Embase were searched from inception through 9 May 2022. Eligible studies included women who were pregnant or up to 12 months post-partum, and reported at least one endogenous maternal serum hPL level during pregnancy in relation to pre-specified metabolic outcomes. Two independent reviewers extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted where possible; for other outcomes narrative synthesis was performed. 35 studies met eligibility criteria. No relationship was noted between hPL and gestational diabetes status. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, hPL levels appeared lower in early pregnancy (possibly reflecting delayed placental development) and higher in late pregnancy (possibly reflecting increased placental mass). Limited data were found in other pre-existing metabolic conditions. Levels of hPL appear to be positively related to placental mass and infant birthweight in pregnancies affected by maternal diabetes. The relationship between hPL, a purported pregnancy metabolic hormone, and maternal metabolism in human pregnancy is complex and remains unclear. This antenatal biomarker may offer value, but future studies in well-defined contemporary populations are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Case–control study of prolactin and placental lactogen in SGA pregnancies
- Author
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Sharon R Ladyman, Caroline M Larsen, Rennae S Taylor, David R Grattan, and Lesley M E McCowan
- Subjects
small for gestational age ,prolactin ,human placental lactogen ,pregnancy ,Reproduction ,QH471-489 ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
Prolactin and placental lactogens increase during pregnancy and are involved with many aspects of maternal metabolic adaptation to pregnancy, likely to impact on fetal growth. The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal plasma prolactin or placental lactogen concentrations at 20 weeks of gestation were associated with later birth of small-for-gestational-age babies (SGA). In a nested case–control study, prolactin and placental lactogen in plasma samples obtained at 20 weeks of gestation were compared between 40 women who gave birth to SGA babies and 40 women with uncomplicated pregnancies and size appropriate-for-gestation-age (AGA) babies. Samples were collected as part of the 'screening of pregnancy endpoints' (SCOPE) prospective cohort study. SGA was defined as birthweight
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Human placental lactogen (human chorionic somatomammotropin) and oxytocin during pregnancy: Individual patterns and associations with maternal-fetal attachment, anxiety, and depression.
- Author
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Coté, John J., Coté, Remington D., Dilsaver, Danielle B., Stessman, Holly A.F., Watson, Cynthia, Handelzalts, Jonathan, Doehrman, Pooja, Walters, Ryan W., and Badura-Brack, Amy S.
- Subjects
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PRENATAL bonding , *OXYTOCIN , *PREGNANCY , *PLACENTA , *ANXIETY , *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *MENTAL depression - Abstract
Previous studies support links among maternal-fetal attachment, psychological symptoms, and hormones during pregnancy and the post-partum period. Other studies connect maternal feelings and behaviors to oxytocin and suggest that an increase in oxytocin during pregnancy may prime maternal-fetal attachment. To date, researchers have not examined a possible association between maternal-fetal attachment with human placental lactogen although animal models are suggestive. In the current study, we sought to describe oxytocin and human placental lactogen levels as related to psychological constructs across pregnancy. Seventy women participated in the study. At each of three time-points (early, mid, and late pregnancy), the women had their blood drawn to assess oxytocin and human placental lactogen levels, and they completed psychological assessments measuring maternal-fetal attachment, anxiety, and depression. Our results indicate that oxytocin levels were statistically similar across pregnancy, but that human placental lactogen significantly increased across pregnancy. Results did not indicate significant associations of within-person (comparing individuals to themselves) oxytocin or human placental lactogen levels with maternal-fetal attachment. Additionally, results did not show between-person (comparing individuals to other individuals) oxytocin or human placental lactogen levels with maternal-fetal attachment. Oxytocin levels were not associated with anxiety; rather the stage of pregnancy moderated the effect of the within-person OT level on depression. Notably, increasing levels of human placental lactogen were significantly associated with increasing levels of both anxiety and depression in between subject analyses. The current study is important because it describes typical hormonal and maternal fetal attachment levels during each stage of pregnancy, and because it suggests an association between human placental lactogen and psychological symptoms during pregnancy. Future research should further elucidate these relationships. • Maternal-fetal attachment will tend to increase normally as a pregnancy progresses. • Changes in oxytocin and human placental lactogen hormones were not associated with changes in maternal-fetal attachment. • Higher levels of human placental lactogen were associated with higher anxiety and depression scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Elevated Maternal Folate Status and Changes in Maternal Prolactin, Placental Lactogen and Placental Growth Hormone Following Folic Acid Food Fortification: Evidence from Two Prospective Pregnancy Cohorts
- Author
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Tanja Jankovic-Karasoulos, Melanie D. Smith, Shalem Leemaqz, Jessica Williamson, Dylan McCullough, Anya L. Arthurs, Lauren A. Jones, Konstantinos Justin Bogias, Ben W. Mol, Julia Dalton, Gustaaf A. Dekker, and Claire T. Roberts
- Subjects
folic acid ,prolactin ,human placental lactogen ,placental growth hormone ,pregnancy ,obesity ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Folic acid (FA) food fortification in Australia has resulted in a higher-than-expected intake of FA during pregnancy. High FA intake is associated with increased insulin resistance and gestational diabetes. We aimed to establish whether maternal one-carbon metabolism and hormones that regulate glucose homeostasis change in healthy pregnancies post-FA food fortification. Circulating folate, B12, homocysteine, prolactin (PRL), human placental lactogen (hPL) and placental growth hormone (GH2) were measured in early pregnancy maternal blood in women with uncomplicated pregnancies prior to (SCOPE: N = 604) and post (STOP: N = 711)-FA food fortification. FA food fortification resulted in 63% higher maternal folate. STOP women had lower hPL (33%) and GH2 (43%) after 10 weeks of gestation, but they had higher PRL (29%) and hPL (28%) after 16 weeks. FA supplementation during pregnancy increased maternal folate and reduced homocysteine but only in the SCOPE group, and it was associated with 54% higher PRL in SCOPE but 28% lower PRL in STOP. FA food fortification increased maternal folate status, but supplements no longer had an effect, thereby calling into question their utility. An altered secretion of hormones that regulate glucose homeostasis in pregnancy could place women post-fortification at an increased risk of insulin resistance and gestational diabetes, particularly for older women and those with obesity.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Serum human placental lactogen and prolactin may not be associated with aberrant glucose homeostasis in GDM
- Author
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Mohammad Fakhrul Alam, Sharmin Jahan, Mashfiqul Hasan, Nusrat Sultana, Mahmudul Hossain, Mohammad Farid Uddin, and Muhammad Abul Hasanat
- Subjects
gdm ,homa-b ,homa-ir ,human placental lactogen ,prolactin ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) shows insufficient β-cell compensation for insulin resistance (IR) during late pregnancy, whereupon derangements of human placental lactogen (hPL) and prolactin (PRL) have a presumed role in its pathogenesis. Aims: To assess the relationship of serum hPL and PRL with IR and β-cell function in GDM and pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed with 40 women with GDM and an equal number of pregnant women with NGT who were diagnosed on the basis of the WHO 2013 criteria during 24–40 weeks of gestation. hPL was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); PRL and fasting insulin were measured by a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Equations of homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) were used to calculate the indices of IR (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-B). Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the GDM and NGT groups in circulating concentrations of either hPL (6.01 ± 1.76 vs. 5.92 ± 2.10 mg/L, mean ± SD; P = 0.852) or PR [180.27 (125.95–306.20) vs. 166.87 (134.24–284.70) ng/mL, median (IQR); P = 0.704]. There was no relationship of circulatory levels of hPL and PRL with glucose values at different time points during oral glucose tolerance test as well as with AUCglucose (P = NS for all). On multiple regression analysis, neither hPL nor PRL emerged as a significant predictor for fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B in GDM (P = NS for all). Conclusions: Circulating concentration of hPL and PRL may not be a potential determinant of IR and β-cell dysfunction in GDM.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Human Placental Lactogen in Relation to Maternal Metabolic Health and Fetal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Author
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Kate Rassie, Rinky Giri, Anju E. Joham, Helena Teede, and Aya Mousa
- Subjects
birthweight ,gestational diabetes mellitus ,human chorionic somatomammotropin ,human placental lactogen ,type 1 diabetes mellitus ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Human placental lactogen (hPL) is a placental hormone which appears to have key metabolic functions in pregnancy. Preclinical studies have putatively linked hPL to maternal and fetal outcomes, yet—despite human observational data spanning several decades—evidence on the role and importance of this hormone remains disparate and conflicting. We aimed to explore (via systematic review and meta-analysis) the relationship between hPL levels, maternal pre-existing and gestational metabolic conditions, and fetal growth. MEDLINE via OVID, CINAHL plus, and Embase were searched from inception through 9 May 2022. Eligible studies included women who were pregnant or up to 12 months post-partum, and reported at least one endogenous maternal serum hPL level during pregnancy in relation to pre-specified metabolic outcomes. Two independent reviewers extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted where possible; for other outcomes narrative synthesis was performed. 35 studies met eligibility criteria. No relationship was noted between hPL and gestational diabetes status. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, hPL levels appeared lower in early pregnancy (possibly reflecting delayed placental development) and higher in late pregnancy (possibly reflecting increased placental mass). Limited data were found in other pre-existing metabolic conditions. Levels of hPL appear to be positively related to placental mass and infant birthweight in pregnancies affected by maternal diabetes. The relationship between hPL, a purported pregnancy metabolic hormone, and maternal metabolism in human pregnancy is complex and remains unclear. This antenatal biomarker may offer value, but future studies in well-defined contemporary populations are required.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. EFFECT OF HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN HORMONE AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETER CHANGES ASSOCIATION WITH FETAL SEX IN WOMEN WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES.
- Author
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Al-Hussein, Rouaida Kadhim A. and Jawad, Shaimaa Mahdi A.
- Subjects
PLACENTAL lactogen ,GESTATIONAL diabetes ,DISEASE progression ,FETAL macrosomia ,BODY mass index - Abstract
GDM determine the condition as a passing maternal condition that affected the fetal outcomes negatively and that abated after birth. Sex of the fetus could be associated with the risk of post-partum progression toT2DM and with the likelihood of having GDM in a second pregnancy, Pregnancy cases complicated by GDM are attached with increases at the both maternal and neonatal illness, including an increased need for cesarean birth duo to increased rates growth of fetal causing macrosomia, and an increased incidence of birth trauma. This study was conducted through the duration from November of the year 2020. and continued until January of the year 2021. The pregnant women was divided into 40-control sample there ages range between (15-40) years, and 40- patient (with gestational diabetes) sample there ages range between (18-43) years. It has been carried out at the following main location, Bint- AL- Huda Hospital, Nasiriya province, Iraq; Mohammed AL-Mousawi Children’s Hospital, Nasiriya province, Iraq. The results of our current study showed that there was an inverse significant difference in the relationship between HPL, BMI, BP, at a significant level (p<0.05). In addition, show a significant inverse correlation in (p<0.01) between HPL & IR in non-GDM with female and show the female fetus is more influential that than the male fetus. Also indicated in BMI their increase significant (p<0.05) in GDM with female compared with other study groups. While showed in SBP decrease significant (p<0.05) in non-GDM with female compared to other study groups. Nevertheless, in DBP indicated to increase significant (p<0.05) in GDM with male and decrease significant (p<0.05) in non-GDM with female compared with other two-group non-GDM with male and GDM with female. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
10. Pathophysiology of Insulin Resistance
- Author
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Moore, Lisa E. and Moore, Lisa E., editor
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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11. A potential role for insulin treatment during pregnancy in reducing postpartum psychological distress in maternal obesity: an administrative population health study.
- Author
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Jarmasz, Jessica S., Anderson, Alexandrea, Bock, Margaret E., Jin, Yan, Cattini, Peter A., and Ruth, Chelsea
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PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *INSULIN , *PUERPERIUM , *OBESITY in women , *POPULATION health , *PRENATAL depression - Abstract
Background: Studies have found an association between obesity and an increased risk for peripartum depression, which has also been linked to decreased placental lactogen levels. In addition, women with obesity treated for gestational diabetes with insulin were found to have increased levels of placental lactogen. Treatment options exist for perinatal and postpartum depression however they pose a risk to the developing offspring. Thus, prevention as well as markers for early identification of peripartum depression are needed. Therefore, our study objective is to identify the association between insulin treatment in pregnancy and the risk of postpartum psychological distress (abbreviated here as PPD) among cohorts of women with and without obesity.Methods: Administrative health data (2002/03-2018/19) were used to identify a cohort of women (age 15+ years) who gave birth (N = 250,746) and had no pre-existing mood/anxiety disorders or diabetes (N = 222,863 excluded). Women were then divided into two groups: lean (N = 17,975) and with obesity (N = 9908), which was identified by a recorded maternal weight of > 38 to < 65.6 kg and ≥ 85 to < 186 kg (respectively). The risk of PPD within one year after delivery with and without insulin treatment was assessed by Poisson regression analysis. Models were adjusted for maternal age group (at pregnancy start date) and area-level income (at delivery).Results: The unadjusted risk of PPD was higher in the obesity group (8.56%; 95% CI 8.00-9.15) than in the lean group (6.93%; 95% CI 6.56-7.33). When no insulin treatment was given during pregnancy, mothers with obesity had a significantly higher risk of PPD than the lean group (aRR 1.27; 95% CI 1.17-1.39; p < 0.0001). However, when women with obesity and insulin treatment were compared to the lean group with no insulin treatment, no significant difference in the risk of PPD was observed between the groups (aRR 1.30; 95% CI 0.83-2.02; p = 0.248).Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate a positive association between insulin treatment in pregnancy among women with obesity and reduced PPD rates, suggesting insulin as a possible preventative measure. However, the biological mechanism behind the observed positive effect of insulin on PPD rates remains to be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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12. APELIN DECREASED PLACENTAL HORMONE SECRETION BY HUMAN TROPHOBLAST BEWO CELLS VIA APELIN RECEPTOR, PROTEIN KINASE A AND EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASES 1/2 ACTIVATION.
- Author
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DAWID, M., MLYCZYNSKA, E., KUROWSKA, P., SIERPOWSKI, M., and RAK, A.
- Subjects
EXTRACELLULAR signal-regulated kinases ,CYCLIC-AMP-dependent protein kinase ,APELIN ,ESTRADIOL ,PLACENTAL growth factor ,PREGNANCY proteins - Abstract
Apelin was thought to be an adipocyte-specific hormone, but recent studies have indicated a link between apelin and placenta function e.g. cell proliferation. The aim of the study was investigating dose- and time-dependent effect of apelin on hormone secretion including steroids: progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) and proteins: chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), placental growth factor (PLGF), as well as protein expression of steroid enzymes (3bHSD, CYP19) and protein hormones (hCG, hPL and PLGF) in placental cells. Syncytiotrophoblast BeWo cells, as human trophoblast models, were treated for 24, 48, and 72 hours with the human recombinant apelin at doses 0.02, 0.2, 2.0, 20 and 200 ng/ml followed by culture medium. Concentrations of the above hormones were studied by ELISA kits. Furthermore, protein expression of steroid enzymes and protein hormones were measured using Western blot. Our results showed that apelin significantly decreased both steroid and protein hormones by inhibiting steroid enzymes or protein hormone expression. Moreover, we demonstrated that apelin at dose 2.0 ng/ml increased phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA) from 1 to 60 min of BeWo cell incubation. Inhibitory effect of apelin on P4, E2 and PLGF secretion were abolished when BeWo cells were cultured in the presence of ML221, an apelin receptor antagonist, PD98059, an extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) antagonist and KT5720, a PKA antagonist. In turn, secretion of hCG and hPL occurs only in the presence of ML221 and PD98059. In conclusion, our results indicate that apelin can be considered as a gestational hormone implied in the endocrine function of the human placenta, with an important role in controlling the production of steroid and protein hormones in placental BeWo cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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13. Viral Etiology of Acute Gastroenteritis in <2-Year-Old US Children in the Post–Rotavirus Vaccine Era.
- Author
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Hassan, Ferdaus, Kanwar, Neena, Harrison, Christopher J, Halasa, Natasha B, Chappell, James D, Englund, Janet A, Klein, Eileen J, Weinberg, Geoffrey A, Szilagyi, Peter G, Moffatt, Mary E, Oberste, M Steven, Nix, William A, Rogers, Shannon, Bowen, Michael D, Vinjé, Jan, Wikswo, Mary E, Parashar, Umesh D, Payne, Daniel C, and Selvarangan, Rangaraj
- Subjects
- *
ENTEROVIRUSES , *GASTROENTERITIS , *HOSPITAL emergency services , *IMMUNOENZYME technique , *PEDIATRICS , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *PUBLIC health surveillance , *RETROVIRUS diseases , *VIRUSES , *DISEASE prevalence , *REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , *ACUTE diseases , *ROTAVIRUS vaccines , *RNA virus infections , *GENOTYPES , *DISEASE complications , *SYMPTOMS , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Background The rotavirus disease burden has declined substantially since rotavirus vaccine was introduced in the United States in 2006. The aim of this study was to determine the viral etiology of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in US children aged <2 years. Methods The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) of geographically diverse US sites conducts active pediatric population-based surveillance in hospitals and emergency departments. Stool samples were collected from children aged <2 years with symptoms of AGE (n = 330) and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) (n = 272) between January and December 2012. Samples were tested by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays {adenovirus (type 40 and 41), norovirus, parechovirus A, enterovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus} and an enzyme immunoassay (rotavirus). All samples that tested positive were genotyped. Results Detection rates of pathogens in children with AGE versus those of HCs were, respectively, 23.0% versus 6.6% for norovirus (P <.01), 23.0% versus 16.0% for adenovirus (P =.08), 11.0% versus 16.0% for parechovirus A (P =.09), 11.0% versus 9.0% for enterovirus (P =.34), 7.0% versus 3.0% for sapovirus (P =.07), 3.0% versus 0.3% for astrovirus (P =.01), and 3.0% versus 0.4% for rotavirus (P =.01). A high prevalence of adenovirus was detected at 1 surveillance site (49.0% for children with AGE and 43.0% for HCs). Norovirus GII.4 New Orleans was the most frequently detected (33.0%) norovirus genotype. Codetection of >1 virus was more common in children with AGE (16.0%) than in HCs (10.0%) (P =.03). Conclusions Norovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and rotavirus were detected significantly more in children with AGE than in HCs, and norovirus was the leading AGE-causing pathogen in US children aged <2 years during the year 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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14. The Evolution of Training in Nuclear Medicine in the UK
- Author
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Hilson, Andrew, McCready, Ralph, editor, Gnanasegaran, Gopinath, editor, and Bomanji, Jamshed B., editor
- Published
- 2016
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15. Long-Term Effects of Noise
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Soeta, Yoshiharu, Ando, Yoichi, Wakayama, Masato, Editor-in-chief, Anderssen, Robert S., Series editor, Bauschke, Heinz H., Series editor, Broadbridge, Philip, Series editor, Cheng, Jin, Series editor, Chyba, Monique, Series editor, Cottet, Georges-Henri, Series editor, Cuminato, José Alberto, Series editor, Ei, Shin-ichiro, Series editor, Fukumoto, Yasuhide, Series editor, Hosking, Jonathan R. M., Series editor, Jofré, Alejandro, Series editor, Landman, Kerry, Series editor, McKibbin, Robert, Series editor, Mercer, Geoff, Series editor, Parmeggiani, Andrea, Series editor, Pipher, Jill, Series editor, Polthier, Konrad, Series editor, Schilders, Wil, Series editor, Shen, Zuowei, Series editor, Toh, Kim-Chuan, Series editor, Verbitskiy, Evgeny, Series editor, Yoshida, Nakahiro, Series editor, Soeta, Yoshiharu, and Ando, Yoichi
- Published
- 2015
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16. Role of Maternal Serum Human Placental Lactogen in First Trimester Screening.
- Author
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Ghoshal, Indranil, Bolar Suryakanth, Varashree, Belle, Vijetha Shenoy, and Prabhu, Krishnananda
- Abstract
The most preferred antenatal screening test is first trimester dual test which has a detection rate of 95% for foetal chromosomal anomaly. Maternal serum free β human chorionic gonadotropin (free β hCG) and pregnancy associated plasma protein A are used in first trimester dual test along with maternal demographic and foetal sonographic indices to calculate risk for foetal aneuploidy. Human placental lactogen is a placental hormone that is present in maternal serum only during pregnancy and its level rises in relation to the growth of the foetus and placenta. The objectives of this study was to measure and correlate maternal serum hPL with free β hCG, maternal age, maternal age related risk ratio and calculated risk ratio of first trimester screening. After obtaining permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee, hPL and free β hCG were measured from the serum of 84 pregnant women aged 20–40 years in 11–13th weeks + 6 days of gestation who underwent dual test during their antenatal check-up. Independent t test, Pearson's correlation, Spearman's correlation, Mann–Whitney U test, ANOVA were used wherever appropriate. A significant positive correlation between maternal serum hPL, maternal age related aneuploidy risk ratio (p value < 0.001) and aneuploidy risk ratio at the time of delivery (p value < 0.001) was observed. Also maternal age was negatively correlated with maternal serum hPL (p value < 0.001) and positively correlated with maternal serum free β hCG (p value 0.023). A significant negative correlation between maternal serum hPL and free β hCG (p value < 0.001) was found. To conclude low level of maternal serum hPL in advanced maternal age may reflect decreased functional syncytiotrophoblast mass which may predispose to adverse pregnancy outcome. As chance of baby born with chromosomal anomaly is known to increase with advancing maternal age, hPL may have role in first trimester screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor in a Pulmonary Vascular Malformation With Spontaneous Pneumothorax
- Author
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Venkatesa Kumar Ankaputhur Rajan, Rohan Reddy Chinthareddy, Vijay C Lingaraju, Srirangapatna Varadaraj Srikrishna, and Arvind Muthirevula
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gestational trophoblastic disease ,business.industry ,Vascular malformation ,Implantation Site ,Uterus ,medicine.disease ,Cytokeratin ,Human placental lactogen ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Pneumothorax ,embryonic structures ,medicine ,Surgery ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Placental site trophoblastic tumor ,business - Abstract
Placental site trophoblastic tumour (PSTT), a rare variety of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), is traditionally limited to the uterus, found within the placental implantation site where it can lead to arteriovenous malformations. GTDs are known to metastasize to the lungs, of which, choriocarcinomas are the commonest. However, arteriovenous malformations related to such metastatic lesions are extremely rare. The occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax in pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, under any circumstances, is rarely reported. Herein, we report a rare case of metastatic PSTT, found within pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, uniquely presenting with spontaneous pneumothorax.
- Published
- 2022
18. Case–control study of prolactin and placental lactogen in SGA pregnancies
- Author
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David R. Grattan, Lesley M. E. McCowan, Sharon R Ladyman, Caroline M. Larsen, and Rennae S. Taylor
- Subjects
Male ,prolactin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,human placental lactogen ,QH471-489 ,Placenta ,Biology ,small for gestational age ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Birth Weight ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Placental lactogen ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,Research ,Reproduction ,Case-control study ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,General Medicine ,Placental Lactogen ,Prolactin ,Endocrinology ,Case-Control Studies ,RG1-991 ,Female ,pregnancy ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Prolactin and placental lactogens increase during pregnancy and are involved with many aspects of maternal metabolic adaptation to pregnancy, likely to impact on fetal growth. The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal plasma prolactin or placental lactogen concentrations at 20 weeks of gestation were associated with later birth of small-for-gestational-age babies (SGA). In a nested case–control study, prolactin and placental lactogen in plasma samples obtained at 20 weeks of gestation were compared between 40 women who gave birth to SGA babies and 40 women with uncomplicated pregnancies and size appropriate-for-gestation-age (AGA) babies. Samples were collected as part of the 'screening of pregnancy endpoints' (SCOPE) prospective cohort study. SGA was defined as birthweight s.d., P = 0.036 Student’s t-test) compared to control pregnancies carrying a male fetus. Despite the implications of these lactogenic hormones in maternal metabolism, single measurements of either prolactin or placental lactogen at 20 weeks of gestation are unlikely to be useful biomarkers for SGA pregnancies. Lay summary Early identification during pregnancy of small for gestational age (SGA) babies would enable interventions to lower risk of complications around birth (perinatal), but current detection rates of these at risk babies is low. Pregnancy hormones, prolactin and placental lactogen, are involved in metabolic changes that are required for the mother to support optimal growth and development of her offspring during pregnancy. The levels of these hormones may provide a measurable indicator (biomarker) to help identify these at risk pregnancies. Levels of these hormones were measured in samples from week 20 of gestation from women who went on to have SGA babies and control pregnancies where babies were born at a size appropriate for gestation age. Despite the implications of prolactin and placental lactogen in maternal metabolism, no significant differences were detected suggesting that single measures of either prolactin or placental lactogen at 20 weeks gestation are unlikely to be useful biomarker to help detect SGA pregnancies.
- Published
- 2021
19. Gestational Changes
- Author
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Dallenbach-Hellweg, Gisela, Schmidt, Dietmar, Dallenbach, Friederike, Dallenbach-Hellweg, Gisela, Schmidt, Dietmar, and Dallenbach, Friederike
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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20. Human Uteroplacental Lactogens: Physiology and Molecular Biology
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Handwerger, Stuart, Brar, Anoop, Melmed, Shlomo, editor, and Horseman, Nelson D., editor
- Published
- 2001
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21. Exercise and Pregnancy : Hormonal Considerations
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Lotgering, Fred K., Conn, P. Michael, editor, Warren, Michelle P., editor, and Constantini, Naama W., editor
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- 2000
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22. Involution of Implantation Site and Retained Placenta
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Benirschke, Kurt, Kaufmann, Peter, Benirschke, Kurt, and Kaufmann, Peter
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- 2000
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23. Introduction
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Stagnaro-Green, Alex and Davies, Terry F., editor
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- 2015
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24. Increased Colonic Epithelial Permeability and Mucosal Eosinophilia in Ulcerative Colitis in Remission Compared With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Health
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Katinios, Georgios, Casado Bedmar, María Teresa, Walter, Susanna A., Vicario Perez, Maria, González Castro, Ana Maria, Bednarska, Olga, Söderholm, Johan D., Hjortswang, Henrik, Keita, Åsa V, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Colon ,Biopsy ,mast cells ,Gastroenterology and Hepatology ,Epithelial permeability ,Intestinal permeability ,Gastroenterology ,Permeability ,Young Adult ,Human placental lactogen ,Internal medicine ,Eosinophilia ,Gastroenterologi ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Irritable bowel syndrome ,AcademicSubjects/MED00260 ,ulcerative colitis ,irritable bowel syndrome ,intestinal permeability ,business.industry ,Remission Induction ,Mucous membrane ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Ulcerative colitis ,Mucosal eosinophilia ,Eosinophils ,Editor's Choice ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Permeability (electromagnetism) ,Case-Control Studies ,Mast cells ,eosinophils ,Colitis, Ulcerative ,Female ,Leading Off ,business - Abstract
Background Barrier dysfunction is recognized as a pathogenic factor in ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but it is unclear to what extent the factors related to barrier dysfunction are disease-specific. The aim of this study was to compare these aspects in UC patients in remission, IBS patients, and healthy controls (HCs). Methods Colonic biopsies were collected from 13 patients with UC in remission, 15 patients with IBS-mixed, and 15 HCs. Ulcerative colitis patients had recently been treated for relapse, and biopsies were taken from earlier inflamed areas. Biopsies were mounted in Ussing chambers for measurements of intestinal paracellular permeability to 51chromium (Cr)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). In addition, biopsies were analyzed for mast cells and eosinophils by histological procedures, and plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was assessed by ELISA. Results Ussing chamber experiments revealed an increased 51Cr-EDTA permeability in UC and IBS (P < 0.05). The 51Cr-EDTA permeability was higher in UC compared with IBS (P < 0.005). There were increased numbers of mucosal mast cells and eosinophils in UC and IBS and more eosinophils in UC compared with IBS (P < 0.05). Also, increased extracellular granule content was found in UC compared with HCs (P < 0.05). The 51Cr-EDTA permeability correlated significantly with eosinophils in all groups. Plasma TNF-α concentration was higher in UC compared with IBS and HCs (P < 0.0005). Conclusions Results indicate a more permeable intestinal epithelium in inactive UC and IBS compared with HCs. Ulcerative colitis patients, even during remission, demonstrate a leakier barrier compared with IBS. Both eosinophil numbers and activation state might be involved in the increased barrier function seen in UC patients in remission., Main results from this study indicate a more permeable intestinal epithelium in inactive UC and IBS compared with HCs. Moreover, UC patients, even during remission, demonstrate a leakier barrier compared with IBS, which seems to be associated with eosinophils.
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- 2020
25. Placental Lactogen and Growth Hormone : Regulation and Action
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Anthony, Russell V., Limesand, Sean W., Fanning, Michael D., Liang, Rongti, Conn, P. Michael, editor, and Bazer, Fuller W., editor
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- 1998
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26. Gestational Changes
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Dallenbach-Hellweg, Gisela, Poulsen, Hemming, Dallenbach-Hellweg, Gisela, and Poulsen, Hemming
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- 1996
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27. The importance of determining human placental lactogen in the third trimester of pregnancy
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Durković Jasmina and Mandić Bojana
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human placental lactogen ,placental insufficiency ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
Human placental lactogen (HPL) is a hormone produced by the placenta with a role in the regulation of fetoplacental growth. In this paper, the results of HPL determination in the third trimester of pregnancy are presented with the aim of testing the sensitivity of this biochemical marker for detecting placental dysfunction, fetal vitality and risk of bad outcome. The tests were performed on 370 women with high-risk pregnancy, between the 20th and 36th week of pregnancy. HPL was determined by an ELISA method using Bioserv Diagnostics tests and the results were read by a STAT-FAX 303+ reader. When compared to normal pregnancy, a significant decrease in the level of HPL biomarker was identified in preeclampsia (p
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- 2009
28. Belgium
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Coombs, J., Alston, Y. R., Coombs, J., and Alston, Y. R.
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- 1994
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29. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Complicated by Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, and Low Platelet Count After Decreased Need for Insulin: 2 Cases
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Motomasa Ihara, Hirokazu Tanaka, Naoki Ichii, Ayaka Kaneko, Koyomi Saito, Toshiyuki Kakinuma, Shogo Kaneko, Michitaka Ohwada, Yoshimasa Kawarai, Masataka Kagimoto, and Kaoru Kakinuma
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Blood Glucose ,HELLP Syndrome ,medicine.medical_specialty ,HELLP syndrome ,Placenta ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Hemolysis ,Acute fatty liver of pregnancy ,Insulin resistance ,Human placental lactogen ,Pregnancy ,Humans ,Insulin ,Medicine ,Retrospective Studies ,Fetus ,Cesarean Section ,Platelet Count ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Articles ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Gestational diabetes ,Diabetes, Gestational ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Liver ,Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy ,Female ,Insulin Resistance ,business - Abstract
Case series Patient:— Final Diagnosis: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy • HELLP syndrome Symptoms: Decrease in insulin dosage for gestational diabetes mellitus Medication: — Clinical Procedure:— Specialty: Obstetrics and Gynecology Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: When a woman becomes pregnant, the placenta produces human placental lactogen (hPL). The anti-insulin effect of hPL raises maternal blood glucose levels, allowing the fetus to use glucose as a nutrient. Because hPL is produced by the placenta until delivery, insulin requirements in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) typically increase, but in some cases, they may decrease. We retrospectively examined data from women with GDM who received insulin and delivered at our hospital. Case Reports: From April 2019 to March 2020, we targeted patients who were diagnosed with GDM, received insulin, and delivered at our hospital. GDM was diagnosed based on the guidelines from the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The rate of change in insulin dosage was calculated as: (insulin dosage at delivery – insulin dosage 14 days before delivery) divided by 14. Two patients whose insulin dosage was significantly reduced developed a syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count or acute fatty liver of pregnancy and underwent emergency cesarean section. Conclusions: The present case report suggests that a decrease in insulin requirement in pregnant patients with GDM can predict maternal abnormalities due to placental dysfunction.
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- 2021
30. Sexually dimorphic patterns in maternal circulating microRNAs in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction
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Alexander E. P. Heazell, Isabel Lorne, Sylvia Lui, Karen Forbes, Bernadette Baker, and Rebecca Jones
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Male ,Serum ,Physiology ,Offspring ,Placenta ,Biology ,Placental dysfunction ,Gender Studies ,Sexual dimorphism ,Endocrinology ,Human placental lactogen ,Sex Factors ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,QP1-981 ,Humans ,Circulating MicroRNA ,miRNA ,Fetus ,Fetal Growth Retardation ,Research ,Pregnancy Outcome ,Biomarker ,Stillbirth ,medicine.disease ,FGR ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,In utero ,Medicine ,Gestation ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Female - Abstract
Background Current methods fail to accurately predict women at greatest risk of developing fetal growth restriction (FGR) or related adverse outcomes, including stillbirth. Sexual dimorphism in these adverse pregnancy outcomes is well documented as are sex-specific differences in gene and protein expression in the placenta. Circulating maternal serum microRNAs (miRNAs) offer potential as biomarkers that may also be informative of underlying pathology. We hypothesised that FGR would be associated with an altered miRNA profile and would differ depending on fetal sex. Methods miRNA expression profiles were assessed in maternal serum (> 36 weeks’ gestation) from women delivering a severely FGR infant (defined as an individualised birthweight centile (IBC), Highlights Detection and treatment of pregnancies at high risk of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and stillbirth remains a major obstetric challenge; circulating maternal serum microRNAs (miRNAs) offer potential as novel biomarkers.Unbiased analysis of serum miRNAs in women in late pregnancy identified a specific profile of circulating miRNAs in women with a growth-restricted infant.Some altered miRNAs (miR-28-5p, miR-301a-3p) showed sexually dimorphic expression in FGR pregnancies and others a fetal-sex dependent association to a hormonal marker of placental dysfunction (miR-454-3p, miR-29c-3p).miR-301a-3p and miR-28-5p could potentially be used to predict FGR specifically in pregnancies with a male or female baby, respectively, however larger cohort studies are required.Further investigations of these miRNAs and their relationship to placental dysfunction will lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of FGR and why there is differing susceptibility of male and female fetuses to FGR and stillbirth. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-021-00405-z.
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- 2021
31. Comparison of insulin and glibenclamide in gestational diabetes mellitus
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Nazima Alauddin
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,Fetus ,endocrine system diseases ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine.disease ,Glibenclamide ,Gestational diabetes ,Human placental lactogen ,Diabetes mellitus ,Medicine ,business ,medicine.drug ,Hormone - Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the common medical conditions that make pregnancy complicated. Pregnancy causes incremental improvements to the metabolism of the maternal carbohydrate to satisfy the increasing demands of the fetus and her mother. The progress of the pregnancy leads to a rise in insulin secretion as insulin tolerance and diabetic stress are attributed to hormones such as human placental lactogen (HPL). When this compensation results in insufficient gestational diabetes mellitus.Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of treating gestational diabetes mellitus with Glibenclamide in comparison to Insulin.Methods: A randomized study was performed on 100 GDM patients, split into two groups of 50 each. Insulin was administered for one group and glibenclamide therapy for another and their health condition and results were compared after treatment. All antenatal patients, except those with pre-existing diabetes, were tested for GDM. Each patient was advised of 75 g OGTT at her first antenatal appointment, according to institutional protocol.Results: In both groups, post-delivery HbA1c was normal suggesting strong glycaemic function. The insulin and glibenclamide group demonstrated an equal incidence of PIH and cesarean delivery. In all the patients, post-delivery fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose were normal. In any of the characteristics represented by student t in each table, there were no major variations between the two groups, which meant that both medicines were relatively effective.Conclusion: Because of its broad protein binding characteristics, short half-life, glibenclamide does not cross the placenta and functions as a substratum and inhibition for P-glycoprotein. Therefore, glibenclamide may be a safe and reliable alternative to Insulin therapy in GDM care.
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- 2021
32. The Pattern of Expression of Human Placental Lactogen Across Normal, Lactational, and Malignant Mammary Epithelium.
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Alyusuf RS, Wazir JF, Brahmi UP, Fakhro ARE, Toorani ZA, and Rezk Y
- Abstract
The immunoexpression of human placental lactogen (hPL) in mammary epithelium is not well studied in the literature. Our overall objective was to delineate the distribution pattern of hPL across mammary epithelia of varying levels of differentiation. This is the first research to study the level of expression of hPL in human lactational change epithelium. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for hPL was performed on archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 97 cases. These consisted of 53 invasive ductal carcinomas, 21 lactational change cases, and 23 cases of normal mammary tissue. The results of this study show underexpression of hPL in malignant epithelium compared to normal and lactational groups individually and combined as a non-malignant group. However, a higher expression of hPL was noted in mammary carcinoma of axillary lymph node (ALN)-positive patients compared to ALN-negative cases. There was no statistically significant difference between hPL expression and tumor grade, estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. The comparison of the immunoexpression of hPL in malignant epithelium versus lactational change epithelium may provide the basis for future studies on the possible role of hPL in the protective mechanism of lactation tissue from carcinogenesis. Our results could be explained by the proposed mechanism in the literature, which is that breast cancer cells have a potential inhibitory effect on the translation of human chorionic somatotropin hormone (CSH) mRNA into hPL protein. Our results support the literature findings of a poorer prognostic outcome for breast malignancies when hPL is expressed but require further studies using a more comprehensive range of clinical parameters., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Alyusuf et al.)
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- 2023
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33. Expression of Human Placental Hormone Genes in Growing and Growth-Inhibited (Transitional) Trophoblasts
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Nachtigal, M. W., Nickel, B. E., Bock, M. E., Lytras, A., Pasumarthi, S. K. B., Cattini, P. A., Soares, Michael J., editor, Talamantes, Frank, editor, and Handwerger, Stuart, editor
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- 1993
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34. Genetic Elements Regulating Human Placental Lactogen Expression
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Fitzpatrick, Susan L., Walker, William H., Saunders, Grady F., Soares, Michael J., editor, Talamantes, Frank, editor, and Handwerger, Stuart, editor
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- 1993
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35. Maternal prenatal depression is associated with decreased placental expression of the imprinted gene PEG3.
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Janssen, A. B., Capron, L. E., O'Donnell, K., Tunster, S. J., Ramchandani, P. G., Heazell, A. E. P., Glover, V., and John, R. M.
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MENTAL depression , *FETAL growth retardation , *GENE expression , *LONGITUDINAL method , *EVALUATION of medical care , *PSYCHOLOGY of mothers , *PLACENTA , *PREGNANCY , *PRENATAL care , *PROBABILITY theory , *PILOT projects , *EDINBURGH Postnatal Depression Scale - Abstract
BackgroundMaternal prenatal stress during pregnancy is associated with fetal growth restriction and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, which may be mediated by impaired placental function. Imprinted genes control fetal growth, placental development, adult behaviour (including maternal behaviour) and placental lactogen production. This study examined whether maternal prenatal depression was associated with aberrant placental expression of the imprinted genes paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3), paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10), pleckstrin homology-like domain family a member 2 (PHLDA2) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C), and resulting impaired placental human placental lactogen (hPL) expression.MethodA diagnosis of depression during pregnancy was recorded from Manchester cohort participants’ medical notes (n = 75). Queen Charlotte's (n = 40) and My Baby and Me study (MBAM) (n = 81) cohort participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale self-rating psychometric questionnaire. Villous trophoblast tissue samples were analysed for gene expression.ResultsIn a pilot study, diagnosed depression during pregnancy was associated with a significant reduction in placental PEG3 expression (41%, p = 0.02). In two further independent cohorts, the Queen Charlotte's and MBAM cohorts, placental PEG3 expression was also inversely associated with maternal depression scores, an association that was significant in male but not female placentas. Finally, hPL expression was significantly decreased in women with clinically diagnosed depression (44%, p < 0.05) and in those with high depression scores (31% and 21%, respectively).ConclusionsThis study provides the first evidence that maternal prenatal depression is associated with changes in the placental expression of PEG3, co-incident with decreased expression of hPL. This aberrant placental gene expression could provide a possible mechanistic explanation for the co-occurrence of maternal depression, fetal growth restriction, impaired maternal behaviour and poorer offspring outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2016
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36. Macroscopic Features of the Delivered Placenta
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Benirschke, Kurt, Kaufmann, Peter, Benirschke, Kurt, and Kaufmann, Peter
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- 2000
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37. Regulated Exocytosis as a Paradigm of Biological Signal Transduction
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Gomperts, B. D., Churcher, Y., Koffer, A., Lillie, T. H. W., Tatham, P. E. R., Whalley, T. D., Ross, Elliott M., editor, and Wirtz, Karel W. A., editor
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- 1991
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38. The Endocrinology of the Fetoplacental Unit in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy
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Chard, T., Grudzinskas, J. G., Chapman, Michael G., editor, Grudzinskas, J. Gedis, editor, and Chard, Tim, editor
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- 1991
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39. A potential role for insulin treatment during pregnancy in reducing postpartum psychological distress in maternal obesity: an administrative population health study
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Jessica S. Jarmasz, Peter A. Cattini, Alexandrea Anderson, Yan Jin, Chelsea Ruth, Margaret E. Bock, and University of Manitoba
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Postpartum depression ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Placenta ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Administrative data ,Insulins ,Psychological Distress ,lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics ,Depression, Postpartum ,Obesity, Maternal ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Maternal obesity ,Pregnancy ,Diabetes mellitus ,Postpartum psychological distress ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Gestational diabetes ,lcsh:RG1-991 ,2. Zero hunger ,Population Health ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Postpartum Period ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Reproductive Medicine ,Cohort ,Female ,business ,Human placental lactogen ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article ,Mood and anxiety disorder - Abstract
Background Studies have found an association between obesity and an increased risk for peripartum depression, which has also been linked to decreased placental lactogen levels. In addition, women with obesity treated for gestational diabetes with insulin were found to have increased levels of placental lactogen. Treatment options exist for perinatal and postpartum depression however they pose a risk to the developing offspring. Thus, prevention as well as markers for early identification of peripartum depression are needed. Therefore, our study objective is to identify the association between insulin treatment in pregnancy and the risk of postpartum psychological distress (abbreviated here as PPD) among cohorts of women with and without obesity. Methods Administrative health data (2002/03–2018/19) were used to identify a cohort of women (age 15+ years) who gave birth (N = 250,746) and had no pre-existing mood/anxiety disorders or diabetes (N = 222,863 excluded). Women were then divided into two groups: lean (N = 17,975) and with obesity (N = 9908), which was identified by a recorded maternal weight of > 38 to Results The unadjusted risk of PPD was higher in the obesity group (8.56%; 95% CI 8.00–9.15) than in the lean group (6.93%; 95% CI 6.56–7.33). When no insulin treatment was given during pregnancy, mothers with obesity had a significantly higher risk of PPD than the lean group (aRR 1.27; 95% CI 1.17–1.39; p p = 0.248). Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate a positive association between insulin treatment in pregnancy among women with obesity and reduced PPD rates, suggesting insulin as a possible preventative measure. However, the biological mechanism behind the observed positive effect of insulin on PPD rates remains to be investigated.
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- 2021
40. Human Placental Trophoblasts Are Resistant to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in a 3D-Culture Model of the Maternal-Fetal Interface
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Erica Silberstein, Alain Debrabant, David Acosta, and Kwang Sik Kim
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Chagas disease ,Microbiology (medical) ,Trypanosoma cruzi ,Cellular differentiation ,030231 tropical medicine ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tissue culture ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Human placental lactogen ,medicine ,chagas disease ,Original Research ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Syncytium ,biology ,human trophoblasts ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,congenital infection ,Cell culture ,3D culture system ,embryonic structures - Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the etiological agent of Chagas Disease (CD), is transmitted to humans by infected kissing bugs, blood transfusion, organ transplantation, and from mother-to-child. Congenital transmission is now considered an important route of CD spread in non-endemic countries where no routine testing of pregnant women for the disease is implemented. The main cellular mechanisms that lead to fetal infection by T. cruzi, despite the presence of a placental barrier, remain unclear. Mother-to-child transmission most likely occurs when bloodstream trypomastigotes reach the placental intervillous space and interact with the large cellular surface provided by the syncytioptrophoblasts. These highly specialized cells not only function as a physical obstacle between mother and fetus, but also modulate immune responses against pathogen infections. To overcome the limitations associated with the use of human fetal tissues, we employed a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model to recreate the human placenta environment. In this system, the trophoblast-derived JEG-3 cell line is co-cultured with human brain microvascular endothelial cells attached to microcarrier beads in a rotating bioreactor. Here, we report that 3D culture of JEG-3/HBMEC spheroids promote JEG-3 cells differentiation revealed by the formation of syncytia and production of β human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen (hPL). Under these growth conditions, we demonstrate that 3D-grown JEG-3 cells have reduced susceptibility to T. cruzi infection compared to JEG-3 cells grown in conventional tissue culture flasks. We also show that 3D-cultured JEG-3 cells release paracrine factors in the supernatant that prevent T. cruzi infection of non-trophoblastic cell lines. Our in vitro model of T. cruzi vertical transmission may help better understand the molecular processes by which parasites bypass the human placental barrier and could be exploited to evaluate therapeutics to reduce congenital CD.
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- 2021
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41. Dexamethasone may inhibit placental growth by blocking glucocorticoid receptors via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin and reactive oxygen species/AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathways in human placental JEG-3 cells
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Qi Si, Yiran Xie, Hongkai Shang, Liping Sun, and Xin Zhan
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endocrine system ,Placenta ,Apoptosis ,AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ,Dexamethasone ,Cell Line ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,Endocrinology ,Human placental lactogen ,Receptors, Glucocorticoid ,AMP-activated protein kinase ,GSK-3 ,Pregnancy ,Genetics ,Humans ,Phosphorylation ,Protein kinase A ,Molecular Biology ,Protein kinase B ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ,biology ,TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Glucose transporter ,Cell biology ,Reproductive Medicine ,biology.protein ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Developmental Biology ,Biotechnology ,GLUT3 ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
This study explored the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of dexamethasone (DEX, 1 µM) on glucose transporters (GLUT) in JEG-3 human placental choriocarcinoma cells. JEG-3 cells were treated with DEX, an expression plasmid encoding human glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα), pcDNA3.1-GRα, GRα short interference (si) RNA, LY294002, xanthine oxidase (XO)/hypoxanthine (HX), rapamycin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or phosphatidic acid (PA), and cell proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) content, human placental lactogen (hPL) content, glucose uptake, reactive oxygen species levels and signalling pathway modulation were evaluated. Treatment of JEG-3 cells with DEX (1 µM), GRα siRNA, LY294002 (50 µM), XO/HX (7.2 µM/36 nM) or rapamycin (80 nM) inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, significantly decreased MMP and hCG and hPL content and increased ROS levels. In addition, glucose uptake was decreased through downregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of GRα, GLUT1 and GLUT3. Treatment of JEG-3 cells with GRα siRNA, LY294002, XO/HX or rapamycin inhibited phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and tuberous sclerosis complex 2. The effects of GRα overexpression and IGF1 (100 nM), NAC (5 nM) or PA (100 µM) treatment on JEG-3 cells contrasted with those of DEX treatment. DEX blocked glucose uptake by downregulating GRα expression, which reduced GLUT1 and GLUT3 mRNA and protein expression, which, in turn, may have inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and activated the ROS/AMPK pathway.
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- 2021
42. Factors Contributing Gestational Diabetic Among Pregnant Mothers Attending Benadir Hospital Mogadishu-Somalia
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Aden, Samira Isack, Ali, Maryan Omar, Ahmed, Fardowsa Hassan, Aden, Samira Isack, Ali, Maryan Omar, and Ahmed, Fardowsa Hassan
- Abstract
Background: The Median GDM figures vary from 6and 31 %. Recent estimates ni hte United States show that GDM complicates up ot 9% of al deliveries. The latest overal prevalence of GDM si measured at 1% ni Central and South AmericaObjectives: The main objectives were ot examine the factors contributing gestational diabetic melitus among pregnant mothers ni Benadir Hospital.Methodology: The Research design was descriptive cross-sectional study to identify factors contributing gestational diabetic among pregnant mothers attending Benadir hospital. Data collection tools of this study was quantitative (questionnaires) and analyzing by using SPSS version (20.0) and present ni frequency tables & figures.Result: The results we found based on the respondents by the overweight mother as indicated that the 34% of the participants they told overweight mother was a contributing factor gestational diabetic among pregnant mothers. while the strongly agree 20% of the participants while natural agree, 20% participant while disagree 2% participant. While strongly disagree 4% participant, this means the majority of the respondents were emphasis overweight mother can increase the factors contributing gestational diabetic among pregnant mothers.Conclusion: Overweight and obesity were common problems with an increasing worldwide incidence.
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- 2020
43. Macroscopic Features of the Delivered Placenta
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Benirschke, Kurt, Kaufmann, Peter, Benirschke, Kurt, and Kaufmann, Peter
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- 1995
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44. Correlation of Insulin Resistance in Pregnancy with Obstetric Outcome
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Shazia Bano, Mona Asnani, Anjoo Agrawal, Wahid Ali, Amita Pandey, Renu Singh, Namrata Kumar, and Vinita Das
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Pregnancy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Neonatal hypoglycemia ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,medicine.disease ,Preeclampsia ,Human placental lactogen ,Insulin resistance ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Gestation ,Original Article ,Prospective cohort study ,business - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy is characterized by a series of metabolic changes that promote insulin resistance. This could be due to increase in the plasma levels of one or more pregnancy-related hormones such as oestrogen, progesterone, prolactin, cortisol, and human placental lactogen (HPL). The increased insulin resistance in pregnancy is associated with development of diabetes which has implications for the future gestations also. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine status of insulin resistance in pregnant women and correlate the presence of insulin resistance with obstetric outcome. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KGMU, Lucknow, over a period of one year. Total 150 pregnant women were enrolled from OPD, out of which 136 women were followed up till delivery. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA IR index, twice in whole antenatal period (first in early pregnancy and second in late pregnancy). All women were also tested for GDM by DIPSI test (plasma glucose value after 2 h of 75 gm glucose load irrespective of last meal) as per protocol. RESULTS: In our study, we found 71 women out of 136 (52.2%) were GDM. Total 30 women out of 136 (22.05%) were GGI (Gestational Glucose Intolerance), and total 38 out of 136 (27.9%) women were found to have insulin resistance using HOMA IR ≥ 2 as cut off. Significant correlation was found in between BMI and insulin resistance (p = 0.001) and between GDM and insulin resistance (p = 0.001). Relative risk of development of complications like Preeclampsia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and respiratory distress syndrome was higher in women having insulin resistance and GDM. CONCLUSION: Obstetric complications like preeclampsia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and respiratory distress syndrome are more likely to occur in women with insulin resistance, but larger studies are required to delineate whether insulin resistance alone without development of GDM will have the same implication
- Published
- 2020
45. Delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol disrupts mitochondrial function and attenuates syncytialization in human placental BeWo cells
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Sandeep Raha, O’Llenecia S. Walker, Rehginald Ragos, Harmeet Gurm, Mariah Lapierre, and Linda L. May
- Subjects
placenta ,Development and Regeneration ,Cell Survival ,Physiology ,Cellular respiration ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Physiology ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Mitochondrion ,medicine.disease_cause ,Giant Cells ,Mitochondrial Dynamics ,lcsh:Physiology ,Mitochondrial Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Human placental lactogen ,Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Physiology (medical) ,Placenta ,medicine ,oxidative stress ,Humans ,HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ,Dronabinol ,Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists ,Syncytium ,lcsh:QP1-981 ,Chemistry ,Growth factor ,Trophoblast ,Original Articles ,Chaperonin 60 ,cannabinoid ,Mitochondria ,Trophoblasts ,Cell biology ,Cellular and Molecular Physiology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,embryonic structures ,Original Article ,Female ,Gonadotropins ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
The psychoactive component in cannabis, delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, can restrict fetal growth and development. Delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol has been shown to negatively impact cellular proliferation and target organelles like the mitochondria resulting in reduced cellular respiration. In the placenta, mitochondrial dysfunction leading to oxidative stress prevents proper placental development and function. A key element of placental development is the proliferation and fusion of cytotrophoblasts to form the syncytium that comprises the materno‐fetal interface. The impact of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol on this process is not well understood. To elucidate the nature of the mitochondrial dysfunction and its consequences on trophoblast fusion, we treated undifferentiated and differentiated BeWo human trophoblast cells, with 20 µM delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol for 48 hr. At this concentration, delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol on BeWo cells reduced the expression of markers involved in syncytialization and mitochondrial dynamics, but had no effect on cell viability. Delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol significantly attenuated the process of syncytialization and induced oxidative stress responses in BeWo cells. Importantly, delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol also caused a reduction in the secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin and the production of human placental lactogen and insulin growth factor 2, three hormones known to be important in facilitating fetal growth. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol attenuated mitochondrial respiration, depleted adenosine triphosphate, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. These changes were also associated with an increase in cellular reactive oxygen species, and the expression of stress responsive chaperones, HSP60 and HSP70. These findings have important implications for understanding the role of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol‐induced mitochondrial injury and the role this might play in compromising human pregnancies., THC disrupted mitochondrial function, increased markers of mitochondrial fission and cellular stress in BeWo cells. This was coincident with reduced BeWo cell fusion and secretion of important fetal growth signals, hPL and IGF2. These changes were mediated, in part, via the CB1 receptor in syncytialized BeWo cells.
- Published
- 2020
46. Reactive oxygen species from mitochondria impacts trophoblast fusion and the production of endocrine hormones by syncytiotrophoblasts
- Author
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Mohamed Adam, O’Llenecia S. Walker, Rehginald Ragos, Anson Cheung, Michael K. Wong, and Sandeep Raha
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Mitochondrial ROS ,Embryology ,Placenta ,Maternal Health ,MFN2 ,Syncytiotrophoblasts ,Mitochondrion ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Cell Fusion ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Energy-Producing Organelles ,Cells, Cultured ,Cellular Stress Responses ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Multidisciplinary ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell biology ,Mitochondria ,Trophoblasts ,Cell Processes ,embryonic structures ,Medicine ,Mitochondrial fission ,Female ,Cellular Structures and Organelles ,Anatomy ,Research Article ,Signal Transduction ,Cell Physiology ,Science ,Bioenergetics ,03 medical and health sciences ,Human placental lactogen ,Rotenone ,medicine ,Humans ,Reactive oxygen species ,Reproductive System ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Cell Biology ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Women's Health ,Blastocysts ,Placental Hormones ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Oxidative stress ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The placenta, a tissue that is metabolically active and rich in mitochondria, forms a critical interface between the mother and developing fetus. Oxidative stress within this tissue, derived from the dysregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been linked to a number of adverse fetal outcomes. While such outcomes have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, the causal role of mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrially generated ROS in altering the process of placentation remains unclear. In this study, mitochondrial complex I activity was attenuated using 10 nM rotenone to induce cellular oxidative stress by increasing mitochondrial ROS production in the BeWo choriocarcinoma cell line. Increased mitochondrial ROS resulted in a significant decrease in the transcripts which encode for proteins associated with fusion (GCM1, ERVW-1, and ERVFRD-1) resulting in a 5-fold decrease in the percentage of BeWo fusion. This outcome was associated with increased indicators of mitochondrial fragmentation, as determined by decreased expression of MFN2 and OPA1 along with an increase in a marker of mitochondrial fission (DRP1). Importantly, increased mitochondrial ROS also resulted in a 5.0-fold reduction of human placental lactogen (PL) and a 4.4-fold reduction of insulin like growth factor 2 (IGF2) transcripts; hormones which play an important role in regulating fetal growth. The pre-treatment of rotenone-exposed cells with 5 mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) resulted in the prevention of these ROS mediated changes in BeWo function and supports a central role for mitochondrial ROS signaling in the maintenance and function of the materno-fetal interface.
- Published
- 2020
47. Obesity and regulation of human placental lactogen production in pregnancy
- Author
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Yan Jin, Jessica S. Jarmasz, Noshin Noorjahan, Peter A. Cattini, and Margaret E. Bock
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Placenta ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Syncytiotrophoblast ,Human placental lactogen ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Gene family ,Animals ,Humans ,Obesity ,Placental lactogen ,Gene ,Locus control region ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Placental Lactogen ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Female ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The four genes coding for placental members of the human (h) growth hormone (GH) family include two that code independently for placental lactogen (PL), also known as chorionic somatomammotrophin hormone, one that codes for placental growth hormone (PGH) and a pseudogene for which RNA but no protein product is reported. These genes are expressed preferentially in the villus syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta in pregnancy. In higher primates, the placental members, including hPL and PGH, are the result of multiple duplication events of the GH gene. This contrasts with rodents and ruminants, where PLs result from duplication of the prolactin (PRL) gene. Thus, unlike their mouse counterparts, the hPL and PGH hormones bind both lactogenic and somatogenic receptors with varying affinity. Roles influenced by nutrient availability in both metabolic control in pregnancy and maternal behaviour are supported. However, the effect maternal obesity has on the activation of placental members of the hGH gene family, particularly the expression and function of those genes, is poorly understood. Evidence from partially humanised hGH/PL transgenic mice indicates that both the remote upstream hPL locus control region (LCR) and more gene-related regulatory regions are required for placental expression in vivo. Furthermore, a specific pattern of interactions between the LCR and hPL gene promoter regions is detected in term placenta chromatin from women with a normal body mass index (BMI) in the range 18.5-25 kg m-2 by chromosome conformation capture assay. This pattern is disrupted with maternal obesity (class II BMI > 35 kg m-2 ) and associated with a > 40% decrease in term hPL RNA levels, as well as serum hPL but not PRL levels, during pregnancy. The relative importance of the chromosomal architecture and predicted properties for transcription factor participation in terms of hPL production and response to obesity are considered, based on comparison with components required for efficient human pituitary GH gene expression.
- Published
- 2020
48. Frontostriatal Structural Connectivity and Striatal Glutamatergic Levels in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: An Integrative Analysis of DTI and 1H-MRS
- Author
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Sakiko Tsugawa, Eric Plitman, Yoshihiro Noda, Masataka Wada, Shiori Honda, Ariel Graff Guerrero, Mie Matsui, Shinya Fujii, Ryo Ochi, Masaru Mimura, Ryosuke Tarumi, Karin Matsushita, Shinichiro Nakajima, Hiroyuki Uchida, and M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Subjects
business.industry ,Glutamate receptor ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,White matter ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Glutamatergic ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Human placental lactogen ,Schizophrenia ,Medicine ,Treatment resistant schizophrenia ,business ,Prefrontal cortex ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Given that approximately one-third of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to antipsychotics, different neurobiological bases may underlie treatment resistance in schizophrenia. Previous studies showed that treatment response is associated with both frontostriatal connectivity and glutamatergic neurometabolite levels in the caudate in patients with schizophrenia, which leads to the hypothesis that the relationship between them may be altered, specifically in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Employing analyses of covariance and subsequent partial correlation analyses, we compared the relationship between glutamate+glutamine (Glx) levels in the caudate and fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the tract between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate in 19 patients with TRS, 20 patients responsive to first-line antipsychotics (FL-Resp), and 19 healthy controls (HCs). TRS was defined by severe positive symptomatology despite first-line antipsychotic treatment. Patients with TRS had lower FA values in the bilateral frontostriatal tracts than patients with FL-Resp and HCs (P < .001), while no group differences were found in caudate Glx levels. There was a significant frontostriatal FA value-by-group interaction on caudate Glx levels (F = 7.37, P = .009). Frontostriatal FA values positively correlated with caudate Glx levels in HCs (r = −.55, P = .028), while they were negatively associated with caudate Glx levels in the TRS group (r = .53, P = .043). Furthermore, in the FL-Resp group, frontostriatal FA values did not significantly correlated with caudate Glx levels. The altered relationship between white matter integrity and the glutamate system in the frontostriatal circuit in the TRS group may reflect the pathophysiology underlying treatment response/resistance in schizophrenia.
- Published
- 2020
49. Oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus
- Author
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Phudit Jatavan
- Subjects
Vitamin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,endocrine system diseases ,business.industry ,medicine.drug_class ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Gestational diabetes ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Human placental lactogen ,chemistry ,Estrogen ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,business ,Oxidative stress ,Hormone - Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common medical complication during pregnancy. This condition is caused by placental hormones, especially human placental lactogen (HPL), estrogen and progesterone, which can impair insulin intolerance and carbohydrate metabolism. The activities of these hormones lead to hyperglycemia in pregnancy. In GDM patients, the oxidative stress level increases in maternal plasma and placental tissues, but in neonatal plasma, the issue is controversial. Conversely, the level of antioxidants decreases in maternal blood and placental tissue. Therefore the reduction in antioxidant level may lead to oxidative stress increase and poor pregnancy outcomes. The role of antioxidant supplementation (dietary or vitamin) in decreasing oxidative stress level is not clear but it can increase antioxidant levels in GDM patients. However, the effect of oxidative stress on pregnancy outcomes need to be further investigated in future studies.
- Published
- 2020
50. Low serum placental lactogen at term is associated with postnatal symptoms of depression and anxiety in women delivering female infants
- Author
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Samantha M. Garay, Rosalind M. John, and Lorna Sumption
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Depression, Postpartum ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Human placental lactogen ,Sex Factors ,Pregnancy ,Endocrine system ,Medicine ,Humans ,Placental lactogen ,Biological Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depressive Disorder ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Cesarean Section ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Puerperal Disorders ,medicine.disease ,Placental Lactogen ,Anxiety Disorders ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mood ,Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ,Anxiety ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background. Placental endocrine insufficiency may increase the risk of depression and anxiety during pregnancy and/or after birth. This study investigated the association between serum human placental lactogen (hPL) and measures of perinatal mental health, accounting for selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) usage.\ud Method. Caucasian women with singleton, term pregnancies recruited at their pre-surgical appointment prior to an elective caesarean section (ELCS) were studied. Serum hPL levels in maternal blood collected at recruitment were measured by ELISA. Depression and anxiety scores were derived from Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the trait subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaires completed at recruitment and three postnatal time points. Data was analysed by unadjusted and adjusted multiple linear regression. \ud Results. In adjusted linear regressions, term maternal serum hPL levels were negatively associated with postnatal EPDS and STAI score ten weeks postnatal for mothers who had girls (B= -.367 , p= .022, 95% CI -.679, -.056; and B= -.776, p= .030, 95% CI -1.475, -.077 respectively). Excluding women prescribed SSRIs strengthened the relationship at 10 weeks and uncovered an earlier association between hPL and mood scores within one week of delivery (EPDS B= -.357 , p= .041, 95% CI -.698, -.015; and STAI B= -.737, p= .027, 95% CI -1.387, -.086). In mothers who had boys, there were no associations between hPL and mood scores at any time point.\ud Conclusion. Low hPL predicted postnatal depression and anxiety symptoms exclusively in mothers of girls. Insufficiency in hPL may contribute to maternal mood symptoms.
- Published
- 2019
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