Descriptor: "Human health and pathology" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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466 results on '"Human health and pathology"'

1. Paclitaxel induces lymphatic endothelial cells autophagy to promote metastasis

Author: Anne-Catherine Prats, Barbara Garmy-Susini, Melinda Alves, Laurent O. Martinez, Charlotte Vaysse, Souad Najib, Anne Gomez-Brouchet, Julie Guillermet-Guibert, Eric Lacazette, Nicole Therville, Charlotte Chollet, Florence Tatin, Camille Franchet, Audrey Zamora, Tiffany Fougeray, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopôle (IUCT), Toxicologie Intégrative & Métabolisme (ToxAlim-TIM), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Garmy-Susini, Barbara, ProdInra, Migration, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_treatment, Metastasis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Breast cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell Movement, Cancer, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, lcsh:Cytology, Chloroquine, 3. Good health, Endothelial stem cell, Lymphatic Endothelium, Lymphatic system, medicine.anatomical_structure, Paclitaxel, Lymphatic Metastasis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Lymph, Sentinel Lymph Node, Endothelium, Cell Survival, government.form_of_government, Immunology, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Breast Neoplasms, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Cell Line, Tumor, Autophagy, Cell Adhesion, medicine, Humans, lcsh:QH573-671, Cell Proliferation, 030304 developmental biology, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Endothelial Cells, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, chemistry, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, government, Cancer research, Human health and pathology, Lysosomes, business, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Cytotoxic therapy for breast cancer inhibits the growth of primary tumors, but promotes metastasis to the sentinel lymph nodes through the lymphatic system. However, the effect of first-line chemotherapy on the lymphatic endothelium has been poorly investigated. In this study, we determined that paclitaxel, the anti-cancer drug approved for the treatment of metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer, induces lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) autophagy to increase metastases. While paclitaxel treatment was largely efficacious in inhibiting LEC adhesion, it had no effect on cell survival. Paclitaxel inhibited LEC migration and branch point formation by inducing an autophagy mechanism independent of Akt phosphorylation. In vivo, paclitaxel mediated a higher permeability of lymphatic endothelium to tumor cells and this effect was reversed by chloroquine, an autophagy-lysosome inhibitor. Despite a strong effect on reducing tumor size, paclitaxel significantly increased metastasis to the sentinel lymph nodes. This effect was restricted to a lymphatic dissemination, as chemotherapy did not affect the blood endothelium. Taken together, our findings suggest that the lymphatic system resists to chemotherapy through an autophagy mechanism to promote malignant progression and metastatic lesions. This study paves the way for new combinative therapies aimed at reducing the number of metastases.
Published: 2019

2. Whey protein isolate modulates beta-carotene bioaccessibility depending on gastro-intestinal digestion conditions

Author: Torsten Bohn, Yvan Larondelle, Charles Desmarchelier, Giulia Dingeo, Patrick Borel, Celal Degerli, Thomas Schleeh, Mohammed Iddir, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Faculté de Médecine et Médecine Dentaire [UCLouvain], Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Grant No. C16/BM/11320230, EU-COST actions EUROCAROTEN (CA15136) and POSITIVE (FA 1403), Prémilleux, Annick, and UCL - SST/LIBST - Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology
Subjects: micellisation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Whey protein isolate, Pepsin, Bile, activité gastrointestinale, Food science, Carotenoid, Micelles, bioaccessibilité, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, onde péristaltique, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Chemistry, Emulsion, food and beverages, Micellization, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, beta Carotene, 040401 food science, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Spectrophotometry, protéine, gouttelette lipidique, Digestion, émulsion, Biological Availability, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Absorption (skin), In Vitro Techniques, carotenoide, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, beta-Carotene, Humans, Proteins, Carotenoids, Lipid droplets, Peristalsis, beta carotène, cinétique de digestion, 010401 analytical chemistry, Pepsin A, 0104 chemical sciences, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, isolat protéique, Whey Proteins, Enzyme, Pancreatin, Digestive enzyme, biology.protein, Human health and pathology, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Carotenoids are lipophilic phytochemicals; their intake has been associated with reduced chronic diseases. However, their absorption depends on emulsification during digestion and incorporation into mixed micelles, requiring digestive enzymes, gastric peristalsis, bile, and dietary lipids. In this study, we investigated whether whey-protein-isolate (WPI), a commonly consumed protein source, can modulate β-carotene bioaccessibility in vitro, especially under incomplete digestive conditions, i.e. under low digestive enzyme concentrations. Thus, amounts of pepsin, pancreatin, bile, co-digested lipids and kinetic energy and gastric digestion time were modified, and WPI at concentrations equivalent to 0/25/50% of the protein recommended dietary allowance (approx. 60 g/d) were added to β-carotene dissolved in oil. WPI enhanced bioaccessibility by up to 20% (p
Published: 2019

3. Increased levels of the megakaryocyte and platelet expressed cysteine proteases stefin A and cystatin A prevent thrombosis

Author: Marie-Christine Alessi, Anna Mezzapesa, Marie Maraninchi, Delphine Bastelica, Christophe Dubois, Lydie Crescence, Michel Grino, Marjorie Poggi, Jean-Claude Bordet, Annabelle Dupont, Laurence Panicot-Dubois, Franck Peiretti, René Valéro, Matthias Canault, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Récepteurs nucléaires, maladies cardiovasculaires et diabète - U 1011 (RNMCD), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, 'Fondation de France' (grant 00056841) and the Société Francophone du Diabète, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Récepteurs nucléaires, maladies cardiovasculaires et diabète (EGID), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), and Prémilleux, Annick
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Platelet Aggregation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, cathepsine, Cathepsin B, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Megakaryocyte, mégacaryocyte, Platelet, thrombose, Receptor, lcsh:Science, Mice, Knockout, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, analyse de l'expression génique, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, Megakaryocytes, Blood Platelets, Platelets, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Article, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, 03 medical and health sciences, Downregulation and upregulation, medicine, Animals, Humans, Cystatin A, Platelet activation, Calcium Signaling, Obesity, Thrombus, Rats, Wistar, protéase à cystéine, lcsh:R, Thrombosis, medicine.disease, Platelet Activation, Molecular biology, Rats, Mice, Inbred C57BL, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030104 developmental biology, Human health and pathology, lcsh:Q, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Increased platelet activity occurs in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and such platelet dysregulation likely originates from altered megakaryopoiesis. We initiated identification of dysregulated pathways in megakaryocytes in the setting of T2DM. We evaluated through transcriptomic analysis, differential gene expressions in megakaryocytes from leptin receptor-deficient mice (db/db), exhibiting features of human T2DM, and control mice (db/+). Functional gene analysis revealed an upregulation of transcripts related to calcium signaling, coagulation cascade and platelet receptors in diabetic mouse megakaryocytes. We also evidenced an upregulation (7- to 9.7-fold) of genes encoding stefin A (StfA), the human ortholog of Cystatin A (CSTA), inhibitor of cathepsin B, H and L. StfA/CSTA was present in megakaryocytes and platelets and its expression increased during obesity and diabetes in rats and humans. StfA/CSTA was primarily localized at platelet membranes and granules and was released upon agonist stimulation and clot formation through a metalloprotease-dependent mechanism. StfA/CSTA did not affect platelet aggregation, but reduced platelet accumulation on immobilized collagen from flowing whole blood (1200 s−1). In-vivo, upon laser-induced vascular injury, platelet recruitment and thrombus formation were markedly reduced in StfA1-overexpressing mice without affecting bleeding time. The presence of CA-074Me, a cathepsin B specific inhibitor significantly reduced thrombus formation in-vitro and in-vivo in human and mouse, respectively. Our study identifies StfA/CSTA as a key contributor of platelet-dependent thrombus formation in both rodents and humans.
Published: 2019

4. Comprehensive clinical profiling of the Gauting locoregional lung adenocarcinoma donors

Author: Serge Guyétant, Jürgen Behr, Yves Courty, Kristina A. M. Arendt, Agnès Petit-Courty, Sylvain Marchand-Adam, Valérie Gissot, Anne-Sophie Lamort, Ina Koch, Jan‐Christian Kaiser, Georgios T. Stathopoulos, Ioanna Giopanou, Maria Oplopoiou, Michael Lindner, Ioannis Lilis, Martin E. Eichhorn, Rudolf Hatz, Giannoula Ntaliarda, Mario A.A. Pepe, Laura V. Klotz, Anja Stowasser, Alicia Morresi-Hauf, Sabine J. Behrend, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Comprehensive pneumology center, Partenaires INRAE, University Hospital, German Centre for Lung Research, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University-Hospital Munich-Großhadern [München], Heidelberg University, University of Patras, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Asklepios Medical Center, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU de Tours), Asklepios Lung Clinic Gauting, German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Research design, Male, Cancer Research, Lung Neoplasms, Death risk, Pneumologie et système respiratoire, LADC, lung adenocarcinoma, obstruction, smoking, survival, Pulmonary Surgical Procedures, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, 0302 clinical medicine, Recurrence, Germany, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Cancer, Original Research, Curative intent, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, résection, Middle Aged, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cohort, Adenocarcinoma, Female, Lung resection, medicine.medical_specialty, adénocarcinome, Médecine humaine et pathologie, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Adenocarcinoma of Lung, lcsh:RC254-282, Time-to-Treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, FEV1/FVC ratio, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Internal medicine, Humans, tabagisme, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Mortality, Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Lung, business.industry, Clinical Cancer Research, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, poumon, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Human health and pathology, Ladc, Lung Adenocarcinoma, Obstruction, Smoking, Survival, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; A comprehensive characterization of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) clinical features is currently missing. We prospectively evaluated Caucasian patients with early-stage LADC. Patients with LADC diagnosed between 2011 and 2015 were prospectively assessed for lung resection with curative intent. Fifty clinical, pathologic, radiologic, and molecular variables were recorded. Patients were followed till death/study conclusion. The main findings were compared to a separate cohort from France. Of 1943 patients evaluated, 366 were enrolled (18.8%; 181 female; 75 never-smokers; 28% of registered Bavarian cases over the study period). Smoking and obstruction were significantly more prevalent in GLAD compared with adult Bavarians (P < 0.0001). Ever-smoker tumors were preferentially localized to the upper lobes. We observed 120 relapses and 74 deaths over 704 cumulative follow-up years. Median overall and disease-free survival were >7.5 and 3.6 years, respectively. Patients aged 65 years, resected >60 days postdiagnosis, with abnormal FVC/DLCO VA , N2/N3 stage, or solid histology had significantly decreased survival estimates. These were fit into a weighted locoregional LADC death risk score that outperformed pTNM7 in predicting survival in the GLAD and in our second cohort. We define the clinical gestalt of locoregional LADC and provide a new clinical tool to predict survival, findings that may aid future management and research design
Published: 2019

5. Thromboxane–prostaglandin receptor antagonist, terutroban, prevents neurovascular events after subarachnoid haemorrhage: a nanoSPECT study in rats

Author: David, Lagier, David, Tonon, Philippe, Garrigue, Benjamin, Guillet, Laura, Giacomino, Jean-Charles, Martin, Marie-Christine, Alessi, Nicolas, Bruder, Lionel J, Velly, Velly, Lionel, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie médicale (CERIMED), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de médecine (AMU MED), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Vascular research center of Marseille (VRCM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, Single-photon emission computerized tomography, Receptors, Thromboxane, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Apoptosis, Naphthalenes, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Subarachnoid haemorrhage, Thromboxane-prostaglandin receptor, Cerebral vasospasm, Blood brain barrier, Animals, vasoconstriction, échelle nanométrique, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, hémorragie méningée, Research, lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, lcsh:RC86-88.9, Physical Functional Performance, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Rats, liquide céphalorachidien, Thromboxane–prostaglandin receptor, Treatment Outcome, maladie vasculaire, Basilar Artery, barrière hematoencephalique, fraction lipidique, Human health and pathology, Propionates, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, thromboxane
Abstract: Background Several lipid metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid are correlated with poor outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Most of these metabolites bind to ubiquitous thromboxane–prostaglandin (TP) receptors, causing vasoconstriction and inflammation. Here, we evaluated terutroban (TBN), a specific TP receptor antagonist, for the prevention of post-haemorrhage blood-brain barrier disruption, neuronal apoptosis and delayed cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods The rat double subarachnoid haemorrhage model was produced by twice injecting (days 1 and 2) autologous blood into the cisterna magna. Seventy-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to experimental groups. Rats exposed to subarachnoid haemorrhage were allocated to no treatment (SAH group) or TBN treatment by gastric gavage during the first 5 days after haemorrhage (SAH+TBN group). Control rats received artificial cerebrospinal fluid injections (CSF group). Sham-operated rats with or without TBN administration were also studied. Body weight and Garcia neurological scores were assessed on day 2 and day 5. We used nanoscale single-photon emission computed tomography (nanoSPECT) to measure brain uptake of three radiolabelled agents: 99mTechnetium-diethylenetriaminepentacetate (99mTc-DTPA), which indicated blood-brain barrier permeability on day 3, 99mTechnetium-annexin V-128 (99mTc-Anx-V128), which indicated apoptosis on day 4, and 99mTechnetium-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (99mTc-HMPAO), which indicated cerebral perfusion on day 5. Basilar artery narrowing was verified histologically, and cerebral TP receptor agonists were quantified. Results 99mTc-DTPA uptake unveiled blood-brain barrier disruption in the SAH group. TBN mitigated this disruption in the brainstem area. 99mTc-Anx-V128 uptake was increased in the SAH group and TBN diminished this effect in the cerebellum. 99mTc-HMPAO uptake revealed a global decreased perfusion on day 5 in the SAH group that was significantly counteracted by TBN. TBN also mitigated basilar artery vasoconstriction, neurological deficits (on day 2), body weight loss (on day 5) and cerebral production of vasoconstrictors such as Thromboxane B2 and Prostaglandin F2α. Conclusions Based on in vivo nanoscale imaging, we demonstrated that TBN protected against blood-brain barrier disruption, exerted an anti-apoptotic effect and improved cerebral perfusion. Thus, TP receptor antagonists showed promising results in treating post-haemorrhage neurovascular events.
Published: 2019

6. Disseminated Spiroplasma apis Infection in Patient with Agammaglobulinemia, France

Author: Agnès Ferroni, Laure Béven, Sabine Pereyre, Olivier Lortholary, Fanny Lanternier, Marc Lecuit, Hervé Lécuyer, Josquin Moraly, Laurent Bret, Nicolas Etienne, Cécile Le Brun, Olivier Hermine, Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UPD5 Médecine), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHR), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université de Bordeaux (UB), We thank Anne Laurence Thomi Georgelin, who referred the patient to the Necker-Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Valérie Zeller for the management of septic polyarthritis, and Philippe Lanotte and Marie-Pierre Dubrana, who participated in molecular analysis., Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHRO), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Epidemiology, vector-borne infections, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, law.invention, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Disseminated Spiroplasma apis Infection in Patient with Agammaglobulinemia, France, bacteria, Pathogen, insect stings, immunocompromised patient, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, santé humaine, bacterial endocarditis, 3. Good health, Apis, Apis mellifera, Bruton, France, Spiroplasma, Spiroplasma apis, agammaglobulinemia, bacterial infection, bee, bruton thyrosine kinase, btk, endocarditis, genetic diseases, hornet, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunocompromised, infective endocarditis, mycoplasma, septic arthritis, x linked agammaglobulinemia, Infectious Diseases, Gram staining, bactérie pathogène, Microbiology (medical), Fastidious organism, animal structures, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Microbiology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, stomatognathic system, Research Letter, medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, mollicute, business.industry, lcsh:R, Mycoplasma, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, infection, 030104 developmental biology, Human health and pathology, Septic arthritis, spiroplasme, business, pathologie humaine
Abstract: UMR BFP - Equipe Mollicutes; International audience; We report a disseminated infection caused by Spiroplasma apis, a honeybee pathogen, in a patient in France who had X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Identification was challenging because initial bacterial cultures and direct examination by Gram staining were negative. Unexplained sepsis in patients with agammaglobulinemia warrants specific investigation to identify fastidious bacteria such as Spiroplasma spp
Published: 2018

7. Effectiveness and costs of non-invasive foetal RHD genotyping in rhesus-D negative mothers: a French multicentric two-arm study of 850 women

Author: Meryl Darlington, Bruno Carbonne, Agnès Mailloux, Yves Brossard, Annie Levy-Mozziconacci, Anne Cortey, Hassani Maoulida, Tabassome Simon, Alexandra Rousseau, Isabelle Durand-Zaleski, the GENIFERH1 Study Group, AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique [Marseille], Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION ), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Littoral, Environnement : Méthodes et Outils Numériques (LEMON), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and colin, yves
Subjects: Genotyping Techniques, Cost effectiveness, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Rho(D) Immune Globulin, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Prenatal Diagnosis, Rh-Hr Blood-Group System, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Anti-D immunoglobulin, Obstetrics, Cost evaluation, Cost-effectiveness, Non-invasive foetal RHD genotyping, Pregnancy Outcome, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Care, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Gynécologie et obstétrique, Santé publique et épidémiologie, Gestation, Female, France, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Reproductive medicine, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Rh Isoimmunization, lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics, 03 medical and health sciences, Fetus, medicine, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Genotyping, lcsh:RG1-991, business.industry, Gynecology and obstetrics, medicine.disease, Rhesus d, Clinical trial, Human health and pathology, business, Postpartum period
Abstract: Background The determination of foetal Rhesus D (RHD) status allows appropriate use of IgRh prophylaxis by restricting its use to cases of RHD feto-maternal incompatibilities. There is a degree of uncertainty about the cost-effectiveness of foetal RHD determination, yet screening programs are being introduced into clinical practice in many countries. This paper evaluates the impact of non-invasive foetal Rhesus D (RHD) status determination on the costs of managing RHD-negative pregnant women and on the appropriate use of anti-D prophylaxis in a large sample of RHD-negative pregnant women using individual prospectively collected clinical and economic data. Methods A prospective two-armed trial of RHD negative pregnant women was performed in 11 French Obstetric Departments. Non-invasive foetal RHD genotyping was performed before 26 weeks' gestation in the experimental arm whereas the control arm participants received usual care. The costs associated with patient management in relation to their RHD negative status (biological tests, anti-D prophylaxis and visits) were calculated from inclusion to the end of the postpartum period. The costs of hospital admissions during pregnancy and delivery were also determined. Results A total of 949 patients were included by 11 centres between 2009 and 2012, and 850 completed follow-up, including medical and biological monitoring. Patients were separated into two groups: the genotyping group (n=515) and the control group (n=335). The cost of the genotyping was estimated at 140 euros per test. The total mean cost per patient was estimated at €3,259 (SD ± 1,120) and €3,004 (SD ± 1,004) in the genotyping and control groups respectively. The cost of delivery represented three quarters of the total cost in both groups. The performance of managing appropriately RHD negative anti-D prophylaxis was 88% in the genotyping group, versus 65% in the control group. Using the costs related to RHD status (biological tests, anti-D immunoglobulin injections and visits) the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated to be €578 for each percentage gain in women receiving appropriate management. Conclusion Early knowledge of the RHD status of the foetus using non-invasive foetal RHD genotyping significantly improved the management of RHD negative pregnancies with a small increase in cost. Trial registration Clinical trials registry-NCT00832962–13 January 2009 - retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-018-2114-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

8. Evaluating the cost-consequence of a standardized strategy for the etiological diagnosis of uveitis (ULISSE study)

Author: de Parisot, Audrey, Jamilloux, Yvan, Kodjikian, Laurent, Errera, Marie-Hélène, Sedira, Neila, Heron, Emmanuel, Perard, Laurent, Cornut, Pierre-Loic, Schneider, Christelle, Rivière, Sophie, Ollé, Priscille, Pugnet, Grégory, Cathebras, Pascal, Manoli, Pierre, Bodaghi, Bahram, Saadoun, David, Baillif, Stéphanie, Tieulié, Nathalie, André, Marc, Chiambaretta, Fédéric, BONIN, Nicolas, Bielefeld, Philip, Bron, Alain, Mouriaux, Frédéric, Bienvenu, Boris, Amamra, Nassira, Guerre, Pascale, Decullier, Evelyne, Sève, Pascal, ULISSE, ., Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sève, Pascal, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts (CHNO), Equipe mobile de Gériatrie, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Pierre-Paul Riquet Hospital, Poison Control Center, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France., Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Desgenettes Hospital, Partenaires INRAE, CHU Limoges, CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), La Conception, Bicêtre Hospital, South Hospital, Rabelais Center, Hôpital Montchanin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Rennes], Hôpital Chalon-sur-Saône, Hôpital Nantes, and The French Ministry of Health (PHRC 2009).
Subjects: Male, Bacterial Diseases, Pediatrics, Organes des sens, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Treponematoses, law.invention, Diagnostic Radiology, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prospective Studies, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Prospective cohort study, health care economics and organizations, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Serodiagnosis, Multidisciplinary, Ophthalmologists, Radiology and Imaging, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3. Good health, Serology, Infectious Diseases, Radiological weapon, Medicine, Female, France, Uveitis, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Imaging Techniques, Science, Urology, Sensory Organs, MEDLINE, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Tuberculin, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Diagnostic Medicine, Virology, medicine, Humans, Syphilis, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, business.industry, Genitourinary Infections, Biology and Life Sciences, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, medicine.disease, Tropical Diseases, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Ophthalmology, Viral Disease Diagnosis, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Etiology, Human health and pathology, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; MAIN OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess the cost-consequence of a standardized diagnostic strategy as to compared to an open one for the etiological diagnosis of uveitis. DESIGN: This was a prospective, non-inferiority, multicentre, randomized controlled trial. METHODS: We included all consecutive patients with uveitis who had visited at least one of the Departments of Ophthalmology. In the standardized group, patients had a minimal work-up regardless of the type of uveitis (including evaluation of the CBC, ESR, C-reactive protein, tuberculin skin test, syphilis serology and chest X-ray). Depending on ophthalmological findings, further investigations could be performed. In the open strategy, ophthalmologists were free to order any kind of investigation. The main outcome was the mean cost per patient of each strategy. RESULTS: 903 uveitis patients were included from January, 2010 to May, 2013. The mean cost per patient of the standardized strategy was 182.97 euros [CI 95% (173.14; 192.80)], and the mean cost per patient of the open strategy was 251.75 euros [CI 95% (229.24; 274.25)]. Therefore, the mean cost per patient of the standardized strategy was significantly lower than the mean cost per patient of the open strategy (p
Published: 2020

9. Un siècle de recherche sur les bactériophages

Author: Boulanger, Pascale, Brives, Charlotte, Debarbieux, Laurent, Dufour, Nicolas, Froissart, Rémy, Gandon, Sylvain, Le Hénaff, Claire, Petit, Marie Agnes, Rocha, Eduardo, Torres-Barcelo, Clara, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de chimie bactérienne (LCB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bactériophage T5 (T5PHAG), Département Virologie (Dpt Viro), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Émile Durkheim (CED), Sciences Po Bordeaux - Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux (IEP Bordeaux)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier René Dubos [Pontoise], Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université de Bordeaux Ségalen [Bordeaux 2], Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Ansaldi, Mireille
Subjects: épistémologie, écologie microbienne, bacteriophages, Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Virologie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Médecine humaine et pathologie, virus, bactéries, cycle infectieux, biologie moléculaire, écologie virale, évolution virale, Phytopathologie et phytopharmacie, mécanisme moléculaire, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, propriété biologique, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Virology, Human health and pathology
Abstract: Les bactériophages tiennent une place prépondérante dans le monde vivant. Du point de vue épistémologique, ils participent à la compréhension du vivant via trois aspects fondamentaux : (i) les mécanismes moléculaires les plus intimes du fonctionnement des infections virales et de celui des cellules elles-mêmes (biologie moléculaire) ; (ii) le fonctionnement des écosystèmes (écologie) ; et (iii) la dynamique adaptative des populations virales et bactériennes (évolution). À travers une présentation historique de la découverte des bactériophages et de leurs fascinantes propriétés, cette revue relate la genèse des découvertes fondamentales associées à l’étude des bactériophages et présente une vision synthétique des champs de recherche actuels., Bacteriophages have a prominent place in the living world. They participate to our understanding of the living world through three main aspects : (i) the dissection of the most intimist aspects of viral infection molecular mechanisms (molecular biology), (ii) the description and functioning mechanisms of ecosystems (ecology), and (iii) the adaptive dynamics of integrated viral and host-cell populations (evolution). This review looks back at the genesis of these fundamental findings and draws a picture of the most active fields of current research.
Published: 2020

10. HLA-H: Transcriptional Activity and HLA-E Mobilization

Author: François Jordier, Delphine Gras, Maria De Grandis, Xavier-Benoît D'Journo, Pascal-Alexandre Thomas, Pascal Chanez, Christophe Picard, Jacques Chiaroni, Julien Paganini, Julie Di Cristofaro, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etablissement Français du Sang Provence-Alpes Côte-d'Azur et Corse (EFS), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Marseille, Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), and Dubois Frid, Caroline
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Signal peptide, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, pseudogène, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, HLA-E, Pseudogene, Cell, Immunology, HLA-H, pseudogene, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Human leukocyte antigen, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], expression, medicine, hla dr, Immunology and Allergy, signal peptide, Allele, Gene, Original Research, cellule épithéliale, RNA, analyse transcriptionnelle, Molecular biology, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, peptide signal, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Human health and pathology, lcsh:RC581-607, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; Little attention is paid to pseudogenes from the highly polymorphic HLA genetic region. The pseudogene HLA-H is defined as a non-functional gene because it is deleted at different frequencies in humans and because it encodes a potentially non-functional truncated protein. However, different studies have shown HLA-H transcriptional activity. We formerly identified 13 novel HLA-H alleles, including the H*02:07 allele, which reaches 19.6% in East Asian populations and encodes a full-length HLA protein. The aims of this study were to explore the expression and possible function of the HLA-H molecule. HLA-H may act as a transmembrane molecule and/or indirectly via its signal peptide by mobilizing HLA-E to the cell surface. We analyzed HLA-H RNA expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC), Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (HBEC), and available RNA sequencing data from lymphoblastoid cell lines, and we looked to see whether HLA-E was mobilized at the cell surface by the HLA-H signal peptide. Our data confirmed that HLA-H is transcribed at similar levels to HLA-G. We characterized a hemizygous effect in HLA-H expression, and expression differed according to HLA-H alleles; most interestingly, the HLA-H*02:07 allele had the highest level of mRNA expression. We showed that HLA-H signal peptide incubation mobilized HLA-E molecules at the cell surface of T-Lymphocytes, monocytes, B-Lymphocytes, and primary epithelial cells. Our results suggest that HLA-H may be functional but raises many biological issues that need to be addressed.
Published: 2020

11. STING-dependent paracriny shapes apoptotic priming of breast tumors in response to anti-mitotic treatment

Author: Lohard, Steven, Bourgeois, Nathalie, Maillet, Laurent, Gautier, Fabien, Fétiveau, Aurélie, Lasla, Hamza, Nguyen, Frédérique, Vuillier, Céline, Dumont, Alison, Moreau-Aubry, Agnès, Frapin, Morgane, David, Laurent, Loussouarn, Delphine, Kerdraon, Olivier, Campone, Mario, Jézéquel, Pascal, Juin, Philippe P., and Barillé-Nion, Sophie
Subjects: Médecine humaine et pathologie, Human health and pathology
Abstract: A fascinating but uncharacterized action of antimitotic chemotherapy is to collectively primecancer cells to apoptotic mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), whileimpacting only on cycling cell subsets. Here, we show that a proapoptotic secretory phe-notype is induced by activation of cGAS/STING in cancer cells that are hit by antimitotictreatment, accumulate micronuclei and maintain mitochondrial integrity despite intrinsicapoptotic pressure. Organotypic cultures of primary human breast tumors and patient-derived xenografts sensitive to paclitaxel exhibit gene expression signatures typical of type IIFN and TNFαexposure. These cytokines induced by cGAS/STING activation trigger NOXAexpression in neighboring cells and render them acutely sensitive to BCL-xL inhibition.cGAS/STING-dependent apoptotic effects are required for paclitaxel response in vivo, andthey are amplified by sequential, but not synchronous, administration of BH3 mimetics.Thus anti-mitotic agents propagate apoptotic priming across heterogeneously sensitivecancer cells through cytosolic DNA sensing pathway-dependent extracellular signals,exploitable by delayed MOMP targeting.
Published: 2020

12. Les applications antibactériennes des bactériophages

Author: Ansaldi, Mireille, Boulanger, Pascale, Brives, Charlotte, Debarbieux, Laurent, Froissart, Rémy, Gandon, Sylvain, Le Hénaff, Claire, Petit, Marie Agnes, Rocha, Eduardo, Torres-Barcelo, Clara, and Dufour, Nicolas
Subjects: sensibilité au phage, Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Virologie, Médecine humaine et pathologie, médecine humaine, Phytopathologie et phytopharmacie, bactériophage, traitement thérapeutique, domaine d'application, préparation commerciale, résistance aux traitements, méthode de lutte, agroalimentaire, Virology, Human health and pathology, pathologie végétale, securité alimentaire, phagothérapie, médecine, environnement, agriculture, antibiotiques
Abstract: Dès 1917, dans l’article où il décrit ses premières observations et propose le nom de bactériophage, Félix d’Hérelle rapporte une première utilisation de ces virus pour traiter des infections bactériennes, donnant ainsi naissance à la phagothérapie. Le développement de cette application a montré qu’il était possible de mettre en place des traitements ciblant spécifiquement les bactéries, tels que ceux basés sur l’utilisation d’antibiotiques. Ces derniers, de par leur très grande efficacité et simplicité d’utilisation, ont provoqué le quasi-abandon de la phagothérapie. Aujourd’hui, un nombre croissant de bactéries pathogènes pour l’homme présente des phénotypes de résistance à plusieurs familles d’antibiotiques. Les infections causées par ces bactéries imposent l’utilisation de molécules au spectre d’activité toujours plus large et placent certains patients en situation d’impasse thérapeutique. Cet état de fait a relancé les recherches pour permettre le déploiement de la phagothérapie afin de traiter des patients mais aussi des animaux et des plantes. En fait, les domaines d’applications thérapeutiques des bactériophages s’élargissent au fur et à mesure que les agents antibactériens de nature chimique sont remis en cause, voire interdits. Cette revue revient sur les principes fondamentaux des applications thérapeutiques des bactériophages et expose les données récentes dans les domaines pour lesquels une exploitation commerciale est en cours ou sur le point d’émerger., In the 1917 article in which Félix d'Hérelle describes his first observations and proposes the name of bacteriophage, he also reports the first use of these viruses to treat bacterial infections, thus giving birth to phage therapy. Soon after antibiotics supplanted bacteriophages. Today, bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics become a growing public health issue worldwide. This situation has revived research aiming at developing the antibacterial activity of bacteriophages to treat patients as well as diseases in animals and plants. In fact, the areas of applications of bacteriophages as antibacterial are widening as current solutions of chemical nature are questioned. This review summarizes the basic principles of therapeutic applications of bacteriophages and presents recent data in areas where commercial exploitation is occurring or about to emerge.
Published: 2020

13. Integrative analysis of blood and gut microbiota data suggests a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related disorder in French SLAdd minipigs

Author: Munyaka, Peris Mumbi, Lecardonnel, Jerôme, Lemonnier, Gaetan, Venturi, Eric, Chevaleyre, Claire, Oswald, Isabelle P., Estelle, Jordi, Rogel Gaillard, Claire, and Moroldo, Marco
Subjects: Alimentation et Nutrition, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Food and Nutrition, Human health and pathology, Toxicology, Toxicologie
Abstract: and which often tend to be obese. The SLAdd (DD) minipig line was created by the NIH and selected as homozygous at the SLA locus. It was brought to France more than 30 years ago and maintained inbred ever since. In this report, we characterized the physiological status of a herd of French DD pigs by measuring intermediate phenotypes from blood and faeces and by using Large White (LW) pigs as controls. Three datasets were produced, i.e. complete blood counts (CBCs), microarray-based blood transcriptome, and faecal microbiota obtained by 16S rRNA sequencing. CBCs and expression profiles suggested a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related pathology associated to comorbid cardiac diseases. The characterization of 16S sequencing data was less straightforward, suggesting only a potential weak link to obesity. The integration of the datasets identified several fine-scale associations between CBCs, gene expression, and faecal microbiota composition. NAFLD is a common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries and is linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiac pathologies. Here we show that the French DD herd is potentially affected by this syndrome.
Published: 2020

14. Calcium delivery by electroporation induces in vitro cell Ddeath through mitochondrial dysfunction without DNA damages

Author: Marie-Pierre Rols, Isabelle Fourquaux, Audrey Montigny, H. Baaziz, Laure Gibot, Marc Audebert, Rols, Marie-Pierre, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Interactions moléculaires et réactivité chimique et photochimique (IMRCP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Métabolisme et Xénobiotiques (ToxAlim-MeX), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Fluides, Energie, Réacteurs, Matériaux et Transferts (FERMAT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IDeAS - Interfaces Dynamiques et Assemblages Stimulables (IDeAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Electrochemotherapy, Programmed cell death, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, chemistry.chemical_element, Médecine humaine et pathologie, spheroids, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Mitochondrion, Calcium, magnesium, Bleomycin, calcium electroporation, electrochemotherapy, genotoxicity, mitochondria, lcsh:RC254-282, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Cytotoxicity, Cisplatin, Electroporation, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Human health and pathology, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Adolescent cancer survivors present increased risks of developing secondary malignancies due to cancer therapy. Electrochemotherapy is a promising anti-cancer approach that potentiates the cytotoxic effect of drugs by application of external electric field pulses. Clinicians proposed to associate electroporation and calcium. The current study aims to unravel the toxic mechanisms of calcium electroporation, in particular if calcium presents a genotoxic profile and if its cytotoxicity comes from the ion itself or from osmotic stress. Human dermal fibroblasts and colorectal HCT-116 cell line were treated by electrochemotherapy using bleomycin, cisplatin, calcium, or magnesium. Genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content, and caspases activities were assessed in cells grown on monolayers and tumor growth was assayed in tumor spheroids. Results in monolayers show that unlike cisplatin and bleomycin, calcium electroporation induces cell death without genotoxicity induction. Its cytotoxicity correlates with a dramatic fall in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP depletion. Opposite of magnesium, over seven days of calcium electroporation led to spheroid tumor growth regression. As non-genotoxic, calcium has a better safety profile than conventional anticancer drugs. Calcium is already authorized by different health authorities worldwide. Therefore, calcium electroporation should be a cancer treatment of choice due to the reduced potential of secondary malignancies.
Published: 2020

15. Influence of cardiac hemodynamic variables on retinal vessel density measurement on optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with myocardial infarction

Author: Florian Baudin, Pierre-Henry Gabrielle, Marianne Zeller, Louis Arnould, Alain M. Bron, Catherine Creuzot-Garcher, Yves Cottin, T. Pommier, Stéphane Pitois, Charles Guenancia, Creuzot Garcher, Catherine, ProdInra, Migration, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1432 (Dijon) - Epidemiologie Clinique/Essais Cliniques (CIC-EC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: Male, Cardiac output, Longitudinal study, retina, Organes des sens, medicine.medical_treatment, Hemodynamics, Cell Count, Pilot Projects, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, oct angiography, law, cardiovascular disease, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Myocardial infarction, Fluorescein Angiography, Ejection fraction, Rehabilitation, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Heart, Middle Aged, Intensive care unit, 3. Good health, myocardial infarction, [SDV.MHEP.OS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, Cardiology, cardiovascular system, Female, Tomography, Optical Coherence, medicine.medical_specialty, Sensory Organs, Médecine humaine et pathologie, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, Aged, business.industry, Retinal Vessels, Stroke Volume, Retinal, medicine.disease, Ophthalmology, chemistry, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Human health and pathology, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Quantitative measurements of retinal microvasculature by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) have been used to assess cardiovascular risk profile. However, to date, there are no studies focusing on OCT-A imaging in the setting of the altered hemodynamic status found in high-risk cardiovascular patients. METHODS: To determine the potential association between retinal vascular density on OCT-A and a comprehensive battery of hemodynamic variables in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) using data from the acute phase and at 3 months follow-up after cardiac rehabilitation. This prospective longitudinal study included patients who presented with MI in the cardiology intensive care unit at Dijon University Hospital. Main outcomes and measurements were retinal vessel density on OCT-A, hemodynamic status based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and indexed cardiac output during the acute phase of myocardial infarction and at 3 months follow-up. RESULTS: Overall, 30 patients were included in this pilot study. The median (IQR) age was 64 years (55-71) with 87% men. At admission, the mean (SD) LVEF was 53% (11), and the mean indexed cardiac output was 2.70 (0.83) L/min/m(2). On OCT-A, the mean inner retinal vascular density was 19.09 (2.80) mm(-1). No significant association was found between retinal vascular density and hemodynamic variables. CONCLUSION: We found no significant association between retinal vascular density on OCT-A and hemodynamic variables in the acute phase of a myocardial infarction or after 3 months of cardiac rehabilitation. Therefore, OCT-A findings do not seem to be influenced by the hemodynamic changes associated with myocardial infarction., Introduction : Les caractéristiques quantitatives de la microvascularisation rétinienne en tomographie par cohérence optique angiographie (OCT-A) ont été utilisées pour évaluer le profil de risque cardiovasculaire. Cependant à ce jour, aucune étude ne s’est intéressée à la description microvasculaire en OCT-A dans un contexte d’une altération de l’état hémodynamique chez des patients présentant un risque cardiovasculaire élevé. Méthodes : Déterminer l’association potentielle entre la densité vasculaire rétinienne en OCT-A et un ensemble exhaustif de variables hémodynamiques chez des patients atteints d’un infarctus du myocarde en utilisant les données de la phase aiguë et du suivi à 3 mois, après une rééducation cardiaque. Cette étude longitudinale prospective a inclus des patients présentant un infarctus du myocarde dans l’unité de soins intensifs cardiologique du centre hospitalier universitaire de Dijon. Les critères principaux étaient la densité vasculaire rétinienne en OCT-A, la fraction d’éjection ventriculaire gauche (FEVG) et le débit cardiaque indexé à la phase aiguë de l’infarctus du myocarde et lors du suivi à 3 mois. Résultats : Au total, 30 patients ont été inclus dans cette étude pilote. L’âge médian (écart interquartile) était de 64 ans (55–71) avec 87 % d’hommes. À l’admission, la FEVG moyenne (écart type) était de 53 % (11) et le débit cardiaque indexé moyen était de 2,70 (0,83) L/min/m2. De plus, la densité vasculaire rétinienne interne moyenne était de 19,09 (2,80) mm−1. Aucune association significative n’a été trouvée entre la densité vasculaire rétinienne et les variables hémodynamiques. Conclusion : Nous n’avons pas trouvé d’association significative entre la densité vasculaire rétinienne en OCT-A et les variables hémodynamiques ni à la phase aiguë de l’infarctus du myocarde ni après 3 mois de réadaptation cardiaque. Par conséquent, les résultats quantitatifs de l’OCT-A ne semblent pas être influencés par les variations hémodynamiques chez des patients ayant présenté un infarctus du myocarde.
Published: 2020

16. Role of the interferons in CD64 and CD169 expressions in whole blood: Relevance in the balance between viral- or bacterial-oriented immune responses

Author: Fabrice Malergue, Pénélope Bourgoin, Géraldine Biéchelé, Inès Ait Belkacem, Pierre-Emmanuel Morange, ProdInra, Migration, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Beckman Coulter SA, Partenaires INRAE, Faculté des sciences de Luminy, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 2016/1368, and 2018/1212
Subjects: lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Adult, 0301 basic medicine, Neutrophils, Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1, Immunology, pathways, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Biology, Monocytes, Flow cytometry, 03 medical and health sciences, Transduction (genetics), 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, CD64, Original Research, Whole blood, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Activator (genetics), flow cytometry, Receptors, IgG, Interleukin, Bacterial Infections, CD169, interferons, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Virus Diseases, Human health and pathology, lcsh:RC581-607, Janus kinase, Biomarkers, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Introduction CD64 expression increases on neutrophils during bacterial infections. Recently an increase in CD169 expression has been discovered on monocytes during viral infections. Generally, interferons α (IFNsα) and IFNsγ are key drivers of the infectious host immune response. The purpose of this study was to explore if a link exists between these IFNs and both biomarkers. Methods Whole blood samples from healthy volunteers were stimulated with either IFNs, interleukins, or infectious extracts, to mimic an infectious state. Expressions of CD64 and CD169 were assessed in these samples by multiple flow cytometry methods, over precise kinetics. Results The expression of CD64 was statistically higher in samples stimulated with IFNγ, and CD169 in those stimulated with IFNα (and all other type I IFNs). Surface expressions are directly induced by their respective IFNs via Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transduction pathways within 6 to 8 hours of incubation. Mixing both types of IFNs seemed to indicate that they partially inhibit each other. Conclusions The induction of CD169 on monocytes and CD164 on neutrophils by type I and type II IFNs confirms the relevance of these markers for assessing between a viral‐ vs bacterial‐oriented immune response., CD64 and CD169 are expressed in samples stimulated with interferon γ (IFNγ) and IFNα, indicating relevance for discriminating infections.
Published: 2020

17. Effect of Diet in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Systematic Review

Author: Stéphane Munck, Annabel Maruani, Marie-Hélène Jegou, Bach-Nga Pham, Bruno Giraudeau, Mahtab Samimi, Hélène Cornillier, Olivier Chosidow, Annie-Pierre Jonville-Béra, Florence Hacard, Gwenaëlle d'Acremont, Service de dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Département d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Médecine Générale (DERGM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis - Faculté de Médecine (UNS UFR Médecine), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Médecin Dermatologue, Partenaires INRAE, Médecin Pédiatre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), CHU Henri Mondor, Centre de Preuves en Dermatologie, France, Cornillier, Hélène, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Urticaria, Provocation test, Population, MEDLINE, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Dermatology, chronic urticaria, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, allergological tests, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Fish Products, diet, food, spontaneous urticaria, lcsh:Dermatology, Humans, Medicine, education, maladie inflammatoire, Chronic urticaria, Dermatologie, education.field_of_study, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, business.industry, maladie de la peau, Remission Induction, Complete remission, General Medicine, Evidence-based medicine, Allergens, [SDV.MHEP.DERM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology, lcsh:RL1-803, 3. Good health, régime alimentaire, Treatment Outcome, 030228 respiratory system, Chronic Disease, Human health and pathology, business, [SDV.MHEP.DERM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Histamine
Abstract: International audience; Strategies for diets in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) are controversial. This systematic review assessed the interest in diet for managing CSU. We searched for original reports in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and LILACS. Among the 278 reports screened, 20 were included, involving 1,734 patients. Reports described 3 types of systematic diet: pseudoallergen-free diet (n = 1,555 patients), low-histamine diet (n = 223) and diet without fish products (n = 47), which induced complete remission in 4.8%, 11.7% and 10.6% of patients, respectively, and partial remission in 37.0%, 43.9% and 4.3%. Eight reports described personalized exclusion diets (66 patients) adapted to symptoms/allergological test results and led to complete remission in 74.6% of patients, although the diagnosis of CSU was doubtful. No comparative randomized studies of diets were available. The only randomized studies were based on oral provocation tests with the suspected responsible diet. Population and outcomes were heterogeneous. In conclusion, there is evidence for the benefit of diets in CSU only in individual patients with clinical symptoms. However, the level of evidence is low for the benefit of systematic diets in CSU because systematic double-blind controlled trials of diet are lacking.
Published: 2018

18. Efficacy of two vitamin E formulations in patients with abetalipoproteinemia and chylomicron retention disease

Author: Philippe Moulin, Jocelyne Drai, Emmanuelle Reboul, Emile Levy, Charlotte Cuerq, Lioara Restier, Noël Peretti, Mathilde Di Filippo, Marie-Caroline Michalski, Alain Lachaux, Emilie Blond, Pierre Poinsot, Agnès Sassolas, Sybil Charrière, Cyrielle Caussy, Christian Laveille, Christophe Marçais, Emilie Henin, Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Systèmes et des Procédés (LMSP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Nutrition, obésité et risque thrombotique (NORT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, apoprotein-b, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, tissu adipeux, métabolisme des lipides, Anderson disease, adipose-tissue, Biochemistry, Gastroenterology, Hypobetalipoproteinemias, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, liquid-chromatography, Vitamin E, chronic cholestasis, triglyceride transfer protein, Research Articles, Vitamin E Acetate, lipoprotéine, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, chylomicron, Middle Aged, tocopherol, metabolic disease, Abetalipoproteinemia, adipose tissue, 3. Good health, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, absorption, hypocholesterolemia, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Vitamin E deficiency, Safety, Chylomicron retention disease, Adult, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, medicine.medical_specialty, Drug Compounding, Drug Storage, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Biological Availability, andersons disease, QD415-436, Tocofersolan, 03 medical and health sciences, Malabsorption Syndromes, alpha-tocopherol, Internal medicine, abetalipoproteinémie, medicine, Humans, hypocholestérolemie, adipose, business.industry, tissue, Cell Biology, fatty-acids, maladie métabolique, mutations, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Fat-Soluble Vitamin, Intestinal Absorption, chemistry, Case-Control Studies, Human health and pathology, business, alpha-Tocopherol, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, lipid-metabolism
Abstract: International audience; Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) and chylomicron retention disease (CMRD) are extremely rare recessive forms of hypobetalipoproteinemia characterized by intestinal lipid malabsorption and severe vitamin E deficiency. Vitamin E is often supplemented in the form of fat-soluble vitamin E acetate, but fat malabsorption considerably limits correction of the deficiency. In this crossover study, we administered two different forms of vitamin E, tocofersolan (a water-soluble derivative of RRR-alpha-tocopherol) and alpha-tocopherol acetate, to three patients with ABL and four patients with CMRD. The aims of this study were to evaluate the intestinal absorption characteristics of tocofersolan versus alpha-tocopherol acetate by measuring the plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol over time after a single oral load and to compare efficacy by evaluating the ability of each formulation to restore vitamin E storage after 4 months of treatment. In patients with ABL, tocofersolan and alpha-tocopherol acetate bioavailabilities were extremely low (2.8% and 3.1%, respectively). In contrast, bioavailabilities were higher in patients with CMRD (tocofersolan, 24.7%; alpha-tocopherol acetate, 11.4%). Plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol at 4 months were not significantly different by formulation type in ABL or CMRD. This study provides new insights about vitamin E status in ABL and CMRD and suggests the potential of different formulations as treatment options.
Published: 2018

19. Machine Learning-Based Classification of the Health State of Mice Colon in Cancer Study from Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy

Author: Pejman Rasti, Hugo Dorez, David Rousseau, Salma Samiei, Raphaël Sablong, Christian Wolf, Driffa Moussata, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, French National Research Agency : ANR-11-LABX-0063 ANR-11-IDEX-0007, DORA plus (Estonian government programme)., Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS), Université d'Angers (UA), Extraction de Caractéristiques et Identification (imagine), Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: endoscopie, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Computer science, cancer du colon, médecine humaine, lcsh:Medicine, 02 engineering and technology, modèle, computer.software_genre, Interface homme-machine, Machine Learning, Mice, classification biologique, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, lcsh:Science, bioinformatique, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, muqueuse intestinale, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Microscopy, Confocal, Multidisciplinary, Emerging diseases, 3. Good health, microscopie laser confocale, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Transfer of learning, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Algorithms, Colon, education, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Bioengineering, Maladies émergentes, Machine learning, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, intelligence artificielle, Text mining, saisie d'images, medicine, Animals, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], business.industry, Deep learning, lcsh:R, Cancer, medicine.disease, Ingénierie biomédicale, Human-Computer Interaction, Support vector machine, 030104 developmental biology, Cancer imaging, Human health and pathology, lcsh:Q, Neural Networks, Computer, Artificial intelligence, State (computer science), business, computer, Software, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: In this article, we address the problem of the classification of the health state of the colon’s wall of mice, possibly injured by cancer with machine learning approaches. This problem is essential for translational research on cancer and is a priori challenging since the amount of data is usually limited in all preclinical studies for practical and ethical reasons. Three states considered including cancer, health, and inflammatory on tissues. Fully automated machine learning-based methods are proposed, including deep learning, transfer learning, and shallow learning with SVM. These methods addressed different training strategies corresponding to clinical questions such as the automatic clinical state prediction on unseen data using a pre-trained model, or in an alternative setting, real-time estimation of the clinical state of individual tissue samples during the examination. Experimental results show the best performance of 99.93% correct recognition rate obtained for the second strategy as well as the performance of 98.49% which were achieved for the more difficult first case.
Published: 2019

20. Shift in skin microbiota of Western European women across aging

Author: R. Jugé, P. Rouaud-Tinguely, K. Servaes, C. Grimaldi, H. Coppin, J. Breugnot, M.-P. Roth, B. Closs, R & D Department, SILAB, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ProdInra, Migration, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Aging, Western European women, Corynebacterium, Beta diversity, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, Taxonomic composition, 0302 clinical medicine, Alpha diversity, propionibacterium, Young adult, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Skin, Dermatologie, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, integumentary system, biology, Microbiota, Age-related changes, actinobacteria, épiderme, vieillissement, General Medicine, Middle Aged, communauté bactérienne, 3. Good health, Europe, 16s rrna gene sequencing, Female, Proteobacteria, Biotechnology, Adult, protéobactérie, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Dermatology, personne âgée, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, taxonomie bactérienne, Age groups, Humans, Microbiote cutané, Aged, Bacteria, [SDV.MHEP.DERM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Human health and pathology, [SDV.MHEP.DERM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Aims : The objective of our study was to compare the microbiota diversity between two different age groups of Western European women. Methods and Results : Skin‐swab samples were collected directly on the forehead of 34 healthy Western European women: 17 younger (21‐31 years old) and 17 older individuals (54‐69 years old). Bacterial communities were evaluated using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Data revealed a higher alpha diversity on the skin of older individuals compared with younger ones. Overall microbiota structure was different between the two age groups, as demonstrated by beta diversity analysis, which also highlighted a high interpersonal variation within older individuals. Furthermore, taxonomic composition analysis showed both an increase in Proteobacteria and a decrease in Actinobacteria on the older skin. At the genus level, older skin exhibited a significant increase in Corynebacterium and a decrease in Propionibacterium relative abundance. Conclusions : Our study revealed a shift in the distribution of skin microbiota during chronological aging in Western European women. Significance and Impact of Study: Altogether these results could become the basis to develop new approaches aiming to rebalance the skin microbiota, which is modified during the aging process.
Published: 2018

21. Perioperative management of adult diabetic patients. Postoperative period

Author: Gaëlle Cheisson, Sophie Jacqueminet, Emmanuel Cosson, Carole Ichai, Anne-Marie Leguerrier, Bogdan Nicolescu-Catargi, Alexandre Ouattara, Igor Tauveron, Paul Valensi, Dan Benhamou, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (COMUE) (USPC), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Université de Bordeaux (UB), Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], ProdInra, Migration, and Benhamou, Dan
Subjects: Diabetes, Perioperative, Basal-bolus, Insulin pump, Hypoglycaemia, Hyperglycaemia, endocrine system diseases, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Postoperative Period, 030212 general & internal medicine, Postoperative Care, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, nutritional and metabolic diseases, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hyperglycemia, Human health and pathology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Working party approved by the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR) and the French Society for the study of Diabetes (SFD); International audience; Follow on from continuous intravenous administration of insulin with an electronic syringe (IVES) is an important element in the postoperative management of a diabetic patient. The basal-bolus scheme is the most suitable taking into account the nutritional supply and variable needs for insulin, reproducing the physiology of a normal pancreas: (i) slow (long-acting) insulin (= basal) which should immediately take over from IVES insulin simulating basal secretion; (ii) ultra-rapid insulin to simulate prandial secretion (= bolus for the meal); and (iii) correction of possible hyperglycaemia with an additional ultra-rapid insulin bolus dose. A number of schemes are proposed to help calculate the dosages for the change from IV insulin to subcutaneous insulin and for the basal-bolus scheme. Postoperative resumption of an insulin pump requires the patient to be autonomous. If this is not the case, then it is mandatory to establish a basal-bolus scheme immediately after stopping IV insulin. Monitoring of blood sugar levels should be continued postoperatively. Hypoglycaemia and severe hyperglycaemia should be investigated. Faced with hypoglycaemia < 3.3 mmol/L (0.6 g/L), glucose should be administered immediately. Faced with hyperglycaemia > 16.5 mmol/L (3 g/L) in a T1D or T2D patient treated with insulin, investigations for ketosis should be undertaken systematically. In T2D patients, unequivocal hyperglycaemia should also call to mind the possibility of diabetic hyperosmolarity (hyperosmolar coma). Finally, the modalities of recommencing previous treatments are described according to the type of hyperglycaemia, renal function and diabetic control preoperatively and during hospitalisation.
Published: 2018

22. Perioperative management of adult diabetic patients. Intraoperative period

Author: Alexandre Ouattara, Igor Tauveron, Emmanuel Cosson, Dan Benhamou, Gaëlle Cheisson, Sophie Jacqueminet, Paul Valensi, Carole Ichai, Anne-Marie Leguerrier, Bogdan Nicolescu-Catargi, Benhamou, Dan, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (COMUE) (USPC), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Université de Bordeaux (UB), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: Insulin pump, medicine.medical_treatment, Médecine humaine et pathologie, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Sudden death, Diabetic nephropathy, Intraoperative Period, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin resistance, Diabetic cardiomyopathy, Diabetes mellitus, Glycaemic control, Diabetes Mellitus, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Perioperative, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intraoperative Care, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, business.industry, Diabetes, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Insulin therapy, 3. Good health, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia, Human health and pathology, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: In diabetic patients undergoing surgery, we recommend assessing glycaemic control preoperatively by assessing glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and recent capillary blood sugar (glucose) levels, and to adjust any treatments accordingly before surgery, paying particular attention to specific complications of diabetes. Gastroparesis creates a risk of stasis and aspiration of gastric content at induction of anaesthesia requiring the use of a rapid sequence induction technique. Cardiac involvement can be divided into several types. Coronary disease is characterised by silent myocardial ischaemia, present in 30-50% of T2D patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a real cause of heart failure. Finally, cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN), although rarely symptomatic, should be investigated because it causes an increased risk of cardiovascular events and a risk of sudden death. Several signs are suggestive of CAN, and confirmation calls for close perioperative surveillance. Chronic diabetic kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy) aggravates the risk of perioperative acute renal failure, and we recommend measurement of the glomerular filtration rate preoperatively. The final step of the consultation concerns the management of antidiabetic therapy. Preoperative glucose infusion is not necessary if the patient is not receiving insulin. Non-insulin drugs are not administered on the morning of the intervention except for metformin, which is not administered from the evening before. The insulins are injected at the usual dose the evening before. The insulin pump is maintained until the patient arrives in the surgical unit. It should be remembered that insulin deficiency in a T1D patient leads to ketoacidosis within a few hours.
Published: 2018

23. Kinetics of plasma apolipoprotein E isoforms by LC-MS/MS: a pilot study

Author: Blanchard, Valentin, Ramin-Mangata, Stéphane, Billon-Crossouard, Stephanie, Aguesse, Audrey, Durand, Manon, Chemello, Kevin, Nativel, Brice, Flet, Laurent, Chetiveaux, Maud, Jacobi, David, Bard, Jean-Marie, Ouguerram, Khadija, Lambert, Gilles, Krempf, Michel, Croyal, Mikael, Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH Ouest), Université de Nantes (UN), unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Service de Pharmacie, Hôtel-Dieu-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), FR 3473 Institut universitaire Mer et Littoral (IUML), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest [Angers/Nantes] (UNICANCER/ICO), UNICANCER, Centre de recherche en nutrition humaine Ouest, Nutrition périnatale [Nantes] (Centres de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine - CRNH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine - Ouest, INRA: UMR1280 Physiologie des adaptations (UMR1280), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles [UMR_A1280] (PhAN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN), UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, and Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest
Subjects: Male, Apolipoprotein E2, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Apolipoprotein E4, Apolipoprotein E3, Médecine humaine et pathologie, lipoprotein/metabolism, Pilot Projects, QD415-436, apolipoprotein E isoforms, Biochemistry, Lipoproteins/Kinetics, tandem mass spectrometry, Humans, Protein Isoforms, Food and Nutrition, liquid chromatography, lipoprotein/kinetics, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, peptide, stable isotope tracers, Middle Aged, Kinetics, Lipoproteins/Metabolism, Alimentation et Nutrition, Human health and pathology, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research
Abstract: International audience; Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) exhibits three major isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4) corresponding to polymorphism in theAPOEgene. Total plasma apoE concentrations are closely related to these isoforms but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to describe the kinetics of apoE individual isoforms to explore the mechanisms for variable total apoE plasma concentrations. We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to discriminate between isoforms by identifying specific peptide sequences in subjects (3 E2/E3, 3 E3/E3 and 3 E3/E4 phenotypes) who received a primed constant infusion of2H3-leucine for 14 hours. ApoE concentrations and leucine enrichments were measured hourly in plasma. Concentrations of apoE2 were higher than apoE3, and concentrations of apoE4 were lower than apoE3. There was no difference between apoE3 and apoE4 catabolic rates and between apoE2 and apoE3 production rates, but apoE2 catabolic rates and apoE4 production rates were lower. Then, the mechanisms leading to the difference in total plasma apoE concentrations are related to contrasted kinetics of the isoforms. Production or catabolic rates are differently affected according to the specific isoforms. From these grounds, studies on the regulation of the involved biochemical pathways and the impact of pathological environments are now warranted.
Published: 2018

24. Rational design of adjuvants targeting the C-type lectin Mincle

Author: Eric Perouzel, Alain Vercellone, Jacques Prandi, Martine Gilleron, Sandro Silva-Gomes, David Sancho, Jérôme Nigou, Francisco J. Cueto, Gérard Tiraby, Thierry Lioux, Sophie Barbe, Alexiane Decout, Daniel Drocourt, Isabelle André, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Department, InvivoGen, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (ANRT), Nigou, Jérôme, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: mycobacteria, glycolipid, innate immunity, 0301 basic medicine, vaccin, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, Mannose, immunogenicity, Adaptive Immunity, approche pharmacologique, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, glycolipide, Cell Wall, C-type lectin, vaccine, immunogenicite, mycobactérie, Receptors, Immunologic, Multidisciplinary, Immunogenicity, Biological Sciences, 3. Good health, Process Engineering, Biochemistry, Vaccines, Subunit, Cord Factors, paroi cellulaire, Adjuvant, cytokine anti inflammatoire, vaccine adjuvants, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Biology, Mycobacterium, 03 medical and health sciences, Glycolipid, Immune system, adjuvant, Adjuvants, Immunologic, medicine, Animals, Humans, Tuberculosis, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Lectins, C-Type, Génie des procédés, Rational design, Lectin, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Mutagenesis, biology.protein, Human health and pathology, immunité, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Adresse actuelle Decout Alexiane : GLYcoDiag, Res Dept, F-45067 Orléans 2, France; The advances in subunit vaccines development have intensified the search for potent adjuvants, particularly adjuvants inducing cell-mediated immune responses. Identification of the C-type lectin Mincle as one of the receptors underlying the remarkable immunogenicity of the mycobacterial cell wall, via recognition of trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM), has opened avenues for the rational design of such molecules. Using a combination of chemical synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular dynamics simulations, and protein mutagenesis, we gained insight into the molecular bases of glycolipid recognition by Mincle. Unexpectedly, the fine structure of the fatty acids was found to play a key role in the binding of a glycolipid to the carbohydrate recognition domain of the lectin. Glucose and mannose esterified at O-6 by a synthetic alpha-ramified 32-carbon fatty acid showed agonist activity similar to that of TDM, despite their much simpler structure. Moreover, they were seen to stimulate proinflammatory cytokine production in primary human and murine cells in a Mincle-dependent fashion. Finally, they were found to induce strong Th1 and Th17 immune responses in vivo in immunization experiments in mice and conferred protection in a murine model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Here we describe the rational development of new molecules with powerful adjuvant properties.
Published: 2017

25. Cause Analysis of an Infection in Facelift Surgery Due to Mycobacterium chelonae

Author: Estelle Hau, Emmanuelle Cambau, Emmanuel Lecorche, Célia Moreau, Philipe Lanotte, Odile Milan, Agnès Petiteau, Laurent Mereghetti, Marie Decalonne, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU de Tours), Centre National de Références des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance aux Antituberculeux, Partenaires INRAE, Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Van Der Mee-Marquet, Nathalie, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours
Subjects: Facelift surgery, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Mycobacterium chelonae, Case Report, 030230 surgery, Microbiology, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cause analysis, mycobactérie, Medicine, WGS, post-surgical infection, showering, tap water, Whole genome sequencing, lcsh:R5-920, integumentary system, biology, business.industry, Microbiology and Parasitology, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, infection nosocomiale, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Human health and pathology, lcsh:Medicine (General), business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; We report a post-facelift infection due to Mycobacterium chelonae. An environmental strain recovered from the water supply network of the surgical clinic and the clinical strains were considered non-differentiable using whole genome sequencing. After the unhealed wound's exposure to M. chelonae while showering early at the clinic after surgery, a lasting exposure of the colonized wound to the warm and moist working conditions of a bakery may have been favorable to the infection's development.
Published: 2019

26. Dietary exposure to pesticide residues and associated health risks in infants and young children - Results of the French infant total diet study

Author: Renwei Hu, Paule Vasseur, Véronique Sirot, Marion Hulin, Alexandre Nougadère, Cyril Feidt, Jean-Pierre Cravedi, Julien Jean, Xavier Sarda, Richard J. Fussell, Mathilde Merlo, Jean-Charles Leblanc, Gilles Rivière, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), (ex Food and Environment Research Agency), Fera Science Limited, INOVALYS, Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments de Maisons-Alfort (LSAl), Direction de l'évaluation des produits réglementés (DEPR), The infant TDS was supported by the French Ministry for food, agriculture and fisheries, the French Ministry for health, the French Ministry for ecology and sustainable development and ANSES., and Nougadère, Alexandre
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Piperonyl butoxide, Insecticides, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], food safety, infants and young children, pesticide residues, total diet study, exposure assessment, risk characterization, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Food Contamination, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Food safety, Baby food, Dietary Exposure, chemistry.chemical_compound, Dieldrin, Humans, Pesticides, Child, Toxicologie, Captan, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, lcsh:GE1-350, Pesticide residue, business.industry, Pesticide Residues, Risk characterization, Infant, Pesticide, 3. Good health, Diet, Santé publique et épidémiologie, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Child, Preschool, Total diet study, Exposure assessment, Human health and pathology, Infants and young children, business, Lindane
Abstract: A total diet study (TDS) was undertaken to estimate the chronic dietary exposure to pesticide residues and health risks for the French infants and young children below 3 years old. As a whole, 516 pesticides and metabolites were analysed in 309 food composite samples including 219 manufactured baby foods and 90 common foods, which cover 97% of infants and young children's diet. These composite samples were prepared using 5,484 food products purchased during all seasons from 2011 to 2012 and processed as consumed. Pesticide residues were detected in 67% of the samples and quantified in 27% of the baby food samples and in 60% of the common foods. Seventy-eight different pesticides were detected and 37 of these quantified at levels ranging from 0.02 to 594 µg/kg. The most frequently detected pesticides (greater than 5% samples) were (1) the fungicides 2-phenylphenol, azoxystrobin, boscalid, captan and its metabolite tetrahydrophthalimide, carbendazim, cyprodinil, difenoconazole, dodine, imazalil, metalaxyl, tebuconazole, thiabendazole, (2) the insecticides acetamiprid, pirimiphos-methyl and thiacloprid, (3) the herbicide metribuzin and (4) the synergist piperonyl butoxide. Dietary intakes were estimated for each of the 705 individuals studied and for 431 pesticides incl. 281 with a toxicological reference value (TRV). In the lower-bound scenario, which tends to underestimate the exposure, the TRV were never exceeded. In the upper-bound scenario that overestimates exposure, the estimated intakes exceeded the TRV for dieldrin and lindane (two persistent organic pollutants) and propylene thiourea, a metabolite of propineb. For these three substances, more sensitive analyses are needed to refine the assessment. For 17 other detected and/or prioritised pesticides, the risk could not be characterised due to the lack of a valid TRV, of certain food analyses or the absence of analytical standards for their metabolites. Keywords: Food safety, Infants and young children, Pesticide residues, Total diet study, Exposure assessment, Risk characterization
Published: 2019

27. Simple Fast Quantification of Cholecalciferol, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in Adipose Tissue Using LC-HRMS/MS

Author: Jean-Charles Martin, Laurianne Bonnet, Charlène Couturier, Marielle Margier, Emmanuelle Reboul, Jean-François Landrier, Ljubica Svilar, Catherine Defoort, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Criblage biologique Marseille [Faculté de médecine de la Timone], Prémilleux, Annick, and Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, obesity, vitamin D, metabolite quantification, LC-MS/MS, adipose tissue, Metabolite, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Adipose tissue, Médecine humaine et pathologie, lcsh:TX341-641, Diet, High-Fat, 01 natural sciences, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Vitamin D and neurology, polycyclic compounds, Animals, Vitamin D, Derivatization, Mouse Adipose Tissue, Cholecalciferol, Nutrition and Dietetics, Vitamin D metabolism, Chromatography, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Mice, Inbred C57BL, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030104 developmental biology, Human health and pathology, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Chromatography, Liquid, Food Science, vitamin D metabolite quantification
Abstract: Vitamin D metabolism is actively modulated in adipose tissue during obesity. To better investigate this process, we develop a specific LC-HRMS/MS method that can simultaneously quantify three vitamin D metabolites, i.e., cholecalciferol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in a complex matrix, such as mouse adipose tissue and plasma. The method uses pretreatment with liquid&ndash, liquid or solid&ndash, phase extraction followed by derivatization using Amplifex&reg, reagents to improve metabolite stability and ionization efficiency. Here, the method is optimized by co-eluting stable isotope-labelled internal standards to calibrate each analogue and to spike biological samples. Intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations were 0.8&ndash, 6.0% and 2.0&ndash, 14.4%, respectively for the three derivatized metabolites. The limits of quantification (LoQ) achieved with Amplifex&reg, derivatization were 0.02 ng/mL, 0.19 ng/mL, and 0.78 ng/mL for 1,25(OH)2D3, 25(OH)D3 and cholecalciferol, respectively. Now, for the first time, 1,25(OH)2D3 can be co-quantified with cholecalciferol and 25(OH)D3 in mouse adipose tissue. This validated method is successfully applied to study the impact of obesity on vitamin D status in mice.
Published: 2019
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28. A Comprehensive Review of Non-Covalent Radiofluorination Approaches Using Aluminum [ 18 F]fluoride: Will [ 18 F]AlF Replace 68 Ga for Metal Chelate Labeling?

Author: Vincent Lisowski, Benjamin Guillet, Ahlem Bouhlel, Christophe Cantelli, Philippe Garrigue, Cyril Fersing, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie médicale (CERIMED), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: radiofluorination, aluminum fluoride, coordination chemistry, bifunctional chelating agent, NOTA, PET, molecular imaging, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Médecine humaine et pathologie, Pharmaceutical Science, imagerie moléculaire, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Analytical Chemistry, Coordination complex, lcsh:QD241-441, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:Organic chemistry, Drug Discovery, Chelation, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, fluorure, animal de compagnie, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, aluminium, Biomolecule, Organic Chemistry, Radiosynthesis, Combinatorial chemistry, Small molecule, MESH: POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY, GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1, IMAGING INTEGRIN ALPHA-V-BETA-3, STIMULATING-HORMONE RECEPTOR, IN-VIVO, AFFIBODY MOLECULE, F-18-ALFATIDE II, CXCR4 EXPRESSION, CONCURRENT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY, CLINICAL-APPLICATIONS, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Covalent bond, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Molecular Medicine, Human health and pathology, chimie moléculaire, Molecular imaging, Fluoride
Abstract: Due to its ideal physical properties, fluorine-18 turns out to be a key radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, for both preclinical and clinical applications. However, usual biomolecules radiofluorination procedures require the formation of covalent bonds with fluorinated prosthetic groups. This drawback makes radiofluorination impractical for routine radiolabeling, gallium-68 appearing to be much more convenient for the labeling of chelator-bearing PET probes. In response to this limitation, a recent expansion of the 18F chemical toolbox gave aluminum [18F]fluoride chemistry a real prominence since the late 2000s. This approach is based on the formation of an [18F][AlF]2+ cation, complexed with a 9-membered cyclic chelator such as NOTA, NODA or their analogs. Allowing a one-step radiofluorination in an aqueous medium, this technique combines fluorine-18 and non-covalent radiolabeling with the advantage of being very easy to implement. Since its first reports, [18F]AlF radiolabeling approach has been applied to a wide variety of potential PET imaging vectors, whether of peptidic, proteic, or small molecule structure. Most of these [18F]AlF-labeled tracers showed promising preclinical results and have reached the clinical evaluation stage for some of them. The aim of this report is to provide a comprehensive overview of [18F]AlF labeling applications through a description of the various [18F]AlF-labeled conjugates, from their radiosynthesis to their evaluation as PET imaging agents.
Published: 2019

29. High prevalence of kaolin consumption in migrant women living in a major urban area of France: A cross-sectional investigation

Author: Pascal Caillet, Véronique Carton, Edouard Marchal, Marie Grall-Bronnec, Caroline Victorri-Vigneau, Catherine Pintas, Alain Pineau, Norbert Winer, Pascale Jolliet, Maud Poirier, Department of Clinical Pharmacology [Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics [Nantes], Department of Addictology and Psychiatry [Nantes], MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch (SPHERE), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif [Nantes] (IMAD), This work was supported by the University Hospital of Nantes., Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles [UMR_A1280] (PhAN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN), Bodescot, Myriam, Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, and Caillet, Pascal
Subjects: Urban Population, Cross-sectional study, Economics, Maternal Health, Immigration, [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Social Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Logistic regression, 01 natural sciences, Geographical Locations, Families, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prevalence, Medicine, Psychology, heavy-metals, Public and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, Kaolin, Children, media_common, risk, Transients and Migrants, Multidisciplinary, pica, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hematology, anemia, Gynécologie et obstétrique, [SDV.TOX] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Chemistry, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Alimentation et Nutrition, Physical Sciences, Female, France, pregnancy, Psychosocial, Research Article, Chemical Elements, Adult, Substance-Related Disorders, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Iron, Intoxication, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Addiction, geohelminths, iron-deficiency, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, Mental Health and Psychiatry, geophagy, Food and Nutrition, Humans, Iron Deficiency Anemia, health implications, Geophagia, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Consumption (economics), business.industry, Biology and Life Sciences, Odds ratio, Gynecology and obstetrics, Confidence interval, Cross-Sectional Studies, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Age Groups, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, People and Places, Africa, Women's Health, Human health and pathology, Population Groupings, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Finance
Abstract: International audience; Geophagia is a feeding behavior involving the regular intake of soil, including clay-like kaolin. Frequent in Africa, kaolin consumption is associated with heavy metal intoxication, iron and other micronutrient deficiencies, geohelminth infection and inactivation of concomitantly taken drugs. It is expected that this practice would be imported into an asylum country during the immigration process. To confirm this hypothesis, a single center, cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Hospital of Nantes, France, whose main objective was to assess whether the prevalence of kaolin consumers was high in a migrant population living in a large French metropolitan area (the city of Nantes). Each woman consulting for the first time at the Medical and Psychosocial Gynecology Obstetric Unit during the inclusion period ranging from January 1, 2017, to July 1, 2017, was asked for consent to be included in the study. The main outcome was the proportion of positive answers regarding consumption of kaolin within the last twelve months, with its 95% confidence interval (CI). A logistic regression was performed to identify drivers of consumption, and a clustering approach was conducted to identify profiles of consumers. A total of 284 women were included in the study, of whom 110 (38.7%) were pregnant. Our main finding was a 14.1% (95% CI: 10.5-18.6) prevalence of clay consumers. Second, the characteristic most strongly associated with consumption was Central or West Africa origin (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 52.7; 95% CI: 13.7-202.2). Finally, 60% of consumers showed signs of addictive-like phenomena, and three profiles were identified, depicting a continuum of patients in regard to their control over their kaolin consumption. Our results suggest that kaolin consumption is frequent in particular subpopulations of migrants. This warrants further study of the clinical consequences of kaolin consumption and its associated addictive-like symptoms.
Published: 2019

30. Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) Exposure in Humans on Reunion Island

Author: Pablo Tortosa, Sophie Larrieu, Vanina Guernier, Hervé Pascalis, Antoine Bertolotti, Sandrine Picot, Patrick Gérardin, Laurent Filleul, Yoan Mboussou, Laura Atiana, Eric Cardinale, Florence Naze, Julien Jaubert, N. Naty, Guillaume Camuset, Rodolphe Manaquin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Geelong Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centre d'Investigation Clinique de La Réunion - INSERM (CIC 1410), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), CPER-ERDF (Contrat Programme Etat/Region and European Regional Development Fund), INSERM/IMMI, CRVOI, Gerardin, Patrick, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), CIC régional épidémiologie clinique/essais cliniques - Ile de la Réunion (CIC-EC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Cellule Interrégionale d'Epidémiologie (CIRE), Cellule Interregionale d'Epidemiologie (CIRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Virologie et Parasitologie, Service de bactériologie, parasitologie, virologie et hygiène hospitalière [La réunion], Groupe Hospitalier Sud-CHR La réunion, Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Microbiologie St Pierre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Réunion (CHU de la Réunion), and Pascalis, Hervé
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, stored frozen serum, Endocardite, serology, general population, seroepidemiologic study, Serology, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, general popula- tion, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Brief Report, Zoonosis, Coxiella burnetii, immunofluorescence, prevalence, Q fever, serosurvey, zoonosis, Épidémiologie, Santé publique et épidémiologie, Q fever endocarditis, Infectious Diseases, Oncology, Fièvre q, S50 - Santé humaine, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Spatial disparity, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Médecine humaine et pathologie, 03 medical and health sciences, Maladie de l'homme, medicine, Seroprevalence, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Santé, business.industry, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Confidence interval, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, enquête sanitaire, Human health and pathology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, business
Abstract: After the documentation of sporadic cases of Q fever endocarditis, we conducted a serosurvey to assess Coxiella burnetii exposure on Reunion Island. Two hundred forty-one stored frozen human sera were analyzed using an immunofluorescence assay. The weighted seroprevalence of Q fever was of 6.81% (95% confidence interval, 4.02%–9.59%). Despite the absence of infection in youths
Published: 2019

31. The introduction of new hosts with human trade shapes the extant distribution of Toxoplasma gondii lineages

Author: Carine Brouat, Azra Hamidović, Aurélien Mercier, Daniel Ajzenberg, Thomas Cuny, Marie-Laure Dardé, M. Diagne, Nicolas Plault, Mamoudou Diallo, Mbacké Sembène, Amedine Sarr, Aliou Sow, Lokman Galal, Fatoumata Coulibaly, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FST), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Faculty of Sciences and Technique, Department of Geology, LCPM, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique des Matériaux, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, ANR-17-CE35-0004,IntroTox,PHENOMÈNES D'INTROGRESSIONS DANS L'ÉTUDE DE LA DIVERSITÉ GÉNÉTIQUE DU TOXOPLASME ENTRE LA FRANCE ET L'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST ET CENTRALE : DES INFLUENCES HUMAINES ET ENVIRONEMENTALES(2017), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, RC955-962, Population Dynamics, médecine humaine, Population genetics, House mouse, Toxoplasma Gondii, Geographical Locations, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Genotype, Phylogeny, Animal biology, Protozoans, education.field_of_study, Geography, Virulence, Commerce, Eukaryota, Senegal, Europe, Phylogeography, Africa, Western, Infectious Diseases, Biogeography, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Toxoplasma, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Research Article, Lineage (genetic), Animal Types, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Zoology, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Biologie animale, Genetic variation, parasitic diseases, Genetics, Animals, Humans, Domestic Animals, education, Alleles, Poultry Diseases, Disease Reservoirs, Evolutionary Biology, Population Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Toxoplasma gondii, Biology and Life Sciences, Genetic Variation, sénégal, biology.organism_classification, Parasitic Protozoans, Geographic Distribution, 030104 developmental biology, Genetics, Population, Toxoplasmosis, Animal, People and Places, Africa, Earth Sciences, Human health and pathology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Chickens, Population Genetics, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan with a worldwide occurrence, but the determinants of the current pattern in the geographical distribution of T. gondii lineages and strains remain poorly understood. To test the influence of human trade on T. gondii populations, we conducted a population genetic study of 72 T. gondii animal isolates from Senegal, a West African country in which the ongoing inland progress of invasive murine hosts (introduced in port cities of Senegal since the 16th century by European sailors) is well described. Isolates were mainly collected on free-range poultry, which are considered as relevant bioindicators of T. gondii strain diversity in the domestic environment. Sampling was conducted in two port cities of Senegal (Dakar and Saint-Louis) and in one inland region (Kedougou). Population genetic analyses using 15 microsatellite markers revealed different patterns between port cities where lineages non-virulent for mice (type II, type III, and Africa 4) were predominant, and Kedougou where the mouse-virulent Africa 1 lineage was the most common. By considering the current spatial pattern in the inland progress of invasive rodents in Senegal, our results suggest that the invasive house mouse Mus musculus domesticus counter-selects the Africa 1 lineage in the invaded areas. The comparison of the microsatellite alleles of type II strains from Senegal to type II strains from other areas in Africa and Western Europe, using discriminant analysis of principal components and Network analysis, point to a mainly Western European origin of the type II lineage in Senegal. Collectively, these findings suggest that human-mediated intercontinental migrations of murine hosts are important vectors of T. gondii strains. Differential susceptibility of endemic and introduced murine hosts to various T. gondii strains probably determines the persistence of these strains in the environment, and therefore their availability for human and animal infection., Author summary Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan with a worldwide distribution and which can infects virtually all warm-blooded species, including human. Clinical expression of human toxoplasmosis, as well as T. gondii strains diversity, exhibit contrasting patterns across geographic regions. The determinants of this geographical structure are poorly understood, but a growing body of evidence supports an important role of human-mediated migrations of T. gondii hosts in the intercontinental dissemination of some parasite lineages. The results of our study conducted in Senegal suggest that the invasive house mouse—which was introduced in the port cities of this country through maritime trade since colonial times—has a dramatic influence on the T. gondii populations of invaded areas. This important T. gondii reservoir seems to be a vector for the intercontinental migrations of T. gondii. In addition, it may have a role in the selection (or the counter-selection) of local T. gondii populations found in invaded areas. This study provides insights into the mechanisms shaping T. gondii populations, thereby determining which strains will be available for human and animal infection.
Published: 2019

32. Neonatal growth velocity of preterm infants: The weight Z-score change versus Patel exponential model

Author: Anne Frondas-Chauty, Matthieu Hanf, Simon Nusinovici, Dominique Darmaun, Géraldine Gascoin, Cyril Flamant, Laure Simon, Jean-Christophe Rozé, Valérie Rouger, Department of Neonatal Medicine [Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Épidémiologie Clinique [Nantes], Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Nantes] (CIC004), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Nantes (CIC Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles [UMR_A1280] (PhAN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN), Réseau Grandir Ensemble [Nantes], Department of Neonatal Medicine [Angers], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Simon, Laure, and Bodescot, Myriam
Subjects: Male, Physiology, Maternal Health, population, Blood Pressure, Weight Gain, Vascular Medicine, methods, children, Families, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, Pregnancy, Medicine and Health Sciences, Birth Weight, 030212 general & internal medicine, Growth Charts, Children, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Obstetrics, Statistics, Gestational age, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regression analysis, Hospitals, Exponential function, Hospitalization, Physiological Parameters, Alimentation et Nutrition, Physical Sciences, Hypertension, Medicine, Regression Analysis, Female, medicine.symptom, Infants, Infant, Premature, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Birth weight, Science, Population, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Gestational Age, Standard score, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy, 030225 pediatrics, Linear regression, medicine, Food and Nutrition, Humans, Statistical Methods, education, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, business.industry, Body Weight, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Biology and Life Sciences, Neonates, Health Care, Age Groups, Health Care Facilities, People and Places, Women's Health, Human health and pathology, Population Groupings, business, Weight gain, Mathematics, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Different methods are used to assess the growth of preterm infants during neonatal hospital stay. The primary objective was to compare two methods for assessing growth velocity: g/kg/d according to the Patel exponential model (EM) and change in weight z-score (ZS) according to Fenton curves. The secondary objective was to highlight factors influencing the level of agreement between the two methods.METHODS: Preterm infants born before 33 weeks were included. Growth velocity was computed by EM and ZS methods and linear regression was used to predict what growth velocity by EM method would be obtained using the ZS method. Differences between EM growth velocity and EM growth velocity predicted by ZS method were then used to assess the level of agreement between the two methods. A difference between -2 and +2 g/kg/day was considered as fair agreement, greater than ± 4 g/kg/day as poor agreement, and as disagreement otherwise.RESULTS: Among the 3954 children included, we observe a fair agreement in 2471 children (62.5%), a poor agreement in 1278 (32.3%) and a disagreement in 205 children (5.2%). Birth weight and gestational age explained 31% and 25%, respectively, of the variance in the difference between the two methods.CONCLUSIONS: In more than a third of enrolled children, the two methods for measuring growth velocity disagreed substantially. As variation of weight Z-score takes into account infant gestational age and gender, it could be more suitable to analyze a population of preterm infants with a wide range of gestational age.
Published: 2019

33. Reduced Lipoprotein(a) Associated With the Apolipoprotein E2 Genotype Confers Cardiovascular Protection in Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Author: Dirk J. Blom, Mikaël Croyal, Ilya Khantalin, Stéphane Ramin-Mangata, Kévin Chemello, Valentin Blanchard, Brice Nativel, A. David Marais, Gilles Lambert, Nutrition périnatale [Nantes] (Centres de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine - CRNH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine - Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité (GEICO), Université de La Réunion (UR), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Lambert, Gilles, and University of Cape Town
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Apolipoprotein E, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Médecine humaine et pathologie, Familial hypercholesterolemia, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, LETTER, Internal medicine, medicine, Food and Nutrition, Receptor, biology, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Lipoprotein(a), medicine.disease, LRP1, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, LDL receptor, Alimentation et Nutrition, biology.protein, Human health and pathology, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Apolipoprotein E2, Lipoprotein
Abstract: International audience; There are 3 isoforms of apolipoprotein E (apo E) in humans (ε2, ε3, and ε4). They differ by single amino acid substitutions that variably affect their affinity for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and for the LDLR-related protein (LRP1), with ε2 having the weakest binding to these receptors (1). The plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], a highly atherogenic LDL-like lipoprotein species, are influenced by the polymorphism of apo E, with ε2/ε2 and ε4/ε4 carriers presenting with the lowest and highest Lp(a) plasma concentrations, respectively (1).
Published: 2019

34. Retinal Vascular Density as A Novel Biomarker of Acute Renal Injury after Acute Coronary Syndrome

Author: Guillaume Alan, Maud Maza, Alain M. Bron, A. Azemar, Florence Bichat, Louis Arnould, Marianne Zeller, Pierre-Henri Gabrielle, Catherine Creuzot-Garcher, Stéphane Pitois, Charles Guenancia, Yves Cottin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ProdInra, Migration, and Guenancia, Charles
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Organes des sens, Computed Tomography Angiography, Contrast Media, Coronary Angiography, Kidney, 0302 clinical medicine, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, 80 and over, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Multidisciplinary, Acute kidney injury, Acute Kidney Injury, Middle Aged, Intensive Care Units, [SDV.MHEP.OS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, Predictive value of tests, Alimentation et Nutrition, Cardiology, Medicine, Biomarker (medicine), Female, Interventional cardiology, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Acute coronary syndrome, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Sensory Organs, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Predictive markers, Risk Assessment, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, medicine, Food and Nutrition, Humans, Acute Coronary Syndrome, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, Aged, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Retinal Vessels, medicine.disease, Peptide Fragments, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030104 developmental biology, Microvessels, Coronary care unit, Feasibility Studies, Human health and pathology, business, Complication, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Biomarkers, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Kidney disease
Abstract: Iodinated contrast agent (ICA)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a frequent complication, which may lead to chronic kidney disease and increased mortality. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) of the retina is new tool delivering a rapid and noninvasive assessment of systemic microvascularization, which is potentially involved in the occurrence of ICA-induced AKI. Between October 2016 and March 2017, 452 ACS patients were admitted to our cardiac intensive care unit. OCT-A was performed within 48 h after the ICA injection. Patients with a history of retinal disease were excluded. The patients included were divided into two groups depending on whether or not AKI occurred after injection of ICA, according to KDIGO criteria. Of the 216 patients included, 21 (10%) presented AKI. AKI was significantly associated with age, Mehran score, GRACE score, and NT-proBNP. AKI patients had significantly lower retinal vascular density (RVD)) and had more frequent low RVD (81% vs 45%, P = 0.002). Adding low RVD to the Mehran score and the NT-proBNP, or to the GRACE score and the NT-proBNP, significantly improved their predictive values, suggesting that systemic microvascular involvement remains incompletely addressed by either standard risk scores or factors known to be associated with ICA-induced AKI.
Published: 2019

35. Alteration of erythrocyte membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids in preterm newborns with retinopathy of prematurity

Author: Stéphane Grégoire, Niyazi Acar, Denis S. Semama, Julie Mazzocco, Ninon Ternoy, Charlotte Pallot, Cyril Meillon, Lionel Bretillon, Catherine Creuzot-Garcher, Corinne Chantegret, Alain M. Bron, Delphine Martin, Aurélie Donier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), This work has been funded by the Regional Council of Burgundy France (PARI Agral 1), FEDER (European Funding for Regional Economical Development), Association Nationale Recherche Technologie, Fondation de France/Fondation de l’Oeil, Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-11-LABEX-0021]., and Acar, Niyazi
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Organes des sens, prémature, lcsh:Medicine, fatty acids, retinopathy of prematury, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Prospective Studies, lcsh:Science, Prospective cohort study, chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, Gestational age, Retinopathy of prematurity, 3. Good health, Docosahexaenoic acid, In utero, Alimentation et Nutrition, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Arachidonic acid, Animal studies, Infant, Premature, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, medicine.medical_specialty, rétine, Sensory Organs, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Gestational Age, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Fatty Acids, Omega-6, Internal medicine, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, medicine, Food and Nutrition, Humans, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, Fatty acids, acide gras oméga 6, business.industry, lcsh:R, Erythrocyte Membrane, Infant, Newborn, acide gras oméga 3, medicine.disease, eye diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, lcsh:Q, Human health and pathology, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Extremely preterm infants are at high risk for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a potentially blinding disease characterized by abnormalities in retinal vascularization. Whereas animal studies revealed that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be of benefit in preventing ROP, human studies conducted on preterm infants during the 1st weeks of life showed no association between blood n-3 PUFA bioavailability and ROP incidence and/or severity, probably because of the influence of nutrition on the lipid status of infants. In the OmegaROP prospective cohort study, we characterized the erythrocyte concentrations of PUFAs in preterm infants aged less than 29 weeks gestational age (GA) without any nutritional influence. We show that GA is positively associated with the erythrocyte n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio, and particularly with the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in infants with ROP. A time-dependent accumulation of AA at the expense of DHA seems to occur in utero in erythrocytes of preterm infants who will develop ROP, thus reinforcing previous data on the beneficial properties of DHA on this disease. In addition, preliminary data on maternal erythrocyte membrane lipid concentrations suggest modifications in placental transfer of fatty acids. Documenting the erythrocyte AA to DHA ratio at birth in larger cohorts might be useful to set up new prognostic factors for ROP.
Published: 2019

36. Vitreomacular Interface Abnormalities and Glaucoma in an Elderly Population (The MONTRACHET Study)

Author: Alassane Seydou, Catherine Creuzot-Garcher, Alain M. Bron, Cyril Meillon, Julie Blanc, Inès Ben Ghezala, Christine Binquet, Clémence Deschasse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Supported by an interregional grant titled 'Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique' and the regional Council of Burgundy., ProdInra, Migration, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Multivariate analysis, Organes des sens, genetic structures, Visual Acuity, Glaucoma, Comorbidity, 0302 clinical medicine, Nerve Fibers, domaine spectral, Prospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Univariate analysis, education.field_of_study, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, tomographie, 3. Good health, [SDV.MHEP.OS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, population-based study, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, Optic nerve, Female, France, Tomography, Optical Coherence, medicine.medical_specialty, Sensory Organs, Population, Médecine humaine et pathologie, glaucoma, vitreomacular interface, 03 medical and health sciences, Retinal Diseases, Ophthalmology, Elderly population, medicine, Humans, donnée optique, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, étude de population, education, Intraocular Pressure, Aged, business.industry, medicine.disease, Neurovascular bundle, eye diseases, glaucome, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Maculopathy, Human health and pathology, sense organs, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: International audience; Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of vitreomacular interface abnormalities (VMIAs) in a French elderly glaucomatous population. Methods: Using a population-based study, the MONTRACHET (Maculopathy Optic Nerve nuTRition neurovAsCular and HEarT diseases) study conducted in Dijon from 2009 to 2013 in individuals older than 75 years, the prevalence of VMIAs was estimated on glaucoma patients. Results: A total of 1130 participants (2225 eyes) were included in the study. The mean age of participants was 82.3 +/- 3.8 years, and 62.74% were women. Regarding the frequency of all VMIAs, there was no statistical difference between glaucoma patients and nonglaucoma participants (51.85% vs. 53.92%, respectively, P = 0.372). In univariate analysis, vitreomacular adherences were more frequent in nonglaucoma participants (18.39% vs. 10.78%, P = 0.036). Epiretinal membranes were more frequent in the glaucomatous population (47.06% vs. 38.13%, P = 0.018). The prevalence of macular cysts was comparable in the two groups (7.84% vs. 5.64%, P = 0.262). Macular cysts were more frequent in eyes treated with preservative-free, IOP-lowering eye drops when compared with the eyes of nonglaucomatous participants treated with IOP-lowering eye drops containing a preservative (26.67% vs. 3.37% and 5.76%, respectively, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, these results were no longer significant. Conclusions: The prevalence of VMIAs was high in this elderly population and similar in both glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous participants. The information provided by macular optical coherence tomography scans should be considered with caution when used for glaucoma management in elderly patients.
Published: 2019

37. phiD12-Like Livestock-Associated Prophages Are Associated With Novel Subpopulations of Streptococcus agalactiae Infecting Neonates

Author: Adélaïde Renard, Laurie Barbera, Luka Courtier-Martinez, Sandra Dos Santos, Anne-Sophie Valentin, Laurent Mereghetti, Roland Quentin, Nathalie L. van der Mee-Marquet, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU de Tours), Van Der Mee-Marquet, Nathalie L., and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), prophage, enfant en bas âge, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, lcsh:QR1-502, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Virulence, adaptation, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, phiD12-like prophage, Streptococcus agalactiae, neonates, infection, lysogeny, virulence, 03 medical and health sciences, Lysogenic cycle, medicine, lysogénie, Prophage, Streptococcus, Microbiology and Parasitology, infection bactérienne, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, 3. Good health, facteur de virulence, Neonatal infection, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Human health and pathology, Host adaptation, Mobile genetic elements, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of invasive disease in neonates worldwide. Monitoring data have revealed a continuing trend toward an increase in neonatal GBS infections, despite the introduction of preventive measures. We investigated this trend, by performing the first ever characterization of the prophage content for 106 GBS strains causing neonatal infections between 2002 and 2018. We determined whether the genome of each strain harbored prophages, and identified the insertion site of each of the prophages identified. We found that 71.7% of the strains carried at least one prophage, and that prophages genetically similar to livestock-associated phiD12, carrying genes potentially involved in GBS pathogenesis (e.g., genes encoding putative virulence factors and factors involved in biofilm formation, bacterial persistence, or adaptation to challenging environments) predominated. The phiD12-like prophages were (1) associated with CC17 and 1 strains (p = 0.002), (2) more frequent among strains recovered during the 2011–2018 period than among those from 2002–2010 (p < 0.001), and (3) located at two major insertion sites close to bacterial genes involved in host adaptation and colonization. Our data provide evidence for a recent increase in lysogeny in GBS, characterized by the acquisition, within the genome, of genetic features typical of animal-associated mobile genetic elements by GBS strains causing neonatal infection. We suggest that lysogeny and phiD12-like prophage genetic elements may have conferred an advantage on GBS strains for adaptation to or colonization of the maternal vaginal tract, or for pathogenicity, and that these factors are currently playing a key role in the increasing ability of GBS strains to infect neonates.
Published: 2019

38. Validation of intracardiac shunt using thoracic bioimpedance and inert gas rebreathing in adults before and after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect in a cardiology research unit: study protocol

Author: Bruno Pereira, Jean-René Lusson, Frédéric Costes, Aurélie Chalard, Romain Trésorier, Hélène Perrault, Laura Filaire, Ruddy Richard, Claire Dauphin, Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, Centre Jean Perrin [Clermont-Ferrand] (UNICANCER/CJP), UNICANCER-UNICANCER, Cardiology and Vascular Department, CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Respiratory and Epidemiology Clinical Research Unit, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC)-McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC), MCGill University Health Centre, Biostatistiques, Danone Research, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), médecine du sport et explorations fonctionnelles, Centre Jean Perrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel Montpied, University of Ottawa [Ottawa] (uOttawa), Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and Richard, Ruddy
Subjects: atrial septal defect (ASD), cardiac output, inert gas rebreathing, shunt quantification, thoracic bioimpedance, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac output, Percutaneous, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Cardiologie et système cardiovasculaire, Doppler echocardiography, Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiography, Impedance, Noble Gases, Intracardiac injection, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Oxygen Consumption, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Internal medicine, Protocol, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Independent research, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Medicine, Echocardiography, Doppler, 3. Good health, Clinical trial, Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Treatment Outcome, Breath Tests, Cardiology, Human health and pathology, Inert gas rebreathing, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Shunt (electrical), [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: IntroductionIntrathoracic shunt quantification is a major factor for appropriate clinical management of heart and pulmonary diseases. Intracardiac shunts quantified by pulmonary to systemic output ratio (Qp/Qs) are generally assessed by Doppler echocardiography, MRI or catheterisation. Recently, some authors have suggested the concomitant use of thoracic bioimpedance (TB) and inert gas rebreathing (IGR) techniques for shunt quantification. The purpose of this study is to validate the use of this approach under conditions where shunt fraction is directly quantified such as in patients with isolated atrial septal defect (ASD).Methods and analysisThis trial is a prospective, observational single-centre, non-blinded study of adults seen for percutaneous closure of ASD. Qp/Qs ratio will be directly measured by Doppler echocardiography and direct Fick. IGR and TB will be used simultaneously to measure the cardiac output before and after closure: the ratio of outputs measured by IGR and TB reflecting the shunt fraction. The primary outcome will be the comparison of shunt values measured by TB-IGR and Doppler echocardiography.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by an independent Research Ethics Committee (2017-A03149-44 Fr) and registered as an official clinical trial. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT03437148; Pre-results.
Published: 2019

39. CD146 deficiency promotes plaque formation in a mouse model of atherosclerosis by enhancing RANTES secretion and leukocyte recruitment

Author: Marcel Blot-Chabaud, Aurélie S. Leroyer, Stéphane Robert, Michel Aurrand-Lions, Karima Moussouni, Alexandrine Foucault-Bertaud, Richard Bachelier, Benjamin Guillet, Muriel G. Blin, Nathalie Bardin, Samantha Fernandez, Françoise Dignat-George, Karim Fallague, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie médicale (CERIMED), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Vascular research center of Marseille (VRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Langage, LAngues et Cultures d'Afrique Noire (LLACAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leroyer, Aurelie, and BERNARD, Stéphanie
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Apolipoprotein E, Mice, Knockout, ApoE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Chemokine CCL5, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, CD146, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, réponse inflammatoire, medicine.medical_specialty, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Peritonitis, Inflammation, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, macrophage, CD146 Antigen, 03 medical and health sciences, Peritoneal cavity, Downregulation and upregulation, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, leucocyte, Molecular Biology, cavite peritoneale, business.industry, Macrophages, athérosclérose, système vasculaire, molécule d'adhésion, Atherosclerosis, medicine.disease, Neutrophilia, 030104 developmental biology, Atheroma, Endocrinology, Human health and pathology, protéine rantes, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Aims: The progression of atherosclerosis is based on the continued recruitment of leukocytes in the vessel wall. The previously described role of CD146 in leukocyte infiltration suggests an involvement for this adhesion molecule in the inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the role of CD146 in leukocyte recruitment by using an experimental model of atherogenesis.Methods and results: The role of CD146 was explored in atherosclerosis by crossing CD146-/- mice with ApoE-/- mice. CD146 -/-/ApoE -/- and ApoE -/- mice were fed a Western diet for 24 weeks and were monitored for aortic wall thickness using high frequency ultrasound. The arterial wall was significantly thicker in CD146-deficient mice. After 24 weeks of Western diet, a significant increase of atheroma in both total aortic lesion and aortic sinus of CD146-null mice was observed. In addition, atherosclerotic lesions were more inflammatory since plaques from CD146-deficient mice contained more neutrophils and macrophages. This was due to up-regulation of RANTES secretion by macrophages in CD146-deficient atherosclerotic arteries. This prompted us to further address the function of CD146 in leukocyte recruitment during acute inflammation by using a second experimental model of peritonitis induced by thioglycollate. Neutrophil recruitment was significantly increased in CD146-deficient mice 12 h after peritonitis induction and associated with higher RANTES levels in the peritoneal cavity. In CD146-null macrophages, we also showed that increased RANTES production was dependent on constitutive inhibition of the p38-MAPK signaling pathway. Finally, Maraviroc, a RANTES receptor antagonist, was able to reduce atherosclerotic lesions and neutrophilia in CD146-deficient mice to the same level as that found in ApoE -/- mice.Conclusions: Our data indicate that CD146 deficiency is associated with the upregulation of RANTES production and increased inflammation of atheroma, which could influence the atherosclerotic plaque fate. Thus, these data identify CD146 agonists as potential new therapeutic candidates for atherosclerosis treatment.
Published: 2019

40. Mental Workload Alters Heart Rate Variability, Lowering Non-linear Dynamics

Author: Stéphane Delliaux, Alexis Delaforge, Jean-Claude Deharo, Guillaume Chaumet, Prémilleux, Annick, INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE - - Amidex2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, Dysoxie, suractivité : aspects cellulaires et intégratifs thérapeutiques (DS-ACI / UMR MD2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Service de cardiologie [Hôpital Nord - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM], Service de Médecine et Santé au Travail [AP-HM Hôpital de La Timone], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Département de Cardiologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), AltraBio [Lyon], 'Investissements d'Avenir' program of the French Government, ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02, ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), and Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Médecine humaine et pathologie, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Baroreflex, arrhythmia, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, lcsh:Physiology, Correlation, mental workload, heart rate variability, non-linear dynamics, correlation dimension, cardiovascular function, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, modèle non linéaire, Heart rate, Medicine, Heart rate variability, analyse de corrélation, Original Research, arythmie, lcsh:QP1-981, business.industry, Workload, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Autonomic nervous system, Blood pressure, Cardiology, Human health and pathology, rythme cardiaque, fonction cardiovasculaire, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Mental workload is known to alter cardiovascular function leading to increased cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, there is no clear autonomic nervous system unbalance to be quantified during mental stress. We aimed to characterize the mental workload impact on the cardiovascular function with a focus on heart rate variability (HRV) non-linear indexes. A 1-h computerized switching task (letter recognition) was performed by 24 subjects while monitoring their performance (accuracy, response time), electrocardiogram and blood pressure waveform (finger volume clamp method). The HRV was evaluated from the beat-to-beat RR intervals (RRI) in time-, frequency-, and informational-domains, before (Control) and during the task. The task induced a significant mental workload (visual analog scale of fatigue from 27 ± 26 to 50 ± 31 mm, p < 0.001, and NASA-TLX score of 56 ± 17). The heart rate, blood pressure and baroreflex function were unchanged, whereas most of the HRV parameters markedly decreased. The maximum decrease occurred during the first 15 min of the task (P1), before starting to return to the baseline values reached at the end of the task (P4). The RRI dimension correlation (D2) decrease was the most significant (P1 vs. Control: 1.42 ± 0.85 vs. 2.21 ± 0.8, p < 0.001) and only D2 lasted until the task ended (P4 vs. Control: 1.96 ± 0.9 vs. 2.21 ± 0.9, p < 0.05). D2 was identified as the most robust cardiovascular variable impacted by the mental workload as determined by posterior predictive simulations (p = 0.9). The Spearman correlation matrix highlighted that D2 could be a marker of the generated frustration (R =-0.61, p < 0.01) induced by a mental task, as well as the myocardial oxygen consumption changes assessed by the double product (R =-0.53, p < 0.05). In conclusion, we showed that mental workload sharply lowered the non-linear RRI dynamics, particularly the RRI correlation dimension.
Published: 2019

41. Letter to the editor: clarifying some aspects and the terminology of individualized human milk fortification

Author: Jean-Charles Picaud, Clair-Yves Boquien, Caroline King, Paola Tonetto, Sertac Arslanoglu, Barbara Królak-Olejnik, Delphine Lamireau, Working Group on Human Milk Fortification [Milan, Italie], European Milk Bank Association [Milan, Italie] (EMBA), Division of Neonatology [Istanbul, Turquie], Department of Pediatrics [Istanbul, Turquie], Istanbul Medeniyet University [Istanbul, Turquie] (IMU)-Istanbul Medeniyet University [Istanbul, Turquie] (IMU), Department of Nutrition & Dietetics [Londres, Royaume-Uni], Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust [Londres, Royaume-Uni], Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Lactariums de Bordeaux-Marmande [Bordeaux], Pôle pédiatrique [Bordeaux], CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux]-CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux], Neonatal Unit [Turin, Italie], University of Turin, Division of Neonatology [Wrocław, Pologne], Wroclaw Medical University [Wrocław, Pologne], Division of Neonatology [Lyon], Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles [UMR_A1280] (PhAN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Bodescot, Myriam, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Wrocław Medical University, Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Arslanoglu, Sertac
Subjects: Adjustable fortification, Blood urea nitrogen, Enteral nutrition, Human milk fortification, Individualized fortification, Preterm infant feeding, Preterm infants, Targeted fortification, Supplementation, Enteral feeding, Terminology, Plasma, 0302 clinical medicine, fluids and secretions, Pregnancy, Very low birth weight infant, Medicine, Birth Weight, Urea, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:RJ1-570, food and beverages, Protein intake, Urea concentration, Alimentation et Nutrition, Food, Fortified, Female, Research Article, Letter to the editor, Fortification, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Protein supply, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, 030225 pediatrics, Environmental health, Food and Nutrition, Humans, Nutrition, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Milk, Human, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, lcsh:Pediatrics, Infant, premature, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Human health and pathology, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: Background Feeding breast milk is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality, as well as improved neurodevelopmental outcome but does not meet the high nutritional requirements of preterm infants. Both plasma and urinary urea concentrations represent amino acid oxidation and low concentrations may indicate insufficient protein supply. This study assesses the effect of different levels of enteral protein on plasma and urinary urea concentrations and determines if the urinary urea-creatinine ratio provides reliable information about the protein status of preterm infants. Methods Sixty preterm infants (birthweight
Published: 2019

42. Repair of myocardial infarction with human adult muscle-derived stem cells 'MuStem'

Author: RANNOU, Alice, Toumaniantz, Gilles, Larcher, Thibaut, Leroux, Isabelle, Ledevin, Mireille, Hivonnait, A, Menoret, S., Anegon, Ignacio, Charpentier, F., Rouger, Karl, GUEVEL, Laetitia, Développement et Pathologie du Tissu Musculaire (DPTM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Nantes (UN), UMR 1064/facility TRIP/UMRS3556, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux (PAnTher), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)
Subjects: cœur, education, ischémie, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Human health and pathology, thérapie cellulaire, rat, cardiovascular diseases, ischemia, heart, cell therapy, health care economics and organizations, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Repair of myocardial infarction with human adult muscle-derived stem cells “MuStem”. Congrès du GRRC (Groupe de Reflexion sur la Recherche Cardiovasculaire)
Published: 2019

43. Muscle wasting in patients with end‐stage renal disease or early‐stage lung cancer: common mechanisms at work

Author: Stéphane Boisgard, Cécile Polge, Carole Philipponnet, Lydie Combaret, Julien Aniort, E. Rosset, Daniel Béchet, Odile Burlet-Schiltz, Anne-Elisabeth Heng, Alexandre Stella, A. Poyet, Daniel Taillandier, Didier Attaix, Agnès Claustre, Marc Filaire, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de nutrition cellulaire et moléculaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand - Clermont Auvergne (ICCF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Chirurgie vasculaire, Unité de nutrition et métabolisme protéique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service d’Orthopédie Traumatologie [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aniort, Julien, Stella, Alexandre, Philipponnet, Carole, Poyet, Anaïs, Polge, Cécile, Claustre, Agnes, Combaret, Lydie, Béchet, Daniel, Attaix, Didier, Boisgard, Stéphane, Rosset, Eugenio, Burlet-Schiltz, Odile, Heng, Anne-Elisabeth, and Taillandier, Daniel
Subjects: Male, Proteomics, 0301 basic medicine, lcsh:Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Lung Neoplasms, Cytoskeleton organization, Biopsy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Skeletal muscle, Physiology, 0302 clinical medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Wasting, Geriatry and gerontology, Cancer, lcsh:Human anatomy, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Muscular Atrophy, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Original Article, medicine.symptom, Signal Transduction, Muscle contraction, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Renal failure, Frailty syndrome, Proteasome, Autophagy, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Hemolysis, lcsh:QM1-695, End stage renal disease, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Physiology (medical), medicine, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Lung cancer, Aged, business.industry, Computational Biology, Original Articles, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Proteolysis, Gériatrie et gérontologie, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Human health and pathology, lcsh:RC925-935, Energy Metabolism, business, Biomarkers, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Background Loss of muscle mass worsens many diseases such as cancer and renal failure, contributes to the frailty syndrome , and is associated with an increased risk of death. Studies conducted on animal models have revealed the preponderant role of muscle proteolysis and in particular the activation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Studies conducted in humans remain scarce, especially within renal deficiency. Whether a shared atrophying programme exists independently of the nature of the disease remains to be established. The aim of this work was to identify common modifications at the transcriptomic level or the proteomic level in atrophying skeletal muscles from cancer and renal failure patients. Methods Muscle biopsies were performed during scheduled interventions in early-stage (no treatment and no detectable muscle loss) lung cancer (LC), chronic haemodialysis (HD), or healthy (CT) patients (n = 7 per group; 86% male; 69.6 ± 11.4, 67.9 ± 8.6, and 70.2 ± 7.9 years P > 0.9 for the CT, LC, and HD groups, respectively). Gene expression of members of the UPS, autophagy, and apoptotic systems was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. A global analysis of the soluble muscle proteome was conducted by shotgun proteomics for investigating the processes altered. Results We found an increased expression of several UPS and autophagy-related enzymes in both LC and HD patients. The E3 ligases MuRF1 (+56 to 78%, P < 0.01), MAFbx (+68 to 84%, P = 0.02), Hdm2 (+37 to 59%, P = 0.02), and MUSA1/Fbxo30 (+47 to 106%, P = 0.01) and the autophagy-related genes CTPL (+33 to 47%, P = 0.03) and SQSTM1 (+47 to 137%, P < 0.01) were overexpressed. Mass spectrometry identified >1700 proteins, and principal component analysis revealed three differential proteomes that matched to the three groups of patients. Orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis created a model, which distinguished the muscles of diseased patients (LC or HD) from those of CT subjects. Proteins that most contributed to the model were selected. Functional analysis revealed up to 238 proteins belonging to nine metabolic processes (inflammatory response, proteolysis, cytoskeleton organization, glucose metabolism, muscle contraction, oxidant detoxifica-tion, energy metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and extracellular matrix) involved in and/or altered by the atrophying programme in both LC and HD patients. This was confirmed by a co-expression network analysis. Conclusions We were able to identify highly similar modifications of several metabolic pathways in patients exhibiting diseases with different aetiologies (early-stage LC vs. long-term renal failure). This strongly suggests that a common atrophying programme exists independently of the disease in human.
Published: 2019

44. Satellite cells fail to contribute to muscle repair but are functional in Pompe disease (glycogenosis type II)

Author: Salwa Soussi, Carine Ciron, Thibaut Larcher, Lydie Lagalice, Johan Deniaud, Sylvie Durand, Isabelle Leroux, Karl Rouger, Francesca Franzoso, Laurence Dubreil, Julien Pichon, Marie-Anne Colle, Eliot Gougeon, Mireille Ledevin, Virginie Maurier, Développement et Pathologie du Tissu Musculaire (DPTM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux (PAnTher), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell, Skeletal muscle, lcsh:RC346-429, Dystrophin, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Muscle regeneration, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, satellite cell, Myocyte, Longitudinal Studies, Glycogen, Glycogen Storage Disease Type II, Glycogen overload, Age Factors, Pompe disease, Lysosome, Pathophysiology, Cell biology, maladie de Pompe, medicine.anatomical_structure, Collagen, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, GAA KO 6neo/6neo mice, Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle, education, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Mice, Transgenic, Cardiotoxins, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Satellite cell, Splitting, In vivo, cellule satellite, Autophagy, medicine, Animals, Humans, Regeneration, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Muscle, Skeletal, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, business.industry, Research, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, Ki-67 Antigen, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, chemistry, Human health and pathology, Laminin, Neurology (clinical), Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase, Lysosomes, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Pompe disease, which is due to acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency, is characterized by skeletal muscle dysfunction attributed to the accumulation of glycogen-filled lysosomes and autophagic buildup. Despite the extensive tissue damages, a failure of satellite cell (SC) activation and lack of muscle regeneration have been reported in patients. However, the origin of this defective program is unknown. Additionally, whether these deficits occur gradually over the disease course is unclear. Using a longitudinal pathophysiological study of two muscles in a Pompe mouse model, here, we report that the enzymatic defect results in a premature saturating glycogen overload and a high number of enlarged lysosomes. The muscles gradually display profound remodeling as the number of autophagic vesicles, centronucleated fibers, and split fibers increases and larger fibers are lost. Only a few regenerated fibers were observed regardless of age, although the SC pool was preserved. Except for the early age, during which higher numbers of activated SCs and myoblasts were observed, no myogenic commitment was observed in response to the damage. Following in vivo injury, we established that muscle retains regenerative potential, demonstrating that the failure of SC participation in repair is related to an activation signal defect. Altogether, our findings provide new insight into the pathophysiology of Pompe disease and highlight that the activation signal defect of SCs compromises muscle repair, which could be related to the abnormal energetic supply following autophagic flux impairment.
Published: 2019

45. Real-world outcomes of observation and treatment in diabetic macular edema with very good visual acuity: the OBTAIN study

Author: Jay Chhablani, Jan Darius Unterlauft, Zafer Cebeci, Dinah Zur, Matias Iglicki, Inês Laíns, Mali Okada, Anna Sala-Puigdollers, Catharina Busch, Anat Loewenstein, Voraporn Chaikitmongkol, Ana Rita Santos, Marco Lupidi, Paradee Kunavisarut, Patricio J. Rodríguez-Valdés, Matus Rehak, Samantha Fraser-Bell, Adrian T. Fung, Pierre-Henry Gabrielle, Assaf Hilely, Małgorzata Ozimek, Ermete Giancipoli, Laboratoire LTEE, University of Sydney, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tecnológico de Monterrey (ITESM), Istanbul University, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Westmead Hospital [Sydney], Macquarie University, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Università degli Studi di Sassari, Chiang Mai University (CMU), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Universidade de Coimbra, Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Partenaires INRAE, Medical University in Lublin, National University of Central Buenos Aires, Retina Australia, Retina Pigmentosa ASBL, Retina Brazil, The Foundation Fighting Blindness, Retina Ry / Retina Finland, Association RETINA France, PRO RETINA Deutschland e. V., Hellenic Retina Society, Hong Kong, For Our Sight Foundation, Blindrafélagið, Icelandic Association of the visually impaired (BIAVI) (Retina Iceland), Blindrafelagid – Retina Iceland, Fighting Blindness, Certo Clav, Retina Itialia, Japanese Retinitis Pigmentosa Society, Patientengroep Retina, Retina New Zealand Inc., Retinitis Pigmentosa Foreningen i Norge, Pakistan Foundation Fighting Blindness, ARP (Portuguese Association of RP), Retina South Africa, Svenska RP-Föreningen, RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA TAIPEI, RP Fighting Blindness, Foundation Fighting Blindness, Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, and Busch, Catharina
Subjects: Male, Visual acuity, genetic structures, patient diabétique, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Visual Acuity, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Observation, oedème maculaire, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Good visual acuity, Diabetic macular edema, acuité visuelle, Real world outcomes, General Medicine, Middle Aged, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Prognosis, Bevacizumab, Treatment Outcome, Intravitreal Injections, Endocrinologie et métabolisme, Female, Original Article, medicine.symptom, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, Vision Disorders, Médecine humaine et pathologie, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Macular Edema, 03 medical and health sciences, Macular laser, Ophthalmology, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Anti-VEGF therapy, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Endocrinology and metabolism, Diabetic Retinopathy, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, Intravitreal therapy, medicine.disease, eye diseases, laser, Human health and pathology, sense organs, Subretinal fluid, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, thérapie
Abstract: Aims To describe and compare the functional and anatomical outcomes of untreated and treated diabetic macular edema (DME) in eyes with very good baseline visual acuity (VA) in a real-world setting. Methods A 12-month, retrospective, multicenter, observational cohort study, including DME patients with baseline visual acuity (VA) ≤ 0.1 logMAR (≥ 20/25 Snellen) and central subfield thickness (CST) > 250 µm with intra- and/or subretinal fluid seen on optical coherence tomography. Results A total of 249 eyes were included, of which 155 were treated and 94 were non-treated during follow-up. Most eyes maintained vision (VA gain or VA loss
Published: 2019

46. Fortification of Human Milk for Preterm Infants: Update and Recommendations of the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) Working Group on Human Milk Fortification

Author: Sertac Arslanoglu, Clair-Yves Boquien, Caroline King, Delphine Lamireau, Paola Tonetto, Debbie Barnett, Enrico Bertino, Antoni Gaya, Corinna Gebauer, Anne Grovslien, Guido E. Moro, Gillian Weaver, Aleksandra Maria Wesolowska, Jean-Charles Picaud, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Partenaires INRAE, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Neonatal Unit, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Fundació Banc Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears, Abteilung Neonatologie Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Associazione Italiana delle Banche del Latte Umano Donato, BBSRC Rothamsted Research, University of Warsaw (UW), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN), Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ProdInra, Migration, and Arslanoglu, Sertac
Subjects: Adjustable fortification, Growth, Human milk, Individualized fortification, Nutrition, Prematurity, Protein, Post discharge, growth, Fortification, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Review, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Health benefits, Breast milk, Health outcomes, Pediatrics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Intensive care, Environmental health, medicine, Food and Nutrition, adjustable fortification, human milk, individualized fortification, nutrition, prematurity, protein, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, business.industry, lcsh:RJ1-570, lcsh:Pediatrics, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Low birth weight, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Alimentation et Nutrition, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Human health and pathology, medicine.symptom, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Evidence indicates that human milk (HM) is the best form of nutrition uniquely suited not only to term but also to preterm infants conferring health benefits in both the short and long-term. However, HM does not provide sufficient nutrition for the very low birth weight (VLBW) infant when fed at the usual feeding volumes leading to slow growth with the risk of neurocognitive impairment and other poor health outcomes such as retinopathy and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. HM should be supplemented (fortified) with the nutrients in short supply, particularly with protein, calcium, and phosphate to meet the high requirements of this group of babies. In this paper the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) Working Group on HM Fortification discusses the existing evidence in this field, gives an overview of different fortification approaches and definitions, outlines the gaps in knowledge and gives recommendations for practice and suggestions for future research. EMBA recognizes that Standard Fortification, which is currently the most utilized regimen in neonatal intensive care units, still falls short in supplying sufficient protein for some VLBWinfants. EMBA encourages the use of Individualized Fortification to optimize nutrient intake. Adjustable Fortification and Targeted Fortification are 2 methods of individualized fortification. The quality and source of human milk fortifiers constitute another important topic. There is work looking at human milk derived fortifiers, but it is still too early to draw precise conclusions about their use. The pros and cons are discussed in this Commentary in addition to the evidence around use of fortifiers post discharge., The authors thank the Italian Association of Human Milk Banks (Associazione Italiana Banche del Latte Umano Donato = AIBLUD) for its continuous efforts to promote research in the field of donor human milk and human milk banks, and for the financial support given to the publication of this manuscript.
Published: 2019

47. Clinical Profile of Methotrexate-resistant Juvenile Localised Scleroderma

Author: Hardy, Juliette, Boralevi, Franck, Mallet, Stephanie, Cabrera, Natalia, Belot, Alexandre, Phan, Alice, Barbarot, Sébastien, Duriez-Lasek, Audrey, Chiaverini, Christine, Hubiche, Thomas, Mahe, Emmanuel, Begon, Edouard, Bourrat, Emmanuelle, Boccara, Olivia, Aubert, Hélène, Lerosey, Martine Grall, Droitcourt, Catherine, Piram, Maryam, Mazereeuw-Hautier, Juliette, Research Group of the French Society of Paediatric Dermatology (SDFP in French), ., Hôpital Larrey [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université de Bordeaux (UB), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Vincent de Paul, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Hôpital d'Argenteuil, Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine, AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), and Hardy, Juliette
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, morphea, Drug Resistance, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Dermatology, Scleroderma, 03 medical and health sciences, Localised scleroderma, Scleroderma, Localized, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, lcsh:Dermatology, medicine, Juvenile, Humans, scleroderma, Localized Scleroderma, Paediatric dermatology, Child, Retrospective Studies, Dermatologie, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, localized scleroderma, methotrexate, treatment, business.industry, Infant, General Medicine, lcsh:RL1-803, medicine.disease, Rheumatology, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Methotrexate, Child, Preschool, Human health and pathology, Female, Dermatologic Agents, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, [SDV.MHEP.DERM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology, Morphea, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Methotrexate has demonstrated its efficiency for the treatment of juvenile localized scleroderma but some patients may be resistant. The aim of our study was to define the profile of such patients. We performed an observational retrospective multicenter study between 2007 and 2016 and included all children seen in the French Paediatric Dermatology and Rheumatology departments with active localized scleroderma treated by methotrexate for a minimum of 4 months. Metho-trexate efficacy was assessed clinically and/or by imaging between the fourth to twelfth months of treatment. A total of 57 patients were included. Metho-trexate dosage ranged from 7 to 15 mg/m2/week. Only 4 patients were resistant. No common features could be identified between these 4 patients. Children with localized scleroderma are rarely resistant to metho-trexate and we did not identify a clinical profile for those resistant patients.
Published: 2019

48. Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections: a French case-control-control study

Author: Marie-Hélène Nicolas-Chanoine, Jérôme Robert, Marie Vigan, Cédric Laouénan, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Beaujon, Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Modèles et méthodes de l'évaluation thérapeutique des maladies chroniques, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, Université de Liège, Service de Microbiologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC epidémiologie clinique/ essais cliniques, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Team E13, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Bactériologie et d'Hygiène Hospitalière [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), grant (NI12025) from the National Ministry of Health Hospital Clinical Research Program (PHRC2012), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Beaujon-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), and Nicolas-Chanoine, Marie-Hélène
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Multivariate analysis, résistance aux antibiotiques, Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae, Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), Case-control-control study, Multicentre study, Risk factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, 80 and over, Univariate analysis, Microbiology and Parasitology, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, [STAT]Statistics [stat], facteur de risque, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, France, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, beta-Lactamases, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, Enterobacteriaceae, Internal medicine, medicine, entérobacteriaceae, Humans, Medical history, Male gender, Aged, business.industry, infection bactérienne, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, Human health and pathology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract: Electronic supplementary material : The online version of this article ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-018-3438-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.; International audience; This study aimed to assess characteristics associated with infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), producing (CPE) or not producing (non-CPE) carbapenemase, among hospitalised patients in 2014-2016 in France. Case-patients with CRE were compared to two control populations. In multivariate analysis comparing 160 CRE cases to 160 controls C1 (patients with a clinical sample positive for carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae), five characteristics were linked to CRE: male gender (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.3-3.4), travel in Asia (OR = 10.0; 95% CI = 1.1-91.2) and hospitalisation in (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.3-4.4) or out of (OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 0.8-24.1) France in the preceding 12 months, infection in the preceding 3 months (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.5-5.9), and antibiotic receipt between admission and inclusion (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.0-3.3). In multivariate analysis comparing 148 CRE cases to 148 controls C2 [patients with culture-negative sample(s)], four characteristics were identified: prior infection (OR = 3.3; 95% CI = 1.6-6.8), urine drainage (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.5-6.1) and mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.7; 95% CI = 1.1-13.0) during the current hospitalisation, and antibiotic receipt between admission and inclusion (OR = 6.6; 95% CI = 2.8-15.5). Univariate analyses comparing separately CPE cases to controls (39 CPE vs C1 and 36 CPE vs C2) and non-CPE cases to controls (121 non-CPE vs C1 and 112 non-CPE vs C2), concomitantly with comparison of CPE to non-CPE cases showed that only CPE cases were at risk of previous travel and hospitalisation abroad. This study shows that, among CRE, risk factors are different for CPE and non-CPE infection, and suggests that question patients about their medical history and lifestyle should help for early identification of patients at risk of CPE among patients with CRE.
Published: 2019

49. Spirulina Liquid Extract Protects against Fibrosis Related to Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Increases Ursodeoxycholic Acid

Author: Marine Coué, Julien Chaigneau, Jérôme Boursier, Angela Tesse, Khadija Ouguerram, Lionel Fizanne, Audrey Aguesse, Juliette Falewée, Mikaël Croyal, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles [UMR_A1280] (PhAN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest [UNIV Nantes] (CRNHO), Université de Nantes (UN), unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Université d'Angers (UA), This work was supported by AlgoSource Technologies., Croyal, Mikael, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax (ITX-lab), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Ouguerram, Khadija
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Blood Glucose, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Anti-Inflammatory Agents, medicine.disease_cause, Antioxidants, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Fibrosis, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Superoxides, oxidative stress, Hypolipidemic Agents, Nutrition and Dietetics, Bile acid, Ursodeoxycholic Acid, NF-kappa B, Gallbladder, Alanine Transaminase, Ursodeoxycholic acid, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, Cholesterol, Liver, Alimentation et Nutrition, spirulina liquid extract, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Médecine humaine et pathologie, lcsh:TX341-641, Nitric Oxide, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances, Article, Nitric oxide, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Spirulina, Food and Nutrition, Animals, inflammation, fibrosis, bile acids, Lipid metabolism, Cholic Acids, medicine.disease, Mice, Inbred C57BL, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, Diet, Western, Dietary Supplements, Human health and pathology, Steatohepatitis, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Oxidative stress, Food Science
Abstract: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by an excess of lipids and oxidative stress in the liver. Spirulina was reported to possess hypolipemic and antioxidative effects and might counteract NASH development. C57Bl/6J mice were fed a western diet (WD) during 25 weeks with or without spirulina liquid extract (SLE) at 2 different doses (WDS1 and WDS2 groups) in drinking water. Liver histology, inflammation, and oxidative stress were assessed as well as glucose tolerance status, lipid metabolism, and gallbladder bile acid profile. WDS2 gained significantly less weight than WD. Liver weight-to-body weight ratio and plasma alanine aminotransferase were significantly lower in WDS2 mice. A reduced liver fibrosis and NF&kappa, Bp65 protein expression were measured in the supplemented group as a lower accumulation of superoxide anion, nitric oxide, and thiobarbituric reactive substances. WDS2 mice showed also a preserved glucose tolerance, a strong decrease of plasma cholesterol, and a significant increase of gallbladder ursodeoxycholic acid and &beta, muricholic acid. Our findings demonstrate a protective effect of SLE against WD induced NASH that is related to less inflammation and oxidative stress, a preserved glucose tolerance, and less hepatotoxic bile acid profile.
Published: 2019
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50. Staphylococcus aureus induces DNA damage in host cell

Author: Deplanche, Martine, Mouhali, Nassim, Nguyen, Minh-Thu, Cauty, Chantal, Ezan, Frederic, Diot, Alan, Raulin, Lesly, Dutertre, Stephanie, Langouët, Sophie, Legembre, Patrick, Taieb, Frederic, Otto, Michael, Laurent, Frédéric, Goetz, Friedrich, Le Loir, Yves, Berkova, Nadia, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Centre National de Reference des Staphylocoques, Université de Lyon, Pathogénie des Staphylocoques – Staphylococcal Pathogenesis (StaPath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biosit : biologie, santé, innovation technologique (SFR UMS CNRS 3480 - INSERM 018), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), LONGhealth - MP-P10573 (to N.B. and M.D), Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), Grant Number 1 ZIA AI000904 (to M.O.), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) SFB766 (to F.G. and M.T.), Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) [1 ZIA AI000904], Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB766], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Pathogénie des Staphylocoques – Staphylococcal Pathogenesis, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Jonchère, Laurent
Subjects: host cell, DNA Repair, lcsh:Medicine, human health, Histones, Phosphorylation, lcsh:Science, Osteitis, Etoposide, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, santé animale, Microbiology and Parasitology, santé humaine, Staphylococcal Infections, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Mechanisms of disease, Alimentation et Nutrition, Host-Pathogen Interactions, adn génomique, Infection, Staphylococcus aureus, Guanine, Genomic Islands, Lipoproteins, Bacterial Toxins, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Double-strand DNA breaks, Article, Cell Line, Tumor, Food and Nutrition, Humans, Cellular microbiology, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Arthritis, Infectious, Osteoblasts, animal health, infection bactérienne, lcsh:R, cellule hôte, Acetylcysteine, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Oxidative Stress, staphylococcus aureus, infection, Human health and pathology, lcsh:Q, Reactive Oxygen Species, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, DNA Damage, HeLa Cells
Abstract: International audience; Staphylococcus aureus causes serious medical problems in human and animals. Here we show thatS. aureus can compromise host genomic integrity as indicated by bacteria-induced histone H2AXphosphorylation, a marker of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), in human cervix cancer HeLa andosteoblast-like MG-63 cells. This DNA damage is mediated by alpha phenol-soluble modulins (PSMα1–4),while a specific class of lipoproteins (Lpls), encoded on a pathogenicity island in S. aureus, dampens theH2AX phosphorylation thus counteracting the DNA damage. This DNA damage is mediated by reactiveoxygen species (ROS), which promotes oxidation of guanine forming 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). DNA damage is followed by the induction of DNA repair that involves the ATM kinase-signalingpathway. An examination of S. aureus strains, isolated from the same patient during acute initial andrecurrent bone and joint infections (BJI), showed that recurrent strains produce lower amounts of Lpls,induce stronger DNA-damage and prompt the G2/M transition delay to a greater extent that suggest aninvolvement of these mechanisms in adaptive processes of bacteria during chronicization. Our findingsredefine our understanding of mechanisms of S. aureus-host interaction and suggest that the balancebetween the levels of PSMα and Lpls expression impacts the persistence of the infection.
Published: 2019

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