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Teaching about the Holocaust as an atrocity of the 1940s misleads students into thinking that it is a genocide occurred, that the world agreed "Never Again," and that the United Nations would prevent future genocides. With genocides in Rwanda, Srebrenica, and Syria occurring in the years since the Holocaust, teachers need to use the Holocaust as a vehicle for teaching about and preventing future genocides. Five main points need to be taught to students, all of which can be shown in the Holocaust and other genocides, specifically: (1) the meaning of genocide and problems surrounding its early identification; (2) the idea that governments are not always ethical or moral; (3) the effectiveness of propaganda; (4) dehumanization; and (5) using one's voice to stand up against injustice.

Although children are already part of the global economy, they often have little understanding of its influence without explicit instruction. The article focuses on recommendations for teaching elementary students in grades three through five about the global economy utilizing the pedagogical recommendations from the National Council for the Social Studies and curricular and pedagogical suggestions from economic educators, human rights educators, and research. The author advocates using the inquiry arc to actively engage students in learning and integrating a human rights perspective, along with an economic perspective, to broaden students' understanding of the global economy. Economics helps young students learn why their clothes and toys are produced in different countries while human rights education enables them to comprehend the lives of workers who produce their clothing and toys. The inquiry arc also offers opportunities for young students to take action when they encounter human rights abuses during the production of their toys and clothing. Children are not only prepared for their future role as citizens but act as citizens while they are still children concerned about the human rights of all people involved in producing their clothes and toys.

Sex trafficking is a prominent human rights issue that has been increasingly associated with the hosting of large-scale sport events. Despite insufficient evidence demonstrating a causal or correlative link, event stakeholders have implemented antitrafficking efforts in attempts to prevent and promote awareness of sex trafficking. Using Google Trends data to measure audiences' information-seeking behavior online and Twitter data as a proxy for antitrafficking efforts on social media, we employed a difference-in-differences approach to estimate the change in online demand for sex-trafficking information among the residents of Miami-Dade, the host city of Super Bowl LIV (54). Findings highlight an increase in the online demand for sex-trafficking information in the host city during and after the event. This increased demand attributed to the Super Bowl may offer support for host communities utilizing sport events to promote awareness of pressing social issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with participation of community-dwelling older Australians (≥65 years) in the Exercise Right for Active Ageing program, consisting of 12 low- to moderate-intensity group exercise classes, delivered weekly, in person or online, by accredited exercise scientists and physiologists across Australia. Out of 6,949 participants recruited, 6,626 (95%) attended one or more classes and were included in the primary analysis, and 49% of participants attended all 12 classes. Factors associated with higher class attendance included participation in yoga/flexibility/mobility classes, attendance at a free trial class (adjusted incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.05 [1.03, 1.08]), and attending online classes (1.19 [1.11, 1.26]). Factors associated with lower class attendance included state of residence, living in inner regional areas (0.95 [0.93, 0.98]), and having two or more comorbidities (0.97 [0.95, 0.99]). High class attendance suggests that the Exercise Right for Active Ageing program was well received by older Australians, particularly in states less impacted by COVID-19 lockdowns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was to extend the contemporary athlete activism literature by (a) exploring athlete activism beyond a strictly North American context and (b) examining how athlete activism at an organizational/institutional level (i.e., sport organization) may be framed differently than activist efforts at an individual level (i.e., athlete). By examining two examples of activism in German soccer, we show that the framing of both athlete-enacted and organization-enacted examples of activism highlighted the importance of speaking up when human rights are violated, called for the display of solidarity, and discussed the broader political implications for such protests. Additionally, framing of both examples of activism included voices of criticism regarding the sport organizations governing global sport. As calls for accountability of sport organizations suppressing athlete expression are becoming increasingly common in global sport, this study adds to a shifting focus of activism research targeting the sport institutions that often perpetuate the various injustices individual athletes call attention to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a detailed framework for contraceptive agency to serve as a rights-based guide for centering individuals’ ability to make and act on their own contraceptive choices, regardless of what those choices are, in program design and evaluation.

BackgroundBritish American Tobacco (BAT) released an industry-first human rights report in 2020, which extolled the efforts and objectives of the tobacco industry giant for promoting human rights. How BAT came to brand itself as a human rights champion, being a leader in an industry long accused of enabling human rights violations from leaf-to-stub including profiting from a product which inherently violates the right to health, is unknown. Exploring BAT's evolution through reviewing its materials and Tobacco Industry Documents could shed light on their development and what it means in the tobacco control and human rights context.MethodologyWe reviewed publicly available materials from BAT as well as conducted archival research in the Tobacco Industry Documents digital archives at University of California San Francisco. We focused on how and when BAT used terms such as 'human rights', 'right to health', 'sustainable development goal' and 'harm reduction' as well as 'Framework Convention on Tobacco Control'.ResultsWe reviewed 48 BAT publications and 45 documents from the Tobacco Industry Documents archives. These materials demonstrate both BAT's increasing utilisation of human rights language as well as BAT's reuse of the same language, concepts and general rhetoric. BAT has not engaged significantly or meaningfully on the human right to health.ConclusionBAT's increasing use of human rights rhetoric does not appear to reflect a shift in the company's human rights positions, particularly with respect to the right to health of consumers and BAT's lack of impactful measures to eliminate the harms of its tobacco products.

Fourth World knowledge systems vary widely but in the contemporary international environment, nations may be seen as engaging neighboring nations, states and international institutions with differing capacities. Understanding the different [...]

This research article examines how domestic politics has affected Thailand's engagement with the United States and China since the 2014 military coup. It argues that Thai conservative elites, primarily the military, perceive the United States as a threat to their political legitimacy because of Washington's emphasis on human rights and democracy. In contrast, they appreciate Beijing's commitment to noninterference while increased economic ties with China strengthen their domestic legitimacy. Although Thailand's foreign policy underwent an adjustment following the 2019 general elections, with Bangkok and Washington reaffirming their security ties, Thai policymakers continue to perceive China as a more dependable partner and think they must reassure Beijing that they are not aligned with the alleged US goal of containing China. Keywords: Thai domestic politics, foreign policy, great power competition, US-Thai relations, Sino-Thai relations., According to Arne Kislenko, Thai diplomacy is 'always solidly rooted, but flexible enough to be whichever way the wind blows to survive'. (1) Hence the moniker 'bamboo diplomacy'. Through such [...]

At the 2024 American Psychiatric Association (APA) Annual Meeting, the American Association for Social Psychiatry (AASP) bestowed H. Steven Moffi c, MD, with the Abraham L. Halpern Humanitarian Award for [...]

Retail corporations orchestrate much of what happens in today's food supply chains. From setting sky-high cosmetic standards for fresh produce to bundling off close-to-expiry products at discounted prices, retail's contribution to food waste often extends beyond its in-store numbers. By occupying a powerful position in a globalised food system, these corporations enable chronic overproduction and consequently, the removal of surplus food from supply chains. This, in turn, contributes to the unfair distribution and overexploitation of food resources, further exacerbating the globally pervasive problem of food insecurity. To realise the right to food and the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal of halving global per capita food waste by 2030, we argue that retail corporations must be held accountable for their direct and indirect contribution to food waste. We posit that to make a tangible difference, they must move away from the current voluntary corporate social responsibility approach to food waste reduction and instead invest in robust due diligence mechanisms and transparent reporting systems in line with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the upcoming EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive. Based on Pillar II of the Guiding Principles, we propose a five-step approach to accountability for food waste that may lead to serious actions towards the relaxation of cosmetic standards, abolition of unfair trading practices, and improvement in demand forecasting, thereby reducing the volume of food that ends up as waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cet article se propose de soulever les impasses épistémologiques produites par le développement contemporain du concept de handicap – concept formé dans un rapport étroit avec le contexte sociétal et avec les questions de droits de la personne, plus qu'avec la problématique nosographique et clinique. Dans ce cadre nous investiguons plus particulièrement la notion de handicap mental, entité clinique dont l'histoire classificatoire, au cœur de l'édification de la psychiatrie dès le XIXe siècle, fut particulièrement malaisée. Il s'agit à partir de l'étude de cette trajectoire de contribuer à soutenir l'intérêt de son approche théorico-clinique psychanalytique. Nous réalisons une analyse de l'évolution des conceptions psychiatrique et psychanalytique sur le handicap mental. Nous les discutons en dégageant des pistes de réflexion pour le travail clinique et thérapeutique orienté par la psychanalyse, que nous menons avec de jeunes patients handicapés et leurs parents. Le handicap mental est replacé dans la dynamique historique des tentatives de classification dont il a fait l'objet : idiotisme, idiotie, débilité mentale, handicap mental ou intellectuel... Son étiologie organique avérée ou fortement supposée a originellement maintenu, et continue de maintenir à la marge certains modes de penser cliniques et de traitements psychiques dont l'approche psychanalytique fait partie. Nous discutons et différencions les concepts de « mental » et « psychique » et l'ambiguïté de leurs acceptions. Le « mental handicapé », quand il est réduit à son étiologie neuronale, est envisagé dans une perspective déficitaire, qui relègue au second plan voire rend superflue l'investigation de la vie psychique. Nous rappelons, notamment à la suite de D. Widlöcher, combien la pensée Kraepelinienne faisant dépendre l'indication thérapeutique de l'étiologie supposée est de nos jours dépassée. Ainsi mettons-nous l'accent sur les différences individuelles dans la relation qui se construit entre le jeune handicapé et ses proches et dans l'interaction entre leurs psychés. Les effets de la naissance d'un enfant handicapé sur la construction du sentiment de parentalité, le lien de filiation et le narcissisme parental sont ainsi compris au sein de la dynamique des interactions, réelles et fantasmatiques , qui nécessairement diffèrent en fonction des sujets, parents et enfants. Plus particulièrement, nous envisageons la « situation anthropologique fondamentale » de J. Laplanche comme modèle heuristique pour penser la vie psychique pulsionnelle de l'enfant porteur de handicap et le sexuel infantile qui la constitue, dans l'interaction adulte-enfant, comme chez tout un chacun. Nous faisons l'hypothèse que la rencontre parentale avec un enfant présentant une pathologie handicapante est susceptible de renvoyer d'une manière trop brutale, certains parents, à leur propre « étrangeté », c'est-à-dire à l'inquiétant du retour d'un refoulé ou de modes de pensée primitifs abandonnés depuis longtemps. Cette irruption interne est susceptible de conduire chez le parent à une ré-élaboration fantasmatique relançant la dynamique pulsionnelle chez l'enfant. Dans d'autres configurations cliniques, elle peut susciter chez le parent l'usage de défenses drastiques visant à geler sa propre vie pulsionnelle et celle de l'enfant, ayant pour effet chez ce dernier d'entraver l'effort de traduction des messages énigmatiques, le désir de comprendre et d'inhiber la créativité d'une vie psychique fondée sur la dynamique auto-érotique. La compréhension, l'écoute et la prise en charge cliniques psychanalytiques du patient porteur d'un handicap mental repose sur la reconnaissance fondamentale de son infantile, c'est-à-dire d'un inconscient, d'un sexuel infantile inconscient et permet, dans certaines configurations qui ont pu geler, inhiber ou réprimer la vie psychique de l'enfant, de redynamiser les mouvements pulsionnels. This article aims to bypass the epistemological impasses produced by the contemporary development of the concept of disability – a concept formed in close relation with the societal context and with questions of human rights, more than with a nosographic and clinical problematic - and more precisely with regard to mental disability, a clinical entity whose classification history is particularly difficult, and yet at the heart of the edification of psychiatry since the 19th century. In studying this trajectory, we aim to demonstrate the interest of psychoanalysis's theoretical-clinical approach. We analyze the evolution of psychiatric and psychoanalytical conceptions of mental disability. We discuss them and identify avenues of reflection for the psychoanalytically oriented clinical and therapeutic work we do with young disabled patients and their parents. Mental disability is placed in the historical dynamic of the attempts to classify it: idiotism, idiocy, mental debility, mental or intellectual disability, etc. Its proven or strongly assumed organic etiology originally marginalized, and continues to marginalize, certain modes of clinical thinking and psychic treatments, of which the psychoanalytical approach is one. We discuss and differentiate between the concepts of "mental" and "psychic" and the ambiguity of their meanings. The "mentally handicapped" subject, when reduced to their neuronal aetiology, is considered from a deficit perspective, which relegates the investigation of psychic life to the background or even renders it superfluous. Following in the footsteps of D. Widlöcher, we point out that Kraepelin's thinking, which made the therapeutic indication dependent on the supposed aetiology, is now outdated. We therefore emphasize the individual differences in the relationship that develops between the young disabled person and his or her family, and in the interaction between their psyches. The effects of the birth of a disabled child on the construction of the feeling of parenthood, the bond of filiation, and parental narcissism are thus understood within the dynamics of interactions, both real and fantasized , which necessarily differ according to the subjects, parents and children. More specifically, we consider J. Laplanche's "fundamental anthropological situation" as a heuristic model for thinking about the psychic life of the child with a disability and the infantile sexuality that constitutes it, in adult-child interaction, as in everyone else. We hypothesize that the parental encounter with a child presenting a handicapping pathology is likely to send some parents back to their own "uncanniness," that is to say, to the disturbing return of a repressed or primitive way of thinking abandoned a long time ago, coming from their own "internal foreign land." This internal irruption is likely to lead to a re-elaboration of the parent's fantasies, re-launching the child's drive dynamics. In other clinical configurations, it may prompt the parent to use drastic defenses aimed at freezing his or her own and the child's drives, with the effect of hindering the child's efforts to translate enigmatic messages and their desire to understand, and inhibiting the creativity of a psychic life based on auto-erotic dynamics. Psychoanalytic understanding, listening, and clinical treatment of the mentally handicapped patient is based on the fundamental recognition of the infantile, i.e. of an unconscious, an unconscious infantile sexuality; the psychoanalytic approach allows for, in certain configurations that may have frozen, inhibited, or repressed the child's psychic life, a revitalization of the drives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article draws interdisciplinary insights from research on trauma to theorize the ways in which inclusion can be enriched and diversified by incorporating a trauma-informed perspective that is equity-oriented and can facilitate the process of inclusive education reforms. Despite the existence of a significant body of research documenting the ways in which trauma can create, compound, and exacerbate disabilities and special educational needs, these empirically validated causal links have not informed inclusive education theories, policies, and practices. Trauma- and its varied configurations and manifestations- is a constituent element of oppression linked to, inter alia, human rights violations and social inequities and as a result, it should inform understandings of the genesis and exacerbation of children's special educational needs and disabilities. This is an issue that highlights the imperative of developing theories of inclusion that acknowledge and address the intersections of disability, impairment and trauma and their impact on educational accessibility, participation and achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on and extending relational sociology, this article establishes a relational sociology of rights. I argue that rights should not be viewed as substances but as social constructs that derive their meanings and significance within a relational setting. To illustrate how rights are constructed relationally, I introduce a new analytic concept: the rights project, the context-specific endeavor of marginalized communities to envision, claim, and achieve rights on their own terms and in their own ways. The relational construction of rights projects occurs locally, regionally, and globally. The concept of the rights project demonstrates how marginalized communities undertake diverse political and cultural endeavors tailored to specific relational contexts, developing distinct goals, priorities, and strategies in the name of rights. A relational sociology of rights allows us to gain a more nuanced understanding of the conditions of possibility for marginalized communities beyond the Euro-American registers of rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children have a right to play, as outlined by the United Nations, due to its important role in holistic development. However, as with many other human rights, children’s access to their right to play was disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions. With several studies demonstrating the ways in which children’s play changed during times of restriction, this research aimed to explore whether these changes continued to be observed once restrictions had lifted. A mixed methods design was utilised: a 22-item questionnaire was distributed by schools in England to 124 caregivers who shared their observations of their children’s play during times of restriction and the six months prior to data collection. Quantitative analysis demonstrates that increases in time to play, adult-child play, and outdoor play during the pandemic had been counteracted since restrictions were lifted; however, device play remained elevated. Qualitative comments highlight the impact of children’s affect on their play, the activities children chose to pursue, and the extent of increases in screen time. The implications of these findings are discussed, including a need to place greater value on play in the home and the role of educational psychologists in supporting this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]