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1. Not seen before. Unveiling depositional context and Mammuthus meridionalis exploitation at Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, southern Iberia) through taphonomy and microstratigraphy

Author

Universidad Complutense, Museo Primeros Pobladores de Europa ‘Josep Gibert’, Université de Bordeaux, Universidad de Jaén, Universidad de Granada, University of Helsinki, Universidad de La Laguna, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Universidad de Murcia, Universidad de Zaragoza, Universität Tübingen and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat de València, Museu Valencià d’Història Natural, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Granada (CSIC-UGR), Yravedra, José, Courtenay, Lloyd A., Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Mario, Reinoso-Gordo, Juan Francisco, Saarinen, Juha, Égüez, Natalia, Luzón, Carmen, Rodríguez-Alba, Juan José, Solano, José A., Titton, Stefania, Montilla-Jiménez, Eva, Cámara-Donoso, José, Herranz-Rodrigo, Darío, Estaca, Verónica, Serrano-Ramos, Alexia, Amorós, Gabriela, Azanza, Beatriz, Bocherens, Hervé, DeMiguel, Daniel, Fagoaga, Ana, García-Alix, Antonio, González-Quiñones, Juan José, Jiménez-Espejo, Francisco, Kaakinen, Anu, Munuera Giner, Manuel, Ochando, Juan, Piñero, Pedro, Sánchez-Bandera, Christian, Viranta, Suvi, Fortelius, Mikael, Agustí, Jordi, Blain, Hugues-Alexandre, Carrión, José, Barsky, Deborah, Oms, Oriol, Mallol, Carolina, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel, Universidad Complutense, Museo Primeros Pobladores de Europa ‘Josep Gibert’, Université de Bordeaux, Universidad de Jaén, Universidad de Granada, University of Helsinki, Universidad de La Laguna, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Universidad de Murcia, Universidad de Zaragoza, Universität Tübingen and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat de València, Museu Valencià d’Història Natural, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Granada (CSIC-UGR), Yravedra, José, Courtenay, Lloyd A., Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Mario, Reinoso-Gordo, Juan Francisco, Saarinen, Juha, Égüez, Natalia, Luzón, Carmen, Rodríguez-Alba, Juan José, Solano, José A., Titton, Stefania, Montilla-Jiménez, Eva, Cámara-Donoso, José, Herranz-Rodrigo, Darío, Estaca, Verónica, Serrano-Ramos, Alexia, Amorós, Gabriela, Azanza, Beatriz, Bocherens, Hervé, DeMiguel, Daniel, Fagoaga, Ana, García-Alix, Antonio, González-Quiñones, Juan José, Jiménez-Espejo, Francisco, Kaakinen, Anu, Munuera Giner, Manuel, Ochando, Juan, Piñero, Pedro, Sánchez-Bandera, Christian, Viranta, Suvi, Fortelius, Mikael, Agustí, Jordi, Blain, Hugues-Alexandre, Carrión, José, Barsky, Deborah, Oms, Oriol, Mallol, Carolina, and Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel

Abstract

Meat consumption by early hominins is a hotly debated issue. A key question concerns their access to large mammal carcasses, including megafauna. Currently, the evidence of anthropic cut marks on proboscidean bones older than -or close to- 1.0 Ma are restricted to the archaeological sites of Dmanisi (Georgia), Olduvai (Tanzania), Gona (Ethiopia), Olorgesailie (Kenya) and La Boella (Spain). During an inspection of the almost complete carcass of Mammuthus meridionalis (FN3-5-MPS) from the Oldowan site of Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, Spain, c. 1.2 Ma), a few traces compatible with human-made cut marks and carnivore tooth marks were found. From this finding and previous interpretations the following questions arise: When and under what conditions was FN3-5-MPS deposited? What is the nature of the marks found on the surface of the bones of this mammoth? To answer, we have conducted a high-resolution analysis of these remains, combining both taphonomic and microstratigraphic data. Our results, using microstratigraphic and micromorphological analyses of sediments based on thin-sections, show that this individual was deposited in a marshy environment. Subsequently, the carcass was exploited by hominins and large felids that left their marks on the surface of some of its bones. For this purpose, the identification and characterisation of both cut marks and tooth marks were performed using high-resolution 3D modelling, geometric morphometrics, and artificially intelligent algorithms. Based on the anatomical position of both the cut and tooth marks, we propose that both the hominins and the saber-toothed cats had early access to the animal. Finally, this paper shows how an interdisciplinary approach can shed detailed light on the particular story regarding the death and processing of the carcass of a female mammoth, deposited at Fuente Nueva 3.

Published
2024

3. Palynological investigations in the Orce Archaeological Zone, Early Pleistocene of Southern Spain

Author

Universidad de Murcia, University of the Witwatersrand, University of Helsinki, Senckenberg Research Institute, Universidad de Granada, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Universitat Rovira i Virili, Museo Primeros Pobladores de Europa 'Josep Gibert', University of Tübingen and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ICREA, Institución Catala de Recerques Avançades, Ochando, Juan, Carrión, José, Altolaguirre, Yul, Munuera Giner, Manuel, Amorós, Gabriela, Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo, Solano-García, José, Barsky, Deborah, Luzón, Carmen, Sánchez-Bandera, Christian, Serrano-Ramos, Alexia, Toro-Moyano, Isidro, Saarinen, Juha, Blain, Hugues-Alexandre, Bocherens, Hervé, Oms, Oriol, Agustí, Jordi, Fortelius, Mikael, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan M., Universidad de Murcia, University of the Witwatersrand, University of Helsinki, Senckenberg Research Institute, Universidad de Granada, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Universitat Rovira i Virili, Museo Primeros Pobladores de Europa 'Josep Gibert', University of Tübingen and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ICREA, Institución Catala de Recerques Avançades, Ochando, Juan, Carrión, José, Altolaguirre, Yul, Munuera Giner, Manuel, Amorós, Gabriela, Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo, Solano-García, José, Barsky, Deborah, Luzón, Carmen, Sánchez-Bandera, Christian, Serrano-Ramos, Alexia, Toro-Moyano, Isidro, Saarinen, Juha, Blain, Hugues-Alexandre, Bocherens, Hervé, Oms, Oriol, Agustí, Jordi, Fortelius, Mikael, and Jiménez-Arenas, Juan M.

Abstract

Palynological investigations in the Orce Archaeological Zone (OAZ) (Guadix-Baza Basin, Granada, Spain), Venta Micena 1 (VM1), Barranco León (BL) and Fuente Nueva 3 (FN3) are presented. This archaeological region is connected with the first Homo populations in Western Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene. The VM1 pollen record is characterized by Ephedra, and to a lesser extent, Pinus, Juniperus and evergreen Quercus, occassionally accompanied by Olea, Genisteae, Erica, deciduous Quercus, Alnus, Castanea, Fraxinus, Salix and Phillyrea. BL is dominated by Juniperus, Olea, Pinus, Poaceae, and evergreen Quercus. FN3 is characterized by an open Mediterranean woodland dominated by evergreen Quercus, Pinus, Juniperus and Olea, accompanied by deciduous Quercus, Castanea, Populus, Salix, Ulmus, Fraxinus, Pistacia, Phillyrea, Genisteae, Erica, Cistus, and Ephedra fragilis. Relic Tertiary taxa in OAZ include Carya, Pterocarya, Eucommia, Zelkova, and Juglans. The Early Pleistocene OAZ vegetation is a mosaic of different landscapes embracing mesophytes, thermophytes, xerophytes, xerothermophytes, and Mediterranean elements. These finds are compared with former pollen analyses in the region and beyond within the Iberian Peninsula.

Published
2022

5. Differential DNA methylation of vocal and facial anatomy genes in modern humans

Author

Clore Israel Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Fundación la Caixa, Generalitat de Catalunya, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Research Council, New York State Stem Cell Science, Leakey Foundation, Wenner-Gren Foundation, Nacey Maggioncalda Foundation, International Primatological Society, Sigma Xi, Center for Evolution and Medicine (US), School of Human Evolution and Social Change (US), Jane Goodall Institute, National Institutes of Health (US), National Science Foundation (US), Gokhman, David, Nissim-Rafinia, Malka, Agranat-Tamir, Lily, Housman, Genevieve, García-Pérez, Raquel, Lizano, Esther, Cheronet, Olivia, Mallick, Swapan, Nieves-Colón, Maria A., Li, Heng, Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül, Novak, Mario, Gu, Hongcang, Osinski, Jason M., Ferrando-Bernal, Manuel, Gelabert, Pere, Lipende, Iddi, Mjungu, Deus, Kondova, Ivanela, Bontrop, Ronald, Kullmer, Ottmar, Weber, Gerhard, Shahar, Tal, Dvir-Ginzberg, Mona, Faerman, Marina, Quillen, Ellen E., Meissner, Alexander, Lahav, Yonatan, Kandel, Leonid, Liebergall, Meir, Prada, María E., Vidal Encinas, Julio Manuel, Gronostajski, Richard M., Stone, Anne C., Yakir, Benjamin, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, Pinhasi, Ron, Reich, David, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, Meshorer, Eran, Carmel, Liran, Clore Israel Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Fundación la Caixa, Generalitat de Catalunya, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Research Council, New York State Stem Cell Science, Leakey Foundation, Wenner-Gren Foundation, Nacey Maggioncalda Foundation, International Primatological Society, Sigma Xi, Center for Evolution and Medicine (US), School of Human Evolution and Social Change (US), Jane Goodall Institute, National Institutes of Health (US), National Science Foundation (US), Gokhman, David, Nissim-Rafinia, Malka, Agranat-Tamir, Lily, Housman, Genevieve, García-Pérez, Raquel, Lizano, Esther, Cheronet, Olivia, Mallick, Swapan, Nieves-Colón, Maria A., Li, Heng, Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül, Novak, Mario, Gu, Hongcang, Osinski, Jason M., Ferrando-Bernal, Manuel, Gelabert, Pere, Lipende, Iddi, Mjungu, Deus, Kondova, Ivanela, Bontrop, Ronald, Kullmer, Ottmar, Weber, Gerhard, Shahar, Tal, Dvir-Ginzberg, Mona, Faerman, Marina, Quillen, Ellen E., Meissner, Alexander, Lahav, Yonatan, Kandel, Leonid, Liebergall, Meir, Prada, María E., Vidal Encinas, Julio Manuel, Gronostajski, Richard M., Stone, Anne C., Yakir, Benjamin, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, Pinhasi, Ron, Reich, David, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, Meshorer, Eran, and Carmel, Liran

Abstract

Changes in potential regulatory elements are thought to be key drivers of phenotypic divergence. However, identifying changes to regulatory elements that underlie human-specific traits has proven very challenging. Here, we use 63 reconstructed and experimentally measured DNA methylation maps of ancient and present-day humans, as well as of six chimpanzees, to detect differentially methylated regions that likely emerged in modern humans after the split from Neanderthals and Denisovans. We show that genes associated with face and vocal tract anatomy went through particularly extensive methylation changes. Specifically, we identify widespread hypermethylation in a network of face- and voice-associated genes (SOX9, ACAN, COL2A1, NFIX and XYLT1). We propose that these repression patterns appeared after the split from Neanderthals and Denisovans, and that they might have played a key role in shaping the modern human face and vocal tract.

Published
2020

6. The Blake Event recorded near the Eemian type locality – A diachronic onset of the Eemian in Europe

Author

Sier, M.J., Peeters, J., Dekkers, M., Pares, J.M., Chang, L., Busschers, F.S., Cohen, K.M., Wallinga, J., Bunnik, F.P.M., Roebroeks, W., Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Paleomagnetism, Geomorfologie, NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Paleomagnetism, Geomorfologie, and NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project

Subjects
Marine isotope stage, Paleomagnetism, last interglacial, Pleistocene, Palaeomagnetism, MIS 5e, Stratigraphy, Geological Survey Netherlands, STRATIGRAPHY, Eemian, Land-sea correlation, Last interglacial, North Sea Basin, Paleontology, Sea-level change, Southern North Sea Basin, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Chronostratigraphy, 2015 Energy, Netherlands, Earth-Surface Processes, Thermoluminescence dating, Geology, quaternary geology, PE&RC, Geo, Bodemgeografie en Landschap, GM - Geomodelling PG - Petroleum Geosciences, Interglacial, Soil Geography and Landscape, ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences, Quaternary, transgression, Geosciences, Marine transgression
Abstract

Multidisciplinary analysis including paleomagnetic, sedimentologic, sea-level change, luminescence dating and palynologic research was performed on a 25m long orientated core taken at Rutten, close to Eemian key localities in the Netherlands. The main goal of our research was to test a possible delayed onset of temperate conditions in this region compared to Southern Europe, occurring within the Last Interglacial. The sediments revealed the presence of the paleomagnetic Blake Event in ca. 10m of lower-deltaic floodbasin sediments that contain a pollen record covering the Eemian. The position of the Blake Event in relation to the pollen stratigraphy concurs with the earlier studied Neumark Nord 2 site. Paleomagnetic correlation to core MD95-2042 off SW Iberia indicates ca. 5kyr diachroneity between the pollen-based onset of temperate interglacial conditions between northern and southern Europe. The onset of the Eemian in north-western and central Europe (ca. 121.0ka) post-dates the Marine Isotope Stage 6/5e transition by ca. 10kyr. In addition, the Rutten data provide evidence for a relatively long duration of the Blake Event of at least 8kyr. The late onset of the temperate conditions that define the base of the Eemian, imply that NW Europe with the Eemian type area is not the most suited region to define the beginning of the Last Interglacial and Late Pleistocene for global chronostratigraphic use. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2015
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8. Evidence for the Blake Event recorded at the Eemian archaeological site of Caours, France

Author

Sier, M.J., Parés, J.M., Antoine, P., Locht, J.-L., Dekkers, M.J., Limondin-Lozouet, N., Roebroeks, W., NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, Paleomagnetism, NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, Paleomagnetism, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), and Department of Earth Sciences [Utrecht]

Subjects
Marine isotope stage, Eemian, Blake Event, Time lag, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Archaeology, Last Interglacial, Neandertal occupation of Britain, Paleontology, Tufa, Interglacial, Geomagnetic excursion, Geology, Sensu stricto, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Earth-Surface Processes, Palaeolithic
Abstract

A palaeomagnetic study of the Last Interglacial calcareous tufa sequence at the archaeological site of Caours (northern France) identified a geomagnetic excursion that we interpret as the Blake Event. Earlier palaeontological (molluscs, mammals) and geochemical proxy studies at this site allowed recognition of full interglacial conditions prevailing during the deposition of the tufa sequence. The tufa sequence and associated Palaeolithic levels have been dated to the Eemian interglacial by a set of TIMS U/Th measurements on calcitic concretions (average : 123 ± 3 ka). By previous correlations of the Blake Event with the Eemian sensu stricto (as defined in the Netherlands) pollenzones at Neumark Nord 2 (Germany) and Rutten (The Netherlands) it has been shown that the continental Eemian starts after the peak of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e. The identification of the Blake Event at Caours implies a post MIS 5e peak age for all four levels of the Palaeolithic occupation. In perspective of the time lag between the MIS 5e peak and the beginning of the Eemian identified in other studies, it is very likely that during the main occupation of Caours a significant barrier was in place between north western France and Great Britain, in the form of the English Channel. It is possible that the chronological position of the Last Interglacial environments in northwestern Europe in relation to sea-level change is a key factor behind the apparent absence of Last Interglacial Palaeolithic sites in Great Britain.

Published
2015
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11. The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project: inferring the environmental context of human evolution from eastern African rift lake deposits

Author

Cohen, A., Campisano, C., Arrowsmith, R., Asrat, A., Behrensmeyer, A. K., Deino, A., Feibel, C., Hill, A., Johnson, R., Kingston, J., Lamb, H., Lowenstein, T., Noren, A., Olago, D., Owen, R. B., Potts, R., Reed, K., Renaut, R., Schäbitz, F., Tiercelin, J.-J., Trauth, M. H., Wynn, J., Ivory, S., Brady, K., O'Grady, R., Rodysill, J., Githiri, J., Russell, J., Foerster, V., Dommain, R., Rucina, S., Deocampo, D., Billingsley, A., Beck, C., Dorenbeck, G., Dullo, L., Feary, D., Garello, D., Gromig, R., Johnson, T., Junginger, A., Karanja, M., Kimburi, E., Mbuthia, A., Mccartney, T., Mcnulty, E., Muiruri, V., Nambiro, E., Negash, E. W., Njagi, D., Wilson, J. N., Rabideaux, N., Raub, T., Sier, M. J., Smith, P., Urban, J., Warren, M., Yadeta, M., Yost, C., Zinaye, B., Paleomagnetism, NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, University of St Andrews. Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleomagnetism, and NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Outcrop, NDAS, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Context (language use), engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Stone tool, GE, Rift, Mechanical Engineering, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 15. Life on land, 550 Geowissenschaften, lcsh:Geology, Human evolution, Homo sapiens, Paleoanthropology, engineering, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Geology, Rift valley, GE Environmental Sciences
Abstract

The role that climate and environmental history may have played in influencing human evolution has been the focus of considerable interest and controversy among paleoanthropologists for decades. Prior attempts to understand the environmental history side of this equation have centered around the study of outcrop sediments and fossils adjacent to where fossil hominins (ancestors or close relatives of modern humans) are found, or from the study of deep sea drill cores. However, outcrop sediments are often highly weathered and thus are unsuitable for some types of paleoclimatic records, and deep sea core records come from long distances away from the actual fossil and stone tool remains. The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP) was developed to address these issues. The project has focused its efforts on the eastern African Rift Valley, where much of the evidence for early hominins has been recovered. We have collected about 2 km of sediment drill core from six basins in Kenya and Ethiopia, in lake deposits immediately adjacent to important fossil hominin and archaeological sites. Collectively these cores cover in time many of the key transitions and critical intervals in human evolutionary history over the last 4 Ma, such as the earliest stone tools, the origin of our own genus Homo, and the earliest anatomically modern Homo sapiens. Here we document the initial field, physical property, and core description results of the 2012-2014 HSPDP coring campaign., Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 611

Published
2016

12. The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project: inferring the environmental context of human evolution from eastern African rift lake deposits

Author

Paleomagnetism, NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, Cohen, A., Campisano, C., Arrowsmith, R., Asrat, A., Behrensmeyer, A. K., Deino, A., Feibel, C., Hill, A., Johnson, R., Kingston, J., Lamb, H., Lowenstein, T., Noren, A., Olago, D., Owen, R. B., Potts, R., Reed, K., Renaut, R., Schäbitz, F., Tiercelin, J.-J., Trauth, M. H., Wynn, J., Ivory, S., Brady, K., O'Grady, R., Rodysill, J., Githiri, J., Russell, J., Foerster, V., Dommain, R., Rucina, S., Deocampo, D., Billingsley, A., Beck, C., Dorenbeck, G., Dullo, L., Feary, D., Garello, D., Gromig, R., Johnson, T., Junginger, A., Karanja, M., Kimburi, E., Mbuthia, A., Mccartney, T., Mcnulty, E., Muiruri, V., Nambiro, E., Negash, E. W., Njagi, D., Wilson, J. N., Rabideaux, N., Raub, T., Sier, M. J., Smith, P., Urban, J., Warren, M., Yadeta, M., Yost, C., Zinaye, B., Paleomagnetism, NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, Cohen, A., Campisano, C., Arrowsmith, R., Asrat, A., Behrensmeyer, A. K., Deino, A., Feibel, C., Hill, A., Johnson, R., Kingston, J., Lamb, H., Lowenstein, T., Noren, A., Olago, D., Owen, R. B., Potts, R., Reed, K., Renaut, R., Schäbitz, F., Tiercelin, J.-J., Trauth, M. H., Wynn, J., Ivory, S., Brady, K., O'Grady, R., Rodysill, J., Githiri, J., Russell, J., Foerster, V., Dommain, R., Rucina, S., Deocampo, D., Billingsley, A., Beck, C., Dorenbeck, G., Dullo, L., Feary, D., Garello, D., Gromig, R., Johnson, T., Junginger, A., Karanja, M., Kimburi, E., Mbuthia, A., Mccartney, T., Mcnulty, E., Muiruri, V., Nambiro, E., Negash, E. W., Njagi, D., Wilson, J. N., Rabideaux, N., Raub, T., Sier, M. J., Smith, P., Urban, J., Warren, M., Yadeta, M., Yost, C., and Zinaye, B.

Published
2016

15. On the variability of the Dmanisi mandibles

Author

Bermúdez De Castro, J.M., Martinón-Torres, M., Sier, M.J., Martín-Francés, L., NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, and Paleomagnetism

Subjects
Anatomy and Physiology, Taphonomy, Vertebrate Paleontology, Olduvai Gorge, Zoology, lcsh:Medicine, Mandible, Georgia (Republic), Mandible (arthropod mouthpart), Species Specificity, medicine, Animals, Bone, lcsh:Science, Biology, Musculoskeletal System, Ecological niche, Evolutionary Biology, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, biology, Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Fossils, lcsh:R, Paleontology, Hominidae, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Skull, medicine.anatomical_structure, Human evolution, Evolutionary Ecology, Paleoanthropology, lcsh:Q, Paleoecology, Paleobiology, Adaptation, Research Article, Developmental Biology
Abstract

The description of a new skull (D4500) from the Dmanisi site (Republic of Georgia) has reopened the debate about the morphological variability within the genus Homo. The new skull fits with a mandible (D2600) often referred as ‘big’ or ‘enigmatic’ because of its differences with the other Dmanisi mandibles (D211 and D2735). In this report we present a comparative study of the variability of the Dmanisi mandibles under a different perspective, as we focus in morphological aspects related to growth and development. We have followed the notion of modularity and phenotypic integration in order to understand the architectural differences observed within the sample. Our study reveals remarkable shape differences between D2600 and the other two mandibles, that are established early in the ontogeny (during childhood or even before) and that do not depend on size or sexual dimorphism. In addition, D2600 exhibits a mosaic of primitive and derived features regarding the Homo clade, which is absent in D211 and D2735. This mosaic expression is related to the location of the features and can be explained under the concept of modularity. Our study would support the possibility of two different paleodemes represented at the Dmanisi site. This hypothesis has been previously rejected on the basis that all the individuals were constrained in the same stratigraphic and taphonomic settings. However, our revision of the complex Dmanisi stratigraphy suggests that the accumulation could cover an undetermined period of time. Even if ‘‘short’’ in geological terms, the hominin accumulation was not necessarily synchronic. In the same line we discard that the differences between D2600 and the small mandibles are consequence of wear-related dentoalveolar remodeling. In addition, dental wear pattern of D2600 could suggest an adaptation to a different ecological niche than the other Dmanisi individuals.

Published
2014

16. The earliest unequivocally modern humans in southern China

Author

NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, Paleomagnetism, Liu, Wu, Martinón-Torres, María, Cai, Yan-Jun, Xing, Song, Tong, Hao-Wen, Pei, Shu-Wen, Sier, Mark Jan, Wu, Xiao-Hong, Edwards, R Lawrence, Cheng, Hai, Li, Yi-Yuan, Yang, Xiong-Xin, de Castro, José María Bermúdez, Wu, Xiu-Jie, NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, Paleomagnetism, Liu, Wu, Martinón-Torres, María, Cai, Yan-Jun, Xing, Song, Tong, Hao-Wen, Pei, Shu-Wen, Sier, Mark Jan, Wu, Xiao-Hong, Edwards, R Lawrence, Cheng, Hai, Li, Yi-Yuan, Yang, Xiong-Xin, de Castro, José María Bermúdez, and Wu, Xiu-Jie

Published
2015

17. The Blake Event recorded near the Eemian type locality - A diachronic onset of the Eemian in Europe

Author

Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Paleomagnetism, Geomorfologie, NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, Sier, M.J., Peeters, J., Dekkers, M., Pares, J.M., Chang, L., Busschers, F.S., Cohen, K.M., Wallinga, J., Bunnik, F.P.M., Roebroeks, W., Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Paleomagnetism, Geomorfologie, NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, Sier, M.J., Peeters, J., Dekkers, M., Pares, J.M., Chang, L., Busschers, F.S., Cohen, K.M., Wallinga, J., Bunnik, F.P.M., and Roebroeks, W.

Published
2015

18. Evidence for the Blake Event recorded at the Eemian archaeological site of Caours, France

Author

NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, Paleomagnetism, Sier, M.J., Parés, J.M., Antoine, P., Locht, J.-L., Dekkers, M.J., Limondin-Lozouet, N., Roebroeks, W., NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, Paleomagnetism, Sier, M.J., Parés, J.M., Antoine, P., Locht, J.-L., Dekkers, M.J., Limondin-Lozouet, N., and Roebroeks, W.

Published
2015

19. Een late start van het Eemien in Noordwest_Europa?

Author

NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, Paleomagnetism, Sier, M., NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, Paleomagnetism, and Sier, M.

Published
2014

20. On the variability of the dmanisi mandibles

Author

NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, Paleomagnetism, Bermúdez De Castro, J.M., Martinón-Torres, M., Sier, M.J., Martín-Francés, L., NWO-ALW Open: Climate impact on human evolution: age calibration of hominin sites and paleolakes drilling project, Paleomagnetism, Bermúdez De Castro, J.M., Martinón-Torres, M., Sier, M.J., and Martín-Francés, L.

Published
2014

21. A Discrete Events Delay Differential System Model for Transmission of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) in Hospitals

Author

ARIZONA STATE UNIV TEMPE SCHOOL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE, Ortiz, A R, Banks, H T, Castillo-Chavez, C, Chowell, G, Wang, X, ARIZONA STATE UNIV TEMPE SCHOOL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE, Ortiz, A R, Banks, H T, Castillo-Chavez, C, Chowell, G, and Wang, X

Abstract

Surveillance data from an oncology hospital unit on Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), one of the most prevalent and dangerous pathogens involved in hospital infections, is used to motivate possibilities of modeling nosocomial infection dynamics. This is done in the context of hospital monitoring and isolation procedures as a prelude to the evaluation and improved design of control measures. A discrete event delay differential equation model in conjunction with statistical computational methods is formulated to estimate key population-level nosocomial transmission parameters and isolation procedures. This framework is used to test the surveillance data's usefulness in model validation. In the process of model calibration we discovered significant irregularities in the available surveillance data; these irregularities are most likely the result of the data observational recording process as well as those in the isolation procedures. Efforts to fit data within our highly flexible dynamic-modeling framework suggest that clinical-trial level surveillance data is needed if one is to successfully develop quantitative models for disease transmission and intervention. It is concluded that typical cold data sets typically encountered in biological/sociological quantitative modeling efforts may be inadequate for support of serious model development., Prepared in cooperation with Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Published
2010

22. Using SXRF and LA-ICP-TOFMS to explore evidence of treatment and physiological responses to leprosy in medieval Denmark

Author

Anastasia Brozou, Marcello A. Mannino, Stijn J. M. Van Malderen, Jan Garrevoet, Eric Pubert, Benjamin T. Fuller, M. Christopher Dean, Thomas Colard, Frédéric Santos, Niels Lynnerup, Jesper L. Boldsen, Marie Louise Jørkov, Andrei Dorian Soficaru, Laszlo Vincze, Adeline Le Cabec, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Department of Chemistry, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology [University College of London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Lille, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, ‘Francisc I. Rainer’ Institute of Anthropology, Romanian Academy, Department of Chemistry, X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging Research Group (XMI), Ghent University, Department of Human Evolution, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, and GPR 'Human Past'

Subjects
lead, mineral imbalances, calcium, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, General Immunology and Microbiology, dental tissues, zinc, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, leprosy treatment, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease, leads to blood mineral imbalances: low levels of zinc, calcium, magnesium, and iron and high levels of copper. Interestingly, in late medieval Europe, minerals were used to treat leprosy. We investigated physiological responses to leprosy and possible evidence of treatment in dental tissues of leprosy sufferers from medieval Denmark and early 20th century Romania when multidrug therapy was not then yet invented. Using Synchrotron Fluorescence (SXRF) and laser ablation (LA-ICP-TOFMS), we show marked covariations in the zinc, calcium, and magnesium distributions, which are compatible with clinical studies but cannot be directly attributed to leprosy. Minerals used historically as a treatment for leprosy show no detectable intake (arsenic, mercury) or a diffuse distribution (lead) related to the daily consumption of contaminated water and food. Intense lead enrichments indicate acute incorporations, potentially through the administration of lead-enriched medication or the mobilization of lead from bone stores to the bloodstream during intense physiological stress related to leprosy. However, comparisons with a healthy control group are needed to ascertain these interpretations. The positive correlations and the patterns observed between lead and essential elements may indicate underlying pathophysiological conditions, demonstrating the potential of the two techniques for investigating diseases in past populations.

Published
2023
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23. Les sinus frontaux au cours de l’évolution humaine

Author

Balzeau, Antoine, Albessard-Ball, Lou, Kubicka, Anna Maria, Filippo, Andréa, Beaudet, Amélie, Santos, Elena, Bienvenu, Thibault, Arsuaga, Juan-Luis, Bartsiokas, Antonis, Berger, Lee, Bermúdez de Castro, José María, Brunet, Michel, Carlson, Kristian J., Daura, Joan, Gorgoulis, Vassilis G., Grine, Frederick E., Harvati, Katerina, Hawks, John, Herries, Andy, Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Martin, Jesse, Martinón-Torres, Maria, May, Hila, Mounier, Aurélien, Du Plessis, Anton, Rae, Todd, Röding, Carolin, Sanz, Montserrat, Semal, Patrick, Stratford, Dominic, Stringer, Chris, Tawane, Mirriam, Temming, Heiko, Tsoukala, Evangelia, Zilhão, João, Zipfel, Bernhard, Buck, Laura T., Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Poznan University of Life Sciences (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu) (PULS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), James Cook University (JCU), Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Department of Anthropology [University College of London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Laboratoire de paléontologie, évolution, paléoécosystèmes, paléoprimatologie (PALEVOPRIM ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), University of Athens Medical School [Athens], Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School [Dundee], Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health [Manchester, UK], University of Manchester [Manchester], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Earth Ocean and Ecological Sciences [Liverpool], University of Liverpool, Collège de France - Chaire Paléoanthropologie, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Turkana Basin Institute, University of Roehampton, United Kingdom, UNIARQ, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Archaeology, School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, (GAES), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, School of Geology, Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), and Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa (UNIARQ)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2023
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24. Impact of claudin‐10 deficiency on amelogenesis: Lesson from a HELIX tooth

Author

Nicolas Obtel, Adeline Le Cabec, Thè Nghia Nguyen, Eloise Giabicani, Stijn J. M. Van Malderen, Jan Garrevoet, Aline Percot, Céline Paris, Christopher Dean, Smail Hadj‐Rabia, Pascal Houillier, Tilman Breiderhoff, Claire Bardet, Thibaud Coradin, Fernando Ramirez Rozzi, Catherine Chaussain, Bouchet, Jérôme, Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies oro-faciales (URP 2496), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service d'Odontologie [Bretonneau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bretonneau, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), De la Molécule aux Nanos-objets : Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies (MONARIS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University College of London [London] (UCL), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), AP-HP Services de médecine bucco-dentaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires Bretonneau (CRMR phosphore et calcium, filière OSCAR et ERN Bond) and Charles Foix, FHU DDS-net, Ile de France, France, Department of Human Evolution, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, CNRS ERL 8228, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte [CHU-Necker] (MARHEA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Grant/Award Number: T-JUST program (ANR-17CE14-0032-02), Université de Bordeaux: IdEx 'Investments for the Future' Program / GPR 'Human Past', Max Planck Society, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], General Neuroscience, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, enamel, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Xerostomia, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Tight Junctions, Electrolytes, History and Philosophy of Science, Amelogenesis, Strontium, apatite, renal dysfunction, Claudins, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Claudin-3, Humans, Female, ddc:500, Claudin-4, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1516(1), 197-211 (2022). doi:10.1111/nyas.14865, In epithelia, claudin proteins are important components of the tight junctions as they determine the permeability and specificity to ions of the paracellular pathway. Mutations in CLDN10 cause the rare autosomal recessive HELIX syndrome (Hypohidrosis, Electrolyte imbalance, Lacrimal gland dysfunction, Ichthyosis, and Xerostomia), in which patients display severe enamel wear. Here, we assess whether this enamel wear is caused by an innate fragility directly related to claudin-10 deficiency in addition to xerostomia. A third molar collected from a female HELIX patient was analyzed by a combination of microanatomical and physicochemical approaches (i.e., electron microscopy, elemental mapping, Raman microspectroscopy, and synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence). The enamel morphology, formation time, organization, and microstructure appeared to be within the natural variability. However, we identified accentuated strontium variations within the HELIX enamel, with alternating enrichments and depletions following the direction of the periodical striae of Retzius. These markings were also present in dentin. These data suggest that the enamel wear associated with HELIX may not be related to a disruption of enamel microstructure but rather to xerostomia. However, the occurrence of events of strontium variations within dental tissues might indicate repeated episodes of worsening of the renal dysfunction that may require further investigations., Published by New York Acad. of Sciences, New York, NY

Published
2022
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25. Early Middle Stone Age personal ornaments from Bizmoune Cave, Essaouira, Morocco

Author

Benoit Longet, Abdelmoughit Laissaoui, Fatima-Zohra Rafi, Philippe Fernandez, Moncef Benmansour, Edward J. Rhodes, Susan M. Mentzer, Amy Clark, Ismail Ziani, Kayla Worthey, François Lanoë, Mary C. Stiner, Abdeljalil Bouzouggar, Youssef Djellal, Dirk L. Hoffmann, Mohammed Mouhiddine, Alexa Benson, Matthew Pailes, Steven L. Kuhn, Debra Colarossi, Noufel Ghayati, Ismael Sánchez-Morales, El Mehdi Sehasseh, Jacob Morales, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Paloma Vidal-Matutano, Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine [INSAP] - Rabat, Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), University of Arizona, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Anthropology [Havard University], Harvard University [Cambridge], University of Oklahoma (OU), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Department of Geography, The University of Sheffield, University of California, Centre National de l'Energie des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Universidad de Cadiz, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC), Programme PASSAGE (International Emerging Action-CNRS), Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP, Rabat, Maroc), Université de Sheffield (Royaume-Uni), Université d'Arizona (Tucson, USA), ChroMed (N°ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02, N°10-LABX-0090), Université Hassan II Casablanca-Mohammedia (Maroc), Centre National de l'Energie des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN, Maroc), département d’Anthropologie de l’Université d’Harvard (Etats-Unis), Institut Max Planck d'anthropologie évolutive de Leipzig (Allemagne), Université de Tübingen (Allemagne), Université de Las Palmas (Espagne), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Harvard University, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Sheffield [Sheffield], and University of California (UC)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Pleistocene, 01 natural sciences, Social and Interdisciplinary Sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Cultural continuity, Cave, Contextual information, 0601 history and archaeology, Middle Stone Age, Symbolic behavior, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, 060101 anthropology, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, SciAdv r-articles, Ornaments, Bizmoune Cave, 06 humanities and the arts, Tritia gibbosula, Archaeology, Homo sapiens, Anthropology, personal ornaments, Early Middle Stone Age, Research Article
Abstract

Description, Shell beads from Bizmoune Cave (Morocco) show the early appearance and continuity of symbolic behavior among early Homo sapiens., Ornaments such as beads are among the earliest signs of symbolic behavior among human ancestors. Their appearance signals important developments in both cognition and social relations. This paper describes and presents contextual information for 33 shell beads from Bizmoune Cave (southwest Morocco). Many of the beads come as deposits dating to ≥142 thousand years, making them the oldest shell beads yet recovered. They extend the dates for the first appearance of this behavior into the late Middle Pleistocene. The ages and ubiquity of beads in Middle Stone Age (MSA) sites in North Africa provide further evidence of the potential importance of these artifacts as signals of identity. The early and continued use of Tritia gibbosula and other material culture traits also suggest a remarkable degree of cultural continuity among early MSA Homo sapiens groups across North Africa.

Published
2021
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26. The new 14 C chronology for the Palaeolithic site of La Ferrassie, France: the disappearance of Neanderthals and the arrival of Homo sapiens in France

Author

Vera Aldeias, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Raquel Maria, Laurent Chiotti, Teresa E. Steele, Shannon P. McPherron, Alain Turq, Sahra Talamo, Guillaume Guérin, Dennis Sandgathe, Paul Goldberg, Stéphane Madelaine, Harold L. Dibble, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), FID GEO, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Talamo S., Aldeias V., Goldberg P., Chiotti L., Dibble H.L., Guerin G., Hublin J.-J., Madelaine S., Maria R., Sandgathe D., Steele T.E., Turq A., Mcpherron S.J.P., Aldeias, V., 1 Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Deutscher Platz 6 Leipzig 04103 Germany, Goldberg, P., 4 CAS, SEALS, University of Wollongong Northfields Avenue Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia, Chiotti, L., 6 Département Homme et Environnement Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7194 du CNRS Abri Pataud, 24620 Les Eyzies‐de‐Tayac France, Dibble, H. L., Guérin, G., 9 IRAMAT‐CRP2A, UMR 5060 CNRS ‐ Université Bordeaux Montaigne e Maison de l'archéologie Esplanade des Antilles Pessac 33600 France, Hublin, J.‐J., Madelaine, S., 11 Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication PACEA UMR 5199, Allée Geoffroy Saint‐Hilaire, FR‐ Pessac 33615 France, Maria, R., Sandgathe, D., 14 Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada, Steele, T. E., Turq, A., Mcpherron, S. J. P., Department of Human Evolution, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, Archaeology Department, Boston University [Boston] (BU), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège de France - Chaire internationale Paléoanthropologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Musée National de Préhistoire, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Neanderthal, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Sequence (geology), human evolution, La Ferrassie, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), law, biology.animal, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Radiocarbon dating, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chronology, Human evolution, Palaeolithic, biology, 569.9, Paleontology, chronology, Archaeology, Radiocarbon, [STAT]Statistics [stat], Geography, Homo sapiens, Châtelperronian, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, radiocarbon, Aurignacian
Abstract

The grand abri at La Ferrassie (France) has been a key site for Palaeolithic research since the early part of the 20th century. It became the eponymous site for one variant of Middle Palaeolithic stone tools, and its sequence was used to define stages of the Aurignacian, an early phase of the Upper Palaeolithic. Several Neanderthal remains, including two relatively intact skeletons, make it one of the most important sites for the study of Neanderthal morphology and one of the more important data sets when discussing the Neanderthal treatment of the dead. However, the site has remained essentially undated. Our goal here is to provide a robust chronological framework of the La Ferrassie sequence to be used for broad regional models about human behaviour during the late Middle to Upper Palaeolithic periods. To achieve this goal, we used a combination of modern excavation methods, extensive geoarchaeological analyses, and radiocarbon dating. If we accept that Neanderthals were responsible for the Châtelperronian, then our results suggest an overlap of ca. 1600 years with the newly arrived Homo sapiens found elsewhere in France., Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

Published
2020
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27. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping of Ca, Sr and Zn at the neonatal line in human deciduous teeth reflects changing perinatal physiology

Author

M. Christopher Dean, Kathryn Spiers, Jan Garrevoet, Adeline Le Cabec, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College of London [London] (UCL), Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Molar, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Transmitted light, X-ray fluorescence, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Fluorescence, law.invention, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, stomatognathic system, Pregnancy, law, Deciduous teeth, medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, ddc:610, Tooth, Deciduous, General Dentistry, Enamel paint, Chemistry, X-Rays, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Infant, Newborn, 030206 dentistry, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Neonatal line, Synchrotron, Zinc, stomatognathic diseases, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Deciduous, Otorhinolaryngology, Strontium, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Calcium, Female, Synchrotrons
Abstract

Archives of oral biology 104, 90 - 102 (2019). doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.024, Objectives: Our first objective was to review the evidence describing the appearance and microstructure of theneonatal line in human deciduous teeth and to link this with known changes in neonatal physiology occurring atand around birth. A second objective was to explore ways to improve identification of the neonatal line bymapping the pre- and postnatal distribution of Ca, Sr and Zn in deciduous cuspal enamel and superimposingthese maps onto transmitted light micrographs that included a clear true section of the neonatal line.Materials and methods: We used synchrotron X-ray fluorescence to map elemental distributions in pre- andpostnatal enamel and dentine. Two deciduous canines and 5 deciduous molars were scanned with an X-ray beammonochromatised to 17.0 keV at either 10.0, 2.5 or 1.0 μm resolution and 10 ms integration time.Results: Calcium maps distinguished enamel and dentine but did not clearly demarcate tissues formed pre- orpostnatally. Strontium maps reflected presumed pre- and postnatal maternal serum levels and what are likely tobe diet-dependent regions of Sr enrichment or depletion. Prenatal Zn maps, particularly for dentine, mirrorelevated levels in the fetus and in colostrum during the first few days of life.Conclusions: The neonatal line, enamel dentine junction and surface enamel were all Zn-rich. Within the neonatalline Zn may be associated with increased crystallinity but also with caries resistance, both of which havebeen reported previously. Elemental mapping may improve the identification of ambiguous NNLs and so beuseful in forensic and archaeological studies., Published by Elsevier Science, Amsterdam [u.a.]

Published
2019
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28. Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance

Author

Juan C. Chacon-Duque, Hugo Villamil-Ramírez, Giovanni Poletti, Samuel Canizales-Quinteros, Mirsha Quinto-Sánchez, Maria Cátira Bortolini, Maria-Laura Parolin, Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo, Francisco Rothhammer, Rolando González-José, Valeria Villegas, Francisco Mauro Salzano, Javier Mendoza-Revilla, Verónica Gomes, Caio Cesar Silva de Cerqueira, Cheryl A. Winkler, José R. Sandoval, Carla Gallo, Elena Llop, Rosenda I. Peñaloza-Espinosa, Vanessa Granja, Daniel Corach, Lavinia Schuler-Faccini, Yali Xue, Garrett Hellenthal, Mercedes Villena, Virginia Ramallo, Victor Acuña-Alonzo, Gabriel Bedoya, Paola Everardo Martínez, Karla Sandoval, Andres Ruiz-Linares, David J. Balding, Claudio M. Bravi, Pedro Moral, Jean-Michel Dugoujon, Tábita Hünemeier, António Amorim, Malena Hurtado, Kaustubh Adhikari, René Vasquez, Julio Molina, Leonor Gusmão, Ramiro Barrantes, Carlos Resende, Jorge Gómez-Valdés, Alberto Salazar-Granara, Héctor Rangel-Villalobos, William Klitz, Rodrigo Barquera, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropologia y Historia, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS)-Instituto de Biociencias, Instituto Boliviano de Biologıa de la Altura, Universidad Autonoma Tomas Frias, Facultad de Medicina & Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca-Universidade de Chile, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular [La Plata] (IMBICE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP)-Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas [Buenos Aires] (CIC), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas [Buenos Aires], Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica [Buenos Aires] (FFYB), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Escuela de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Population Genetics, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Human Evolution, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Barcelona, Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán - National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran [Mexico], Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia [Medellín, Colombia], University College of London [London] (UCL), Dept of Genetics, Evolution and Environment [London] (UCL-GEE), Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
haplotype, Latin Americans, Biología, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.03.00 [https], Human physical appearance, Colonialism, migration, CONVERSO JEWS, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Genética y Herencia, 0302 clinical medicine, genetics, Nose / anatomy & histology, East mediterranean, lcsh:Science, 0303 health sciences, Genealogy, Geography, Indians, South American / genetics, American Indian, Genetic structure, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Latin americans, Science, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.03 [https], Human Migration, Nose, Article, Ciencias Biológicas, 03 medical and health sciences, Indians, North American / genetics, parasitic diseases, Humans, human, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Mexico, Historical record, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Indians, South American, ANCESTRY INFORMATIVE, Environmental adaptation, South America, Converso jews, LATIN AMERICANS, Haplotypes, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Ancestry informative, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.04.00 [https], Indians, North American, lcsh:Q, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, anatomy and histology
Abstract

Historical records and genetic analyses indicate that Latin Americans trace their ancestry mainly to the intermixing (admixture) of Native Americans, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. Using novel haplotype-based methods, here we infer sub-continental ancestry in over 6,500 Latin Americans and evaluate the impact of regional ancestry variation on physical appearance. We find that Native American ancestry components in Latin Americans correspond geographically to the present-day genetic structure of Native groups, and that sources of non-Native ancestry, and admixture timings, match documented migratory flows. We also detect South/East Mediterranean ancestry across Latin America, probably stemming mostly from the clandestine colonial migration of Christian converts of non-European origin (Conversos). Furthermore, we find that ancestry related to highland (Central Andean) versus lowland (Mapuche) Natives is associated with variation in facial features, particularly nose morphology, and detect significant differences in allele frequencies between these groups at loci previously associated with nose morphology in this sample., Latin Americans trace their ancestry to the admixture of Native Americans, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. Here, the authors develop a novel haplotype-based approach and analyse over 6,500 Latin Americans to infer the geographically-detailed genetic structure of this population.

Published
2018
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29. Contextes et âge des nouveaux restes dentaires humains du Pléistocène moyen de la carrière Thomas I à Casablanca (Maroc)

Author

Fatima-Zohra Sbihi-Alaoui, Mehdi Zouak, M. El Graoui, Abderrahim Mohib, Rainer Grün, Stephen Eggins, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Saïda Hossini, Tanya M. Smith, Jean Pierre Texier, Edward J. Rhodes, Jean-Paul Raynal, Paul Tafforeau, Henry P. Schwarcz, D. Geraads, Alain Queffelec, David Lefevre, R. Gallotti, Paul Fernandes, Camille Daujeard, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Dynamique de l'évolution humaine : individus, populations, espèces [Paris] (DEHIPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Anthropology [Havard University], Harvard University [Cambridge], Laboratoire de géobiologie, biochronologie et paléontologie humaine (LGBPH), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Research School of Earth Sciences and Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University (ANU), Department of Environmental & Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Faculté des Sciences, Département de Géologie, Université Moulay Ismail (UMI), Scholl of Geography and Earth Sciences, Mc Master University, Région Aquitaine conventions 20071403002 et 20081403002 projets Origines et Origines II, Ministère des affaires étrangère et européennes, Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute Leipzig., Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Moulay Ismail (UMI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Hominids, Middle Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, media_common.quotation_subject, North africa, Casablanca, Pléistocène moyen, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Maroc, Casablanca, Pléistocène moyen, Acheuléen, Hominidés, datation ICP-MS, datation ICP-MS, Hominidés, Acheuléen, Maroc, 0601 history and archaeology, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Acheuéen, 060102 archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, Art, ICP-MS dating, Morocco, ICPMS dating, Acheulean, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Humanities
Abstract

Contexts and age of the new dental human fossils from Middle Pleistocene deposits at Thomas Quarry I (Casablanca, Morocco) – The Thomas Quarry I locality became famous in 1969 with the discovery of a human half-mandible in a cave. From 1988 onwards, modern controlled excavations took place within the framework of the Franco-Moroccan co-operative project “ Casablanca.” The stratigraphy of Thomas I Quarry is complex and represents several major episodes of coastal sedimentation that are dated to the final Lower and early Middle Pleistocene on the basis of a detailed regional lithostratigraphical and microfaciological study and form the Oulad Hamida Morpho-stratigraphic Unit. Within this MSU, some lithostratigraphic units fossilize a polyphase palaeo-shoreline in which caves have developed. A continental sediment series dated to the Middle and Upper Pleistocene on lithostratigraphical and biochronological evidence and by OSL is preserved in the Hominid Cave (GH). The top of the GH general stratigraphy shows a red complex with abundant microfauna (stratigraphic unit 1). Below this, a multilayer dripstone floor interbedded with loose red sands (stratigraphic units 2-3) caps the lower stratigraphic units (4 and 5). Stratigraphic unit 4 contains artefacts, fauna and hominid fossils and rests on collapsed eolianite blocks imbedded in coarse sands which form stratigraphic unit 5 ; this lowermost intertidal unit fossilizes a notch in the polyphase shoreline. The Acheulean lithic assemblage recovered by recent excavations in GH stratigraphic unit 4 is similar to the series collected at the time of the discovery of the first Homo fossil in 1969. It is manufactured mainly on various quartzites available close to the site as pebbles of small to medium size and some blocks as well as a few flint nodules collected in a secondary position from beach deposits. The flint nodules derive from the phosphatic plateau of the Meseta hinterland and were carried to the ocean by wadis. The assemblage consists of chopper-cores (mainly unifacial unidirectional cores with a retouched cutting edge) and cores, semi-cortical flakes obtained by direct and bipolar knapping, along with rare handaxes made from large flakes or from flat pebbles, handaxe-like cores, hammerstones and anvils. Stone knapping was mainly oriented towards flake production and a few handaxes were probably imported to the site. A rich mammalian macrofauna supplemented by the addition of a few reptiles and birds is associated with the lithics in GH stratigraphic unit 4. The abundance and diversity of carnivores attest to their use of the cave. The most common species is a middle-size canid, with enlarged crushing part of the dentition. The fauna indicates an open woodland environment and suggests an age younger than Tighenif in Algeria, but the remoteness of this latter site, its distance from the seashore, and the fact that it is an open-air site may account for some of the differences. Preliminary taphonomic analysis of the megafauna indicates that the carcasses were processed by carnivores. Cut-marks are still absent from this assemblage despite the association with refitted lithic artefacts, which raises the question of any human role in the bone accumulations. Similar cases of accumulations created by humans, carnivores and porcupines have already been described in the Mediterranean area. However, the studied assemblage comes from inside the cave, whereas any human occupation may well have been concentrated closer to the entrance. Geological studies have demonstrated that unit 4 containing the assemblage results from several sedimentary processes having possibly mixed artefacts with bones previously accumulated by predators. Between 1994 and 2005, four teeth of Homo were recovered in stratigraphic unit 4, a right upper premolar (ThI 94 OA 23-24), another right upper premolar (ThI 95 SA 26 no 89), a first left upper incisor (ThI 95 SA 26 no 90) and a left upper premolar (ThI 2005 PA 24 no 107). The teeth are larger than those of modern humans and show moderate to heavy wear Laser ablation ICP-MS dating combining tESR and U-series data for modelling U-uptake has given an US/ ESR age of 501 ka for a human premolar while new OSL measurements yielded an age of 420 ± 34 ka for sediments immediately above the dated tooth and 391 ± 32 ka below. Nevertheless, biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy point to greater antiquity, towards the base of the Middle Pleistocene. + 94 − 76, Un outillage lithique acheuléen, une riche faune du Pléistocène moyen et quatre dents d’hominidés ont été extraites du remplissage de la cavité de la carrière Thomas I, célèbre depuis la découverte en 1969 d’une hémimandibule humaine. Depuis 1988, des fouilles sont conduites dans ce site dans le cadre du programme franco-marocain «Casablanca » . Une riche faune mammalienne et quelques restes de reptiles et d’oiseaux sont associés à l’industrie lithique dans l’unité stratigraphique 4. La faune, introduite par les carnivores, indique un paysage peu boisé et le stade évolutif des divers taxons suggère un âge plus récent que celui de Tighenif (Algérie). Les marques de découpe sont absentes, ce qui pose la question du rôle des hominidés dans l’accumulation des restes fauniques. Le travail de la pierre était orienté vers la production d’éclats et de rares bifaces ont été introduits dans cette partie du site. Quatre dents humaines ont été exhumées entre 1994 et 2005. La datation ICP-MS par ablation laser combinant l’ESR et les séries de l’Uranium pour modéliser l’enrichissement en Uranium a été appliquée à une prémolaire humaine : elle a fourni un âge de 501 k a . De nouvelles mesures d’âge par OSL sur les sédiments encadrant la dent datée ont respectivement donné 420 ± 34 ka au dessus et 391 ± 32 ka en dessous confirmant un âge minimum centré sur une période relativement ancienne du Pléistocène moyen. + 94 − 76, Raynal Jean-Paul, Sbihi-Alaoui Fatima Zohra, Mohib Abderrahim, El Graoui Mohssine, Lefèvre David, Texier Jean-Pierre, Geraads Denis, Hublin Jean-Jacques, Smith Tanya, Tafforeau Paul, Zouak Mehdi, Grün Rainer, Rhodes Edward J., Eggins Stephen, Daujeard Camille, Fernandes Paul, Gallotti Rosalia, Hossini Saïda, Schwarcz Henry P., Queffelec Alain. Contextes et âge des nouveaux restes dentaires humains du Pléistocène moyen de la carrière Thomas I à Casablanca (Maroc). In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 108, n°4, 2011. pp. 645-669.

Published
2011
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30. The fluvial architecture of buried floodplain sediments of the Weiße Elster River (Germany) revealed by a novel method combination of drill cores with two‐dimensional and spatially resolved geophysical measurements

Author

Hans Suchodoletz, Marco Pohle, Azra Khosravichenar, Mathias Ulrich, Michael Hein, Christian Tinapp, Jonathan Schultz, Helen Ballasus, Ulrich Veit, Peter Ettel, Lukas Werther, Christoph Zielhofer, Ulrike Werban, Pohle, Marco, 2 Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Leipzig Leipzig Germany, Khosravichenar, Azra, 3 Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany, Ulrich, Mathias, 1 Institute of Geography Leipzig University Leipzig Germany, Hein, Michael, Tinapp, Christian, 4 Saxonian Archeological Heritage Office Dresden Germany, Schultz, Jonathan, Ballasus, Helen, Veit, Ulrich, 5 Historical Seminar Leipzig University Leipzig Germany, Ettel, Peter, 6 Seminar for Prehistoric and Early Archeology Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany, Werther, Lukas, 7 Institute of Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Archaeology Tübingen University Tübingen Germany, Zielhofer, Christoph, and Werban, Ulrike

Subjects
Geography, Planning and Development, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), ddc:551.35, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

The complex and non‐linear fluvial river dynamics are characterized by repeated periods of fluvial erosion and re‐deposition in different parts of the floodplain. Understanding the fluvial architecture (i.e. the three‐dimensional arrangement and genetic interconnectedness of different sediment types) is therefore fundamental to obtain well‐based information about controlling factors. However, investigating the fluvial architecture in buried floodplain deposits without natural exposures is challenging. We studied the fluvial architecture of the middle Weiße Elster floodplain in Central Germany, an extraordinary long‐standing archive of Holocene flooding and landscape changes in sensitive loess‐covered Central European landscapes. We applied a novel systematic approach by coupling two‐dimensional transects of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements and closely spaced core drillings with spatially resolved measurements of electromagnetic induction (EMI) of larger floodplain areas at three study sites. This allowed for (i) time and cost‐efficient core drillings based on preceding ERT measurements and (ii) spatially scaling up the main elements of the fluvial architecture, such as the distribution of thick silt‐clay overbank deposits and paleochannel patterns from the floodplain transects to larger surrounding areas. We found that fine‐grained sand and silt‐clay overbank deposits overlying basal gravels were deposited during several periods of intensive flooding. Those were separated from each other by periods of reduced flooding, allowing soil formation. However, the overbank deposits were severely laterally eroded before and during each sedimentation period. This was probably linked with pronounced meandering or even braiding of the river. Our preliminary chronological classification suggests that first fine‐grained sedimentation must have occurred during the Early to Middle Holocene, and the last phase of lateral erosion and sedimentation during the Little Ice Age. Our study demonstrates the high archive potential of the buried fluvial sediments of the middle Weiße Elster floodplain and provides a promising time and cost‐effective approach for future studies of buried floodplain sediments., We applied a novel time and cost‐efficient systematic approach to study the architecture of buried floodplain sediments of the Weiße Elster River in Germany by coupling two‐dimensional transects of Electrical Resistivity Measurements and closely spaced core drillings with spatially resolved measurements of Electromagnetic Induction of larger floodplain areas. We found that fine‐grained overbank deposits deposited during several periods of intensive flooding were severely laterally eroded before and during each following sedimentation period probably linked with pronounced meandering or even braiding., Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

Published
2022
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31. Early presence of Homo sapiens by 86-68 kyrs in Southeast Asia at Tam Pà Ling cave, Northern Laos

Author

Sarah Freidline, Kira Westaway, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, Philippe Duringer, Jean-Luc Ponche, Mike Morley, Vito Paolo Hernandez, Meghan McAllister-Hayward, Hugh McColl, Clément Zanolli, Philipp Gunz, Inga Bergmann, Phonephanh Sichanthongtip, Daovee Sihanam, Souliphane Boualaphane, Thonglith Luangkhoth, Viengkeo Souksavatdy, Anthony Dosseto, Quentin Boesch, Elise Patole-Edoumba, Françoise Aubaile, Françoise Crozier, Eric Suzzoni, Sébastien Frangeul, Nicolas Bourgon, Alexandra Zachwieja, Tyler Dunn, Anne-Marie Bacon, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Laura Shackelford, Fabrice Demeter, Southern Cross University (SCU), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of national heritage, Ministry of Information and Culture, Department of Museums, Historic Buildings and Archaeology, Ministry of Information and Culture, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de La Rochelle, Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Biologie, anthropologie, biométrie, épigénétique, lignées : De la diversité des populations à l'individu, de l'identification à l'identité (BABEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Collège de France - Chaire Paléoanthropologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Subjects
mandible, brow ridge, Homo sapiens, Late Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Southeast Asia Homo sapiens geometric morphometrics Late Pleistocene brow ridge mandible, geometric morphometrics, Southeast Asia, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

The timing of the first arrival of Homo sapiens in East Asia from Africa and the degree to which they interbred with or replaced local archaic populations is controversial. Previous discoveries from Tam Pà Ling cave (Laos) identified H. sapiens in Southeast Asia by 46 kyr. We report on a new frontal bone (TPL 6) and slightly older tibial fragment (TPL 7) discovered in the deepest layers of TPL. Bayesian modeling of luminescence dating of sediments and U-series and combined U-series-ESR dating of mammalian teeth reveals a depositional sequence spanning ~ 86 kyr. TPL 6 confirms the presence of H. sapiens by 70 ± 3 kyr, and TPL 7 extends this range to 77 ± 9 kyr, supporting an early dispersal of H. sapiens into Southeast Asia. Geometric morphometric analyses of TPL 6 suggest descent from a gracile immigrant population rather than evolution from or admixture with local archaic populations.

Published
2023

32. The shifting shelf task: a new, non-verbal measure for attentional set shifting

Author

E. Reindl, C. J. Völter, Z. Civelek, L. Duncan, Z. Lugosi, E. Felsche, E. Herrmann, J. Call, A. M. Seed, European Research Council, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, and University of St Andrews. ‘Living Links to Human Evolution’ Research Centre

Subjects
Attentional set shifting, MCC, BF Psychology, General Immunology and Microbiology, Comparative cognition, BF, DAS, General Medicine, Cognitive flexibility, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Executive functions, Rule switching, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Funding: The research of A.M.S. was supported by a ‘INQMINDS’ ERC Starting Grant no. (SEP-210159400). Attentional set shifting is a core ingredient of cognition, allowing for fast adaptation to changes in the environment. How this skill compares between humans and other primates is not well known. We examined performance of 3- to 5-year-old children and chimpanzees on a new attentional set shifting task. We presented participants with two shelves holding the same set of four boxes. To choose the correct box on each shelf, one has to switch attention depending on which shelf one is currently presented with. Experiment 1 (forty-six 3- to 5-year olds, predominantly European White) established content validity, showing that the majority of errors were specific switching mistakes indicating failure to shift attention. Experiment 2 (one hundred and seventy-eight 3- to 6-year olds, predominantly European White) showed that older children made fewer mistakes, but if mistakes were made, a larger proportion were switching mistakes rather than ‘random’ errors. Experiment 3 (52 chimpanzees) established suitability of the task for non-human great apes and showed that chimpanzees' performance was comparable to the performance of 3- and 4-year olds, but worse than 5-year olds. These results suggest that chimpanzees and young children share attentional set shifting capacities, but that there are unique changes in the human lineage from 5 years of age. Publisher PDF

Published
2023
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33. Palaeoenvironments and Geoarchaeology of the Béage Volcanic Plateau, in Eastern Velay (Haute-Ardèche, Massif Central, France): co-evolution between human societies and environments during the last 7 millenia

Author

Dendievel, André-Marie, Delvigne, Vincent, Dietre, Benjamin, Gaertner, Vincent, Gallice, Frédéric, Jouannic, Gwénolé, Lafarge, Audrey, Raynal, Jean-Paul, Voruz, Jean-Louis, Defive, Emmanuelle, Delrieu, Fabien, Haas, Jean Nicolas, Cubizolle, Hervé, de la Préhistoire à l'Actuel, Cultures, Environnement, Anthropologie ( PACEA ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Environnement Ville Société ( EVS ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon ( ENSAL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Département GéoSciences et Environnement ( GSE-ENSMSE ), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-SPIN, Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels ( SPIN-ENSMSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], Cerema DTer Est, Laboratoire régional des Ponts et Chaussées, Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes ( ASM ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute, Max-Planck-Institut, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale ( GEOLAB ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société ( IR SHS UNILIM ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives ( Inrap ) -Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ), Archéométrie et archéologie : Origine, Datation et Technologies des matériaux ( Archéométrie ), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), AFEQ-CNF INQUA, DEFIVE, Emmanuelle, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département GéoSciences et Environnement (GSE-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN, Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre d’études et d’expertise sur les risques, l’environnement, la mobilité et l’aménagement (Cerema DTer Est), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Archéologie et Archéométrie (ArAr), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)

Subjects
tourbière, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, paetland, Eastern Velay, relations homme-milieu, [ SDV.EE.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geoarcheology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Archeobotanic, Biomarqueurs, interactions Men - environment, Holocene, French Massif central, Géoarchéologie, Tardiglaciaire, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, macrorestes, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.EE.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Late Glacial, macrofossils, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Massif central français, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Velay oriental
Abstract

International audience; In the Eastern Massif Central, new research programs are dealing with the landscape evolution since the Late Glacial and during the Holocene (AGES and WRACC projects). In this context, a reconstruction of climatically and anthropogenically driven palaeoenvironments is in progress for the last 7,000 years. This palaeoenvironmental study of peatlands and archaeological remains focuses on an area still poorly documented: the Mezenc massif and the Ardèche mountain range, and particularly on the Béage volcanic plateau (Eastern Velay, Massif Central).The plant macrofossil analyses of a 5.5 meters long core, from the La Narce peatland on the Béage plateau (1,235 meters a.s.l.), revealed an excellent preservation of organic matter so to allow high-resolution reconstruction of environmental change. The La Narce peatland is located in a little catchment area (0.13 squared kilometres), at the interface between basaltic lava flows and the Velay granitic substratum. The sedimentary sequence is composed by a succession of sandy lacustrine clays (from basal levels to 4.4 m), organic lacustrine deposits such as gyttja (from 4.4 to 2.5 m) and peat (from 2.5 m to the current surface). Two radiocarbon dates (14C) indicate a deposition of sediments since the end of the Late Glacial period. Plant macrofossil remains, small charcoal particles (

Published
2014

34. Insights into the palaeobiology of an early Homo infant: multidisciplinary investigation of the GAR IVE hemi-mandible, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia

Author

Laura Pioli, Margherita Mussi, Thomas Colard, Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Fernando Ramirez-Rozzi, Adeline Le Cabec, Gabriele Di Carlo, Rita Teresa Melis, Damien Charabidze, Catherine Chaussain, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre d'histoire judiciaire - UMR 8025 (CHJ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies oro-faciales (URP 2496), Université de Paris (UP), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari], Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GPR 'Human Past', Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'histoire judiciaire (CHJ), Pathologies, imagerie et biothérapies oro-faciales = Orofacial pathologies, imaging and biotherapies (URP 2496), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Collège de France - Chaire Paléoanthropologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), CNRS, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires (PMOI) - ULR 4490, Centre d'Histoire Judiciaire (CHJ) - UMR 8025, Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies oro-faciales [EA 2496], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] [UNIROMA], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University [JGU], Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari [UniCa], Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie [EAE], Collège de France - Chaire internationale Paléoanthropologie, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)

Subjects
amelogenesis imperfecta, animals, archaeology, biological evolution, dental enamel, Ethiopia, female, fossils, geography, head, hominidae, humans, interdisciplinary research, mandible, paleontology, synchrotrons, tooth, Taphonomy, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Human life, Biological anthropology, Science, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Context (language use), Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Multidisciplinary approach, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Mandible, 030206 dentistry, Brain growth, Evolutionary biology, Normal growth, Medicine, Oldowan
Abstract

International audience; Childhood is an ontogenetic stage unique to the modern human life history pattern. It enables the still dependent infants to achieve an extended rapid brain growth, slow somatic maturation, while benefitting from provisioning, transitional feeding, and protection from other group members. This tipping point in the evolution of human ontogeny likely emerged from early Homo. The GAR IVE hemi-mandible (1.8 Ma, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia) represents one of the rarely preserved early Homo infants (~ 3 years at death), recovered in a richly documented Oldowan archaeological context. Yet, based on the sole external inspection of its teeth, GAR IVE was diagnosed with a rare genetic diseaseamelogenesis imperfecta (AI)-altering enamel. Since it may have impacted the child's survival, this diagnosis deserves deeper examination. Here, we reassess and refute this diagnosis and all associated interpretations, using an unprecedented multidisciplinary approach combining an in-depth analysis of GAR IVE (synchrotron imaging) and associated fauna. Some of the traits previously considered as diagnostic of AI can be better explained by normal growth or taphonomy, which calls for caution when diagnosing pathologies on fossils. We compare GAR IVE's dental development to other fossil hominins, and discuss the implications for the emergence of childhood in early Homo. The pattern and timing of modern human life history is unique in involving an extended period of growth 1. This provides more time not only for somatic development and protracted brain growth 2, 3 , but also to learn survival skills 4. The offspring is thus dependent upon more parental care over a longer time, and sexual maturity is postponed 5. In modern humans, life history stages successively involve infancy, childhood, a juvenile phase, adolescence, and finally adulthood. Different kinds of feeding strategies and dental development stages characterize these phases. Following these criteria, infancy can be subdivided into two stages. First, the "nursing phase" takes place from birth to 6 months, when the infant exclusively relies on breastfeeding and starts erupting its

Published
2021
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35. Evidence for abstract representations in children but not capuchin monkeys

Author

Elisa Felsche, Patience Stevens, Christoph J. Völter, Daphna Buchsbaum, Amanda M. Seed, European Research Council, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, and University of St Andrews. ‘Living Links to Human Evolution’ Research Centre

Subjects
MCC, Linguistics and Language, BF Psychology, Generalization, NDAS, BF, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Computational modeling, Overhypotheses, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Artificial Intelligence, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Cognitive development, Abstraction, Animal cognition
Abstract

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. [639072]). We acknowledge the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), [funding reference number 2016-05552]. The use of abstract higher-level knowledge (also called overhypotheses) allows humans to learn quickly from sparse data and make predictions in new situations. Previous research has suggested that humans may be the only species capable of abstract knowledge formation, but this remains controversial. There is also mixed evidence for when this ability emerges over human development. Kemp et al. (2007) proposed a computational model of how overhypotheses could be learned from sparse examples. We provide the first direct test of this model: an ecologically valid paradigm for testing two species, capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) and 4- to 5-year-old human children. We presented participants with sampled evidence from different containers which suggested that all containers held items of uniform type (type condition) or of uniform size (size condition). Subsequently, we presented two new test containers and an example item from each: a small, high-valued item and a large but low-valued item. Participants could then choose from which test container they would like to receive the next sample – the optimal choice was the container that yielded a large item in the size condition or a high-valued item in the type condition. We compared performance to a priori predictions made by models with and without the capacity to learn overhypotheses. Children's choices were consistent with the model predictions and thus suggest an ability for abstract knowledge formation in the preschool years, whereas monkeys performed at chance level. Publisher PDF

Published
2022

36. The use of paleoclimate simulations to refine the environmental and chronological context of archaeological/paleontological sites

Author

Léa Terray, Emmanuelle Stoetzel, Eslem Ben Arous, Masa Kageyama, Raphaël Cornette, Pascale Braconnot, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PanEv Lab, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human Evolution, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Abstract

This study illustrates the strong potential of combining paleoenvironmental reconstructions and paleoclimate modeling to refine the paleoenvironmental and chronological context of archaeologicaland paleontological sites. We focus on the El Harhoura 2 cave (EH2), an archeological site located on the North-Atlantic coast of Morocco that covers a period from the Late Pleistocene to the mid-Holocene. On several stratigraphic layers, inconsistencies are observed between species- and isotope-based inferences used to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions. The stratigraphy of EH2 also shows chronological inconsistencies on older layers between age estimated by Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and Combination of Uranium Series and Electron Spin Resonance methods (combined US-ESR). We performed paleoclimate simulations to infer the global paleoclimate variations over the EH2 sequence in the area, and we conducted a consistency approach between paleoclimatereconstruction estimated from simulations and available from EH2 paleoenvironmental inferences. Our main conclusion show that the climate sequence based on combined US-ESR ages is more consistent with paleoenvironmental inferences than the climate sequence based on OSL ages. We also evidence that isotope-based inferences are more congruent with the paleoclimate sequence than species-based inferences. These results highlight the difference in scale between the information provided by each ofthese paleoenvironmental proxies. Our approach is transferable to other sites due to the increase number of available paleoclimate simulations. 1 Introduction 2 Material and methods 2.1 El Harhoura 2 cave 2.1.1 Presentation of the site 2.1.2 Chronostratigraphy and dating hypotheses 2.1.3 Paleoenvironmental variables 2.2 Paleoclimate reconstruction 2.2.1 Climate model 2.2.2 Paleoclimate simulations 2.2.3 Sea-surface boundary conditions 2.2.4 A subset of key paleoclimate variables 2.3 Consistency analyses 3 Results 3.1. Simulated climate changes 3.2 Consistency between paleoclimate simulations and paleoenvironmental inferences 3.2.1 Association of paleoclimate simulations and stratigraphic layers 3.2.2 Consistency analyses 4 Discussion 4.1 Paleoclimate variation and underlying forcings 4.2 Paleoclimate simulations and chronostratigraphy 4.3 Paleoclimate simulations and paleoenvironmental inferences 5 Conclusions

Published
2022

37. The Evolution of primate short-term memory

Author

ManyPrimates, null, Aguenounon, Géraud, Allritz, Matthias, Altschul, Drew, Ballesta, Sébastien, Beaud, Alice, Bohn, Manuel, Bornbusch, Sally, Brandão, Angela, Brooks, James, Bugnyar, Thomas, Burkart, J. M., Bustamante, Lía, Call, Josep, Canteloup, Charlotte, Cao, Chuangshi, Caspar, Kai Robert, da Silva, Diana, de Sousa, Alexandra, DeTroy, Sarah, Duguid, Shona, Eppley, Timothy, Fichtel, Claudia, Fischer, Julia, Gong, Chi, Grange, James, Grebe, Nicholas, Hanus, Daniel, Haun, Daniel, Haux, Lou, Héjja-Brichard, Yseult, Helman, Annabella, Hernadi, Istvan, Hernandez-Aguilar, R. Adriana, Herrmann, Esther, Hopper, Lydia, Howard, Lauren, Huang, Lei, Huskisson, Sarah, Jacobs, Ivo, Jin, Zhiyong, Joly, Marine, Kano, Fumihiro, Keupp, Stefanie, Kiefer, Evelin, Knakker, Balázs, Kóczán, Katalin, Kraus, Larissa, Kwok, Sze Chai, Lefrançois, Marie, Lewis, Laura, Liu, Siyi, Llorente, Miquel, Lonsdorf, Elizabeth, Loyant, Louise, Majecka, Katarzyna, Maurits, Luke, Meunier, Hélène, Mobili, Flávia, Morino, Luca, Motes-Rodrigo, Alba, Nijman, Vincent, Ihomi, Caroline, Persson, Tomas, Pietraszewski, Dariusz, Reátiga Parrish, Juan, Roig, Anthony, Sánchez-Amaro, Alejandro, Sato, Yutaro, Sauciuc, Gabriela-Alina, Schrock, Allie, Schweinfurth, Manon, Seed, Amanda, Shearer, Caroline, Šlipogor, Vedrana, Su, Yanjie, Sutherland, Kirsten, Tan, Jingzhi, Taylor, Derry, Troisi, Camille, Völter, Christoph, Warren, Elizabeth, Watzek, Julia, Zablocki-Thomas, Pauline, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, and University of St Andrews. ‘Living Links to Human Evolution’ Research Centre

Subjects
MCC, Phylogenetic analysis, BF Psychology, phylogenetic analysis, Psicologia de la cognició, BF, DAS, Cognition in animals, Memòria immediata, General Medicine, cognitive evolution, Primates -- Behavior, Primate cognition, primate cognition, Primats -- Hàbits i conducta, Cognitive psychology, Cognició en els animals, Cognitive evolution, Short-term memory
Abstract

* Correspondence should be addressed to Manuel Bohn (manyprimates@gmai l.com). Short-term memory is implicated in a range of cognitive abilities and is critical for understanding primate cognitive evolution. To investigate the effects of phylogeny, ecology and sociality on short-term memory, we tested the largest and most diverse primate sample to date (421 non-human primates across 41 species) in an experimental delayed-response task. Our results confirm previous findings that longer delays decrease memory performance across species and taxa. Our analyses demonstrate a considerable contribution of phylogeny over ecological and social factors on the distribution of short-term memory performance in primates; closely related species had more similar short-term memory abilities. Overall, individuals in the branch of Hominoidea performed better compared to Cercopithecoidea, who in turn performed above Platyrrhini and Strepsirrhini. Interdependencies between phylogeny and socioecology of a given species presented an obstacle to disentangling the effects of each of these factors on the evolution of short-term memory capacity. However, this study offers an important step forward in understanding the interspecies and individual variation in short-term memory ability by providing the first phylogenetic reconstruction of this trait’s evolutionary history. The dataset constitutes a unique resource for studying the evolution of primate cognition and the role of short-term memory in other cognitive abilities. Publisher PDF

Published
2022
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38. Bilan des recherches récentes sur le Paléolithique de Casablanca (Maroc)

Author

Fatima-Zohra Sbihi-Alaoui, Jean-Paul Raynal, Abderrahim Mohib, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), and MAEE au titre de la Mission archéologique française 'littoral' Maroc. Contrats région Aquitaine Origines et Origines II. Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du patrimoine du Royaume du Maroc. Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute, Leipzig, Allemagne.

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Middle Pleistocene, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, North-Atlantic Morocco, Casablanca, hominids, Paléolithique moyen, 01 natural sciences, Paléolithique ancien, Hominidés, séquence quaternaire, Maroc, hominidés, lcsh:Archaeology, lcsh:CC1-960, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Lower Palaeolithic, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

pdf disponible auprès des auteurs; International audience; Le programme « Casablanca » a débuté en 1978 dans le cadre de la coopération entre le Maroc et la France, établie par le Service de l'archéologie du ministère des Affaires culturelles et poursuivie par l'Institut national des sciences de l'archéologie et du patrimoine (Insap). Les travaux sont soutenus par le ministère des Affaires culturelles du Royaume du Maroc, le ministère des Affaires étrangères et européennes de la République française, la région Aquitaine au titre des contrats Origines et Origines II et le Department of Human Evolution du Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology de Leipzig. Les opérations sont menées dans un contexte urbain où s'exerce une forte pression immobilière, et les sites, même quand ils sont classés comme Sidi Abderrahmane-Cunette, subissent des agressions qui mettent en péril leur préservation à long terme.Les périodes étudiées dans le cadre du programme « Casablanca » sont cruciales pour les populations nord-africaines et européennes : elles se font face de part et d'autre du détroit de Gibraltar, échangent probablement des gènes et des techniques, comme semble l'indiquer la dispersion de l'Acheuléen classique sur la rive nord de la Méditerranée... Puis, tandis que leurs histoires biologiques divergent, leurs expressions culturelles suivent des parcours in fine similaires qui aboutissent à l'émergence du Paléolithique moyen de faciès moustéro-atérien.

Published
2010

39. Mammalian faunas from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Casablanca (Morocco)

Author

Fatima-Zohra Sbihi-Alaoui, Denis Geraads, Jean-Paul Raynal, Dynamique de l'évolution humaine : individus, populations, espèces [Paris] (DEHIPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), and MAEE mission archéologique française 'littoral' Maroc. Contrats région Aquitaine Origines et Origines II. Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine du Royaume du Maroc. Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute, leipzig, Allemagne.

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Pleistocene, Pliocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Fauna, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Evolution of mammals, Ecological succession, Late Miocene, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, northwestern Africa, Paleontology, Morocco, Threatened species, mammalian fauna, 14. Life underwater, Transgressive, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Quaternary, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

pdf disponible auprès des auteurs; International audience; In the frame of the Franco–Moroccan ‘Programme Casablanca', several important new Late Miocene to Late Pleistocene mammalian localities have been excavated in the Casablanca area. The rodent fauna of Lissasfa attests to faunal exchanges with Spain and shows that the ‘Quaternary' of Casablanca dates back to the Late Miocene. Ahl al Oughlam, with more than 100 vertebrate species, is by far the richest paleontological locality of northwestern Africa, but shows that by Late Pliocene, at 2.5 Ma, faunas of this region were already less diverse than in eastern Africa. The Thomas and Oulad Hamida quarries yield, in several continental levels interstratified with high-marine transgressive ones, a succession of late Early to Late Pleistocene faunas associated with lithic industries and Homo remains, which greatly help calibrating mammalian evolution in this part of Africa. The Late Pleistocene is also documented by several new sites, all of which, unfortunately, were destroyed before they could be properly excavated. All sites are threatened by urbanisation, emphasising the need for preservation of the few remaining ones.

Published
2010
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40. Carnivores et/ou hommes dans deux sites moustéro-atériens de Dar Bouazza (Casablanca, Maroc) : les données de la taphonomie

Author

Daujeard, Camille, Geraads, Denis, Raynal, Jean Paul, Mohib, Abderrahim, Gallotti, Rosalia, Sbihi Alaoui, Fatima-Zohra, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Dynamique de l'évolution humaine : individus, populations, espèces [Paris] (DEHIPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche e Antropologiche dell'Antichità, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Ministère des Affaires étrangères et européennes de la République française, Région Aquitaine au titre des contrats Origines et Origines II et Department of Human Evolution du Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology de Leipzig, Ministère de la Culture du Royaume du Maroc., J.-P. Brugal, A. Gardeisen, A. Zucker, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine [INSAP] - Rabat, Università di Roma La Sapienza, and J.-P. Brugal, A. Gardeisen & A. Zucker

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Natural accumulations, Pléistocène supérieur, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Accumulations naturelles, Atlantic Morroco, Late Pleistocene, Carnivores, Taphonomy, Moustéro-Atérien, Moustéro-Aterian, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Subsistence, Taphonomie, Maroc Atlantique, Subsistance
Abstract

International audience; The study of faunal series recently recovered in Atlantic Morocco from Moustero-Aterian layers of two caves with swallow holes acting as pitfalls (Grotte des Félins and Grotte des Gazelles at Dar Bouazza) reveals new informations about accumulation process and successive transformations of faunal remains. A common feature of the two series is the paucity of human traces and the prevalence of carnivore activity in layers also containing lithic artefacts. The use of a common taphonomic methodology to study these series allowed us to differentiate between the impact of the various faunal remains accumulators and/or modifiers during Upper Pleistocene in this part of North Africa.; L'étude de séries osseuses de grands mammifères provenant de niveaux moustéro-atériens de deux sites en grotte avec aven-piège du Maroc atlantique (Grotte des Gazelles et Grotte des Félins à Dar Bouazza) apporte des éléments nouveaux concernant les modes d'accumulation et les transformations postérieures des restes animaux introduits dans ces cavités. Ces deux séries, associées à des artefacts lithiques, présentent une quasiabsence de traces anthropiques mais de nombreuses traces de carnivores. L'application de la même méthode d'étude taphonomique à ces ensembles osseux mis au jour lors de sauvetages rapides a permis de différencier l'impact des différents agents accumulateurs et/ou modificateurs des restes fauniques au Pléistocène supérieur dans cette région de l'Afrique du Nord.

Published
2010

41. Do capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) use exploration to form intuitions about physical properties?

Author

Eleanor Jade Jordan, Christoph J. Völter, Amanda M. Seed, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. ‘Living Links to Human Evolution’ Research Centre, and University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution

Subjects
Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Curiosity, BF Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Developmental and Educational Psychology, NDAS, Learning, BF, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Exploration, Physical cognition, Capuchin monkeys
Abstract

We are grateful to the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) and the University of St Andrews for core financial support to the RZSS Edinburgh Zoo’s Living Links Research Facility where this project was carried out. Humans’ flexible innovation relies on our capacity to accurately predict objects’ behaviour. These predictions may originate from a “physics-engine” in the brain which simulates our environment. To explore the evolutionary origins of intuitive physics, we investigate whether capuchin monkeys’ object exploration supports learning. Two capuchin groups experienced exploration sessions involving multiple copies of two objects, one object was easily opened (functional), the other was not (non-functional). We used two within-subject conditions (enrichment-then-test, and test-only) with two object sets per group. Monkeys then underwent individual test sessions where the objects contained rewards, and they choose one to attempt to open. The monkeys spontaneously explored, performing actions which yielded functional information. At test, both groups chose functional objects above chance. While high performance of the test-only group precluded us from establishing learning during exploration, this study reveals the promise of harnessing primates’ natural exploratory tendencies to understand how they see the world. Publisher PDF

Published
2022

42. Inhibitory control and cue relevance modulate chimpanzees' (Pan troglodytes) performance in a spatial foraging task

Author

Amanda Seed, Josep Call Balaguer, Christoph Völter, Brandon Tinklenberg, European Research Council, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, and University of St Andrews. ‘Living Links to Human Evolution’ Research Centre

Subjects
BF Psychology, Pan troglodytes, BF, DAS, Animal Learning, Reinforcement, Executive Function, Cognition, Reward, Animal Foraging Behavior, Animals, Humans, Learning, Psychology (miscellaneous), Chimpanzees, Cues, Comparative Psychology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Rewards, Cognitive Control
Abstract

This project has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement 639072). Brandon Tinklenberg was supported by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC 435-2016-1051). Inhibition tasks usually require subjects to exert control to act correctly when a competing action plan is prepotent. In comparative psychology, one concern about the existing inhibition tasks is that the relative contribution of inhibitory control to performance (as compared to learning or object knowledge) is rarely explicitly investigated. We addressed this problem by presenting chimpanzees with a spatial foraging task in which they could acquire food more efficiently by learning which objects were baited. In Experiment 1, we examined how objects that elicited a prepotent approach response, transparent cups containing food, affected their learning rates. Although showing an initial bias to approach these sealed cups with visible food, the chimpanzees learned to avoid them more quickly across sessions compared to a color discrimination. They also learned a color discrimination more quickly if the incorrect cups were sealed such that a piece of food could never be hidden inside them. In Experiment 2, visible food of 2 different types was sealed in the upper part of the cups: 1 type signaled the presence of food reward hidden underneath; the cups with the other type were sealed. The chimpanzees learned more quickly in a congruent condition (the to-be-chosen food cue matched the reward) than in an incongruent condition (the to-be-avoided food cue matched the reward). Together, these findings highlight that performance in inhibition tasks is affected by several other cognitive abilities such as object knowledge, memory, and learning, which need to be quantified before meaningful comparisons can be drawn. Postprint

Published
2022

43. Age and formation processes of an Acheulean site with extensive accumulation of large cutting tools: Garba I (Melka Kunture, Upper Awash, Ethiopia)

Author

Sol Sánchez-Dehesa Galán, Eduardo Méndez-Quintas, Jean-Jacques Bahain, Luca di Bianco, Raymonde Bonnefille, Elisa Brunelli, Denis Geraads, Rita Melis, Andrea Serodio Domínguez, Pierre Voinchet, Margherita Mussi, Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche e Antropologiche dell'Antichità, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Préhistoire et Technologie (PréTech), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Italo-Spanish Archaeological Mission at Melka Kunture and Balchit, Grupo de Estudos de Arqueoloxía, Antigüidade e Territorio (GEAAT), Universidade de Vigo, Instituto de Evolución en África, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Anthropology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022
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44. PaleoBRAIN : ressusciter le cerveau d’Homo erectus et des Néandertaliens

Author

Balzeau, Antoine, Bardinet, Éric, Bardo, Ameline, Gilissen, Emmanuel, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Gómez-Robles, Aida, Heuzé, Yann, Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Hui, Jiaming, Kubicka, Anna Maria, Avila, Nicole Labra, Masi, Shelly, Mounier, Aurélien, Noûs, Camille, Pouydebat, Emmanuelle, Prima, Sylvain, Sala, Nohemi, Santin, Mathieu, Verna, Christine, Wils, Patricia, Filippo, Andréa, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of African Zoology [Tervuren], Royal Museum for Central Africa [Tervuren] (RMCA), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Department of Anthropology [George Washington University] (GW), The George Washington University (GW), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Collège de France - Chaire Paléoanthropologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Poznan University of Life Sciences (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu) (PULS), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Cogitamus, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Space-timE RePresentation, Imaging and cellular dynamics of molecular COmplexes (SERPICO), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Acquisition et Analyse de Données pour l'Histoire naturelle (2AD), and ANR-20-CE27-0009,PaleoBRAIN,Ressusciter le cerveau d'Homo erectus et des Néandertaliens(2020)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; La question de la correspondance entre les caractéristiques cérébrales et endocrâniennes est cruciale pour les applications en paléoneurologie et n’a jamais été abordée. Pour ce faire, le projet PaleoBRAIN, financé par l’ANR (ANR-20-CE27-0009), va étudier pour la première fois la corrélation entre la forme du cerveau et celle de l’endocrâne au sein d’un échantillon d’humains actuels en utilisant des acquisitions par imagerie à résonance magnétique (IRM), dont certaines avec une séquence spécifique (UTE) qui permet la caractérisation des tissus osseux. Cette contribution sera décisive pour l’étude détaillée des informations neurologiques provenant d’humains fossiles. Nous reconstruirons ensuite le cerveau d’Homo erectus et le cerveau d’Homo neanderthalensis, ainsi que leurs schémas de croissance respectifs, en tenant compte des spécificités de ces espèces. Au-delà de l’analyse détaillée des relations cerveau-endocrâne pour améliorer notre compréhension de l’anatomie des hominines fossiles, plusieurs objectifs complémentaires sont abordés. Nous analyserons les modèles de variation et de corrélation entre asymétries cérébrales et crâniennes, dont celles concernant les structures internes. Nous aborderons aussi les éventuelles relations entre asymétries du cerveau et latéralisations comportementales sur le même échantillon de volontaires. Tous ces résultats, confrontés à la variation observée chez les hominines fossiles, vont documenter les connaissances sur l’évolution du cerveau et donc sur le lien généralement supposé entre forme et fonction. Nous présentons ici les méthodes, les grands axes de recherche et les premiers résultats de ce projet qui se terminera en 2025. La pluridisciplinarité et l’interdisciplinarité seront des composantes fortes de PaleoBRAIN ainsi que des conditions essentielles pour atteindre nos objectifs scientifiques. En outre, ce projet est engagé dans une politique de science ouverte : tous les ensembles de données d’imagerie virtuelle produits seront mis à la disposition d’autres scientifiques pour leurs recherches.

Published
2022
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45. The last Hunters-gatherers of the Somme and neighbouring peat valleys: method of study, settlement and taphonomy

Author

Bridault, Anne, Ducrocq, Thierry, Coutard, Sylvie, Drucker, Dorothée, Limondin-Lozouet, Nicole, Bridault, Anne, Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

46. The structure of executive functions in preschool children and chimpanzees

Author

Christoph J. Völter, Eva Reindl, Elisa Felsche, Zeynep Civelek, Andrew Whalen, Zsuzsa Lugosi, Lisa Duncan, Esther Herrmann, Josep Call, Amanda M. Seed, European Research Council, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, University of St Andrews. ‘Living Links to Human Evolution’ Research Centre, and University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Pan troglodytes, BF Psychology, Comparative cognition, Memory, Short-Term/physiology, Working memory, BF, DAS, Neuropsychological Tests, Attention shifting, Primate cognition, Executive functions, Executive Function, Inhibition, Psychological, Memory, Short-Term, Child, Preschool, RC0321, Animals, Humans, Executive Function/physiology, Child development, RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Inhibition
Abstract

Funding: The research of A.M.S. was supported by an ‘INQMINDS’ ERC Starting Grant no. (SEP-210159400). Executive functions (EF) are a core aspect of cognition. Research with adult humans has produced evidence for unity and diversity in the structure of EF. Studies with preschoolers favour a 1-factor model, in which variation in EF tasks is best explained by a single underlying trait on which all EF tasks load. How EF are structured in nonhuman primates remains unknown. This study starts to fill this gap through a comparative, multi-trait multi-method test battery with preschoolers (N = 185) and chimpanzees (N = 55). The battery aimed at measuring working memory updating, inhibition, and attention shifting with three non-verbal tasks per function. For both species the correlations between tasks were low to moderate and not confined to tasks within the same putative function. Factor analyses produced some evidence for the unity of executive functions in both groups, in that our analyses revealed shared variance. However, we could not conclusively distinguish between 1-, 2- or 3-factor models. We discuss the implications of our findings with respect to the ecological validity of current psychometric research. Publisher PDF

Published
2022
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47. Exploring the development of attentional set shifting in young children with a novel Intradimensional/Extradimensional shift task

Author

Reindl, Eva, Völter, Christoph Johannes, Campbell-May, Jessica, Call, Josep, Seed, Amanda Madeleine, European Research Council, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, and University of St Andrews. ‘Living Links to Human Evolution’ Research Centre

Subjects
Attentional set shifting, BF Psychology, Adolescent, NDAS, BF, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive flexibility, Attention shifting, AC, Executive functions, Cognition, Reward, Child, Preschool, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Intradimensional/Extradimensional shift, Cognitive development, Humans, Attention, Female, Child
Abstract

The research of A.M.S. was supported by an “INQMINDS” European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant (SEP-210159400). Attentional set shifting is a core part of cognition, allowing quick and flexible adaption to new demands. The study of its development during early childhood has been hampered by a shortage of measures not requiring language. This article argues for a revival of the Intradimensional/Extradimensional (ID/ED) shift task by presenting a new nonverbal version of the task (Shifting Tray task). Children (N = 95 3- to 5-year-olds; 49 girls; predominantly European White) were presented with pairs of trays, each filled with a substrate and an upside-down cup on top, and were asked to find stickers. In the pre-switch phase, children learned (through trial and error) which dimension (substrate or cup) was predictive of the rewards. In the post-switch phase, all stimuli were exchanged. For children in the intradimensional shift condition, the dimension predictive of the sticker was the same as the one predictive in the pre-switch phase. For children in the extradimensional shift condition, the previously irrelevant dimension was now relevant. Results showed that most 3-year-olds were able to switch, and older children did not outperform younger children. The easy and flexible nature of the task allows researchers to investigate the impact of labels and instructions and to use it in cross-cultural and comparative research. Publisher PDF

Published
2022
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48. Acheulean variability in Western Europe: The case of Menez-Dregan I

Author

Ravon, Anne-Lyse, Garcia-Medrano, Paula, Moncel, Marie-Hélène, Ashton, Nick, Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Nantes Université - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (Nantes Univ - UFR HHAA), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The British Museum, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, This research was supported by the project ‘Understanding a threshold in Human evolution at 450–350 ka through the roots of Neanderthal behavior (Neandroots)’ (ANR-19-CE27-0011). P. García-Medrano has been funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under a Marie Sklodowska-Curie project, ‘Western European Acheulean project, WEAP’ (Grant Agreement no.748316). The University of Bradford and Adrian Evans, through the ‘Fragmented Heritage AHRC Project,’ leant us the scanner for working on levels 6 to 8. We thank the UMR 6566 CReAAH at the University of Rennes 1, for lending us a portable scanner to complete our study (layers 4 and 5) and the French Ministry of Culture, the Department of Finistère and the city of Plouhinec, which supported this work through continuous funding for the excavations and postexcavation work at Menez-Dregan since 1988. We are thankful to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Leore Grosman, and Antoine Muller, who helped us with the Artifact3-D and AGMT3-D software management. This work was developed between the Institut de Paléontologie Humaine (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris), Department of Britain, Europe, and Prehistory, Franks House (British Museum), and the Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA, Spain). The latter received financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the ‘María de Maeztu’ program for Units of Excellence (CEX2019-000945-M)’. N. Ashton's contribution was part of the ‘Pathways to Ancient Britain’ project, funded by the Calleva Foundation., and ANR-19-CE27-0011,NEANDROOTS,450-350 ka : un seuil dans l'évolution humaine ? Comprendre les racines du monde néandertalien(2019)

Subjects
Geometric morphometrics, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Cleavers, 3D models, Handaxes, Lithic technology
Abstract

International audience; The establishment of the Acheulean in Europe occurred after MIS 17, but it was after the harsh glaciation of MIS 12 and during the long interglacial of MIS 11 that human occupation of Western Europe became more sustained, with an increased number of sites. Menez-Dregan I (Brittany, France) is one of the key sites in Western Europe that dates from this threshold, with an alternating sequence of 16 occupation levels and four marine deposits, from MIS 12 to 8. The large lithic assemblages of more than 154,000 artifacts from knapping (cores, flakes) and shaping (macrotools and shaping flakes) show the varying use of raw materials and activities at the site through the sequence. This work focuses on the study of the handaxes and cleavers using technological and metrical methods with multivariate analysis, in combination with geometric morphometrics, and places these analyses within the context of other technological changes at the site. Collectively, results show the persistent use through the sequence of the same lithic raw materials and technologies, including fire use and the import of glossy sandstone from 20 km away, but with variation in activities at the site. These findings suggest that Menez-Dregan I shows the development of a specific material culture that reflects the local resources and environment. Results further indicate that the site shows the sustained hominin occupation of the area, despite varying climate and environment, with strong traditions of social learning that were maintained through flexibility of site use, deep understanding of the local territory, and the innovation of new technologies, such as the use of fire. Evidence from the site is placed within the wider context of Europe, and contrasted with areas to the north, such as Britain, where hominin occupation was more sporadic and driven by cyclical climate change.

Published
2022
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49. Using ground penetrating radar to understand the failure of the Koh Ker Reservoir, Northern Cambodia

Author

Leaksmy Kong, Damian Evans, Ian Moffat, Tiago Attorre, Sarah Klassen, Terry Lustig, Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], School of Human Evolution and Social Change, and Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 06 humanities and the arts, Koh Ker, 01 natural sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Ground-penetrating radar, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 0601 history and archaeology, Cambodia, ground penetrating radar, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Geology, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Ground penetrating radar, probing, and excavation were used to create a contour map of the topography of a buried laterite pavement forming the spillway of a large abandoned reservoir at the Angkorian-period city of Koh Ker in Cambodia. Calculations of the flow velocity of water through the spillway, based on the topography of the laterite surface, demonstrate that this outlet was even less adequate for passing the flow of water from the Stung Rongea catchment than had been estimated previously by Lustig, Klassen, Evans, French, & Moffat (2018). We argue that this design flaw contributed substantially to the failure of the reservoir's dike, possibly during the first rainy season after construction, which may have contributed to Koh Ker's remarkably short-lived tenure as the political center of the Khmer Empire.

Published
2021
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50. Eemian landscape response to climatic shifts and evidence for northerly Neanderthal occupation at a palaeolake margin in Northern Germany

Author

Sabine Dietel, Marie Kaniecki, Tobias Lauer, Thomas Kasper, Philipp Hoelzmann, Michael Hein, Antje Schwalb, Brigitte Urban, Marcel Weiss, Mario Tucci, Jonathan Schultz, Hans von Suchodoletz, David C. Tanner, Anton Hermann Buness, Urban, Brigitte, 2 Institute of Ecology Leuphana University of Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany, Tanner, David Colin, 3 Section 1: Seismic, Gravimetry, and Magnetics Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics Hannover Germany, Buness, Anton Hermann, Tucci, Mario, Hoelzmann, Philipp, 4 Institute for Geographical Sciences Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany, Dietel, Sabine, 5 Institute for Geosciences and Geography Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany, Kaniecki, Marie, 1 Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany, Schultz, Jonathan, Kasper, Thomas, 6 Institute for Geography Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany, von Suchodoletz, Hans, 7 Department of Geography, Faculty of Physics and Geosciences University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany, Schwalb, Antje, 8 Institute of Geosystems and Bioindication Technical University Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany, and Lauer, Tobias

Subjects
landscape evolution, Eemian, Neanderthal, Thermoluminescence dating, biology, ddc:551, Geography, Planning and Development, Eemian interglacial, Neanderthal occupation, Paleontology, ddc:554.3, pollen analysis, paleolake, Margin (machine learning), biology.animal, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften, luminescence dating, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Biology, eemian interglacia, Geology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

The prevailing view suggests that the Eemian interglacial on the European Plain was characterized by largely negligible geomorphic activity beyond the coastal areas. However, systematic geomorphological studies are sparse. Here we present a detailed reconstruction of Eemian to Early Weichselian landscape evolution in the vicinity of a small fingerlake on the northern margin of the Salzwedel Palaeolake in Lower Saxony (Germany). We apply a combination of seismics, sediment coring, pollen analysis and luminescence dating on a complex sequence of colluvial, paludal and lacustrine sediments. Results suggest two pronounced phases of geomorphic activity, directly before the onset and at the end of the Eemian period, with an intermediate period of pronounced landscape stability. The dynamic phases were largely driven by incomplete vegetation cover, but likely accentuated by fluvial incision in the neighbouring Elbe Valley. Furthermore, we discovered Neanderthal occupation at the lakeshore during Eemian pollen zone (PZ) E IV, which is chronologically in line with other known Eemian sites of central Europe. Our highly‐resolved spatio‐temporal data substantially contribute to the understanding of climate‐induced geomorphic processes throughout and directly after the last interglacial period. It helps unraveling the landscape dynamics between the coastal areas to the north and the loess belt to the south., Two phases of channel incision at the Saalian‐Eemian transition and in the late Eemian. Incisions closely followed by rising water tables. Long‐lasting phase of geomorphic stability in the mid‐Eemian, characterized by: very dense forest cover. the formation of a fingerlake within the paleochannel with gradually sinking water table. no influx of clastic sediments, but deposition of peat and lake‐marl deposits., Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004189

Published
2021
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