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Objective There is still a lack of systematic understanding of the evolution process of the Lianzhou Basin since the Mesozoic and its response to karstic development. Methods Based on the comprehensive analysis of the latest field geological investigations, hydrogeological drilling, dissolution experiments, and three-dimensional geological modelling, the tectonic evolution stages of the basin can be divided, and the karstification of each stage can be discussed by considering the existing geological data. Results Before the Cretaceous, carbonate rocks with strong dissolution were successively deposited under the rise or fall movement of the crust, which laid a material foundation for karstic development. The Indosinian movement caused vertically multilayered strata to form an E-W-trending structure, and the Yanshanian movement made the straddle-oblique superimposed a NE-SW-trending structure. They controlled the geological structures, spatial distribution, and dissolution behaviors of carbonate strata. And the distribution of mountains and river system were established. However, karst generally does not develop. An intracontinental and intermountain faulted confluence lake basin formed from the Cretaceous to the Palaeogene, the slow crustal uplift strengthened the karstification around the basin, and it currently retains the early karst platform. Later, they were buried-filled-consolidated by alluvial deposits; therefore, karst basically stopped developing, generating a thick-covered red strata basin. Since the Neogene, the rapid uplift of the crust has led to the continuous elevation of mountains around the basin, deepening of rivers, and strong development of karst, shaping multilevel karst platforms. When part of the Cretaceous red strata in the basin are denuded or cut through, karstification is reactivated. After many changes and penetrations of water systems, the graben basin formed, with karst strata covered by Quaternary sediments, Tectonic evolution controls karstic development, karstification influences the internal structure of the basin, and soil structure causes karst ground collapse. Conclusion This study can provide a scientific basis and guidance for understanding karst collapse conditions in covered karst areas.

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to examine the performance of binocular chromatic pupillometry for the objective and rapid detection of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and to explore the association between pupillary light response (PLR) features and structural glaucomatous macular damage. Methods Forty-six patients (mean age 41.00 ± 13.03 years) with POAG and 23 healthy controls (mean age 42.00 ± 11.08 years) were enrolled. All participants underwent sequenced PLR tests of full-field, superior/inferior quadrant-field chromatic stimuli using a binocular head-mounted pupillometer. The constricting amplitude, velocity, and time to max constriction/dilation, and the post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) were analyzed. The inner retina thickness and volume measurements were determined by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Results In the full-field stimulus experiment, time to pupil dilation was inversely correlated with perifoveal thickness (r = − 0.429, P

Abstract Understanding the physical picture of Li ion transport in the current ionic conductors is quite essential to further develop lithium superionic conductors for solid-state batteries. The traditional practice of directly extrapolating room temperature ion diffusion properties from the high-temperature (>600 K) ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (AIMD) simulations by the Arrhenius assumption unavoidably cause some deviations. Fortunately, the ultralong-time molecular dynamics simulation based on the machine-learning interatomic potentials (MLMD) is a more suitable tool to probe into ion diffusion events at low temperatures and simultaneously keeps the accuracy at the density functional theory level. Herein, by the low-temperature MLMD simulations, the non-linear Arrhenius behavior of Li ion was found for Li3ErCl6, which is the main reason for the traditional AIMD simulation overestimating its ionic conductivity. The 1μs MLMD simulations capture polyanion rotation events in Li7P3S11 at room temperature, in which four [PS4]3− tetrahedra belonging to a part of the longer-chain [P2S7]4− group are noticed with remarkable rotational motions, while the isolated group [PS4]3− does not rotate. However, no polyanion rotation is observed in Li10GeP2S12, β-Li3PS4, Li3ErCl6, and Li3YBr6 at 300 K during 1μs simulation time. Additionally, the ultralong-time MLMD simulations demonstrate that not only there is no paddle-wheel effect in the crystalline Li7P3S11 at room temperature, but also the rotational [PS4]3− polyanion groups have weakly negative impacts on the overall Li ion diffusion. The ultralong-time MLMD simulations deepen our understanding of the relationship between the polyanion rotation and cation diffusion in ionic conductors at room environments.

AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the utility of binocular chromatic pupillometry in detecting impaired pupillary light response (PLR) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and to assess the feasibility of using binocular chromatic pupillometer in opportunistic POAG diagnosis in community-based or telemedicine-based services.MethodsIn this prospective, cross-sectional study, 74 patients with POAG and 23 healthy controls were enrolled. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and standard automated perimetry (SAP). The PLR tests included sequential tests of full-field chromatic stimuli weighted by rods, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), and cones (Experiment 1), as well as alternating chromatic light flash-induced relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) test (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, the constricting amplitude, velocity, and time to maximum constriction/dilation were calculated in three cell type-weighted responses, and the post-illumination response of ipRGC-weighted response was evaluated. In Experiment 2, infrared pupillary asymmetry (IPA) amplitude and anisocoria duration induced by intermittent blue or red light flashes were calculated.ResultsIn Experiment 1, the PLR of POAG patients was significantly reduced in all conditions, reflecting the defect in photoreception through rods, cones, and ipRGCs. The variable with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was time to max dilation under ipRGC-weighted stimulus, followed by the constriction amplitude under cone-weighted stimulus and the constriction amplitude response to ipRGC-weighted stimuli. The impaired PLR features were associated with greater visual field loss, thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and cupping of the optic disk. In Experiment 2, IPA and anisocoria duration induced by intermittent blue or red light flashes were significantly greater in participants with POAG than in controls. IPA and anisocoria duration had good diagnostic value, correlating with the inter-eye asymmetry of visual field loss.ConclusionWe demonstrate that binocular chromatic pupillometry could potentially serve as an objective clinical tool for opportunistic glaucoma diagnosis in community-based or telemedicine-based services. Binocular chromatic pupillometry allows an accurate, objective, and rapid assessment of retinal structural impairment and functional loss in glaucomatous eyes of different severity levels.

Transition metal hydroxides are a kind of promising electrode material in electrochemical energy storage, but the poor conductivity limits their application. Lanthanides are good proton conductors and can usually improve the intrinsic conductivity of other materials. By integrating the merits of lanthanide elements and transition metal hydroxide, we designed lanthanum oxide nickel hydroxide composites (LONH) with unique ultrathin triangle nanosheet morphology via a controllable synthetic strategy for high-performance supercapacitors. When the LONH is used as positive electrode material in aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor, it reveals an energy density (107.8 W h kg−1 at 800 W kg−1), rate performance (86.9% retention at 4 kW kg−1) and outstanding cycle stability (more than 90% retention after 3,000 cycles). This work confirms that compositing La2O3 and Ni(OH)2 can significantly improve the supercapacitor performance of both pristine La2O3 and transition metal hydroxide composites. We hope this work would offer a good prospect for developing other lanthanide-transition metal hydroxide composites as an attractive class of electrode materials in electrochemical energy storage.

To achieve the simultaneous and unobtrusive breathing rate (BR) and heart rate (HR) measurements during nighttime, we leverage a far-infrared imager and an infrared camera equipped with IR-Cut lens and an infrared lighting array to develop a dual-camera imaging system. A custom-built cascade face classifier, containing the conventional Adaboost model and fully convolutional network trained by 32K images, was used to detect the face region in registered infrared images. The region of interest (ROI) inclusive of mouth and nose regions was afterwards confirmed by the discriminative regression and coordinate conversions of three selected landmarks. Subsequently, a tracking algorithm based on spatio-temporal context learning was applied for following the ROI in thermal video, and the raw signal was synchronously extracted. Finally, a custom-made time-domain signal analysis approach was developed for the determinations of BR and HR. A dual-mode sleep video database, including the videos obtained under environment where illumination intensity ranged from 0 to 3 Lux, was constructed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system and algorithms. In linear regression analysis, the determination coefficient (R2) of 0.831 had been observed for the measured BR and reference BR, and this value was 0.933 for HR measurement. In addition, the Bland-Altman plots of BR and HR demonstrated that almost all the data points located within their own 95% limits of agreement. Consequently, the overall performance of the proposed technique is acceptable for BR and HR estimations during nighttime.