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A proton exchange membrane (PEM) can provide high proton conductivity, resulting in low Ohmic loss and high current density Therefore, it is crucial to develop OER materials that can improve the water splitting efficiency in harsh acidic environments.

The phase transformation mechanism and transformation path of Cu-Ni alloys is very important to study for their applications in excellent electrical properties and chemical catalysis. In this paper...

Based on density functional theory, this paper has investigated the stability and electronic structure of Ni–Fe alloy within three different space groups using the first-principles method, and calc...

Line laser scanning measurement is a major area of interest within the field of 3D laser scanning measurement. Traditionally, sub-pixel extraction of laser stripes is a dominant point for line laser scanning measurement. In particular, the noise separation of laser stripe images and the accuracy of feature extraction of the laser stripe are the main challenges for sub-pixel extraction of laser stripes in complex circumstances. To this end, this study utilizes a robust and accurate method with two steps to extract sub-pixel features of laser stripes for 3D laser scanning measurement. Laser stripe segmentation based on a deep semantic segmentation network is initially implemented for noise elimination of images. Then, the sub-pixel extraction of the gray peak points of laser stripes is accomplished by Shepard sub-pixel interpolation and gray surface fitting, which can adequately utilize the gray distribution of laser stripes and obtain high-precision and anti-interference results. The robustness, effectiveness, and accuracy are verified by comparative experiments with classical methods. The results indicate that the proposed method can obtain much more complete, denser, and smoother results than traditional methods, especially in challenging measurement conditions, such as a large curved surface, a highly reflective surface, or intense ambient light. The accuracy of the proposed method can meet the requirements of high-precision measurement.

To solve the measurement problems of the inner shape of large-scale workpieces, such as excavators with movable arms, this paper proposes an inner shape measurement method based on circular structured light. First, the center of the circular laser stripe is extracted based on a modified Steger method. Second, a multi-diameter concentric calibration gauge design is used to calibrate the optical plane of the proposed system and address the problem of the optical plane deviation and motion error in the 1D linear stage of the traditional calibration process. Finally, the experiments are conducted. The corresponding experimental results demonstrate that the proposed measurement method facilitates a fast calibration of the camera and an efficient extraction of the center of the light stripe, resulting in a relative error of less than 0.012%. The measurement method can be further applied to deep-hole workpieces, such as steel tubes and natural gas tube lines, among others.

This paper introduces a new method of absolute position measurement based on the hybrid encoding principle that can precisely measure the absolute position of a two-dimensional (2D) micro displacement table. The method uses pseudo-random sequences and binary codes to generate the long-distance position encoding sequences. It combines the encoding sequences with checkerboards to form a hybrid encoding to complete the design of the 2D encoding of plane positions. Then a 2D encoding disk is designed as a tool to measure 2D absolute position. Among them, the X and Y positions are designed by the modular approach, respectively, to efficiently detect the accuracy of 2D position values during the measurement. Moreover, the designed 2D encoding disk can quickly realize image correction. In order to verify the feasibility of the designed 2D encoding disk for measuring the 2D absolute position, the corresponding measurement system is built using a 2D encoding disk, a CCD camera, and a telecentric lens. The experimental results demonstrate that the average position deviation of the 2D absolute position measurement system is less than ±1 µm.

The paper presents an optical method based on auto-collimation to simultaneously measure five degrees of freedom error motions of the rotary axis. The proposed method consists of the collimated lasers, beam splitters, focusing lens, quadrant photodiode detectors, a high-precision steel ball, and a special mirror fixed to the rotary axis. The mathematical model is established byoptical ray tracing, and the corresponding optical path is also simulated by OpticStudio. Meanwhile, an adjusting mechanism for X–Y micro-displacement, based on the elastic deformation of the material, is designed to adjust the installation eccentricity error of the high-precision steel ball. The calibration results of the proposed system demonstrate that the displacement errors are ±0.25 µm within the measuring range of ±10 µm, and the tilt angle errors are ±0.6 arcsec within the measuring range of ±25 arcsec. Taking a direct drive (DD) motor as the test object, the radial error motions of the rotary axis range from −3.2 to 4.1 µm, the axial error motions range from −4.9 to 4.7 µm, and the tilt error motions around the X and Y axes range from −2.8 to 1.8 arcsec and −2.6 to 2.0 arcsec, respectively.

Molecular dynamics simulation was performed to study the crystallization of warming in Ni-Fe alloy. The results show that the crystallization temperature of amorphous Ni-Fe alloy is approximate 800...

Background In China, aging has become a serious social problem, and the number of empty-nest elderly is on the rise. The aim of this study is to clarify the prevalence of depressive symptoms among empty-nest elderly in Shanxi province and evaluate the effects of sociodemographic factors and health-promoting lifestyles so as to provide a scientific reference for preventing and intervening their depression. Methods A cross-sectional study, which used a multi-stage random cluster sampling way, was conducted among 4901 empty-nest elderly in Shanxi. An independent t-test and a chi square test were used to compare the sociodemographic factors, depression scores, and health-promoting lifestyle scores of the empty-nest elderly. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the potential influencing factors for depression. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the population was 64.2%. Among all participants 1,776 (36.2%) had mild depression, 1,236 (25.2%) had moderate depression, and 135 (2.8%) had severe depression. The health-promoting lifestyle of the empty nesters in this study was at the medium level (2.51 ± 0.47). Gender, education level, old-age provision model, exercise frequency, chronic disease, relationships with children, self-care ability, and health-promoting lifestyles were found to be influencing factors of depression and all variables had different effects on different degrees of depression. Limitations This was a cross-sectional study, so the results cannot establish causal relationships among the study variables. Conclusions Depression was prevalent among the empty-nest elderly in Shanxi. Maintaining good interpersonal relationships, developing extensive interests, and maintaining healthy lifestyles including good nutrition habits and regular exercises can reduce the incidence of depression among empty nesters.

During the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), surface oxygen adsorption plays a crucial role in electrocatalysis. The stability of surface adsorption is closely related to the surface morphology of the catalyst. As one of the V-shaped nanotwins, 103 nano-twin grain boundary (103-TGB) has a special roof structure, which results in the presence of double dangling-O atoms at the junction of 103-TGB with (1 1 0) surface. In contrast to the ideal RuO2, the d-band center of Ru atoms located on the surface of 103-TGB is shifted to the Fermi level by 1.66 eV. Moreover, the key intermediates, namely *OH, *O, and *OOH, have suitable adsorption energies, providing a lower overpotential of OER ( I· OER ), via adsorbate evolving mechanism (AEM), of just 0.45 eV. Therefore, the OER via AEM is strongly focused on site 02 with double dangling-O atoms, revealing a synergistic effect due to the presence of both the 103-TGB defect and (1 1 0) surface.

We describe a high-precision ranging method based on an optical balanced cross-correlation system with a scanning repetition rate using a single femtosecond laser. By scanning the repetition rate of a laser, measuring pulses can be overlapped with reference pulses. It is an effective method to make reference pulses overlap with coaxial multiple target pulses without additional mechanical devices. The overlapped pulses are launched to the optical balanced cross-correlation system, which improves the time resolution measurement to the attosecond level. Two nominal distances are measured, and an additional commercial laser interferometer is used as a comparison to evaluate the accuracy of our measurement system. Moreover, the thickness of three stacked glasses is measured by our measurement system to verify that this system can measure coaxial multiple targets more quickly than conventional optical balanced cross-correlation systems using a single optical frequency comb.

Objectives This study aimed to investigate anxiety status and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) among empty nesters in China, so as to improve their quality of life and provide direction for further research. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4901 empty nesters in Shanxi, China. Anxiety, weight, height, depression, socio-demographic variables, attention to daily nutritional health, social activities, and self-care ability were evaluated in the study. T-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare differences in categorical and continuous variables. Binary logistic regression was performed to explore the association between anxiety and BMI among male and female empty nesters. Results The results showed that 44.5% of empty nesters reported anxiety, of which, 43.2% were male participants and 45.9% were female participants. After adjusting for other variables, overweight empty nesters odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) = 0.813 (0.692-0.954) were less likely to be anxious, compared with their normal-weight counterparts. Gender was a significant factor in the relationship, with the negative association between overweight and anxiety only found in female empty nesters OR (95%CI) = 0.718 (0.572-0.901). Income, education, complete self-care ability, and depression showed significant associations with anxiety. Conclusion The prevalence of anxiety was high in the study population. Gender is a significant factor in the relationship between anxiety and BMI among empty nesters. The results intend to inform the government and media that overweight is a protective factor for anxiety among female empty nesters, necessitating a move toward eliminating weight bias.

Pyrochlore is considered as the most promising catalytic materials for its open structure and readily tuning characteristics by doping appropriate ions. In this paper, we report a simple and efficient sol-gel method to synthesizeY2Ru1.9Mn0.1O7-δ and Y2Ru1.9Fe0.1O7-δ to promote oxygen evolution. It was found that the introduction of Mn/Fe into YRO enhanced the catalytic activity. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of oxygen vacancies by means of XPS and TG, a mass of oxygen vacancies wasintroducedin the pyrochlore structure due to exotic Mn and Fe, which act as active sites to promote catalytic performance. Subsequent stability tests found that the doped Fe ions significantly increased the stability of the structure while Mn ions are inverse. To further investigate the activity of Y2Ru1.9Mn0.1O7-δ and Y2Ru1.9Fe0.1O7-δ, the first principles calculation was used. It indicates that the lower the oxygen vacancy formation energy, the better the catalytic activity. In light of the improvement of Y2Ru1.9Fe0.1O7-δ stabilty, the first-principles calculation results show that it is due to the Fe ion presence increased the surface dissolution energy and strengthen the covalence between Ru–O of the matrix, which effectively inhibiting the exsolution of Ru.

Objective To investigate the research hotspots and development trends of Chinese geriatric medicine by analyzing the high-frequency keywords, core authors, research institutions and their collaborations in papers published in the Chinese Journal of Geriatrics . Methods Bibliometric methods and information visualization software (CiteSpace III) were used to analyze the following 3 aspects: keywords, institutions and authors. Results Overall, the number of papers published in the Chinese Journal of Geriatrics grew between 1994 and 2015. The top 3 institutions with the greatest numbers of published papers were Beijing Hospital, People's Liberation Army General Hospital and the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The authors with high productivity were Pulin Yu, Jianye Wang and Xiaoying Li. The terms “Diabetes”, “hypertension” and “myocardial infarction” were hotspot words that drew sustained attention in this field. Conclusions Research on geriatric medicine is growing steadily in China. Hospitals and teaching hospitals are major contributors to publications. The collaboration of authors is more common within the same institutions or in the same regions. Clinical research is still the focus of current research. In the future, basic research should be strengthened, and collaborations between different institutions and regions should be promoted to achieve coordinated and integrated development in Chinese geriatric medicine.

Objective To help readers around the world comprehensively understand the development of the journal and evolution of cooperation study, we employed a bibliometrics analysis for the Journal of American College Health . Methods One-thousand-one-hundred-forty-three articles published in this journal from 1994 were analyzed using the bibliometrics and visualization software CiteSpace. Results The annual number of published articles and cited studies increased. The published studies by RP Keeling and H Wechsler were at the forefront. “College student” and “alcohol” were prevalent keywords. University of Wisconsin and Harvard University were the institutional leaders of contributions. Conclusions This journal provides an important platform for sharing research achievements and promoting cooperation in this field. The level of articles published is continually improving. A research cooperative network promoted by famous scholars and institutions is developing. However, cross-regional and international cooperation is relatively limited.

Background As an important international journal in the field of school health, the Journal of School Health has drawn wide attention from researchers and readers around the world. Therefore, it is important to conduct a systematic retrospective study of the journal. With the aim of understanding the development of the journal and the evolutionary process of cooperative study of this field comprehensively, we employed bibliometric analysis using the articles published in the Journal of School Health from 1965. Methods Using bibliometrics, 5242 articles published in the journal were extracted and then analyzed using the visualization software CiteSpace III. Results The annual published amount of literature showed a declining tendency; however, the frequency of citation displayed an increase year by year. Among prolific authors, the number of reports published by JH Price, L Kann and RJ McDermott are at the top. Among the high frequency keywords used in the research journal, “adolescents”, “children” and “programs” have become popular in the journal's vocabulary. CDCP, Univ Texas and Univ Calif are positioned in the forefront of the involved institutions when ranked by degree of contribution. Conclusions The Journal of School Health provides an important platform for sharing research achievements and promoting cooperation in this field. The amount of articles published in the journal is continually improving; its cooperative research network promoted by famous scholars and institutions is forming. As more researchers and institutions join, the network will grow and relationships will become increasingly close. However, limitations to cooperation at the regional or interagency scope remain.

Steel tape is a commonly used length-measuring tool, which needs to be verified before using. In this paper, a method based on image processing for steel tape verification, which replaces the traditional eye detection, is proposed. Firstly, the camera is calibrated to get the pixel equivalent. Secondly, the standard steel tape and steel tape to be measured are arranged side by side on the calibration table, and the image of the integral meter is collected by the CCD camera. Thirdly, the acquired image is divided into regions, then the fine regions are further divided, and the area where the integral meter scale line locates is selected by the frame. Finally, the coordinates of the scale line at the integral meter are extracted and calculated by the method of pixel traversal and gray center of gravity. The error of the steel tape can be obtained by multiplying the difference between them by the pixel equivalent. The verification process is efficient and the results are reliable. The resolution of the measurement system can reach 0.04 mm, which meets the requirements of the measurement task.

In this article, a method of error source analysis and detection to improve the angle measurement accuracy of rotary encoders in precision measuring instruments is proposed. The angle measurement error caused by the installation eccentricity of the grating disk and the radial error motion of the rotating shaft is analyzed, and the error model is built. The method of measuring the radial error motion is introduced, and the visual system and image processing technology is proposed to detect the eccentricity. The verification experiment by the use of an autocollimator and a polygon is carried out. The residual error after comparison within &plusmn, 6&Prime, accounts for 9% of the angle measurement error. The proposed error model is verified, and the angle measurement error can be predicted if the installation eccentricity and radial error motion are known.

With the continuous improvement of equipment measurement accuracy and production efficiency requirements, calibration method with external reference standard can no longer meet the quality and efficiency requirements. In order to solve the online calibration problem and effectively improve the calibration efficiency of the Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines (AACMMs) in practical application, a self-calibration system of circular grating angle sensor which is applied to joints of the AACMMs was established. Based on the harmonic analysis of the angle measurement error, this paper deduces and analyzes the error suppression principle of the layout of the scanning heads on the calibration result, and establishes a non-uniform layout of the scanning heads to eliminate more and higher order harmonic errors. The simulation and test results show that the self-calibration method using this layout form of multiple reading heads can effectively reduce the measurement angle error without increasing the number of scanning heads, and improve the calibration efficiency and measurement accuracy of AACMMs.

A new method for further improving the measuring length accuracy of the articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) is proposed. The detailed procedure of the proposed method involves kinematic error calibration with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and then non-kinematic error (such as link deflection, thermal errors, and error motions of the rotation shaft) compensation with a back-propagation neural network optimized by the mind evolutionary algorithm. In order to verify the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method, the simulation and experiment were carried out on an AACMM. The simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the measuring length accuracy of the AACMM is improved significantly after kinematic error calibration and non-kinematic error compensation, confirming the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.

To analyze the stage characteristics in the dietary behavior improvement of college students and explore the role of social cognitive variables in the dietary behavior change based on the Health Action Process Approach.Selfmade college students' eating behavior scales, college students' dietary rating scales and social cognitive scales were used to investigate their eating behavior, dietary stages, and eating intentions. A cluster random sampling was employed to select 2100 college students in 8 colleges and universities in Shanxi Province from April to November 2015, a total of 1933 valid questionnaires were retrieved. The respondents were grade one to four undergraduates, of whom 613 were boys and 1320 were girls.Cross-sectional survey result showed that the dietary behavior of college students in Shanxi Province was 118. 17 ± 15. 27. In the social cognitive variables, positive expectancy( t =-3. 98, P0. 001) and behavioral intentions( t =-4. 03, P0. 001) had significant difference in gender, where girls were higher than boys. Self-efficacy, risk perception, outcome expectancy, action planning and dietary behavior all showed significant difference among preintenders, intenders and actors( P0. 01).The action stage of dietary behavior improvement had the most students and there were different social cognitive variables at different dietary behavior stages. Researchers should implement targed health management for students at different dietary behavior stages to make their dietary behavior more reasonablely and scientifically.

Background China has the world’s largest elderly population and an increasing number of empty-nest elderly. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Self-Mutual-Group model on social support of the empty-nest elderly, thus providing reference for improving their quality of life. Methods A intervention study was conducted between October 2016 and May 2017 at six communities in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China. A total of 350 empty-nest elderly aged 60–88 years were randomly assigned in the intervention group (n = 167) with a 7-month SMG-based intervention or to a control group (n = 183) with no intervention. The social support of the participating elderly (n = 350) was assessed by the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) at the baseline and 7 months later, respectively. Results A 7-month follow-up showed an increasing mean scores of SSRS, objective support, subjective support and support utilization of the intervention group, and reached statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusions The Self-Mutual-Group model was considered to be a positive intervention and was effective in increasing social support among the empty-nest elderly. Furthermore, future research should extend the intervention period and introduce multi-point measurement to better evaluate the intervention process and outcomes. Trial registration Study on the ‘SMG’ Health Management Model Based on Community Organization Theory among empty-nest elderly (ChiCTR1800015884).

To carry out a stage-matched intervention study on dietary behavior based on the Health Action Process Approach( HAPA), in order to verify the effectiveness of the intervention on improving the dietary behavior of college students.The study recruited 184 medical university 's students who were admitted between 2013 and 2015 from Shanxi, including 37 males and 147 females to participate the intervention of dietary behavioral based on HAPA from October 2015 to May 2016 by method of random sampling. They were divided into control group( 98) and intervention group( 86). No intervention was conducted on participants in the control group, differentintervention measures were applied to non-intenders, intenders and actors according to their characteristics in intervention group. Epi Data 3. 1 and SPSS 20. 0 were employed to analyze data.After the stage-matched intervention, the proportion of actors in the intervention group increased from 52. 33% to 66. 28%. In the intervention group the scores of participants after intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention, and were also significantly higher after intervention than those from control group in dietary behaviors( P0. 001), dietary concepts( P0. 001), taste tendency( P0. 001, P = 0. 002), eating regular( P0. 001) and dietary habits( P = 0. 006, P0. 001). In the intervention group, the total scores in dietary behavior at nonintenders( t =-5. 22, P0. 001), intenders( t =-13. 69, P0. 001) and actors( t =-8. 82, P0. 001) after intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention.Stage-matched intervention based on the HAPA has a positive effect on improving the dietary behavior of college students.

Objective To describe the revolution and research status of Advances in Psychological Science . Methods A total of 3060 articles published in Advances in Psychological Science from 1983 to 2014 were analyzed with the information visualization method using Citespace software from the aspects of publications, cited frequency and downloads, funding, organizations, authors and keywords. Results The results showed that the amount of literature published annually had an upward tendency, and 49.4% of the papers were supported by national or provincial projects. Institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the normal universities were rated in the forefront of the scientific research output. Xiting Huang, Hong Li and Yuejia Luo were at the top of the list of prolific authors. Conclusions A new pattern of cooperative development of the theory and application in the field of psychological research is forming.

Background With the acceleration of the ageing process, the number of empty-nest older adults (aged ≥60 years) has increased dramatically in China. As a vulnerable group, empty-nest older adults face more urgent health problems than their non-empty-nest counterparts. We aimed to examine the effect of the self-mutual-group (SMG) health management model on quality of life in these older adults to provide a scientific reference for improving their health. Methods We did an open-label, randomised controlled trial at six communities in Taiyuan, China. We enrolled empty-nest older adults (≥60 years) who had no cognitive disorder or other mental illnesses, were willing and able to complete the investigation, and were dwelling in the community at least 1 year before the study. We randomly assigned participants by random number tables to the intervention group, which received a 7-month SMG-based intervention, or the control group, with a 7-month follow-up without any intervention. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The primary outcome was the Short Form 36-Item Health Survey, which we used to measure the quality of life of participants. Analysis was by ANCOVA on measurement values after the intervention, controlling for scores before the intervention. This trial was approved by the institutional review boards of Shanxi Medical University. This trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR1800015884. Findings Between Aug 1, 2016, and Aug 30, 2017, 396 adults were enrolled, with 204 in the intervention group and 192 in the control group. After 7 months of SMG-based intervention, 350 empty-nest older adults completed the study continuously, of which 167 completed the 7-month SMG-based intervention and 183 completed the 7-month routine follow-up. We found a significant increase between the intervention group and the control group in the mean scores of mental component scores (F=105·146, p Interpretation SMG-based health management has a positive effect on improving the quality of life among empty-nest older adults. It provides a new perspective to improve their quality of life. Furthermore, future research can use different measurements to assess better the long-term effects of interventions on quality of life. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project, Planning Project of Philosophy and Social Science in Shanxi, Program for the Philosophy and Social Sciences Key Research Base of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi, and Fund Program for the Selected Post Doctorate in Zhejiang Province.

This paper employs a logistical regression classifier for combining particle swarm optimizer and local optimizer to solve dynamic optimization problems. It achieves the ability of automatic transition from global optimizer to local optimizer according to the state of solutions. The particle swarm optimizer is used to globally search for a good approximation of the solution and then SQP is applied as the local optimizer for quickly converging to the optima. Experimental results on two complex chemical processes demonstrate that the proposed method can get comparable and even better results than the existed methods in precision and especially in function evaluations.

Portable articulated coordinate measuring machine (PACMM) is a kind of high accuracy coordinate measurement instrument and it has been widely applied in manufacturing and assembly. A number of key problems should be taken into consideration to achieve the required accuracy, such as structural design, mathematical measurement model and calibration method. Although the classical kinematic model of PACMM is the Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) model, the representation of D-H encounters the badly-conditioned problem when the consecutive joint axes are parallel or nearly parallel. In this paper, a new kinematic model of PACMM based on a generalized geometric error model which eliminates the inadequacies of D-H model has been proposed. Furthermore, the generalized geometric error parameters of PACMM are optimized by the Levenberg-Marquard (L-M) algorithm. The experimental result demonstrates that the measurement of standard deviation of PACMM based on the generalized geometric error model has been reduced from 0.0627 mm to 0.0452 mm with respect to the D-H model.

Background We previously constructed a Self-Mutual-Group health management model, focusing on improving individuals' awareness of health management and ability in self-management, mutual-management, and group-management by increasing their self-efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Self-Mutual-Group model on social support among the empty-nest elderly (ie, those who live on their own), and to explore the related factors that might have a role in the intervention effect, thus providing information for improving the social support of empty-nest elderly. Methods We did an open-label, randomised controlled trial of six communities in Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China. We included empty-nest elderly individuals aged 60–88 years if they had no cognitive disorder or other mental illnesses, were willing and able to complete the investigation, and were dwelling in the community for at least 1 year before the study. We randomly assigned participants using a computer system to either the intervention group with a 7-month intervention or the control group with no intervention. The 7-month intervention consisted of three stages (self-management at months 1–2, mutual management at months 3–4, and group management at months 5–7) and was held at local health-care or residential activity centres by researchers and community workers assisting in the Self-Mutual-Group-based interventions. We assessed the social support of the participating elderly using the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) at baseline and 7 months' follow-up. This study was approved by the institutional review boards of Shanxi Medical University. We obtained informed consent from all participants. This trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Register, number ChiCTR1800015884 Findings Between Aug 1, 2016, and Sept 30, 2016, we enrolled 350 empty-nest elderly individuals; 167 in the intervention group and 183 in the control group. At 7 months' follow-up, we observed a significant increase between the intervention group and the control group in the mean scores of SSRS, objective support, and subjective support. The main influencing factors of the intervention effect were sex, marriage status, income sources, monthly income and employment status, relationship with children, and self-care ability of daily living. Interpretation The Self-Mutual-Group model was considered a positive intervention and was effective in increasing social support among the empty-nest elderly. Among the empty-nest elderly, men without spouses have a lower socioeconomic status than those with spouses. Therefore, those who do not have the ability for self-care should be the focus of future research and model popularisation to increase their social support effectiveness and improve their quality of life. Furthermore, future research might extend the intervention period and introduce multi-point measurement to better evaluate the intervention process and outcomes. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China (71874104 and 71403155), Soft Science Research Program in Shanxi (2017041039-2), Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professional in Shanxi Province (2017-16), and Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (2017-062).

In this paper, a 3D artifact is proposed to calibrate the kinematic parameters of articulated arm coordinate measuring machines (AACMMs). The artifact is composed of 14 reference points with three different heights, which provides 91 different reference lengths, and a method is proposed to calibrate the artifact with laser tracker multi-stations. Therefore, the kinematic parameters of an AACMM can be calibrated in one setup of the proposed artifact, instead of having to adjust the 1D or 2D artifacts to different positions and orientations in the existing methods. As a result, it saves time to calibrate the AACMM with the proposed artifact in comparison with the traditional 1D or 2D artifacts. The performance of the AACMM calibrated with the proposed artifact is verified with a 600.003 mm gauge block. The result shows that the measurement accuracy of the AACMM is improved effectively through calibration with the proposed artifact.

The precision of dimensional measurement plays an important role in guaranteeing the assembly accuracy of its internal components during the upgrading phase of EAST device. In this paper, the experimental research and analysis were done based on three dimensional combined measurement systems, combining Laser Tracker, flexible Measure ARM and measurement fiducials network, which are used for alignment and measurement of EAST components during the assembly process. The error sources were analyzed, e.g. temperature, gravity, welding, and so on. And the effective weight of each kind of error source was estimated by the simulation method. Then these results were used to correct and compensate the actual measured data, the stability and consistency of the measurement results was greatly improved in different measurement process, and the assembly precision of the EAST components was promised.

In order to obtain accurate position of the inner key components in the experimental advanced super- conducting tokamak (EAST), a combined optical measurement method which is comprised of a laser tracker (LT) and articulated coordinate measuring machine (CMM) has been brought forward. LT, which is an optical meas- urement instrument and has a large measurement range and high accuracy, is employed for establishing the precision measurement network of EAST, and the articulated CMM is also employed for measuring the inner key components of EAST. The measurement uncertainty analyzed by the Unified Spatial Metrology Network (USMN) is 0.20 mm at a confidence probability of 95.44%. The proposed technology is appropriate for the inspection of the reconstruction of the EAST. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. (DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.53.12.122406)