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Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL), also known as Kikuchi 5 disease is a rare condition of unknown etiology. Patients present with cervical lymph node enlargement, fever and malaise. The diagnosis is made by excision biopsy. However, this entity must be distinguished from both reactive processes and malignant tumors such as lymphoma. The clinical course is self limited with spontaneous resolution within a few months. We report three patients with the disease. A 37 year-old woman with a 4 months history of a painless submaxillary mass of 2.5 cm diameter, attached to the deep tissues of the neck. The mass was excised and the biopsy report was HNL. After 26 months of follow up, the patient is asymptomatic. A 30 year-old woman with a history of 2 months of a painless lateral cervical mass and aspiration biopsy was reported as suspicious for lymphoma. An excision biopsy was performed, that was reported as HNL. In both patients, lymphoma was ruled out by immunohistochemistry. A 33 year-old woman with a 3 weeks history of an asymptomatic lateral cervical mass. Biopsy was reported as HNL. This condition must be included in the differential diagnosis of cervical asymptomatic masses. The clinician must be aware of it to avoid long-term, costly treatments.

Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL), also known as Kikuchi 5 disease is a rare condition of unknown etiology. Patients present with cervical lymph node enlargement, fever and malaise. The diagnosis is made by excision biopsy. However, this entity must be distinguished from both reactive processes and malignant tumors such as lymphoma. The clinical course is self limited with spontaneous resolution within a few months. We report three patients with the disease. A 37 year-old woman with a 4 months history of a painless submaxillary mass of 2.5 cm diameter, attached to the deep tissues of the neck. The mass was excised and the biopsy report was HNL. After 26 months of follow up, the patient is asymptomatic. A 30 year-old woman with a history of 2 months of a painless lateral cervical mass and aspiration biopsy was reported as suspicious for lymphoma. An excision biopsy was performed, that was reported as HNL. In both patients, lymphoma was ruled out by immunohistochemistry. A 33 year-old woman with a 3 weeks history of an asymptomatic lateral cervical mass. Biopsy was reported as HNL. This condition must be included in the differential diagnosis of cervical asymptomatic masses. The clinician must be aware of it to avoid long-term, costly treatments

Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL), also known as Kikuchi 5 disease is a rare condition of unknown etiology. Patients present with cervical lymph node enlargement, fever and malaise. The diagnosis is made by excision biopsy. However, this entity must be distinguished from both reactive processes and malignant tumors such as lymphoma. The clinical course is self limited with spontaneous resolution within a few months. We report three patients with the disease. A 37 year-old woman with a 4 months history of a painless submaxillary mass of 2.5 cm diameter, attached to the deep tissues of the neck. The mass was excised and the biopsy report was HNL. After 26 months of follow up, the patient is asymptomatic. A 30 year-old woman with a history of 2 months of a painless lateral cervical mass and aspiration biopsy was reported as suspicious for lymphoma. An excision biopsy was performed, that was reported as HNL. In both patients, lymphoma was ruled out by immunohistochemistry. A 33 year-old woman with a 3 weeks history of an asymptomatic lateral cervical mass. Biopsy was reported as HNL. This condition must be included in the differential diagnosis of cervical asymptomatic masses. The clinician must be aware of it to avoid long-term, costly treatments

Postoperative hypocalcemia is one of the most common complications of thyroid surgery. It is related to the type of disease (malignant or benign), the number of identified parathyroid glands during the surgical procedure, and the surgeon's experience. Total thyroidectomy is the procedure of choice in our hospital for benign and malignant thyroid disease, but it can increase the incidence of complications.To evaluate the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia in patients subjected to a total thyroidectomy.Two studies were performed. A retrospective review of medical records of 448 patients subjected to total thyroidectomy, looking for serum calcium levels of less than 8 mg/dl and clinical signs of hypocalcemia. In a second study, 45 patients were followed with measurements of preoperative and postoperative serum calcium levels.In the retrospective study, only 136 records had reliable information. Clinical signs of hypocalcemia were registered in 14% of patients and a low serum calcium level was detected in 50%. In the prospective study, 42% of patients had a postoperative low serum calcium level and seven patients (15%) had symptoms. Patients were handled with oral calcium and calcitriol in some cases. Ninety nine percent of patients had normal serum calcium levels two moths after surgery.In this series, the rate of postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy is similar to international reports.

Background: Postoperative hypocalcemia is one of the most common complications of thyroid surgery. It is related to the type of disease (malignant or benign), the number of identified parathyroid glands during the surgical procedure, and the surgeon's experience. Total thyroidectomy is the procedure of choice in our hospital for benign and malignant thyroid disease, but it can increase the incidence of complications. Aim: To evaluate the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia in patients subjected to a total thyroidectomy. Material and methods: Two studies were performed. A retrospective review of medical records of 448 patients subjected to total thyroidectomy, looking for serum calcium levels of less than 8 mg/dl and clinical signs of hypocalcemia. In a second study, 45 patients were followed with measurements of preoperative and postoperative serum calcium levels. Results: In the retrospective study, only 136 records had reliable information. Clinical signs of hypocalcemia were registered in 14% of patients and a low serum calcium level was detected in 50%. In the prospective study, 42% of patients had a postoperative low serum calcium level and seven patients (15%) had symptoms. Patients were handled with oral calcium and calcitriol in some cases. Ninety nine percent of patients had normal serum calcium levels two moths after surgery. Conclusions: In this series, the rate of postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy is similar to internaitonal reports

Background: Postoperative hypocalcemia is one of the most common complications of thyroid surgery. It is related to the type of disease (malignant or benign), the number of identified parathyroid glands during the surgical procedure, and the surgeon's experience. Total thyroidectomy is the procedure of choice in our hospital for benign and malignant thyroid disease, but it can increase the incidence of complications. Aim: To evaluate the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia in patients subjected to a total thyroidectomy. Material and methods: Two studies were performed. A retrospective review of medical records of 448 patients subjected to total thyroidectomy, looking for serum calcium levels of less than 8 mg/dl and clinical signs of hypocalcemia. In a second study, 45 patients were followed with measurements of preoperative and postoperative serum calcium levels. Results: In the retrospective study, only 136 records had reliable information. Clinical signs of hypocalcemia were registered in 14% of patients and a low serum calcium level was detected in 50%. In the prospective study, 42% of patients had a postoperative low serum calcium level and seven patients (15%) had symptoms. Patients were handled with oral calcium and calcitriol in some cases. Ninety nine percent of patients had normal serum calcium levels two moths after surgery. Conclusions: In this series, the rate of postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy is similar to internaitonal reports

Se evalúa el rendimiento y utilidad clínica del estudio inicial de diseminación en nuestra serie de 616 casos de cáncer de mama, centrado especialmente en los estados I y II ( 374 casos ), buscando establecer si existe un subgrupo de mayor riesgo en el cual esté justificado el estudio inicial de diseminación. Se separaron las pacientes en 2 grupos de acuerdo a la palpación de ganglios axilares: sospechosos de metástasis (N1), no sospechosos (N0); comprobando que las pacientes N1 tenían un 5,99% de metástasis iniciales (13/217) versus un 2,3% (4/174) en las pacientes N0, (p=0,085); sin embargo durante el seguimiento de la serie (23 años) se comprobó que un porcentaje mayor de pacientes N1 desarrolló metástasis (50/204=24,5%) en relación a las pacientes N0 (25/170=14,7%) (p=0,0198); aunque no en todos estos casos los estudios iniciales fueron útiles para diagnosticar metástasis. En las pacientes que desarrollaron metástasis durante el seguimiento, los estudios iniciales de diseminación negativos, sirvieron de base comparativa a los estudios posteriores que mostraron metástasis, obteniéndose una utilidad clínica global para dichos estudios de un 24,4% (53/217) en las pacientes N1 versus un 14,4% (25/174) en las pacientes N0 (p=0,0154). En el 21% de las pacientes estado III, el estudio inicial de diseminación demostró metástasis. En 41 de 204 pacientes N1 (20%) la ecotomografía abdominal demostró colelitiasis, lo que se consideró un beneficio adicional del exámen. Se concluye que el estudio inicial de diseminación es de utilidad clínica en pacientes con ganglios axilares palpables Background: The study of tumor dissemination in stages I and II of breast cancer is not justified. However there may be a group of patients in these stages that has a higher risk of dissemination Aim: To study the yield and clinical usefulness of baseline staging tests in patients with breast cancer. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of 616 patients with breast cancer. Among these, 374 patients were in stages I and II and were further divided according to the presence or absence of palpable axillary lymph nodes. Global clinical utility of staging tests was defined as basal positive tests plus basal negative exams that served as comparison for new abnormal tests, that detected the presence of metastases during follow up. Results: Two hundred and four patients in stage I and II had palpable axillary lymph nodes and 13 had metastases (6%). In 170 patients, lymph nodes were not detected and four had metastases (2.3%, p=0.08 as compared with the group with lymph nodes). During a follow up ranging from 6 months to 23 years, 50 patients with palpable lymph nodes and 25 without palpable lymph nodes, developed metastases (p=0.02). The global clinical utility for all the baseline staging tests was 24% (53/217) in patients with palpable lymph nodes and 14,4% (25/174) in patients without lymph nodes (p=0,02). Additionally, in 41 of 204 patients with lymph nodes (20%), abdominal ultrasound showed colelithiasis. Conclusions: Baseline staging tests are of clinical utility in patients with breast cancer an suspicious axillary nodes