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Sanggenon C is a flavonoid extracted from the root bark of white mulberry, which is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antitumor pharmacological effects. In this study, sanggenon C was found to inhibit human gastric cancer (GC) cell proliferation and colony formation, induce GC cell cycle arrest in the G0-G1 phase, and promote GC cell apoptosis. Moreover, sanggenon C was found to decrease the level of mitochondrial membrane potential in GC cells and inhibit mitochondrial fission. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and a series of functional analyses confirmed that sanggenon C inhibited mitochondrial fission to induce apoptosis by blocking the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway, and constitutive activation of ERK significantly abrogated these effects. Finally, sanggenon C was found to suppress the growth of tumor xenografts in nude mice without obvious side effects to the vital organs of animals. This study reveals that sanggenon C could be a novel therapeutic strategy for GC treatment.

Hyperspectral and three-dimensional measurement can obtain the intrinsic physicochemical properties and external geometrical characteristics of objects, respectively. Currently, a variety of sensors are integrated into a system to collect spectral and morphological information in agriculture. However, previous experiments were usually performed with several commercial devices on a single platform. Inadequate registration and synchronization among instruments often resulted in mismatch between spectral and 3D information of the same target. And narrow field of view (FOV) extends the working hours in farms. Therefore, we propose a high throughput prototype that combines stereo vision and grating dispersion to simultaneously acquire hyperspectral and 3D information.

The accuracy of optical 3-D shape measuring system using fringe projection is associated with many factors and usually derived from calibrated reference objects. But such kind of result is a systematic assessment which is useless when considering typical complex surfaces where measurement errors tend to be different due to variances of measuring distance, object reflectivity and curve surface. In this paper, we present a method based on phase error and binocular stereo vision in order to estimate 3-D measurement error. The relationship between 3-D measurement error and system parameters is described at first according to classical binocular stereo vision and photogrammetric principles. An algorithm of phase error calculation is proposed which is focused on captured wavelength and the 3-D measurement error is then generated. We present results derived from practical experiments which demonstrate the acceptance of this method.

Density three dimensional plant canopy structure data has numerous applications in agriculture, but many existing 3D data collection approaches are time-consuming. In this paper, we present a measurement system based on structured-light for plant canopy structure data collection. The structured-light projector projects laser beam reflected by dual-oscillating mirror, arrives to the plant canopy, which is captured by a camera. We propose a new scanning mode, that is, during one exposure time of CCD camera, one mirror keeps moving in high frequency and small angle, while the other one maintains the same position, so that we can get a laser stripe rather than a spot in each image, from which about 100 sub-pixel centers of laser stripe can be extracted. Experiments show that the measurement system can rapid collect three dimensional information of the plant.

Objective Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) has been established as a reliable and potential biomarker of neuronal damage after acute neurologic insults, such as ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury. However, the effect of serum UCH-L1 levels has not been investigated in carbon monoxide (CO)-poisoned patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether serum UCH-L1 levels are a reliable marker of brain damage and the association of UCH-L1 with outcome. Design and methods This case–control study enrolled 46 CO-poisoned subjects and 30 controls. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, we studied the temporal profile of serum UCH-L1 levels at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after acute CO poisoning. Poisoning severity was assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. Long-term outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 6 months after poisoning. Results Compared with controls, CO-poisoned patients had significantly elevated serum levels of UCH-L1 at each time point after poisoning. There were significantly higher levels of UCH-L1 in CO-poisoned patients with a lower GCS score as well as in those with a poor 6-month outcome dichotomized GOS. Conclusions Serum levels of UCH-L1 appear to have potential clinical utility in providing valuable information about poisoning severity and outcome after CO poisoning.

The production of sugar beet and maize as energy crops were investigated in saline alkali soil in China during three growing seasons. A dramatically decreases of yield of grains and starch of maize was found in both medium and heavy saline-alkali soil in the three years. But there were no decreases of yield of root and sucrose of sugar beet in medium saline-alkali soil and reduction of yield of root and sucrose of sugar beet in heavy medium saline-alkali were faintly. The results indicate that sugar beet is more tolerant to salt stress and maintains higher production of sugar may be a major bioethanol crops in saline-alkali soil in China.

Spacers, for example, this paper introduces the developing process of energy efficient transmission line modular electrical fittings in distribution network. It uses glass fiber composite materials and non-magnetic as the main material which does not produce or produce very little hysteresis and eddy current losses. It has no corona and its energy saving effect is obvious; anti-dancing, high mechanical strength. Refer to the knowledge of aerodynamics to design the structure, not only effectively prevent the connection joint of different materials connected to the wear and tear, and can effectively reduce wind noise, thus reducing friction and shock losses .It not only replaces the expensive and rare metal materials such gold, and provide simple and economical solution for upgrading the distribution network. It meets the transmission line spacers technical indicators, economic and social benefits significantly.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of erythropoietin (EPO) for treating patients with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. We conducted a randomized, prospective study of 103 patients with CO poisoning in two groups: an EPO group (n = 54; patients received EPO) and a placebo group (n = 49; patients received normal saline). The study endpoints were the functional outcome at day 30 (the Barthel index and neurologic sequelae), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and the levels of S-100β. At 18 days, the NIHSS score improved significantly and S-100β levels significantly decreased in patients in the EPO group. At 30 days, patients in the EPO group had a superior Barthel index and fewer patients had delayed neurologic sequelae (DNS). This study demonstrated that early administration of EPO to patients with CO poisoning improved neurological outcomes and reduced the incidence of DNS.

Considering the mosaic result of the lunar DOM (Digital Orthophoto Map) produced by China's “CE-1” satellite, there usually exists a sharp gray jump beside the joining line. As to a strip image, the gray distribution may be uneven because of the light changing or position difference during photographing. To solve these matters, a method was proposed which is based on dynamic rules to detect the best joining line, and then stretch image according to its gray histogram. By making the pixels around boundary to change gradually, the joining line will finally be invisible. In order to solve the uneven gray distribution problems causing by imaging angle, light condition and other factors, a homogenization technology based on statistics of gray distribution was proposed. Using statistical information of the bands’ longitudinal changes to united the gray level to a defaulted range. The experimental results show that the method of this paper can make the integral gray level become even, the transition become more gently, and visual effect become more natural.

Drought usually induces plant growth inhibition and oxidative damage. This report showed the protections of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) against drought-induced damage in wheat, which was manifested in the better growth, higher relative water content (RWC), lower thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as well as the increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Drought often causes photosystem II (PS II) damage, which was observed in the decreased potential photochemical efficiency (F v/F m), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPS II), photochemical quenching (qP), electron transfer rate (ETR), and increased non-photochemical quenching (qN), however, these effects could be alleviated by NaHS (H2S donor). D1 protein in PS II reaction center is the most sensitive target of PS II damage. Compared to water treatment, a higher level of transcription but less D1 protein and phosphorylated D1 protein was detected in wheat leaves when exposed to NaHS under drought stress, which may result from the higher expression of STN8 (catalyze D1 protein phosphorylation) and D1 protein degradation-related gene (Deg1, Deg5, Deg8, FtsH2, and FtsH5). These results suggested that H2S alleviated drought-induced PS II damage owing to fast D1 protein turnover rather than D1 protein content.

Cross stress of heat and high irradiance (HI) resulted in the accumulation of active oxygen species and photo-oxidative damage to photosynthetic apparatus of wheat leaves during grain development. Pre-treatment with calcium ion protected the photosynthetic system from oxidative damage by reducing O-.2 production, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and retarding electrolyte leakage from cell. Therefore, high Fv/Fm [maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2 (PS2) while all PS2 reaction centres are open], Fm/F0 (another expression for the maximal photochemical efficiency of PS2), ΦPS2 (actual quantum yield of PS2 under actinic irradiation), qP (photochemical quenching coefficient), and PN (net photosynthetic rate) were maintained, and lower qNP (non-photochemical quenching coefficient) of the leaves was kept under heat and HI stress. EGTA (a chelant of calcium ion) and LaCl3 (a blocker of Ca2+ channel in cytoplasmic membrane) had the opposite effect. Thus Ca ion may help protect the photosynthetic system of wheat leaves from oxidative damage induced by the cross stress of heat and HI.

Infiltration of methyl viologen (MV, source of O2−) and Na-diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC, inhibitor of SOD) into wheat leaves resulted in the accumulation of active oxygen species and photo-oxidative damage to photosynthetic apparatus under both moderate and high irradiance. Exogenous antioxidants, ascorbate (ASA) and mannitol, scavenged active oxygen efficiently, protected the photosynthetic system from MV and DDC induced oxidative damage, and maintained high Fv/Fm [maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2 (PS2) while all PS2 reaction centres are open], Fm/F0 (another expression for the maximal photochemical efficiency of PS2), ΦPS2 (actual quantum yield of PS2 under actinic irradiation), qP (photochemical quenching coefficient), PN (net photosynthetic rate), and lowered qNP (non-photochemical quenching coefficient) of the leaves kept under high irradiance and oxidative stress. Phenolic compounds used in these experiments, catechol (Cat), resorcinol (Res), and tannic acid (Tan), had similar anti-oxidative activity and protective effect on photosynthetic apparatus as ASA and mannitol. The anti-oxidative activity and the protective effect of phenolic compounds increased with increase in their concentration from 100 to 300 g m−3. The number and the position of hydroxyl group in phenolic molecules seemed to influence their antioxidative activity.

The spatial correlativity and spectral information are not applied synchronously in the classification model of hyperspectral data. To solve this problem, an improved classification approach based on Markov random field (MRF) theory is proposed in our work The MRF model based on maximum a posteriori is applied to combine the spectral and spatial information. The probabilistic support vector machine (PSVM) algorithm using pixels' spectral information is applied to improve the estimation accuracy of the class conditional probability (CCP) of the spectral energy function, and the efficient belief propagation (EBP) based on multi-accelerated strategy (such as ordinal propagated message strategy, linearized message-updating strategy, and coarse-to-fine approach) is developed in order to solve the problem of the high calculational complexity and time-consumed in the global energy minimum optimization of MRF model. The true hyperspectral data collected by airborne visible infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) is applied to estimate the performance of the proposed approach in the agricultural demonstration area, Indiana northwest, USA. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with simulated annealing and iterated conditional model. The results illuminate that the average classification accuracy of our method reachs to 95.78%, and the Kappa coefficient is 93.34%, much higher than that of the result by the traditional MRF classification algorithms, and the computational efficiency is improved more than 3 times compared with the belief propagation algorithm.

Adjacency effects may introduce errors in the quantitative applications of hyperspectral remote sensing, of which the significant item is the earth-atmosphere coupling radiance. However, the surrounding relief and shadow induce strong changes in hyperspectral images acquired from rugged terrain, which is not accurate to describe the spectral characteristics. Furthermore, the radiative coupling process between the earth and the atmosphere is more complex over the rugged scenes. In order to meet the requirements of real-time processing in data simulation, an equivalent reflectance of background was developed by taking into account the topography and the geometry between surroundings and targets based on the radiative transfer process. The contributions of the coupling to the signal at sensor level were then evaluated. This approach was integrated to the sensor-level radiance simulation model and then validated through simulating a set of actual radiance data. The results show that the visual effect of simulated images is consistent with that of observed images. It was also shown that the spectral similarity is improved over rugged scenes. In addition, the model precision is maintained at the same level over flat scenes.

An user defined surface function method was proposed to model the acousto-optic interaction of AOTF based on wave-vector match principle. Assessment experiment result shows that this model can achieve accurate ray trace of AOTF diffracted beam. In addition, AOTF imaging spectrometer presents large residual lateral color when traditional chromatic aberrations correcting method is adopted. In order to reduce lateral chromatic aberrations, a method based on doublet prism is proposed. The optical material and angle of the prism are optimized automatically using global optimization with the help of user defined AOTF surface. Simulation result shows that the proposed method provides AOTF imaging spectrometer with great conveniences, which reduces the lateral chromatic aberration to less than 0.000 3 degrees and improves by one order of magnitude, with spectral image shift effectively corrected.

The present research describes the development of an improved cross-calibration method of on-orbit satellite sensor. The EO-1/Hyperion was taken as the referenced sensor and HJ-1A/HSI was taken as the uncalibrated sensor. The differences between the bands configurations were removed by the precise spectral response matching using the deconvolution method, which significantly reduced the radiometric calibration uncertainty of HSI sensor. The calibration coefficients of HSI for all 115 bands were acquired. The uncertainties of calibration coefficient from band 1 to band 60 stably lie in 5%-8%, and for all the other bands excerpt for the oxygen absorption which lies in at 760 nm and the water vapor absorption which lies in at 940 nm, the uncertainties of calibration coefficients are changed from 7% to 18%, which increased as the wavelength increased. Contrasted Compared with the traditional spectral matching method, the method proposed can improve the calibration accuracy by about 50%, which can meet the demand of the quantitive application for hyperspectral remote sensing data. It demonstrated the good precision and reliability of the method. It solved the spectral matching problem when the band configuration is big enough so that the cross calibration accuracy is too low and is difficult to apply in hyperspectral sensor cross-calibration, and provides a new method to frequently update the calibration coefficients for hyperspectral imager.

Imaging spectrometer based on acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is a novel hyperspectral imaging system. In order to rectify the non-uniformity of radiation sensitivity on different waveband, especially the low signal-to-noise (SNR) in low-light conditions, the electron-multiplying CCD (EMCCD) sensor was proposed. The noise of AOTF imaging spectrometer was analyzed in both normal and EM modes of the CCD sensor with derived SNR calculating model which has been experimentally validated. On that basis, a new evaluation method of the dynamic range in EM mode and a novel method of calculating spectral radiance at the entrance aperture were adopted. The experimental result shows that the theoretic SNR models are fit, and better selection of EM mode is effective to improve the SNR and non-uniformity of radiation sensitivity in low light level conditions.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of erythropoietin (EPO) for treating patients with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. We conducted a randomized, prospective study of 103 patients with CO poisoning in two groups: an EPO group (n = 54; patients received EPO) and a placebo group (n = 49; patients received normal saline). The study endpoints were the functional outcome at day 30 (the Barthel index and neurologic sequelae), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and the levels of S-100β. At 18 days, the NIHSS score improved significantly and S-100β levels significantly decreased in patients in the EPO group. At 30 days, patients in the EPO group had a superior Barthel index and fewer patients had delayed neurologic sequelae (DNS). This study demonstrated that early administration of EPO to patients with CO poisoning improved neurological outcomes and reduced the incidence of DNS.

A new full-polarized multi-spectral imaging system is described, which uses electronically controlled LCVR (liquid crystal variable retarder) to modulate the full-polarized state of light in the visible to IR range. The system consisted of optical lenses, LCVRs, filters and CCD. Firstly, the system structure, working theory and optical design are introduced in the present paper. A polarization calibration method is provided and the calibration system was set up, which realized high-precision polarization calibration using a small polarized source. Then, a field experiment with the imaging system was carried out. Polarized spectral images with higher spectral and spatial resolution were collected. Finally, the data acquired were rough processed to get polarization degree image of the targets. It is concluded that the experiment has proved that the imaging system is effective in obtaining full-polarized and multi- spectral data. The image captured by the system can be applied to object identification and object classification.

Aimed to understand the effects of exogenous Ca2+ on the D1 protein phosphorylation and PS II performances of wheat leaf chloroplasts under high temperature and illumination stress, wheat leaves at grain-filling stage were sprayed with 10 mmol x L(-1) of CaCl2 or water (as control), and then subjected to high temperature and illumination stress (35 degrees C and 1600 micromol x m(-2) x S(-1)) for various hours, with the changes in photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR), net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and relative amount of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated D1 protein in thylakoid membranes determined. After spraying with Ca2+, the PS II reaction center under the stress was reversibly inactivated, the net degradation of D1 protein was effectively restrained, the D1 protein phosphorylation was maintained at a higher level, and the ETR of whole chain and PS II, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PS II (F(v)/F(m)), the actual photochemical efficiency of PS II (phi(PS II), the photochemical quenching coefficient (qp), and net photosynthetic rate (P(n)) were all higher, suggesting that exogenous Ca2+ could improve the PS II performances and mitigate its damage under high temperature and illumination stress via regulating the turnover of D1 protein in wheat leaf chloroplasts.

Aims : To study the long-term changes of dendritic spine and synapse taking place in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Methods : Pregnant mice were intubated daily with ethanol (EtOH) from E5 to parturition. A DiI diolistic method was used to label dendritic spines of pyramidal cells in the visual cortex of EtOH-exposed and control pups over the period from postnatal (P) day P0 to P30; synaptic ultrastructure was also analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Results : Prenatal alcohol exposure was associated with a significant decrease in the number of dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons in the visual cortex and an increase in their mean length. The changes were dose dependent and persisted to P30. Ultrastructural changes were also observed, with decreased numbers of synaptic vesicles, narrowing of the synaptic cleft and thickening of the postsynaptic density compared to controls; ultrastructural changes also persisted to P30. Conclusions : Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with long-term changes in dendritic spines and synaptic ultrastructure; these alterations probably reflect the developmental retardation of dendritic spines and synapses in visual cortex. These long-term changes are likely to contribute to lifelong mental retardation associated with childhood FASDs.

15000, 22500, and 30000 kg x hm(-2) of biogas liquid manure were applied to maize hybrid Zhengdan 958 to study their effects on the key source-sink metabolism enzymes and yield components of the summer maize. Compared with CK and applying nitrogen fertilizer, the application of biogas liquid manure not only increased the aboveground biomass, leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll content, but also enhanced the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and sucrose phosphate synthetase (SPS) in leaves and the sucrose synthetase (SS) in grains. The yield parameters such as ear diameter, ear length, grain rows per ear, grains per row, kernels per ear, 1000-kernel mass, and grain yield per unit area were also increased significantly. Of the three test application rates, 22500 kg x hm(-2) (7500 kg x hm(-2) applied at jointing, big trumpet, and tasseling stages, respectively) had the best effects on enhancing the above mentioned enzyme activities and grain yield, with the yield reached 14006.7 kg x hm(-2) and being 40.7% higher than the control.

To study the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on the D1 protein phosphorylation and PS II performance in wheat (Tritivum aestivum L.) leaf chloroplasts under high temperature and high light, the wheat leaves at grain-filling stage were sprayed with SA solution (0.5 mmol x L(-1)) or water (as control), and then subjected to 35 degrees C and 1600 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1) for various hours. The changes in electron transport rate (ETR), net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and relative amount of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated D1 protein in thylakoid membrane were compared. The results showed that foliar spraying SA effectively inhibited the degradation of D1 protein under high temperature and high light stress, and maintained the D1 protein phosphorylation, ETR of whole chain and PS II, Fv/Fm (the maximal photochemical efficiency of PS II), phi(PS II) (the actual photochemical efficiency of PS II), q(p)(the photochemical quenching coefficient), and Pn (net photosynthetic rate) at a higher level, indicating that exogenous SA could mitigate the damage effect of high temperature and high light on wheat leaf photosynthetic apparatus and benefit PS II performance via regulating the turnover of D1 protein in chloroplasts.

The quantitative evaluation of detection algorithms performance is a key for the advancement of target detection algorithms. The receiver operator Characteristic (ROC) curve method is purposed to evaluate the detection algorithms performance for hyperspectral data in the basis of the analysis and comparison of kinds of evaluation methods. A ROC curve plots the probability of detection (PD) versus the probability of false alarm (PFA) as a function of the threshold, and the detection performance can be synthetically evaluated using the shape of ROC curve and the area under the curve. The algorithm and modeling method are presented in our work. The ROC curve is applied to evaluate the performance of independent component analysis (ICA), RX, gauss markov random field (GMRF), and projection pursuit (PP) algorithms for hyperspectral remote sensing data.

To study the effect of potassium level on physiological characteristics and diosgenin content of Dioscorea zingiberensisg and provide experimental basis for proper use of potassium fertilizer.Field experiment including four potassium levels was carried out. The physiological characteristics of leaves were determined at different growth stages and the diosgenin content in bulk root was assayed after harvest.Within the arrange of 0-180 kg K2SO4/hm2, the content of chlorophyll and amino acid, Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm, and phiPs II were increased with the increase in potassium level. Meanwhile, the ability to defense the damage caused by active oxygen was obviously enhanced. Further increase in potassium level resulted in the decrease in efficiency of potassium fertilizer.It indicats that higher yield and diosgenin content can be obtained when the potassium level is 180 kg K2/hm2.