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This study investigated the effects of bending curvature of simulated e-paper displays (−10 cm, plane and 10 cm) and ambient illuminance (50, 500, 6000 and 12,000 lx) on the visual performance of young and elderly users for simulated electronic-paper displays. In total, 24 people comprising 12 young and 12 elderly users participated in this study. Young users demonstrated significantly enhanced visual performance using the simulated electrophoretic ink (E ink) e-paper display with ambient illuminance set at 50 and 500 lx; however, participants did not demonstrate significantly different visual performance using the 2 simulated e-paper displays with ambient illuminance set at 6000 and 12,000 lx. The bending curvature did not exhibit significant effects on the visual performance of young participants under various ambient illuminances. The elderly participants exhibited significantly enhanced visual performance using the simulated E ink e-paper display only when ambient illuminance was set at 50 lx; however, participants did not exhibit significantly different visual performance using the two simulated e-paper displays with ambient illuminance set at other levels. Elderly users exhibited significantly enhanced visual performance when the bending curvature was set at 10 cm, with ambient illuminance set at 50 lx. Elderly users also demonstrated significantly enhanced visual performance under bending curvature settings of 10 cm and plane, with ambient illuminance set at 500 lx. However, the bending curvature of the simulated e-paper did not exhibit significant effects on the visual performance of elderly participants under ambient illuminance settings of 6000 and 12,000 lx.

The study investigated the effects of screen polarity (black-on-white and white-on-black) and ambient illuminance (200 and 500 lx) on the searching performance and visual fatigue for different aged VDT (Visual Display Terminal) users (20–30, 45–54, and over 54 years old). The result of this study showed that the polarity had a significant effect on subjects' searching performance. Subjects' searching performance was significantly better at black-on-white polarity than at white-on-black polarity. In addition, ambient illuminance, age, and the interaction between illuminance and age also had significant effects on subjects' searching performance. Subjects aged over 54 had the better searching performance in 500 lx than in 200 lx; however, the illuminance had no significant effect on searching performance for subjects younger than 55. Regarding the visual fatigue, the effect of ambient illuminance on the subjective visual fatigue was significant. The subjective visual fatigue was significantly higher at 200 lx than at 500 lx.

— This study examined the effects of text/background color combinations (black-on-white, red-on-white, green-on-white, and blue-on-white), ambient illuminance (50, 500, and 12,000 lx), and display type (color electronic-paper displays and conventional transmissive liquid-crystal displays) on the discriminating performance of young and elderly users. The results showed that when participants used the color e-paper display, young participants had significantly better discriminating performance than elderly participants under the text/background color combinations of black-on-white, green-on-white, and blue-on-white, whereas no significant difference was present between young and elderly participants under red-on-white. When participants used a conventional transmissive LCD, however, there was no significant difference between young and elderly participants under all text/background color-combination settings. Young participants had substantially better discriminating performance under 500 and 12,000 lx than under 50 lx, whereas elderly participants had the best discriminating performance under 12,000 lx, followed by that under 500 lx, and the worst performance under 50 lx. Participants who used a conventional transmissive LCD had substantially better discriminating performance under 500 and 12,000 lx than under 50 lx. Participants who used the color e-paper display had the best discriminating performance under 12,000 lx, followed by that under 500 lx, and the worst performance under 50 lx. The results can be the guild for the designers of color e-paper displays.

— This study investigated the effects of age (young participants aged 20–30 and elderly participants older than 60), ambient illuminance (50, 500, 1 500, 3000, 6000, and 9000 lx) on participants' visual performance when using various electronic displays (conventional transmissive LCD, Ch-LC display, and E-ink display). Overall, the results indicated that participants' visual performance showed sign if icant difference among various ambient il luminance cond itions, electronic displays, and between two groups of participants. Significantly different visual performance was observed between young and elderly participants. The interaction among ambient illuminance, type of electronic display, and age had a significant effect on participants' visual performance. When participants used the E-ink display, both young and elderly participants had significantly worse visual performance under an ambient illuminance of 50 lx compared to other illuminance settings. When participants used the Ch-LC display, young participants had significantly worse visual performance under an ambient illuminance of 50 lx compared to other illuminance settings, but elderly participants had significantly better visual performance under an ambient illuminance higher than 1500 lx. When young participants used a conventional transmissive LCD, the ambient illuminance had no significant effect on their visual performance. When elderly participants use a conventional transmissive LCD, an illuminance of 50 and 6000 lx seem to have a detrimental effect on their visual performance.

— This study investigated the effect of ambient illuminance (50, 500, 1500, 3000, 6000, and 9000 lx) on participants' visual performance using four electronic displays (conventional LCD under transmissive mode, conventional LCD under reflective mode, Ch-LC display, and E-ink display). Analysis results indicate that participants' visual performance shows significant difference under various ambient illuminance and electronic displays. The interaction between ambient illuminance and electronic display also has significant effect on participants' visual performance. When participants use the conventional LCD under transmissive mode, ambient luminance has no significant effect on participants' visual performance. However, participants' visual performance is significantly different under various ambient illuminances using the conventional LCD under reflective mode, Ch-LC display, and E-ink display. The conventional LCD under transmissive mode is the only choice at a lower illuminance of 50 lx. Higher illuminance (500 lx) for E-ink displays may result in as good a performance as the conventional LCD under transmissive mode; nevertheless, much higher illuminance (1500 lx) for the conventional LCD under reflectance mode and Ch-LC display may achieve better performance.